第7讲 动词和动词短语 2025年中考英语语法专题复习课件（外研版）

动词和动词短语 栏 目 导 航 语法过关 考点讲练 好题演练 素养提升 实义动词（行为动词） B B B explain deal with 连系动词 C tastes getting popular keep healthy seem to 助动词 B Does care repair have lived 情态动词 B B A B share 动词短语及辨析 leave forget lose heard of heard listens to sounds beat won beat hit lend keep borrowed get to reach arrive talk speak Tell say cost spend takes pay am used to be used to do used to think of think about think over brought take fetch carry wears put on dressed fix repaired hurt injured/hurt was wounded got married have been married married happened took place joined take part in attended B B D D B D locked Have clean will send can’t Does have to are making to talk have loved gives jumped must save will help cleaning keeping was saved 动词是用来表示主语做什么(即行为动词)，或表示主语是什么或怎么样(即状态动词)的词。根据含义和其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类：实义动词、连系动词、助动词、情态动词。 种类 含义 举例 ①实义动词 实义动词(行为动词)是表示行为、动作或状态的词，它的词义完整，可以单独作谓语 buy，eat，like，see，have，find ②连系动词 连系动词是表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词，后面接表语(表明主语的身份、状态、性质等) be，look，sound，feel，taste，get，turn，become 种类 含义 举例 ③助动词 助动词本身无词义，不能单独作谓语，只能与实义动词一起构成谓语，帮助动词表达不同的时态、语态或句子的否定和疑问 do，shall，be(构成进行时，被动语态)，have(构成完成时)，will ④情态动词 情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，表示“可能”、“应当”、“必要”等含义，但其本身词义不完全，不能独立作谓语，必须和动词原形连用 can，must，may，need，should 实义动词也叫行为动词，有完整意义，表示动作、行为、状态等，可独立做谓语。 实义动词根据其句法作用，可分为及物动词和不及物动词。 及物动词 后面必须加宾语 He bought a book yesterday. 不及物 动词 后面不加宾语；若不及物动词后面要加宾语，必须先加介词再接宾语 Horses run fast. I arrive at school very early every day. 动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。 延续性 动词 表示动作的可持续性，可以和表示一段时间的状语连用 如：live/stay/study/work/keep/teach等。 如：We have lived in China since 2001. You can keep the book for two weeks. 非延续 性动词 表示瞬间动作，动作一经发生立即结束 如：buy/lend/borrow/die/begin/stop/finish/arrive/join/go/come/catch等。如：The film has begun. ( )1.When autumn comes，leaves start to ______ from the trees. A．grow B．fall C．appear D．come ( )2.He is so honest a man that we all ______ him. A．teach　　 B．trust　　 C．refuse D．keep ( )3.Zhang Hua，our monitor，is organized and thoughtful enough to ______ time well. A．reduce B．manage C．control D．influence You had better ________ (解释) it to our teacher, not to me. 5. Miss Wang taught her students how to ____________(处理) pressure. 连系动词后面一般跟名词、形容词等，说明主语的性质、特征、状态、身份、变化和结果等，用在“主语＋系动词＋表语”句型结构中，起到“连系”主语和表语的作用。 常见连系动词分类及用法 分类 常用词 例句 ①be be(是……) I am a student in Grade 9. ②感官类 look(看起来)　smell(闻起来) taste(尝起来)　sound(听起来) feel(摸起来) That sounds good. The sour fish soup tastes delicious. 分类 常用词 例句 ③表象类 seem(似乎，好像)　 appear(表现) She appeared very confident on the stage. ④持续类 持续：remain/keep/stay The three men remained silent. ⑤变化类 变得，变成：turn/become/get/grow/go She became a college student. ⑥结果 证明类 prove(证明)　 turn out(结果是) All the reports proved to be true. ( )1.—Daniel，try this strawberry cake. —It ______ delicious.I'd like to have some more. A．smells B．feels C．tastes D．looks 2．Although all the food _______ (taste)good, we should eat less to keep fit. 3．广场舞正逐渐受大妈们的欢迎。 Square dancing is ___________________ among the elderly aunt. 4．你能告诉我一些保持健康的建议吗？ Can you tell me some tips on how to __________________? 5．他的话似乎没道理。 His words didn't _______________ make sense. 助动词本身无词义，不能单独作谓语，只能与实义动词一起构成谓语，帮助动词表达不同的时态、语态或句子的否定和疑问，有人称、数和时态的变化。 助动词 用法 例句 do (does, did) 用来构成疑问句、否定句、强调句 Do you live in Beijing？(构成疑问句) I don't like ice­cream. (构成否定句) Do come please. (构成强调句) be(am, is, are, was, were, being) 用来构成进行时态和被动语态 They are playing basketball on the playground. (be＋doing构成现在进行时) Tea was discovered in China 5，000 years ago. (be＋done构成被动语态) 助动词 用法 例句 shall/will (would) 用来构成将来时态；shall用于第一人称(I/we) Shall we go shopping this afternoon? They will come to Changsha next month. have (has, had) 用来构成完成时态 We have learned English for 5 years. ( ) 1.