Unit 5 Languages Around the World Words and Expressions 单词讲解课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD (Words and Expressions) UNIT 5 1. billion /ˈbɪljən/  n.十亿 million 百万 trillion 万亿; 兆 二十亿人 two billion people 数十亿人 billions of people 2.native /ˈneɪtɪv/ adj.出生地的；本地的；土著的 n.本地人 be a native of... 出生于…的人；生长于…的动物或植物 be native to 原产于 native country/land/language 祖国 故乡 母语 ①The giant panda is native ______ China. ②Her uncle is a native______ Shanghai. to of 2 3. attitude /ˈætɪtju:d/ n.态度；看法 你应该对每件事情都持积极的态度。 You should have a positive attitude to/towards everything. 我们应该培养积极的人生态度。 We should develop a positive attitude to life. 俗话说，态度决定高度。 As the saying goes, attitude determines altitude. positive/negative attitude 积极态度/消极态度 have/show/take/develop a(n)...attitude to/towards... 对…持/采取/培养…的态度 3 5. refer /rɪˈfəː/ vi.提到；参考；查询 vt.查阅；叫…求助于 6. refer to 提及；查阅；参考；指的是 What does the underlined word refer to in the 3rd para.?_________ I promised not to refer to the matter again.________ When you meet a new word, you can refer to the dictionary._______ As far as I know, she always refers to Ben as “that nice man”. _______ 指的是 提及 查阅参考 把…称作 -referred-referred-referring refer to ... as... 把…称作… refer to one’s notes 查阅笔记 be referred as 被称为 4. reference /ˈrefrəns / n.指称关系；参考  reference to 提及 make reference to 提及 in/with reference to (所述内容)关于 reference books 参考书 单句填空 ①I have nothing to say in 　　　　　　　(refer) to that incident.  ③Tradition also refers 　　　　　the things that have been developing and that are still being created.  reference　 to　 5 7. system /ˈsɪstəm/ n.体系；制度；系统 educational system 教育制度 systematic adj. 制度的 8.despite/dɪˈspaɪt/  prep. 即使；尽管 其后接名词、代词或动词-ing，不能接从句 =in spite of 尽管/虽然 ≠ though / although despite the fact that = though / although Despite (apply) for hundreds of jobs, he is still out of work. applying Though for hundreds of jobs, he is still out of work. he has applied 7 相似结构短语积累： back and forth 来回地, the pros and cons 赞成和反对的论据 here and there 各处，到处 on and off 断断续续地 dos and don’ts 可做和不可做的事情 9. ups and downs 8 10.factor /ˈfæktə(r)/ n. 因素；要素 fact 事实 in fact 事实上 the key factor 关键因素 11.base/beɪs/ vt. 以…为据点;以…为基础 n. 底部;总部,基地 12.based /beɪst/ adj. 以(某事)为基础的 basic adj. 基本的；基础的 basically adv. 基本上；总的说来 basis /ˈbeɪsɪs/ n.基础 on the basis of 在…基础上，根据 vt. [搭配] base sth. on/upon sth. = be based on/upon 以……为基础 base sth. in 将......设在......；以.......为据点 n. [搭配] at the base of 在......基础上 have a broad base 有广泛的基础 10 ①One should always base his opinion ________ facts. ②They have to have a ________ (base) understanding of computers in order to use the technology. ③They found the plane ________ the base of the mountain. ④The film is based on a true story, and it is very popular.(非谓语形式) →__________ a true story, the film is very popular. 5. (base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later. on basic at Based on Basing 13.date back (to ...) 追溯到 date back + 时间段 date back to + 时间点＝date from... 追溯到 没有进行时态和被动语态。常用现在分词作定语或状语。 The art of paper­cutting in China may date back to the second century. 中国的剪纸艺术可以追溯到公元二世纪。 out of date 过时的 up to date 最新的 最近的 date sb.=make a date with sb. 跟…约会 This temple has a long history _______ (date) back to the early period of the Tang Dynasty. dating 12 14. bone / bəʊn /  n.