精品解析：广东省实验中学2024-2025学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题

广东实验中学2025届高三十月阶段考试 英语 本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，共9页，满分120分，考试用时120分钟。 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考号填写在答题卷上。 2．选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卷上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案；不能答在试卷上。 3．非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卷各题目指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液.不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 4．考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束后，将答题卷收回。 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Princeton University Art Event Program Information for Gaucho: A New Musical March 8-10, 2024, in Wallace Theater Presented by the Lewis Center for the Arts’ Program in Theater &Music Theater. Gaucho:A New Musical Book, music and lyrics (歌词) by Princeton University seniors Aaron Ventresca and Emmu Ventresca; directed by lecturer Nicuo Krell with music direction by guest artist Gia Gan. Run Time Approximately 2 hours(including a 10-minute intermission). Setting In this new musical set in nineteenth-century Argentina, the gaucho (高乔人) community of San Antonio de Areco (a town in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina) faces growing threats to its traditional way of life from large landowners’ newest technology-barbed (带刺的) wire fence. A young gaucho named Mateo struggles to break free from his family’s dying way of life to become a writer. Then with some help, Mateo escapes to Buenos Aires. There, he meets Sofia, who shakes his narrow-minded view of the world. As modernity takes shape, Mateo is torn between choices:his family or the one he could create, his culture or the movements of the world. Special Notes No flash photography permitted. Please silence all electronic devices including mobile phone and watches and avoid text messaging for the duration of the performance. Tickets &Details Performances are free and open to the public;advance tickets required. If a performance is listed as sold out, a wait list will be formed at the door with a limited number of tickets available. Accessibility The Wallace Theater is an accessible venue with an assistive listening system. Guests in need of other access accommodations are invited to contact the Lewis Center at least one week in advance at lewiscenter@princeton. edu. 1. Who created the Gaucho: A New Musical? A. Guest artist Gia Gan. B. Two university students. C. Lecturer Nico Krell. D. Artists in the Wallace Theater. 2. What is the theme of the musical? A. A romantic love story. B. A movement of culture. C. The change of lifestyle. D. The immigration of a community. 3. What are people required to do to watch the musical? A. Pay for performances in advance. B. Wait in line at the door of the theatre. C. Contact the Lewis Center for tickets. D. Switch off their electronic devices. B Professor Lum seems to be under the spell of ChatGPT, but let’s not get carried away with the AI chatbot craze. While it does have some benefits, his arguments are like a leaky boat in a stormy sea — full of holes. According to Professor Lum, ChatGPT offers students a wealth of information. Sure, it’s like having a walking encyclopedia (百科全书), but learning is not about copying an answer. It’s about the journey of discovery. ChatGPT, armed with its vast database, denies students the opportunity to explore and learn through their own efforts. It’s like awarding a participation medal for a race that hasn’t even begun! He also claims that ChatGPT improves communication skills. Seriously? Chatting with an AI is not the same as having a real conversation. How can we expect students to handle the complexities of the real world if all they know is how to talk to a chatbot? Let’s not turn them into socially awkward bots themselves. Oh, and let’s not forget about critical thinking. Professor Lum thinks ChatGPT challenges students to think critically. But come on, folks! It’s merely a machine! It’s not going to teach them how to question assumptions, analyze evidence, or come up with innovative solutions. We need human interaction and lively debates for that. Lastly, Professor Lum believes ChatGPT can provide support and guidance. Again, seriously? Are we going to replace human emotions with lines of code (代码)? ChatGPT might offer some comforting words, but it can’t replace the warmth and understanding that can only be found in human interaction. Let us not abandon our students, leaving them to feel more alone and disconnected than ever before. Professor Lum’s opinion regarding ChatGPT warns us against too much reliance on technology. Rather than prioritizing ChatGPT, the focus should be on developing critical thinking, promoting genuine human interaction, and emphasizing the core aspects of education. 4. What is compared to a participation medal in paragraph 2? A. A walking encyclopedia. B. A journey to explore. C. A vast database. D. An answer. 5. What can be inferred about ChatGPT from paragraphs 3~5? A. It is not good at socializing. B. It is a skilled critical thinker. C. It offers nothing helpful to humans. D. It forms a warm bond with humans. 6. What is the author’s attitude towards ChatGPT? A. Totally negative. B. Fully supportive. C. Highly skeptical. D. Quite indifferent. 7. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To criticize a viewpoint. B. To question an authority. C. To clarify two arguments. D. To compare two chatbots. C Whether playing tricks or holding funerals in the wild, crows have surprised the public with their unexpected capabilities. But their “intelligence” knows no bounds. A new study published in Current Biology revealed for the first time that crows can use statistical logic to solve problems. Crows have a large brain for their size and a particularly noticeable forebrain, associated with statistical and analytical reasoning in humans. “In our lab, crows have shown complicated numerical competence and careful consideration during decision-making,” said Dr. Melissa Johnston, a fellow at the University of Tübingen. In her recent work, Johnston and her team pushed these abilities to a new extreme, testing statistical reasoning. In the experiment, two crows were first trained to peck (啄) at various images on touchscreens to earn food treats; and gradually they had to choose between two of these images, each corresponding to a different reward probability. “Crows were tasked with learning rather abstract quantities and then applying that combination of information in a reward maximizing way,” Johnston detailed. Over 10 days of training and 5,000 trials, the two crows managed to pick the higher probability of reward, showing their ability to use statistical inference. To researchers’ much surprise, even after a month without training, the crows still perform well every time. Statistical reasoning involves using limited information about a situation to draw conclusions and make decisions. People unknowingly use such cognitive ability every day. When we select cafes for social meetups, our brains automatically weigh collected statistics from past observations and favor the one more capable of meeting needs. Similarly, crows remembered and analyzed the connections between the images and the reward probabilities to make themselves get the most treats possible. Crows once symbolized misfortune and death, causing them disliked even killed by people. Actually, they are among the few animals to adapt to urbanization successfully due to underestimated intelligence. “I think these studies do help change public views and improve our relationship with these lovely animals,” Johnston stated. 8. What makes crows’ intelligence possible? A. Their limitless abilities of tricks. B. Their social leaning in the wild. C. Their physical structure of brains. D. Their training received in the lab. 9. Which of the following best describes the research process in paragraph 3? A. Instruct, task, and retest. B. Train, perform, and record. C. Assume, prove, and reflect. D. Prepare, teach, and examine. 10. How does the author explain statistical inference in paragraph 4? A. By sharing a personal experience. B. By quoting a previous study. C. By making a detailed comparison. D. By using a common example. 11 What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Food Prize Competition: Crows Choosing Rewards B. Urban Bird Survival Strategies: Living with People C. Beyond Tricks: Surprise of Crows’ Statistical Reasoning D. Animal Behavior Study: Training Crows in Experiments D Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now — several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 12. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. If read by someone poorly educated. B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C. If written by someone less competent. D. If translated by someone unacademic. 13. What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text? A. It is packed with complex codes. B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style. C. It provides step-by-step instructions. D. It is intended for AI professionals. 14. What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development? A. Observe existing regulations on it. B. Reconsider expert opinions about it. C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control. D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down. 15. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history. C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honor an outstanding AI expert. 第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help? Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. ___16___ Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience. ●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. ___17___ ●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. ___18___ Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights? ●___19___ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower. Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege (荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place. ___20___ You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there. A. Visit during off-peak times. B. So, should we stop traveling? C. Travel for you and no one else. D. Can overtourism be avoided then? E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places. F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it. G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting. 第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 An airline loses two suitcases belonging to two different travelers, Lucy and Pete. Both suitcases happen to be the same and also contain ____21____ antiques. An airline manager ____22____ to compensate for their loss figures that simply asking them for the price is hopeless, for they may ____23____ it. Instead, he has them write down the price as any dollar between 2 and 100 ____24____ so that they cannot negotiate with each other. If both write the same number, he will pay each of them that amount. If not, he will assume that the person writing the higher number is ____25____ and pay both of them the lower number with a ____26____ and a punishment-the person writing the lower number will get $2 more as a reward for ____27____ and the other will get $2 less instead. For instance, if Lucy writes 46 and Pete writes 100, Lucy will get $48 and Pete will get $44. What numbers will Lucy and Pete write? ____28____, Lucy’s idea is that she should write the largest possible number, which will earn her $100 if Pete’s similarly ____29____. Soon, it strikes her that if she wrote 99, she’d make a little more — $101. But surely this ____30____ will also occur to Pete, who will choose 99 too. Continuing with this line of ____31____, when both are unwilling to lose money or get less than the other, they will end up writing down the ____32____ price of the antique. Experimental studies conducted by economists, however, ____33____ this narrow view of reason. In their studies, most participants pick $100 or a number close to it, either without thinking the problem through or tending to believe they’ll ____34____ the “unreasonable” number. By doing so, participants ultimately get a much bigger ____35____ Based on this, researchers have concluded that people appear to have a natural tendency towards cooperation, which favors seemingly unreasonable but beneficial strategies. 