—Sam，______ run in the hallways. It's very dangerous. —Sorry, Ms.Black. A．do B．don't C．not D．doesn't 2． Mike about you when you are sad? (care) 3．Jack's bike went wrong and he will_________(修理) it this afternoon. 4. 我在澳大利亚生活了三年。(live) I in Australia for three years. 情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，表示“可能；应当；必要”等含义，但其本身词义不完全，不能独立作谓语，必须和动词原形连用。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。其否定形式一般是在情态动词后加not。 1. 情态动词的用法 (1)can与could can 意为“能，会”，表示能力或允许 Sam can speak English. You can borrow this book. could 意为“可以”，表示请求或推测，此时不作为can的过去式，而是语气比can更委婉的情态动词，可能性比can小，否定式为can't The book could be Alice's. The book can't be Alice's. (2)have to与must have to “不得不”，表示客观条件使人必须做某事 It's raining. I have to stay at home. must ①“必须”，表示人的主观看法 You must finish your homework. ②“肯定”，表示有把握的推测,否定式为mustn't，表示禁止 You must be very tired. You mustn’t enter into the room. (3)may与might may ①“可以”表示请求或许可 You may sit here. ②用在祈使句句首表示祝愿 May you succeed! ③“可能”，表示肯定的推测，否定式为may not She may be right. might “可能”，可能性比may小；或表示对过去事情的揣测 He might come tomorrow. He might go abroad yesterday. (4)should与shall should ①“应该”，表示要求或建议 We should keep clean. ②表示询问意见，常用于否定句，否定形式为shouldn't —Should we do it？ —We shouldn't. shall ①常用于疑问句表示请求或征求意见，常用于第一人称和第三人称 Shall we go? ②陈述句中表示命令、允诺、告诫、规定等，常用于第二、三人称 You shall not do it. Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow. ③陈述句中还可表示决心，只用于第一人称 I shall lose weight. (5)will与would will ①在疑问句中表示询问、请求。 ②在肯定句中表示意愿、自愿做某事 ①Will you have a little soup? ②I will finish my homework in two hours. would 表示自愿做某事，would语气比will委婉 Jane said she would not go out with Tom. (6)need need ①“需要”，主要用于否定句和疑问句中 You needn't(没必要) say sorry to him. —Need I clean the classroom now? —Yes, you must./No, you needn't/don't have to. ②need可作实义动词，常用搭配为 need to do sth. We need to study hard. (7)had better had better 表示建议或劝告，后面接动词原形 had better (not) do sth.表示“最好（不）做某事” You had better have breakfast. 2. 情态动词表推测 (1)在肯定句中一般用must(一定)，could(可能)，may/might(或许，也许)。语气由强到弱排序为：must→could→may→might。 (2)在否定句中一般用can't(一定不，不可能)，couldn't(不可能)，may not/might not(可能不)。语气由强到弱排序为：can't→couldn't→may not→might not。 (3)在疑问句中用can/could(可能)。 —Can(Could) the book belong to Helen? —No, it can't. Lucy's name is on it. It must be Lucy's. ( )1.—Is that boy in a white shirt over there Leo? —No, it ______ be him.He has gone to Kunming. A．must　　 B．can't　　 C．might　　 D．could ( )2.—You ______ take the subway to the airport, for I can drive you there directly. —That's very kind of you. A．can't B．needn't C．mustn't D．shouldn't ( )3.The toy truck ______ belong to Lane's little brother.He was the only little kid at the picnic. A．must　　 B．can't 　　 C．could　　 D．couldn’t ( )4.Earthquakes can be very dangerous.We ______ learn to protect ourselves. A．might B．should C．could D．would 5．In my opinion，good friends should ______(share) happiness or sadness with each other. 1. 动词短语的结构 常见分类 举例 ①动词＋介词 ask for/care about/look for/look after/laugh at/hear of/lead to等 如：He is too young to look after his little sister. ②动词＋名词 have fun/play sports/take place等,这类动词短语用法类似于不及物动词。如：This story took place four years ago. 常见分类 举例 ③动词＋副词 take off/write down/hand in/fix up等,如果宾语是名词，可以放在副词前边或后边；如果宾语是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。如：Hand in your homework./You must finish your homework and hand it in today. ④动词＋副词＋介词 look down upon/go on with/add up to/run out of/do well in等 如：The company runs out of money. ⑤动词＋名词＋介词 take care of/pay attention to等 如：All students should pay attention to listening to their teachers in class. 