骨头 15. shell /ʃel /  n.壳；壳状物 to the bone 到极点，彻骨的 boney adj. 瘦骨嶙峋的/多刺的 shelled adj. 带壳的 13 16.symbol /ˈsɪmbl/  n. 符号；象征 The cross is the symbol of Christianity. 十字架是基督教的象征。 a/the symbol of ... …的象征 symbolize v. 象征；使用符号 symbolic adj. 象征性的 14 17. carve/ kɑ:v/  vt. & vi 雕刻 18. dynasty /ˈdɪnəsti/ n.王朝；朝代 The Tang dynasty made Chang’an its capital. 唐代建都长安。 19. variety /vəˈraɪəti/ n. (植物,语言等的)变体;异体;多样化 a variety of= varieties of = various adj. 各种各样的 各种各样的… A wide variety of flowers were on show in the street. 街上陈列着各种各样的花。 vary vt.& vi. 使多样化；改变；变化 [搭配] vary from... to... 从…到…不等；在…到…间变动 vary with 随...而变化 vary in 在…方面不同 Her mood varied from day ____ day. Prices of goods usually vary _____ seasons. to with 16 vary v. (彼此)相异, (根据情况)变化 (p.p./p.t. ____________; -s ____________; v-ing _______________) varied varies varying varied adj. ____________ (强调不同) __________ n. 差异，变化 _________ n. 变体 various adj. ____________ (强调多种) _________ n. ((plural) __________) [U]多样性[C]种类 *variable adj. 可变的，多变的 (强调可能性) [C] 变量；可变因素 各不相同的 variation variant 多种多样的 variety varieties 20.major/ˈmeɪdʒə(r)/  adj.主要的; n.主修课程;vi.主修;专门研究 major in v.主修…… I have a gift for language, so I major in English in college. 反：minor adj.次要的 minority n. 少数 a major problem　一个重大问题 a major factor 一个主要因素 majority n. 大多数；大半 the majority of 大多数 in the majority 占多数 The ________ _(major) of students find it hard to learn math. majority 18 21. no matter where, who, what… 不论…;不管…  no matter what/how/where/when…是一个引导让步状语从句的连词结构，意为 “无论(什么、怎样、哪里、何时等）……”，可置于句首、句中和句尾。 无论这兔子跑多快，都无法逃过那大灰狼。 No matter how fast the rabbit ran, it could not escape the big grey wolf. 任何人，无论是谁，都要接受身份检查。 Any person, no matter who they are, must go through an identity check. 不管你说什么，我都要离开。 I’ll leave anyway, no matter what you say. 19 22. dialect /'daɪəlekt/  n.地方话；方言 the local dialect 当地方言 20 23.means /mi:nz/  n.方式；方法；途径 （单复数同形） a means of（doing）sth. （做）某事的方法 by this means 通过这种方式 by no means 一点儿也不，决不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装) by means of... 用…办法；借助… by all means 没问题 当然可以 [同根词] mean vi. 意味着 [搭配] mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 mean to do sth. 意图打算做某事 Missing the bus means waiting for another two hours. 21 means是单复数同形的名词，作主语时，如表单数意义，谓语动词用单数；如表复数意义，谓语动词用复数。 All possible means been tried. Every possible means been tried. have has ①There is no doubt that Wechat is ________ important means of communication. ②Missing the bus means ________ (wait) for another two hours. ③我可以通过教英语来谋生。 I can make a living __________ teaching English. ④所有可能的方法都已经试过了，但没有一种有效。 Every possible means _____________ (try), but none has worked. ＝All possible means ______________ (try), but none has worked. ⑤处境困难时绝对不能放弃。 _____________ can you give up when you are in trouble. an waiting by means of has been tried have been tried By no means 24. classic /ˈklæsɪk/  adj.传统的；最优秀的；典型的  n.经典作品 classical adj.古典的 class n. 班级 classify v. 分类 25 25. regard /rɪˈgɑ:d/  n.尊重;关注  vt.把…视为;看待 regard/consider...as... 认为…是… have a high regard for... 钦佩/敬重… give one's regards to... 代某人向…问候 have no regard for... 将…置之度外 with/in regard to sth. 关于某事 We always regard him as a friend. 我们一直把他看作朋友。 I have a very high regard for him and what he has achieved. 