21. A. precious B. identical C. missing D. various 22. A. reminded B. enabled C. tasked D. convinced 23. A. value B. highlight C. ignore D. overstate 24. A. at random B. precisely C. with caution D. separately 25. A. dreaming B. cheating C. objecting D. complaining 26. A. bonus B. change C. bill D. credit 27 A. cooperation B. honesty C. selflessness D. intelligence 28. A. Generally B. Surprisingly C. Initially D. Specifically 29. A. foolish B. greedy C. thoughtful D. generous 30. A. experience B. message C. conclusion D. insight 31. A. reasoning B. compromise C. guessing D. struggle 32. A. fair B. high C. real D. low 33. A. confirm B. warn C. challenge D. defeat 34. A. give way to B. get back C. take control of D. benefit from 35. A. compensation B. tip C. investment D. fee 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The term Xuan paper first appeared in On Famous Paintings through the Ages, a book written by Tang Dynasty scholar Zhang Yanyuan, ____36____ he described Xuan paper as an ideal carrier for calligraphy and painting. Handmade Xuan paper from Jingxian county, East China’s Anhui province, ____37____ (list) as a gift to the imperial court then for its supreme quality, During the Tang and Song Dynasties Xuan paper reached its peak of ____38____ (popular) and quality. The traditional craft (工艺) of making Xuan paper is extremely ____39____ (demand). Sandalwood bark, a plant native to southern China, ____40____ (go) through108 procedures over the course of three years before it can transform into fine Xuan paper. The flow of ink determines the output of Chinese art, and Xuan paper outshines others with its excellent ability ____41____ (give) full play to ink. Different proportions (比例) of bark to straw during the paper- making process can create different canvases (帆布) best suited ____42____ artistic expression in freehand ink paintings or calligraphy. The unique quality of Xuan paper is ____43____ (high) valued in the world of Chinese calligraphy and painting. Xuan paper is very resistant to damage brought by time. It is this durability ____44____ has made the preservation of many valuable works from ancient China possible. The long history, unique craftsmanship, and high quality of Xuan paper have made it a _____45_____ (treasure) cultural heritage of China. 第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假设你是阳光中学高三学生李华，你校学生会开始筹备2022届高三成人仪式（the coming-of-age ceremony）。现向高三学生征集成人仪式活动方案，请你给学生会负责人写一封信，为成人仪式设计一个活动方案，方案需要包括： 1.为成人仪式制定的主题； 2.为成人仪式设计的活动； 3.设计这些活动的理由。 注意： 1.词数100左右： 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Chairman of the Students’ Union, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 第二节 （满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 My dad, George, only had an eighth grade education. A quiet man, he didn’t understand my world of school activities. From age 14, he worked. And his dad, Albert, took the money my dad earned and used it to pay family expenses. I didn’t really understand his world either: He was a livestock trucker, and I thought that I would surpass (超过) anything he had accomplished by the time I walked across the stage at high school graduation. Summers in the mid-70s were spent at home shooting baskets, hitting a baseball, or throwing a football, preparing for my future as a quarterback on a football team. In poor weather, I read about sports or practiced my trombone (长号). The summer before my eighth grade I was one of a group of boys that a neighboring farmer hired to work in his field. He explained our basic task, the tractor fired up and we were off, riding down the field looking for weeds to spray with chemicals. After a short way, the farmer stopped and pointed at a weed which we missed. Then we began again. This happened over and over, but we soon learned to identify different grasses like cockleburs, lamb’s-quarters, foxtails, and the king of weeds, the pretty purple thistle. It was tiring work, but I looked forward to the pay, even though I wasn’t sure how much it would amount to. At home, my dad said, “A job’s a big step to growing up. I’m glad you will be contributing to the household.” My dad’s words made me realize that my earnings might not be mine to do with as I wished. My labors lasted about two weeks, and the farmer said there might be more work, but I wasn’t interested. I decided it was not fair that I had to contribute my money. 注意： 1.所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1： When I bought my paycheck home — it was $119 — my dad wanted to talk to me ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2： I was surprised that my dad allowed me to use the money as I wished. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 广东实验中学2025届高三十月阶段考试 英语 本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，共9页，满分120分，考试用时120分钟。 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考号填写在答题卷上。 2．选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卷上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案；不能答在试卷上。 3．非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卷各题目指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液.不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 4．考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束后，将答题卷收回。 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Princeton University Art Event Program Information for Gaucho: A New Musical March 8-10, 2024, in Wallace Theater Presented by the Lewis Center for the Arts’ Program in Theater &Music Theater. Gaucho:A New Musical Book, music and lyrics (歌词) by Princeton University seniors Aaron Ventresca and Emmu Ventresca; directed by lecturer Nicuo Krell with music direction by guest artist Gia Gan. Run Time Approximately 2 hours(including a 10-minute intermission). Setting In this new musical set in nineteenth-century Argentina, the gaucho (高乔人) community of San Antonio de Areco (a town in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina) faces growing threats to its traditional way of life from large landowners’ newest technology-barbed (带刺的) wire fence. A young gaucho named Mateo struggles to break free from his family’s dying way of life to become a writer. Then with some help, Mateo escapes