语法八　构词法 2025年中考英语语法专题探究（广西）

考点精讲 试题精练 链接中考 语法八　构词法 第2部分　语法专题探究 考点精讲 返回目录 1. 合成法 由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词，这种构词法叫作合成法。 类别 例子 复合名词 afternoon, grandfather, classmate, blackboard, newspaper, airplane 复合动词 underline(在……下画线), upset(使烦恼), sleepwalk(梦游), overcome 复合形容词 hard-working, warm-hearted, good-looking, worldwide, middle-aged 复合副词 however, whenever, somewhere, anywhere, downstairs, maybe 复合代词 everything, nobody, anyone, herself 返回目录 语法八　构词法 2. 派生法 在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新词，这种构词法叫作派生法。加在单词前的词缀叫前缀，加在单词后的词缀叫后缀。 (1)常见前缀(前缀一般只改变单词词义而不改变其词性) 前缀 意义 例子 un-， dis-， il-， im-， in-， non- “不，非”， 表示否定 unhappy, uncomfortable, discover(2024.27), disagree, dishonest, disadvantage, illegal(非法的), impossible, impolite, incorrect, inexpensive, non-smoking 返回目录 语法八　构词法 前缀 意义 例子 mis- 表示“错误” misunderstand(误解), mislead(误导), mistake inter- 表示“相互，在……之间” interview, international, Internet re- 表示“再，重新” rewrite, return, review, retell(复述) pre- 表示“在……之前” preschool(幼儿园), preview(预习) 返回目录 语法八　构词法 前缀 意义 例子 mini- 表示“小” minibus, miniskirt, minicomputer super- 表示“超……” superhero, superstar, superman, supermarket bi- 表示“两个，双边的” bicycle, bilingual(双语的) tele- 表示“远” telephone, television, telescope(望远镜) 返回目录 语法八　构词法 (2)常见后缀(后缀一般只改变单词词性而不改变其词义) 作用 后缀 意义 例子 构成 名词 -or, -er 表示“从事某种职业的人” visitor, actor, writer(2023.34), singer(2023.34) -ess 表示“女……，雌……” actress, waitress -ist 表示“从事某活动的人” artist, scientist, tourist -ese 表示“……国的(人/语言)” Chinese, Japanese 返回目录 语法八　构词法 作用 后缀 意义 例子 构成 名词 -ion, -tion, -sion 表示“行为；状态” pollution(2024.48), invention(2024.48), invitation, pronunciation, competition, decision -ship 表示“品质，性质，关系，身份” leadership(领导；领导才能), friendship, relationship -ment 表示“……的行为 (或结果)” argument, development, agreement 返回目录 语法八　构词法 作用 后缀 意义 例子 构成 名词 -th 构成抽象名词 truth, warmth, wealth -y, -ty, -ity 构成抽象名词 difficulty, safety, ability, reality -ness 构成抽象名词， 表示“……的性质或状态” kindness, illness, happiness 构成 形容词 -ful 表示“有……性质的，充满……的” harmful(2024.46), helpful(2024.46), useful -y 表示“有……特性的” lucky, healthy, cloudy 返回目录 语法八　构词法 作用 后缀 意义 例子 构成 形容词 -ish 表示“带有……特征的” foolish(愚蠢的), childish(孩子气的；幼稚的) -ous 表示“具有……性质的；充满……” nervous(2024.51), humorous, dangerous -en 表示“由……制成的” wooden(木制的), golden(金质的) -ing 表示“使……的” (主语常为物) boring, exciting, interesting, relaxing, surprising 返回目录 语法八　构词法 作用 后缀 意义 例子 构成 形容词 -ed 表示“有……特征的，以……为特征的”(主语常为人) bored(2024.51), excited, interested, relaxed, surprised -al 表示“与……有关的” traditional, natural, personal -able 表示“(能够)……的；具有……性质的” valuable, comfortable, unforgettable -less 表示“没有；无” selfless(无私的), careless, useless -ive, -itive 表示“……倾向的；有……性质的” active, creative, sensitive(2023.73)(敏感的), competitive(有竞争力的) 返回目录 语法八　构词法 作用 后缀 意义 例子 构成 副词 -ly 表示“……地” carefully(2024.47), badly(2024.47), quietly (2024.84), actively(2023.55), angrily(2023.55), proudly(2023.76) 【注意】friendly, lovely, lively, lonely这四个单词虽以-ly结尾，但却是形容词。 返回目录 语法八　构词法 3. 转化法 一个单词由一种词类转换为另一种词类，这种构词法叫作转化法。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切。 类别 例子 名词转化为动词 show n．展览；展示→ v．表演；展出　hand n．手→ v．交给　 water n．水→ v．浇水 动词转化为名词 walk v．散步→ n．散步　look v．看→ n．相貌　try v．尝试(做)；努力→ n．尝试；努力 形容词转化为名词 back adj.后面的→ n．背部；后面　light adj.明亮的→ n．灯　black adj.黑色的→ n．黑色 形容词转化为动词 slow adj.慢的→ v．(使)放慢速度　clean adj.干净的→ v．