第6讲 形容词和副词 2025年中考英语语法专题复习 课件（外研版）

形容词和副词 上页 栏目导航 下页 栏 目 导 航 语法过关 考点讲练 好题演练 素养提升 上页 栏目导航 下页 形容词的用法 上页 栏目导航 下页 上页 栏目导航 下页 上页 栏目导航 下页 上页 栏目导航 下页 上页 栏目导航 下页 上页 栏目导航 下页 C A B 上页 栏目导航 下页 The chair is two meters long. It's very kind of you to help me. 上页 栏目导航 下页 副词的用法 上页 栏目导航 下页 上页 栏目导航 下页 上页 栏目导航 下页 上页 栏目导航 下页 上页 栏目导航 下页 B D 上页 栏目导航 下页 D old enough usually well 上页 栏目导航 下页 形容词和副词的比较等级 上页 栏目导航 下页 上页 栏目导航 下页 上页 栏目导航 下页 上页 栏目导航 下页 上页 栏目导航 下页 上页 栏目导航 下页 B A 上页 栏目导航 下页 C taller the second tallest harder 上页 栏目导航 下页 常见形容词和副词辨析 alone alone lonely lonely 上页 栏目导航 下页 always usually often Sometimes hardly never 辨析2　 always / usually / often / sometimes / seldom /harderly / never seldom 上页 栏目导航 下页 aloud loud loudly loudly aloud 上页 栏目导航 下页 also too either 上页 栏目导航 下页 asleep sleep sleepy sleep 上页 栏目导航 下页 beautiful pretty/beautiful good looking/pretty /beautiful handsome 上页 栏目导航 下页 big large/big great 上页 栏目导航 下页 tall/high high real true 上页 栏目导航 下页 still already yet wake awake 上页 栏目导航 下页 death dead die dying 上页 栏目导航 下页 pleasant pleased pleasure 上页 栏目导航 下页 surprise surprising surprised surprised 上页 栏目导航 下页 ago before late late lately 上页 栏目导航 下页 instead of instead good well Well 上页 栏目导航 下页 Sometimes some time sometime 上页 栏目导航 下页 B C 上页 栏目导航 下页 C A D 上页 栏目导航 下页 A B 上页 栏目导航 下页 cleverer less older youngest cheapest 上页 栏目导航 下页 the most expensive interesting well better best happier bad 上页 栏目导航 下页 silent said terrible best worried 上页 栏目导航 下页 clear well asleep tired more hard-working 上页 栏目导航 下页 形容词是修饰名词或代词，说明人或事物性质或特征的词。其具体用法如下： 1. 形容词的基本用法 作用 用法 举例 ①作定语 一般位于名词前，度量词、复合不定代词或副词后 I have an interesting book. She is 12 years old. Is there anything interesting in the newspaper？ It’s quite nice of you. 位置 用法 举例 ②作表语 位于系动词后，系动词主要有： be动词；一好像(seem)； 三保持(keep, remain, stay)； 五变化(turn, become, get, go, grow)； 五感官(feel, sound, look, smell, taste) The table is new. Leaves turn yellow in autumn. The soup tastes very delicious. 描述健康状况和“a”开头的形容词一般仅用作表语，如：ill, sick, well, alone, afraid, alike, alive, asleep等。 ③作宾语补足语 放在宾语之后，常与keep, make 等词连用 His story makes us moved. ④作状语 形容词可放在句首或句末 He arrived home, hungry and tired. 　当多个形容词修饰同一个名词时，一般遵循以下顺序：限定词(冠词/所有格/物主代词/指示代词/数词等)＋性质＋状态＋大小、长短或高低＋新旧＋形状样式＋颜色＋国籍＋材料＋用途＋名词，如：some big old round brown Chinese wooden tables。 　美小圆旧黄，中国木书房。 2. ­ing形容词和­ed形容词的区别 形容词 用法 举例 tiring　boring　exciting interesting　amazing　relaxing 指事物对人的影响，常用来修饰物，主语一般是物 They were all very excited when they heard the exciting news. tired　bored　excited interested　amazed　relaxed 指人对事物的感受，主语 一般是人 3. 复合形容词 复合形容词只能放在名词前作定语。 形式 举例 ①数词＋名词＋形容词 a two­day visit　 a three­year­old boy ②形容词＋动名词 an easy­going roommate 　 a good­looking girl ③形容词/数词＋名词­ed a middle­aged woman　 a kind­hearted man ④名词＋过去分词 a man­made lake　 a snow­covered tree ⑤副词＋过去分词 a well­known writer　 a newly­built house 4. 形容词常用句式 (1)It's＋adj.＋of sb.＋to do sth.“某人做某事是……”，这里的形容词是形容某人的性格和品质，如：nice, kind, polite, wise, careful等。