to Buenos Aires. There, he meets Sofia, who shakes his narrow-minded view of the world. As modernity takes shape, Mateo is torn between choices:his family or the one he could create, his culture or the movements of the world. Special Notes No flash photography permitted. Please silence all electronic devices including mobile phone and watches, and avoid text messaging for the duration of the performance. Tickets &Details Performances are free and open to the public;advance tickets required. If a performance is listed as sold out, a wait list will be formed at the door with a limited number of tickets available. Accessibility The Wallace Theater is an accessible venue with an assistive listening system. Guests in need of other access accommodations are invited to contact the Lewis Center at least one week in advance at lewiscenter@princeton. edu. 1. Who created the Gaucho: A New Musical? A. Guest artist Gia Gan. B. Two university students. C Lecturer Nico Krell. D. Artists in the Wallace Theater. 2. What is the theme of the musical? A. A romantic love story. B. A movement of culture. C. The change of lifestyle. D. The immigration of a community. 3. What are people required to do to watch the musical? A. Pay for performances in advance. B. Wait in line at the door of the theatre. C. Contact the Lewis Center for tickets. D. Switch off their electronic devices. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍普林斯顿大学一项艺术活动。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Gaucho:A New Musical中的“Book, music and lyries (歌词) by Princeton University seniors Aaron Ventresca and Emmu Ventresca; directed by lecturer Nicuo Krell with music direction by guest artist Gia Gan.”（书籍、音乐和歌词是由普林斯顿大学大四学生Aaron Ventresca和Emma Ventresca创作的，由讲师Nico Krell执导，客座艺术家Gia担任音乐指导）可知，两个大学生创作了Gaucho: A New Musical。故选B项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Setting中的“In this new musical set in nineteenth-century Argentina, the gaucho (高乔人) community of San Antonio de Areco (a town in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina)faces growing threats to its traditional way of life from large landowners’ newest technology-barbed (带刺的) wire fence. A young gaucho named Mateo struggles to break free from his family’s dying way of life to become a writer. Then with some help, Mateo escapes to Buenos Aires. There, he meets Sofia, who shakes his narrow-minded view of the world. As modernity takes shape, Mateo is torn between choices:his family or the one he could create, his culture or the movements of the world.”（在这部十九世纪阿根廷的新音乐剧中，圣安东尼奥·德阿雷科的高乔社区面临着来自大地主最新技术——带刺铁丝网围栏——对其传统生活方式的日益增长的威胁。一位名叫马特奥(Mateo)的年轻高乔人努力摆脱家人垂死的生活方式，试图成为一名作家。马特奥逃到了布宜诺斯艾利斯。在那里，他遇到了索菲亚，索菲亚动摇了他狭隘的世界观。）可知，该音乐剧的主题是生活方式的改变。故选C项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。Special Notes中的“No flash photography permitted. Please silence all electronic devices including mobile phone and watches, and avoid text messaging for the duration of the performance.”（不允许使用闪光灯拍照，让包括手机和手表在内的所有电子设备静音，并在演出期间禁止发送短信）由此可知，看该剧时要求人们关闭所有电子设备。故选D项。 B Professor Lum seems to be under the spell of ChatGPT, but let’s not get carried away with the AI chatbot craze. While it does have some benefits, his arguments are like a leaky boat in a stormy sea — full of holes. According to Professor Lum, ChatGPT offers students a wealth of information. Sure, it’s like having a walking encyclopedia (百科全书), but learning is not about copying an answer. It’s about the journey of discovery. ChatGPT, armed with its vast database, denies students the opportunity to explore and learn through their own efforts. It’s like awarding a participation medal for a race that hasn’t even begun! He also claims that ChatGPT improves communication skills. Seriously? Chatting with an AI is not the same as having a real conversation. How can we expect students to handle the complexities of the real world if all they know is how to talk to a chatbot? Let’s not turn them into socially awkward bots themselves. Oh, and let’s not forget about critical thinking. Professor Lum thinks ChatGPT challenges students to think critically. But come on, folks! It’s merely a machine! It’s not going to teach them how to question assumptions, analyze evidence, or come up with innovative solutions. We need human interaction and lively debates for that. Lastly, Professor Lum believes ChatGPT can provide support and guidance. Again, seriously? Are we going to replace human emotions with lines of code (代码)? ChatGPT might offer some comforting words, but it can’t replace the warmth and understanding that can only be found in human interaction. Let us not abandon our students, leaving them to feel more alone and disconnected than ever before. Professor Lum’s opinion regarding ChatGPT warns us against too much reliance on technology. Rather than prioritizing ChatGPT, the focus should be on developing critical thinking, promoting genuine human interaction, and emphasizing the core aspects of education. 4. What is compared to a participation medal in paragraph 2? A. A walking encyclopedia. B. A journey to explore. C. A vast database. D. An answer. 5. What can be inferred about ChatGPT from paragraphs 3~5? A. It is not good at socializing. B. It is a skilled critical thinker. C. It offers nothing helpful to humans. D. It forms a warm bond with humans. 6. What is the author’s attitude towards ChatGPT? A. Totally negative. B. Fully supportive. C. Highly skeptical. D. Quite indifferent. 7. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To criticize a viewpoint. B. To question an authority. C. To clarify two arguments. D. To compare two chatbots. 【答案】4. D 5. A 6. C 7. A 【解析】 【分析】文章是说明文。介绍了Lum教授似乎被ChatGPT迷住了，认为ChatGPT有非常多的优点，但是作者提醒不能过多依赖技术，应把重点放在发展批判性思维、促进真正的人际互动和强调教育的核心方面。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。文章第二段第二句“Sure, it’s like having a walking encyclopedia (百科全书), but learning is not about copying an answer.”(当然，这就像有一本活百科全书, 但学习并不是复制答案。)和文章第二段第四句“ChatGPT, armed with its vast database, denies students the opportunity to explore and learn through their own efforts.”(拥有庞大数据库的ChatGPT剥夺了学生通过自己的努力探索和学习的机会。)可知，ChatGPT为学生提供了丰富的信息，但是同时也剥夺了孩子自努力探索学习的机会，答案都是直接获得。就好比比赛还未开始就颁发了参赛奖牌，所以此处参赛奖牌指的是学习之旅还未开始就提供了答案。故选D项。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。