使……干净 返回目录 语法八　构词法 链接中考 返回目录 构词法在选词填空中的应用 选词填空题要求考生从方框中选择恰当的单词并用其正确形式填空，其中单词的变形有可能涉及其派生变化。 visit　they　big　table　introduce (2022柳州83题选词填空节选)People will serve their 83. _________ at home with tea, fruits and snakes． 解析：根据“serve their… at home with tea, fruits and snakes”可知，空格处需填名词。结合备选词可知，visit的名词形式visitor符合语境，考虑到空格处前为their，visitor需要变复数。故填visitors。 返回目录 语法八　构词法 试题精练 返回目录 一、单项选择 1. If you treat everyone with kindness and ________， you will feel happy. A．warm B．warmly C．warmth 2. My brother has healthy living habits. He ________ gets up at 7 am and never stays up late. A．usual B．unusual C．usually 返回目录 语法八　构词法 3. (2024自贡)—Billy used to be shy and quiet, but he is very outgoing now. —Yes. We are all ________ at his changes. A．surprise B．surprised C．surprising 4. —What’s wrong, Peter? —The bad smell makes me ________. Let’s go out of here right now. A．comfortable B．uncomfortable C．comfortably 5. —I can’t believe it. Tony has invented a tree watering machine. —Really? He is so ________． A．create B．creative C．creativity 返回目录 语法八　构词法 二、选词填空基础练 science　danger　use　value　tradition develop　slow　noise　national　possible 1. It’s too ________ here! Let’s go to a quiet place to relax. 2. English is an ________________ language and it is widely used in many countries. 3. (2024天津改编)The teacher speaks _________ and carefully so that we can understand her better. noisy　 international　 slowly　 返回目录 语法八　构词法 4. (2024连云港改编)Yuan Longping, one of the greatest ____________， won respect all over the world. 5. The task is so difficult that it’s _____________ for me to finish it in one day and I still need more time. 6. (2024白银改编)The road is very ____________ after the heavy rain. Drivers are warned to drive carefully to avoid accidents. 7. The successful landing of Chang’e-6 on the back of the moon marks(标志) the ______________ of China’s space research. scientists　 impossible　 dangerous　 development　 返回目录 语法八　构词法 8. Mamianqun is a kind of ______________ Chinese skirt. It started in the Song Dynasty and has a history of more than 1,000 years. 9. The young mother takes many photos of her baby’s daily activities in order to keep these ___________ moments forever. 10. (2024连云港)The past can never be changed and it is __________ to worry about the future. Why not enjoy the present? traditional　 valuable　 useless　 返回目录 语法八　构词法 三、选词填空(主题：人与自我·“20页阅读法”带来的改变　难度：★★★★　用时：7分钟) 根据语篇内容，从方框中选择恰当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。每个单词只能用一次。 him　agree　teach　worry　help　strict　decide　safe　happy　interest As a child, I was quite active. My mom 1. _______ about me a lot because I was always running around and getting hurt almost every day. A neighbor advised me to learn to swim. I liked the idea, but my mom 2. __________. A few years ago, I almost lost my life in a river. She was nervous about my 3. _________． worried　 disagreed　 safety　 返回目录 语法八　构词法 Finally, my mom made a(n) 4. ___________ to deal with my problem with books. Every day, I was 5. ___________ asked to sit on a chair and read for an hour. At first, I hated it and cried a lot. Then my uncle, a school 6. __________ with rich teaching experience, brought me many books and told me to read the first twenty pages of a book. If I was still bored after that, I could put it down and pick up another. decision　 strictly　 teacher　 返回目录 语法八　构词法 $$