动词短语辨析 辨析1　forget / leave / lose forget 指“忘记” leave 指“把某物遗忘或遗留在某地” lose 指“失去；丢失” eq \x(运用1) ①I don't want to ________ anything behind. ②Let's __________ the whole thing. ③His illness caused him to ______ his memory. 辨析2　hear / hear of / listen / sound hear 指“听见；听到”，强调结果。后面可以跟人称代词，指听到某人的声音，也可以跟从句 hear of 指“听说” listen 不及物动词，需要加介词to才能跟宾语，表示听的动作或过程 sound 指“听起来”，可作连系动词 eq \x(运用2) ①I have never ___________ such a thing! ②I ________ a strange sound last night. ③She often ___________ the radio. ④His explanation ________ reasonable. 辨析3　hit / beat hit 指“有目标地打；击中” beat 指“殴打；连续地打” eq \x(运用3) ①The rain ______ against the windows. ②I was ______ by a falling stone. 辨析4　beat / win beat “在(比赛或竞争中)赢，打败(某人)”，后接运动员、球队和对手等 win “获胜；赢得”，后接a game/a war/a watch/a prize等 eq \x(运用4) ①I always ______ him at chess. ②Which team ______ the football match? 辨析5　lend / borrow / keep lend 短暂性动词，“借出”。常用短语 lend sth. to sb. borrow 短暂性动词，“借入”。常用短语 borrow sth.from sb. keep 持续性动词“保存；借”，表示“长时间的借” eq \x(运用5) ①Could you ______ your bike to me? ②How long can we ______ the book? ③I __________ a book from the school library yesterday. 辨析6　reach / arrive / get to reach 及物动词，后直接加地点名词作宾语 arrive 不及物动词，要先加介词in(用于范围较大的地区)或at(用于范围较小的地区)才能加地点名词 get to 常用于口语 eq \x(运用6) ①It was so crowded that I couldn't ________ the bar(柜台). ②They didn't _______ the border until after dark. ③She'll _________ in New York at noon. 辨析7　speak / say / talk / tell speak 指掌握或使用一门语言，不强调说话内容 say 一般作及物动词，着重指说话内容，后常接直接或间接引语 talk 指和人交流或连续地说话。有时也作名词，指“交谈；谈判；演讲”等 tell 指“告诉；讲述；吩咐” eq \x(运用7) ①You can ________ frankly(直率地) to me. ②Does she ________ French? ③________ me what really happened. ④Could you ________ it again, please? 辨析8　spend / cost / take / pay spend 主语是人，指“某人花费多少钱购买某物”或“某人花费了多少时间” cost 主语是物，指“某物需要花费多少钱”或“做某事需要多少时间”；作名词时指“费用；成本；代价”等 take 用于指“某事需要多少时间”，主语常是it pay 指“支付”，主语是人，有被动语态 eq \x(运用8) ①It'll ________ at least 500 dollars. ②I ________ too much time watching television. ③It ________ time to photograph wildlife. ④I'll ________ you back next week. 辨析9　used to do/be used to doing/be used to do used to do “过去常常做某事” be used to doing “习惯做某事”，to 为介词，后加动词ing形式 be used to do “被用于做某事”，to do为不定式表目的 eq \x(运用9) ①I ______________ getting up early. ②Computers can ______________ a lot of work now. ③Lizzie __________ play the violin. 辨析10　think of / think about / think over think of “想起；认为；思考” think about “考虑”，宾语it或them放在介词后 think over “仔细考虑；重新考虑”，宾语it或them放在中间，一般指考虑问题 eq \x(运用10) ①I ___________ this place as my home. ②I prefer not to ______________ it. ③You may ______________ your own plan. 辨析11　bring / take / fetch / carry bring 指“从别处把某人或某物带来或拿来”(由远而近) take 指“把某人或某物带走或拿走”(由近而远) fetch 指“到别处去把某人或某物带来或拿来”(由近而远，再由远而近，指往返动作) carry 指“随身携带；运送”，又含有“负担”的意思 eq \x(运用11) ①He ________ a new book with him. ②Please _______ the letter to the post office. ③Mary has gone to ________ water. ④Let me ________ the box for you. 辨析12　dress / put on / wear dress 指穿衣动作，后面可接宾语，也可不接宾语；如果接宾语，则主语必须是人，不是衣服 put on 指穿衣动作，宾语必须是服装 wear 指穿衣服的状态，也可指戴着 eq \x(运用12) ①She often ________ a white blouse and a red skirt. ②He ________ his raincoat before he went out. ③The boy ________ himself quickly. 辨析13　fix / repair fix 指“修理；组装”，只把损坏的或不能正常工作的东西修复到正常 repair 指修理构造较复杂的或损坏较严重的东西 eq \x(运用13) ①My elder brother often helps others ________ computers. ②I'm going to have my watch __________ this Sunday. 辨析14　hurt / injure / wound hurt 表示“伤害”，是普通用语，既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上、感情上的伤害 injure 比 hurt 正式，多指损害健康、成就、容貌等，强调功能的损失 wound 多指枪伤、刀伤等肉体之伤，指出血的、较为严重的伤 eq \x(运用14) ①I didn't mean to ________ you. ②One of the players ________________ his knee and had to be carried off. ③The soldier ________________ in the arm. 辨析15　get married / be married / marry get married “结婚”，表示短暂的动作，不能与how long及for, since引导的时间状语连用 be married 常用于婚姻状况，married表示状态 marry 在表示“与某人结婚时”只能用marry sb.