文章第三段“Chatting with an AI is not the same as having a real conversation. How can we expect students to handle the complexities of the real world if all they know is how to talk to a chatbot? Let’s not turn them into socially awkward bots themselves. ”(与人工智能聊天并不等同于进行真正的对话。如果学生只知道如何与聊天机器人交谈，我们怎么能指望他们处理现实世界的复杂性？我们不要把他们自己变成社交尴尬的机器人。)文章第四段“It’s merely a machine! It’s not going to teach them how to question assumptions, analyze evidence, or come up with innovative solutions. We need human interaction and lively debates for that.”(这只是一台机器！它不会教他们如何质疑假设、分析证据或提出创新的解决方案。为此，我们需要人与人之间的互动和激烈的辩论。)和文章第五段“ ChatGPT might offer some comforting words, but it can’t replace the warmth and understanding that can only be found in human interaction.”(ChatGPT可能会提供一些安慰的话语，但它无法取代只有在人类互动中才能找到的温暖和理解。)可知，作者针对Lum教授提出的关于ChatGPT在与人交往方面的优点都提出了反驳。认为ChatGPT无法实现真正人与人之间的互动和交流，也无法取代只有在人类社交互动中才能找到的温暖和理解。所以可推测ChatGPT不善于人际交往。故选A项。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段第二句“While it does have some benefits, his arguments are like a leaky boat in a stormy sea- full of holes. ”(虽然这确实有一些好处，但他的论点就像暴风雨中漏洞百出的船。)可知，作者认为ChatGPT确实存在一些优点，但对于Lum教授认为ChatGPT可以提升交际技能，培养批判性思维和提供支持和指导作者持不赞成和怀疑态度。故填C项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Professor Lum seems to be under the spell of ChatGPT, but let’s not get carried away with the AI chatbot craze. While it does have some benefits, his arguments are like a leaky boat in a stormy sea- full of holes. ”(Lum教授似乎被ChatGPT迷住了，但我们不要被人工智能聊天机器人的热潮冲昏头脑。虽然这确实有一些好处，但他的论点就像暴风雨中漏洞百出的船。)和最后一段“Professor Lum’s opinion regarding ChatGPT warns us against too much reliance on technology. Rather than prioritizing ChatGPT, the focus should be on developing critical thinking, promoting genuine human interaction, and emphasizing the core aspects of education.”(Lum教授关于ChatGPT的观点警告我们不要过度依赖技术。与其优先考虑ChatGPT，不如把重点放在发展批判性思维、促进真正的人际互动和强调教育的核心方面。)可知，作者针对Lum教授的观点提出了反驳。作者认为不要过度依赖技术，应把重点放在发展批判性思维、促进真正的人际互动和强调教育的核心方面。故选A项。 C Whether playing tricks or holding funerals in the wild, crows have surprised the public with their unexpected capabilities. But their “intelligence” knows no bounds. A new study published in Current Biology revealed for the first time that crows can use statistical logic to solve problems. Crows have a large brain for their size and a particularly noticeable forebrain, associated with statistical and analytical reasoning in humans. “In our lab, crows have shown complicated numerical competence and careful consideration during decision-making,” said Dr. Melissa Johnston, a fellow at the University of Tübingen. In her recent work, Johnston and her team pushed these abilities to a new extreme, testing statistical reasoning. In the experiment, two crows were first trained to peck (啄) at various images on touchscreens to earn food treats; and gradually they had to choose between two of these images, each corresponding to a different reward probability. “Crows were tasked with learning rather abstract quantities and then applying that combination of information in a reward maximizing way,” Johnston detailed. Over 10 days of training and 5,000 trials, the two crows managed to pick the higher probability of reward, showing their ability to use statistical inference. To researchers’ much surprise, even after a month without training, the crows still perform well every time. Statistical reasoning involves using limited information about a situation to draw conclusions and make decisions. People unknowingly use such cognitive ability every day. When we select cafes for social meetups, our brains automatically weigh collected statistics from past observations and favor the one more capable of meeting needs. Similarly, crows remembered and analyzed the connections between the images and the reward probabilities to make themselves get the most treats possible. Crows once symbolized misfortune and death, causing them disliked even killed by people. Actually, they are among the few animals to adapt to urbanization successfully due to underestimated intelligence. “I think these studies do help change public views and improve our relationship with these lovely animals,” Johnston stated. 8. What makes crows’ intelligence possible? A. Their limitless abilities of tricks. B. Their social leaning in the wild. C. Their physical structure of brains. D. Their training received in the lab. 9. Which of the following best describes the research process in paragraph 3? A. Instruct, task, and retest. B. Train, perform, and record. C. Assume, prove, and reflect. D. Prepare, teach, and examine. 10. How does the author explain statistical inference in paragraph 4? A. By sharing a personal experience. B. By quoting a previous study. C. By making a detailed comparison. D By using a common example. 11. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Food Prize Competition: Crows Choosing Rewards B. Urban Bird Survival Strategies: Living with People C. Beyond Tricks: Surprise of Crows’ Statistical Reasoning D. Animal Behavior Study: Training Crows in Experiments 【答案】8. C 9. A 10. D 11. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了乌鸦的高级智力，特别是它们在实验中展示的统计推理能力。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Crows have a large brain for their size and a particularly noticeable forebrain, associated with statistical and analytical reasoning in humans. (就其体型而言，乌鸦的大脑很大，前脑特别明显，与人类的统计和分析推理有关。)”可知，乌鸦的大脑结构，特别是前脑，使得它们具备统计和分析推理的能力。故选C。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“In the experiment, two crows were first trained to peck (啄) at various images on touchscreens to earn food treats; and gradually they had to choose between two of these images, each corresponding to a different reward probability. “Crows were tasked with learning rather abstract quantities and then applying that combination of information in a reward maximizing way,” Johnston detailed. Over 10 days of training and 5,000 trials, the two crows managed to pick the higher probability of reward, showing their ability to use statistical inference. To researchers’ much surprise, even after a month without training, the crows still perform well every time. (在实验中，首先训练两只乌鸦啄触摸屏上的各种图像，以获得食物；渐渐地，他们不得不在这两幅图像中做出选择，每幅图像都对应着不同的奖励概率。约翰斯顿详细介绍说：“乌鸦的任务是学习相当抽象的量，然后以奖励最大化的方式应用这些信息组合。”