我非常尊重他和他所取得的成就。 regarding prep. 关于；有关 =concerning 26 1) Please give my __________ (regard) to your mother if you see her. 2) He has no regard ________ other people’s feeling. 3) Mountains are regarded ________ spiritual places by many cultures. 4) With regard _______ my favorite Chinese poet. I’d like to introduce Li Bai to you. regards for as to 26. character /'kærəktə(r)/  n.文字;符号;角色;特点 cartoon characters 卡通人物 Chinese characters 汉字 build (up) character 磨炼个性 shape one's character 塑造某人的性格 play a character 扮演角色 out of character 不符合某人的性格 in character 在性格方面（相符） characteristic n. 特点，特征adj.典型的，独特的 We are good friends and we are much alike in character. 我们是好朋友，性格很相似。 28 28. global /'gləʊbəl/  adj.全球的；全世界的 27. calligraphy  /kəˈlɪɡrəfi/  n.书法；书法艺术 global warming 全球变暖 the global economy 全球经济 globe n. 球体；球状物；地球仪 the globe 地球 globally adv. 全球地 Global warming is having great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world. 29 political affairs 政治事件 family affairs 家务事 affair通常指重大事情或事件，多用复数；也可指小事 incident 指历史上重要的事件或日常小事 accident 指事故 matter 常指麻烦事 29. affair /əˈfeər/ n.公共事务；事件；关系 30. appreciate  /əˈpriːʃɪˌeɪt/vt. 欣赏;重视;感激;领会　 vi. 增值 appreciate（one’s）doing sth. 感激（某人）做某事 appreciate＋n./pron./v.-­ing 重视/感激…… I would appreciate it if you could do ... 如果…，我将不胜感激。 appreciation n.欣赏；感激 show/express/ convey one's appreciation to sb for sth. 因为某事向某人表达感激 appreciative adj. 感激的，表示赞赏的 31 ①I'd appreciate ________ if you let me know whether you are free in advance. ②I appreciate __________ (give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago. ③Here I sincerely express my __________ (appreciate) if you could give me some advice on how to learn English. it being given appreciation 31. specific/spəˈsɪfɪk/ adj. 特定的;明确的;具体的 to be specific= specifically speaking 具体地说；说得明确些 be specific to... 对.....是特有的 specifically adv.特意，专门地；具体地，明确地 32. CE (=Common Era) /ˌsi: ˈi:/公元 1. She never gave up and struggled to live an active life. 她永不言弃，努力过着积极的生活。 2. They were struggling for independence. =They were struggling to gain independence. 他们在为争取独立而奋斗。 3. We have struggled against/with this disease for two years. 4. She struggled to her feet. 她挣扎着站起来。 struggle for 为争取…而奋斗 struggle against/with…. 与…作斗争 struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来 33.struggle /ˈstrʌɡl/n. & vi. 斗争；奋斗；搏斗 1) She’s struggling _________(bring) up a family alone. 2) Millions of people are struggling ________ survival. 3) John struggled ____________ cancer for two years. 4) Police said there were no signs of a _________(struggle). to bring for against / with struggle 34.tongue /tʌŋ/ n.舌头；语言 mother tongue 母语 35. point of view观点；看法 在我看来： in my view/opinion=from my point of view=as far as I am concerned in one’s view/point=from one’s point of view=as far as sb. concerned 在某人看来 have/get good view of 好好欣赏；观看 come into view 看得见 take/hold the view that… 持有……观点 in view of 鉴于；考虑到；由于 From my point of view, it is a waste of time. 在我看来，这是浪费时间。 37 36.semester /sɪˈmestə(r)/ n.学期 =term 37.petrol /ˈpetrəl/ n.汽油,燃气 = gas 38.subway /ˈsʌbweɪ/ n.地铁 =underground by subway 39.apartment /əˈpɑːrtmənt/ n.公寓套房=flat 40.pants /pænts/ n.内裤；短裤；裤子 41.beg /beg/ vt. 恳求;祈求;哀求 beg sb for sth 向某人请求…… beg sb to do sth 请求某人做某事 beggar n. 