如：It's very kind of you to show us around the museum. (2)It's ＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do sth.“对某人来说做某事是……”，这里的形容词则是形容某事的性质，如：important, necessary, difficult等。如：It's very useful and educational for students to visit museums. ( )1.A man should be strict with himself, but be ______ to others. similar　 B．harmful　 C．friendly D．important ( )2.“We made our dreams come true through ______ work，”Chinese astronaut Liu Yang shared her stories on China's Space Day. hard B．lazy C．easy D．boring ( )3.—I like your teapot.It has a very funny but interesting shape. —Thank you.It's a work of art, but it is also ______ for tea making. A．natural　　　　 B．practical C．equal D．general 4．这个椅子两米长。(汉译英) _______________________________ 5．你帮助我真的是太友好了。(汉译英) _______________________________ 副词是指在句中描写人或物的行为或状态特征的词，主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或句子，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念、副词在句子中可作状语、表语，宾语补足语、定语。 1. 副词的构成形式 形式 举例 ①大多数方式副词都是由形容词加后缀­ly构成 carefully　clearly　happily ②部分单词本身就是副词 fast　high　there　often　however ③副词短语 once in while　hardly ever　again and again 2. 副词的位置 需要注意的副词位置如下： 类别 位置 举例 ①方式副词 修饰不及物动词时，通常放在被修饰的动词后面；修饰及物动词时，一般放在动词和宾语后面 She listens carefully in class. He speaks French very fluently. ②频度副词 一般放在行为动词前，但置于be动词、助动词、情态动词后 He always works like that. He has never been late. ③程度副词 一般放在行为动词、形容词或副词之前(enough除外) She is so beautiful. This room is big enough for us. She nearly succeeded. 副词的排列顺序为：程度副词＋方式副词＋地点副词＋时间副词。 如：He put the book right here in a hurry just now and left. 3. 副词的种类 类别 常见例词 ①时间副词 now　then　early　today　soon　finally　before　ago　yesterday ②地点副词 here　there　everywhere　anywhere　in　out　inside　outside　down　back ③方式副词 carefully　properly　suddenly　fast　well　calmly　politely　proudly　softly　warmly ④频度副词 often　always　usually　seldom　ever　never　sometimes　hardly ⑤程度副词 much　little　very　rather　so　too　still　quite　perfectly　enough　completely　almost ⑥疑问副词 how　when　where　why ⑦连接副词 however　how　when　where　why　then ⑧关系副词 when　where　why 4. 形容词变副词的变化规律 形容词 后缀方法 举例 ①一般情况 直接加­ly quick→quickly　 slow→slowly ②以辅音字母+y结尾的多音节词(≥2个音节) 变y为i再加­ly happy→happily　heavy→heavily ③绝大多数以e结尾的开音节词 直接加­ly wide→widely　 polite→politely ④其他变化 去e加­ly true→truly ⑤辅音字母加le结尾 去e加­y terrible→terribly 此外 eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(不规则的变化：如good→well,看起来像副词的形容词：lonely　lovely　friendly　daily　likely　ugly　lively)) 5. 既作形容词又作副词的词 举例 形容词用法 副词用法 fast The train is very fast.(adj.快的) The train goes very fast.(adv.快地) well He didn't feel well this morning.(adj.身体健康的) He can speak English well.(adv.好地) hard The floor is hard. (adj.坚硬的) The problem is too hard to solve.(adj.困难的) Students are working hard for the final exam.(adv.努力地) hardly的意思为“几乎不”，不是由hard加­ly构成，和hard无关。 past Peter talked about his past work experience.(adj.过去的) An ambulance drove past.(adv.