。经过10天的训练和5000次试验，两只乌鸦设法选择了更高的奖励概率，显示了它们使用统计推断的能力。令研究人员惊讶的是，即使在一个月没有训练的情况下，乌鸦每次都表现得很好。)”可推知，在实验中，研究人员首先指导乌鸦识别触摸屏上的图像，然后布置任务，让乌鸦在不同的图像之间做出选择，然后重新测试，发现即使一个月没有训练，乌鸦仍然能够表现得很好。故选A。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段的“When we select cafes for social meetups, our brains automatically weigh collected statistics from past observations and favor the one more capable of meeting needs. (当我们为社交聚会选择咖啡馆时，我们的大脑会自动权衡从过去的观察中收集到的统计数据，并倾向于更能满足需求的咖啡馆。)”可推知，作者通过一个常见的例子来解释统计推理。故选D。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Whether playing tricks or holding funerals in the wild, crows have surprised the public with their unexpected capabilities. But their “intelligence” knows no bounds. A new study published in Current Biology revealed for the first time that crows can use statistical logic to solve problems. (无论是恶作剧还是在野外举行葬礼，乌鸦都以其意想不到的能力让公众感到惊讶。但他们的“智慧”是无限的。发表在《当代生物学》上的一项新研究首次揭示，乌鸦可以使用统计逻辑来解决问题。)”可知，文章主要介绍了乌鸦不仅能在野外玩把戏，还能通过统计推理解决问题，这超出了人们对它们智力的预期。故选C。 D Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now — several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 12. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. If read by someone poorly educated. B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C. If written by someone less competent. D. If translated by someone unacademic. 13. What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text? A. It is packed with complex codes. B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style. C. It provides step-by-step instructions. D. It is intended for AI professionals. 14. What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development? A. Observe existing regulations on it. B. Reconsider expert opinions about it. C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control. D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down. 15. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history. C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honor an outstanding AI expert. 【答案】12. C 13. B 14. C 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一书。该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机。 【12题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. (这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的，如果别人写这本书的话可能就不是这样了，推测划线短语表示 “如果是由能力较差的人写的”。故选C项。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.(值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔在书中将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容，这本书的特点是通俗易懂，推测它采用了接地气的写作风格。故选B项。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. (她说，我们必须保持对人工智能的控制，否则就有被边缘化甚至更糟的风险)”和文章倒数第二段“We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. (我们需要考虑我们希望人工智能的未来如何发展。这种结构化的思维，加上全球监管，将使我们走向伟大，而不是走向衰败)”可知，坎贝尔敦促人们保持对人工智能的控制，考虑人工智能的未来应如何发展，所以关于人工智能的发展，坎贝尔敦促人们共同努力将其控制住。故选C项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). (考虑到人工智能改变我们生活的惊人潜力，我们都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来，这正是AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence的用武之地。卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔撰写的这本引人入胜的新书是一本实用的路线图，旨在应对即将到来的人工智能革命带来的挑战)”和文章最后一段“AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. (人工智能将影响我们所有人，如果你只读一本关于这个主题的书，那就是这本书)”可知，本文主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一书，该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本关于人工智能的书。故选A项。 点睛】 第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 根据下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help? Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. ___16___ Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience. ●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. ___17___ ●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. ___18___ Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights? ●___19___ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower. Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege (荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place. ___20___ You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there. A. Visit during off-peak times. B. So, should we stop traveling? C. Travel for you and no one else. D. Can overtourism be avoided then? E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places. F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it. G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting. 【答案】16. B 17. C 18. E 19. A 20. G 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了如何避免“过度旅游”的现象。 【16题详解】 前文“Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations.(旅游促进理解，扩展我们的思想，使我们成为更好的人，促进当地经济和社区，但旅游业的快速发展导致了某些地区和目的地的过度旅游)”表明旅游带来了一些问题，后文“The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world.(在当今世界，失去旅行所能提供的东西将是不可接受的)”表示不能失去旅行，结合后文“Certainly not.(当然不)”可知，空处提问能否停止旅行，B选项“那么，我们应该停止旅行吗？”符合语境。故选B。 【17题详解】 前文“Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you.(游客过多的目的地是有原因的：它们很特别。网上有这么多关于同一个地方的帖子，很容易让你觉得你错过了。只有当风景、文化或食物深深吸引你时，才去某个地方)”表明不要跟风旅游，C选项“为你而不是其他人旅行”表明要关注自己在旅行时的感受，忠实自己的感受，不用管其余的建议，符合语境。故选C。 【18题详解】 前文“That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from.(这意味着你有很多不太受欢迎的选择)及后文“Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?( 为什么不尝试一个地区性的选择，或者看看一个热门目的地不太为人所知的景点呢)”提出建议，可以选择一些冷门的景点，E选项“你仍然可以找到相对未被发现的地方”符合语境。故选E。 【19题详解】 空处为小标题，根据后文“Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.(通过跳过重大节假日或高峰时间来最小化影响并最大化体验)”表示旅游时要注意避开高峰期，选择合适的时间，A选项“在非高峰时间参观”概括本段内容。故选A。 【20题详解】 前文“Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place.(尽你的一份力，从一开始就保护一个目的地的特别之处)”表明旅游时应保护旅游景点，后文“You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.(你可能会惊讶地发现你和那里的人感觉如此亲近)”表示这样做的感受，G选项“考虑回馈你所访问的社区”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。 