把某人嫁给某人则用marry sb. to sb. eq \x(运用15) ①They ________________ last year. ②They ____________________ for three years. ③Tom __________ Rose on January 1, 1994. 辨析16　happen / take place happen 指“一切客观情况、偶然情况或未能预见的事情的发生” take place 指“事先计划或预想到的事情的发生” eq \x(运用16) ①What __________ to him yesterday? ②The meeting ____________ at 8：00 yesterday evening. 辨析17　happen / take place join 侧重于加入某种党派、组织和团体等，并成为其中的一员 take part in 指“参加某一种活动”并在其中起到积极作用 attend 指“出席；到场；上课”等，不强调是否发挥积极作用 eq \x(运用17) ①He ______ the tennis club yesterday. ②Did you ______________ the sports meeting? ③Who __________ the meeting just now？ 一、单项选择 ( )1.—Will Mr.Li come to the party? —Yes.He ______ my invitation happily. A．reached B．accepted C．achieved D．expressed ( )2.The scarf ______ soft.I like it very much. tastes　　 B．feels　　 C．sounds　　 D．looks ( )3.The new app about fashion is really free and you______ pay money for it. A．may B．must C．shouldn't D．needn't ( )4.—How do you usually go to Wuhan from here? —By high­speed train.It ______ me only 20 minutes to get there. A．spends B．pays C．loses D．takes ( )5.Paper cut­outs of “double happiness”are often ______ in the married couple's home to bring good wishes. A．put back B．put up C．put on D．put off ( )6.Most neighbors ______ the habit of square dancing to create a quieter environment for us. A．get into B．care about C．carry on D．give up 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．______ you ever _______(lock) your keys in the house? 2．His mother often makes him _____(clean) his room on weekends. 3．I _______ (send) you an email to discuss the problem tomorrow. 4．Tom _____(can) come to my party because he is ill. 5．______ she _______(have) cross the bridge? 三、阅读下面短文，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空(必要时可加情态动词或助动词) “Alex！Jen！It's time for dinner！” Mom called. “Mom！We 1.____________(make) a treehouse！Wait a minute！” Alex shouted. At dinner，Dad said，“We have something to tell you. Our neighbor, Mr. Morris, came to our house 2.___________(talk) to us today. He wants us to cut down our tree because the leaves fall into his yard.Then he has to clean them.” “No！That's our favorite tree. I 3.____________(love) it ever since I was just a little baby！” Jen cried. “Yeah，and the tree is old and beautiful. It helps keep our air clean. It also 4.______(give) us shade(树阴) from the sun，”Alex said. Everybody had special memories of the tree.They all shared their favorite ones. “One of my favorite memories is how excited you were when the leaves began to fall，”said Mom.“We 5._________(jump) into the huge piles(堆) of colorful leaves every autumn，”said Alex.Jen nodded. “I remember the time we had a picnic with the whole neighborhood，”said Dad.“It was so nice.” “It's brought us all so many great memories.Something must be done.” Mom said. “Yes，” said Jen.“We 6._____________(save) our tree！” After dinner the whole family discussed what to do. “I have a good idea！”said Alex.“I can make a chart showing him when leaves fall.And we can promise him that we 7.____________(help) clean the leaves in the future！” Everyone agreed.The next day，the whole family went to visit Mr. Morris. At that time，he was 8.____________(clean) the yard. “Mr. Morris, this tree is very special to our family.If we offer to help clean its leaves，would you consider 9.___________(keep) it？” Dad said. Alex handed Mr. Morris his chart. Mr. Morris was quiet for a moment, then he said，“I guess if the tree is so important to you all and I can get some help with cleaning, the tree can stay.” The tree 10._____________(save)！Everyone in the neighborhood，even Mr. Morris，came to celebrate. $$