经过) long Do you know the girl with long hair？(adj.长的) The farmers don't stay long in the same place.(adv.长时间地) enough We have enough money to buy books.(adj.足够的) This room is big enough for me.(adv.足够地) ( )1.If I don't talk ______， my old grandmother can't hear me. A．quickly B．loudly C．suddenly D．quietly ( )2.—Father's Day is around the corner，but I don't have money to buy a gift for my dad. —Why not make a card by yourself？He will ______ love it. A．widely B．smoothly C．hardly D．certainly ( )3．I often watch TV, but ______ I like to listen to the radio. A．some time B．some times C．sometime D．sometimes 4．The boy is too young to go to school. (改为同义句) (enough) The boy isn’t ______ _________ to go to school. 5．Students ________(通常地)listen to the teachers' advice and act on it. 6．You've done a good job. I'm sure you can do it _______(good)． 1. 形容词和副词比较等级的规则变化 构成方法 举例 ①一般直接在词尾加­er，­est tall—taller—tallest ②以不发音的字母e结尾的加­r，­st nice—nicer—nicest ③以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加­er，­est big—bigger—biggest ④以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，变y为i，再加­er，­est happy—happier—happiest ⑤大多数多音节（两个音节以上）和部分双音节词，在词前加more, most important—more important—most important quickly—more quickly—most quickly useful—more useful—most useful 2. 形容词和副词比较等级的不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/badly worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther(指距离或时间上更远) farthest further(指程度上进一步) furthest old older(常作表语，指年长多少) oldest elder(常作前置定语，指辈分大的，意为“年长的”) eldest 3. 形容词和副词比较等级的用法 (1)原级 ①说明人或事物自身的性质、特征或状态时用原级 ②表示程度的副词very/so/too/pretty/really/enough/quite等作修饰词时用原级 ③表示A与B在某一方面程度相同或不同时用原级 ④重点句型 less＋adj./adv.＋than 不如，比不上　　 so＋adj./adv.原级＋that 如此……以致于…… too＋adj./adv.原级＋to do sth. 太……而不能…… adj./adv.原级＋enough＋to do sth. 足够……去做某事 肯定句结构：as＋adj./adv.原级＋as　 否定句结构：not＋as/so＋adj./adv.原级＋as 用原级表倍数：be＋half/倍数＋as ＋原级＋as (2)比较级：表示不同程度(用于两者比较)用比较级；表示程度加深用比较级。常见结构： ①A比B更…… A+谓语动词+比较级＋than＋B 如：He runs faster than Jack. ②A是两者中较……的 A+谓语动词+the＋比较级＋of the two＋… 如：She is the more careful of the two students. ③哪一个更…… Who/Which…＋比较级，A or B？ 如：Which one is better, blue or red? ④越……就越…… the＋比较级，the＋比较级 如：The more you practise, the better your English is. ⑤越来越…… 单音节：比较级＋and＋比较级　　多音节：more and more＋原级 如：bigger and bigger more and more beautiful. ⑥比其他任何(其余)……都…… 比较级＋than any other＋可数名词单数＝比较级＋than the other＋可数名词复数，如：He is taller than any other boy in his class.＝He is taller than the other boys in his class. ⑦比……在某方面超出几倍 倍数＋比较级＋than 如：The hall is five times bigger than our classroom. ⑧“最……不过” 否定词+比较级 如：I can't agree more. 我非常同意。 (3)最高级：三者或者三者以上的比较用最高级。常见结构： ①最……之一 one of＋the＋最高级＋可数名词复数 如：one of the best players ②……中第几…… the＋序数词＋最高级 ③哪一个最…… Which/Who…＋the＋最高级，A，B or C？ 如：Which is the heaviest, an elephant, a horse or a cow? ④最…… the＋最高级＋表示比较范围的短语(of/in)或从句 如：Who is the strongest of the four boys? ①若形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词或名词所有格等修饰时，此时不用冠词。 　