【点睛】 第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 An airline loses two suitcases belonging to two different travelers, Lucy and Pete. Both suitcases happen to be the same and also contain ____21____ antiques. An airline manager ____22____ to compensate for their loss figures that simply asking them for the price is hopeless, for they may ____23____ it. Instead, he has them write down the price as any dollar between 2 and 100 ____24____ so that they cannot negotiate with each other. If both write the same number, he will pay each of them that amount. If not, he will assume that the person writing the higher number is ____25____ and pay both of them the lower number with a ____26____ and a punishment-the person writing the lower number will get $2 more as a reward for ____27____ and the other will get $2 less instead. For instance, if Lucy writes 46 and Pete writes 100, Lucy will get $48 and Pete will get $44. What numbers will Lucy and Pete write? ____28____, Lucy’s idea is that she should write the largest possible number, which will earn her $100 if Pete’s similarly ____29____. Soon, it strikes her that if she wrote 99, she’d make a little more — $101. But surely this ____30____ will also occur to Pete, who will choose 99 too. Continuing with this line of ____31____, when both are unwilling to lose money or get less than the other, they will end up writing down the ____32____ price of the antique. Experimental studies conducted by economists, however, ____33____ this narrow view of reason. In their studies, most participants pick $100 or a number close to it, either without thinking the problem through or tending to believe they’ll ____34____ the “unreasonable” number. By doing so, participants ultimately get a much bigger ____35____ Based on this, researchers have concluded that people appear to have a natural tendency towards cooperation, which favors seemingly unreasonable but beneficial strategies. 21. A. precious B. identical C. missing D. various 22. A. reminded B. enabled C. tasked D. convinced 23. A. value B. highlight C. ignore D. overstate 24. A. at random B. precisely C. with caution D. separately 25. A. dreaming B. cheating C. objecting D. complaining 26. A. bonus B. change C. bill D. credit 27. A. cooperation B. honesty C. selflessness D. intelligence 28. A. Generally B. Surprisingly C. Initially D. Specifically 29. A. foolish B. greedy C. thoughtful D. generous 30. A. experience B. message C. conclusion D. insight 31. A. reasoning B. compromise C. guessing D. struggle 32. A. fair B. high C. real D. low 33. A. confirm B. warn C. challenge D. defeat 34. A. give way to B. get back C. take control of D. benefit from 35. A. compensation B. tip C. investment D. fee 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. C 34. D 35. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过让两个丢失古董的乘客分别写下古董的价格一事告诉我们，人们似乎有一种自然的合作倾向，其倾向于看似不合理但有益的策略。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：两个行李箱碰巧是一样的，里面也装着同样的古董。A. precious宝贵的；B. identical相同的；C. missing找不到的；D. various各种各样的。根据上文“Both suitcases happen to be the same and also contain”中also可知，两个行李箱碰巧是一样的，里面也装着同样的古董。后文对古董的估价也能看出来东西是一样的。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位负责赔偿他们损失的航空公司经理说，仅仅问他们价格是没有希望的，因为他们可能会夸大价格。A. reminded提醒；B. enabled使能够；C. tasked委派任务；D. convinced说服。根据后文“to compensate for their loss figures”指经理被委派处理赔偿他们的损失，故选C。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位负责赔偿他们损失的航空公司经理说，仅仅问他们价格是没有希望的，因为他们可能会夸大价格。A. value重视；B. highlight突出；C. ignore忽视；D. overstate夸大。根据上文“simply asking them for the price is hopeless”可知，问价格没有用的原因是会夸大古董的价格，想得到更多赔偿。故选D。 【24题详解】 考查介词短语和副词辨析。句意：相反，他让他们把价格分别写在2到100美元之间，这样他们就不能互相谈判了。A. at random随机地；B. precisely精确地；C. with caution慎重地；D. separately分别地。根据后文“so that they cannot negotiate with each other”可知，想要他们不能互相谈判，就需要让他们分别写下价格。故选D。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果不是，他会认为写高数字的人是在欺骗，并把写低数字的奖金和惩罚都付给他们——写低数字的人会因为诚实而多得到2美元，而另一个人会少得到2美元。A. dreaming梦想；B. cheating欺骗；C. objecting反对；D. complaining投诉。根据上文“If not, he will assume that the person writing the higher number is”可知，如果价格写的不一样，那么他会认为写高数字的人是在欺骗，故选B。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果不是，他会认为写高数字的人是在欺骗，并把写低数字的奖金和惩罚都付给他们——写低数字的人会因为诚实而多得到2美元，而另一个人会少得到2美元。A. bonus奖金；B. change改变；C. bill账单；D. credit信用。根据后文“the person writing the lower number will get $2”可知，价格写低的人会得到奖金，故选A。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果不是，他会认为写高数字的人是在欺骗，并把写低数字的奖金和惩罚都付给他们——写低数字的人会因为诚实而多得到2美元，而另一个人会少得到2美元。A. cooperation合作；B. honesty诚实；C. selflessness无私；D. intelligence智慧。根据上文“the person writing the lower number will get $2 more as a reward for”给写低价格的人奖金的原因是诚实，故选B。 【28题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最初，露西的想法是，她应该写出尽可能大的数字，如果皮特同样贪婪，她将获得100美元。A. Generally通常；B. Surprisingly惊人地；C. Initially首先；D. Specifically特别。根据后文“Soon, it strikes her that if she wrote 99, she’d make a little more — $101.(很快，她突然想到，如果她写99，她会多赚一点——101美元)”可知，露西后来改变了想法，即她最初想写尽可能大的数字。故选C。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最初，露西的想法是，她应该写出尽可能大的数字，如果皮特同样贪婪，她将获得100美元。A. foolish愚蠢的；B. greedy贪婪的；C. thoughtful体贴的；D. generous慷慨的。根据上文“which will earn her $100 if Pete’s similarly”可知，如果皮特同样贪婪，露西将获得100美元。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但皮特肯定也会有这种想法，他也会选择99。A. experience经历；B. message信息；C. conclusion结论；D. insight想法，洞悉。根据后文“will also occur to Pete, who will choose 99 too”可知，此处指皮特肯定也会有这种想法，他也会选择99。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：继续这种推理，当双方都不愿意赔钱或得到的比对方少时，他们最终会写下古董的“真实”价格。A. reasoning推理；B. compromise妥协；C. guessing猜测；D. struggle努力。根据上文“What numbers will Lucy and Pete write?(露西和皮特会写什么数字？)”可知，上文论述的是两人写价格的推理过程。故选A。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：继续这种推理，当双方都不愿意赔钱或得到的比对方少时，他们最终会写下古董的“真实”价格。A. fair公平的；B. high高的；C. real真实的；D. low低的。根据上文“when both are unwilling to lose money or get less than the other, they will end up writing down the”可知，当双方都不愿意赔钱或得到的比对方少时，他们最终会写下古董的“真实”价格。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，经济学家进行的实验研究挑战了这种狭隘的理性观点。A. confirm确认；B. warn警告；C. challenge挑战；D. defeat打败。后文提到在他们的研究中，大多数参与者选择了100美元或一个接近100美元的数字，要么没有仔细考虑这个问题，要么倾向于相信他们会从这个“不合理的”数字中受益，即经济学家进行的实验研究挑战了这种狭隘的理性观点。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在他们研究中，大多数参与者选择了100美元或一个接近100美元的数字，要么没有仔细考虑这个问题，要么倾向于相信他们会从这个“不合理的”数字中受益。A. give way to让步；B. get back报复；C. take control of控制；D. benefit from受益于。根据上文“either without thinking the problem through or tending to believe they’ll”可知，大多数参与者选择了100美元或一个接近100美元的数字，要么没有仔细考虑这个问题，要么倾向于相信他们会从这个“不合理的”数字中受益。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过这样做，参与者最终得到了更大的补偿。A. compensation补偿；B. tip诀窍；C. investment投资；D. fee费用。根据后文“Based on this, researchers have concluded that people appear to have a natural tendency towards cooperation, which favors seemingly unreasonable but beneficial strategies.(基于此，研究人员得出结论，人们似乎有一种自然的合作倾向，这种倾向倾向于看似不合理但有益的策略)”可知，参与者最终得到了更大的补偿。故选A。