乞丐 I beg your pardon. 请原谅；请再说一遍 begged-begging 他们向他请求帮助 They begged him for help. 他求她不要离开。 He begged her not to go. 40 adj.相同的；同样 be equal to (doing) sth. 胜任(做)某事 be equal to 等于 I don't think he is equal to doing this kind of work. 42.equal/'i:kwəl/n．同等的人；相等物 adj. 相同的；同样的 v. 等于，比得上 n．同等的人；相等物 without equal 无与伦比，无敌 have no equal in 在...方面无人能敌 His paintings are without equal in the Western world. vt. 等于；比得上；敌得过 A equals B in sth. A在某方面比得上B My deskmate equals me in English, but her physics is better. 我的同桌和我英语水平差不多，但她的物理比我好。 equally adv. 同样地；相等地；公平地 equality n. 平等；相等 41 (1)China has always insisted that all countries,big or small,should be _______ (equality). (2)Men and women must be treated _______ (equal) in education and employment. (3)Any man will be equal_______ the task;so long as he is careful,you should give him a try. (4)We need to be active in all kinds of sports，and pay attention to mental health which is equal ___________ physical health. (5) Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is________(equal) interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. (6)No one equals him ____ courage, about which every one knows. equal equally to in equally in gap year 空档年 generation gap 代沟 income gap 收入差距 gap between the rich and the poor 贫富差距 他们阔别二十年后又见面了。 They met again after a gap of 20 years. 43. gap /ɡæp/ n.间隔；开口；差距 43 44.demand /dɪˈmɑːnd/ n. 要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要 vi.查问 n． be in (great) demand　非常需要；需求很大 meet/satisfy one's demands 满足某人的需求 place/put demands on sb./sth. 对…提出要求 The goods are in greater demand in winter than the other seasons. 这种物品在冬季的需求比其他季节的更大。 vt. demand to do sth. 要求做某事 demand sth. of/from sb. 要求某人某事 demand that...(should) do... 要求…(应该)做…(从句用虚拟语气) demanding adj. 高要求的；要求严格的 44 表示建议,要求,命令等动词后的宾语从句中, 要用虚拟语气，用（should）+ 动词原形 一坚持 insist； 二命令 order、command； 三建议 suggest、advise、recommend； 四要求 demand、request、require、ask 巩固练习 The products are quite popular and they are _____ great demand. I’ll do what we can to .（满足你的要求） She demanded __________(see) the manager. The teacher demands that she ____________(wear) longer skirts. in meet your demands to see wear 45. vocabulary /vəˈkæbjələri/ n.词汇 enrich your vocabulary 丰富你的词汇量 46. description /dɪˈskrɪpʃn/ n.描写(文字)；形容 describe vt. 描述；形容；描绘 describe...as... 把....描述为...... be beyond description 无法形容，难以描述 The beautiful sight of Mount Huang is beyond description. give /provide/issuea description of...描写/描述…… fit/match/answer one's description 与某人的描述相符 48 47. relate /rɪˈleɪt/ vt. 联系；讲述 relate sth.to sb. 向某人讲述某事 relate sth to sth 将…与…联系 He later related the whole story to me, which made me very happy. 他后来给我讲了整件事的来龙去脉，这使我很高兴。 related adj. 有关系的，有关联的；讲述的 be related to... 与…有关 48. relate to 与……相关；涉及；谈到 49 relation n. 关系，联系 in relation to 关于 relative adj. 相对的，相应的 n. 亲戚 relative to 关于......的 relatively adv. 相对地；比较地 relatively speaking 相对来说 relationship n. 关系；联系 This is quite important, because it is directly related _____ your commitment. The position calls for _________ (relate) experience in the field and good skills at using computers. Determining where we are in __________ (relate) to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival. to related relation Thank You ! $$