如：He is my best friend. 他是我最好的朋友。(best前面不可再加the) ②副词最高级前一般有the，可以省略。如：He works (the) hardest of all the students in the class. ③a＋most＋形容词最高级，意为“一个非常……”。如：a most beautiful city一座非常美丽的城市 ( )1.—I have trouble with my English. —John's English is the ______ in our class.You can ask him for help. A．worst B．best C．fastest D．slowest ( )2.It's one of ______ things in the world to stay with our family members. A．the happiest B．happier C．happy D．happily ( ) 3.—Our class did well in the school singing competition. —Yes, you sang ______ of all. A．beautifully B．more beautifully C．most beautifully D．more beautiful 4. —Who is _______(tall), Tom or Mike? —Mike. He is _________________(第二高的) student in our class. 5．The ________ (努力) you practise，the greater progress you will make. 辨析1　alone / lonely alone 副词，强调单独一人，没有同伴，在句中多作表语或宾语补足语。意为“独自；单独”，不含感情色彩 lonely 形容词，指人孤独寂寞，指地方荒无人烟。有浓厚的感情色彩，可作定语或表语。 如：The old man was alone in a lonely village. He felt lonely. 这位老人独自一人住在一个偏僻的村庄里。他感到很孤独。 eq \x(运用1) ①Leave him ! ②I was , but I did not feel . ③There's nothing here but a mountain village. eq \x(运用2) ①The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. ②He goes to bed at ten o'clock. ③Tom is late for school. ④ he does it in this way. ⑤I ever go out these days. ⑥My parents are late for work. ⑦I cook for myself. 辨析3　aloud / loud / loudly aloud 只能作副词，意为“大声地；出声地”，常与read, call 等动词连用，强调为使人听见而发声，声音不一定很大 loud 可以作形容词“高声的”，也可作副词，意为“响亮地；高声地”，主要指说话声或笑声等，常与talk, speak, say, laugh等词连用 loudly 只能作副词，有时可以与loud替换，但loudly 含有“吵闹；喧闹”的意思，强调声音高，不悦耳 eq \x(运用3) ①I wasn't talking to you. I was just reading to practice my spoken English. ②They are talking happily and all the day. ③Don't talk so because the baby is sleeping now. ④Suddenly the bell rang ． ⑤She called for help. 辨析4　also / too / either also 表示“也”，用法比较正式，一般用于肯定句中，常放在be 动词后，行为动词前，表示强调 too 表示“也”，多用于口语，用于肯定句中，一般放在句尾，前面用逗号隔开 either 意为“也不”，用于否定句中，一般放在句末，前面用逗号隔开 eq \x(运用4) ①Dad is forty years old. ②Jim got a new bike, ． ③I can’t swim, ． 辨析5　asleep / sleepy / sleep asleep 形容词，常用作表语，意为“睡着的；熟睡的” sleepy 形容词，用作表语是“欲睡的；困乏的”的意思；用作定语是“贪睡的；安静的”意思 sleep 只用作动词(睡，睡觉)和名词(睡眠) eq \x(运用5) ①The baby is still ．She isn't awake. ②You need at least six hours' at night. ③Although I stayed up too late last night, I didn't feel at all. ④I find it hard to get to ． 辨析6　beautiful / pretty / good looking / handsome beautiful 运用范围最广，可指人，也可指景物、衣服、天气等 pretty 只用于小孩，妇女或静止细小的物品等，语气较弱 good looking 意为“形貌好看的”，可指男性或女性，语气较弱 handsome 意为“长相英俊的”，主要指男性 eq \x(运用6) ①I was attracted by the beach. ②She is a woman. ③She was not exactly ． ④He was young and ． 辨析7　big / large / great big 可以指范围、面积、体积、重量等方面，口语中较常用 large 侧重于体积、容积和数量等，其反义词是small。比较正式，不常用来指人。表示物时，可与big通用 great 通常侧重于抽象的东西，常带有主观色彩，也可以修饰人或物，用来指人时，表示“伟大的；杰出的”意思 eq \x(运用7) ①There is a tree in front of the home. ②They have a farm. ③China is a country with a long history. 辨析8　high / tall high 常用词，指物“高的”，不能指人 tall 意为“高的”，指人、树、动物的“高” eq \x(运用8) ①How the tree is! ②The price of this kind of computer is too ． 辨析9　real / true real 意思是“真的；实在的”，用来表示客观存在而不是想象或虚构的，如实情、实例、实物等 true 意思是“真的”，指某种事实、故事、消息、朋友、爱情等是真的，不是假的或错的 eq \x(运用9) ①Are those flowers? ②It was love between them. 辨析10　already / yet / still already 意为“已经”，通常用于陈述句；用于疑问句时表示惊异、怀疑；不用于否定句 yet 意为“尚(未)；仍然”，常用于否定句和疑问句 still 表示“仍然，还”，用于陈述句中 eq \x(运用10) ①She's learning to read. ②Alex has gone. ③They haven't finished ． 辨析11　wake / awake wake 动词，“醒来”。常用词组：wake up(醒来) awake 形容词，“醒着的”。常用词组：be awake(醒着的) eq \x(运用11) ①I always early in the summer. ②The noise kept him ． 辨析12　die / death / dead / dying die 动词，意为“死”。常用词组有die of(由于情感、饥寒、疾病等内部原因而死)；die from(由于受伤、交通事故等外部原因而死)；die for(表示为了什么目的而死) death 名词，意为“死亡” dead 形容词，意为“死的” dying 形容词，意为“将死的” eq \x(运用12) ①His was totally unexpected. ②Urgh! There's a fly in my coffee! ③How did he ? Was it poison? ④She knew she was ． 辨析13　pleased / pleasant / pleasure pleased 形容词，“感到高兴的”。常用词组：be pleased with(对……感到高兴/满意) pleasant 形容词，“令人愉快的”。如：a pleasant holiday(一个愉快的假期) pleasure 名词，“愉快；娱乐”。常用词组：with pleasure(十分乐意) eq \x(运用13) ①The house has a outlook over the valley. ②Are you with the result? ③Watching TV is our only ． 辨析14　surprise / surprised / surprising surprise 作名词时，表示“惊奇”。常用词组：in surprise(惊奇地)；to one's surprise(使某人惊奇的是)。作动词时，表示“使……惊奇” surprised 形容词，“感到惊奇的”。常用词组：be surprised at sth. /be surprised to do sth.(对某事感到惊讶/惊讶于做某事) surprising 形容词，“令人惊奇的” eq \x(运用14) ①She looked up in ． ②The news me. ③This is nothing to be at. 辨析15　ago / before ago 只与一般过去时连用，ago前通常要有表示时间的词 before 常与现在完成时或过去(完成)时连用，并且可以作介词，后面接名词或动名词作宾语 eq \x(运用15) ①The letter came a few days ． ②The rain began sunrise. 辨析16　late / lately late 作形容词时，表示“迟的；晚的”；作副词时，表示“(时间上)接近终了；迟地” lately 作副词，意为“最近；近来” eq \x(运用16) ①She's again. ②We went to bed very ． ③I've been feeling under stress ． 辨析17　instead / instead of instead 意为“替代；反而”，只能单独使用，常位于句首或句尾 instead of 和instead 意义相同，后面要接名词、动名词、代词或介词短语等 eq \x(运用17) ①Now I can walk to work going by car. ②Why couldn't you just forget about dieting(节食) and eat normally . 辨析18　good / well good 形容词，意为“好的” well 作副词时，意为“好地”；作形容词时指“身体健康的”。well 放在动词之后，表达“好地；健康；妥善”等意思，不能放在名词之前修饰一般物品 eq \x(运用18) ①He was very at his work. ②I'm not feeling very ． ③ done. You did great. 辨析19　sometimes / sometime / some time sometimes 意为“有时；往往；不时地” sometime 意为“某个时候”，可指将来，也可指过去 some time 意为“一段时间”，可以是几分钟、几小时、几天，甚至几年 eq \x(运用19) ① I think he dislikes me. ②He remained silent for ． ③Why don't you come and see me ？ 一、单项选择 ( )1.I opened the door and all my friends shouted“Happy Birthday！”I had no idea they were coming.I was so ______． A．interested B．surprised C．interesting D．surprising ( )2.Dressing up as a ghost is ______ unusual in our culture.People think it will bring bad luck. A．hardly B．hard C．highly D．high ( ) 3.—Lucy, I'm poor in English. Could you give me some advice? —You can speak it as ______ as possible. A．much 　B．more 　 C．most D．many ( )4.—As far as I know, the high­speed railway from Shiyan to Xi'an will be finished soon. —Yeah.It will be more ______ for us to travel to Xi'an. A．dangerous B．difficult C．convenient D．traditional ( )5.China is one of ______ countries in the world.We are all proud of it. A．older B．the older C．oldest D．the oldest ( )6.—The old man lives ______ so he may feel ______． —We should visit him twice a month. A．alone；lonely B．lonely；alone C．alone；alone D．lonely；lonely ( )7.Cathy checked her paper ______so that she could get good grades this time. A．careful enough B．carefully enough C．enough carefully D．enough careful 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the (clever). 2. Gold is (little) useful than iron(铁). 3. My sister is two years (old) than I. 4. John's parents have four daughters, and she is the (young) child. 5. The (cheap) bags are usually not the best ones. 6．The short one is by far (expensive) of the five. 7. The boy is not so (interesting) as his brother. 8. Linda sings (well), and she sings (well) than John, but Mary sings .(well) in her class. 9. She will be much (happy) in her new house. 10. The weather this summer is as (bad) as last year. 三、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的形容词、副词或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Two teachers were sitting in the teachers' room. For a long time they kept 1. (silence). Then one of them, Miss Smith said, “I'm upset I'd have to fail him！” “Now Alice，”2. (say) her friend, Mrs. Jackson. “Is he a very 3. (terribly) student？” “That's just the trouble！” the other woman answered. “Tom was ever my 4. (good) student. The problem is that he is so lazy that he never gets his work done. He hasn't handed me a piece of homework for three weeks.” Mrs. Jackson had never seen Miss Smith look so 5. (worry) before. “Have you had a word with him about it？” she asked. “Why should I? He knows he has to get ready for his lessons and do his homework. I made that very 6. (clearly) on the first day for class. I don't know what has happened. When the lessons started he did so 7. (good) that I even thought about asking the school to give him a scholarship(奖学金). But he has changed. He even fell 8. (sleep) in class! I've never seen such a change in a student.” “You should have a talk with him. Give him a chance to tell his idea，” said Mrs. Jackson. Miss Smith spoke to Tom and learned all about it. He was studying all day and working most of the night in a factory to pay for his schooling. Of course he was 9. (tire) and sometimes could hardly keep awake in class. Miss Smith soon made the school give Tom a scholarship and he was able to work hard at his lessons. Tom is even 10. (hard­working) than before. $$