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The term Xuan paper first appeared in On Famous Paintings through the Ages, a book written by Tang Dynasty scholar Zhang Yanyuan, ____36____ he described Xuan paper as an ideal carrier for calligraphy and painting. Handmade Xuan paper from Jingxian county, East China’s Anhui province, ____37____ (list) as a gift to the imperial court then for its supreme quality, During the Tang and Song Dynasties Xuan paper reached its peak of ____38____ (popular) and quality. The traditional craft (工艺) of making Xuan paper is extremely ____39____ (demand). Sandalwood bark, a plant native to southern China, ____40____ (go) through108 procedures over the course of three years before it can transform into fine Xuan paper. The flow of ink determines the output of Chinese art, and Xuan paper outshines others with its excellent ability ____41____ (give) full play to ink. Different proportions (比例) of bark to straw during the paper- making process can create different canvases (帆布) best suited ____42____ artistic expression in freehand ink paintings or calligraphy. The unique quality of Xuan paper is ____43____ (high) valued in the world of Chinese calligraphy and painting. Xuan paper is very resistant to damage brought by time. It is this durability ____44____ has made the preservation of many valuable works from ancient China possible. The long history, unique craftsmanship, and high quality of Xuan paper have made it a _____45_____ (treasure) cultural heritage of China. 【答案】36. where 37. was listed 38. popularity 39. demanding 40. goes 41. to give 42. for##to 43. highly 44. that 45. treasured 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国传统的宣纸及其制作工艺和历史地位。 【36题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：“宣纸”一词首次出现在唐代学者张彦远所著的《历代名画记》中，他在书中将宣纸描述为书画的理想载体。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a book，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，意为“在书中”，是模糊地点，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 【37题详解】 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：来自中国东部安徽省泾县的手工宣纸，因其卓越的品质，当时被列为进贡皇家的礼物。list(把……列入名单)是句中谓语动词，与主语Handmade Xuan paper之间是被动关系，结合“as a gift to the imperial court then”可知，讲述过去的事情应使用一般过去时态，又因主语是不可数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般过去时的被动语态，单数形式。故填was listed。 【38题详解】 考查名词。句意：在唐宋时期，宣纸达到了流行和质量的高峰。空处作介词of的宾语，应用名词popularity，表示“流行”。故填popularity。 【39题详解】 考查形容词。句意：制作宣纸的传统工艺极其费工。提示词作表语，应用形容词demanding，表示“费时费力的，费工的”。故填demanding。 【40题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：檀香木树皮，一种原产于中国南方的植物，要经过108道工序，历时三年，才能变成优质的宣纸。go through(经过，经历)是谓语动词，与主语Sandalwood bark之间是主动关系，根据后文“before it can transform into fine Xuan paper”可知，此处表示一般事实，应用一般现在时，主语Sandalwood bark是单数名词，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式goes。故填goes。 【41题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：宣纸以其充分发挥墨水性能的卓越能力而脱颖而出。名词ability常用不定式作后置定语，ability to do“做某事的能力”。故填to give。 【42题详解】 考查介词。句意：造纸过程中树皮与稻草的不同比例可以创造出最适合自由水墨画或书法艺术表达的不同画布。(be) suited for/to表示“适合于”，固定短语。故填for/to。 43题详解】 考查副词。句意：宣纸的独特品质在中国书法和绘画界受到高度评价。空处修饰动词value，应用副词highly，表示“高度地”。故填highly。 【44题详解】 考查强调句。句意：正是这种耐久性使得许多中国古代珍贵作品的保存成为可能。句中使用了强调句型，强调句结构为“It + is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其它部分”，在强调句中，当被强调部分是人时，可以使用who代替that；本句中强调的是原句主语“this durability ”，句子其它部分只能由that引出。故填that。 【45题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：宣纸悠久的历史、独特的工艺和高质量使其成为中国宝贵的文化遗产。提示词treasure(珍惜，珍视)作定语，修饰名词cultural heritage，是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语cultural heritage之间是被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故填treasured。 第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假设你是阳光中学高三学生李华，你校学生会开始筹备2022届高三成人仪式（the coming-of-age ceremony）。现向高三学生征集成人仪式活动方案，请你给学生会负责人写一封信，为成人仪式设计一个活动方案，方案需要包括： 1.为成人仪式制定的主题； 2.为成人仪式设计的活动； 3.设计这些活动的理由。 注意： 1.词数100左右： 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Chairman of the Students’ Union, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Chairman of the Students’ Union, I was informed that the Student Union will collect plans for the coming of age ceremony of senior Three in 2022. Now I am writing to offer a plan. The theme of the activity I suggest is “Growth & Gratitude” because I think it is very important for senior three students to appreciate their parents’ hard work. The content of the activity includes student representative giving speech, teacher representative giving speech and parents representative giving speech to express their expectations of students. The last activity is for all students to sign autographs to gives students the opportunity to make a wish and express their future plans. Through these activities, students will realize the significance of growing up and what their parents and teachers expect of them. I hope you can adopt the plan I suggested. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本文是应用文。假设你是阳光中学高三学生李华，你校学生会开始筹备2022届高三成人仪式（the coming-of-age ceremony）。现向高三学生征集成人仪式活动方案，请你给学生会负责人写一封信，为成人仪式设计一个活动方案，方案需要包括：为成人仪式制定的主题；为成人仪式设计的活动；设计这些活动的理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 重要的：important→of importance 感激：appreciate→be grateful for 表达：express→convey 机会：opportunity→chance 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：The last activity is for all students to sign autographs to gives students the opportunity to make a wish and express their future plans. 拓展句：The last activity is for all students to sign autographs, which can give students the opportunity to make a wish and express their future plans. 【点睛】[高分句型1] I was informed that the Student Union will collect plans for the coming of age ceremony of senior Three in 2022. (运用了that引导的宾语从句) [高分句型2] The theme of the activity I suggest is “Growth & Gratitude” because I think it is very important for senior three students to appreciate their parents’ hard work.(运用了because引导的状语从句) 第二节 （满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 My dad, George, only had an eighth grade education. A quiet man, he didn’t understand my world of school activities. From age 14, he worked. And his dad, Albert, took the money my dad earned and used it to pay family expenses. I didn’t really understand his world either: He was a livestock trucker, and I thought that I would surpass (超过) anything he had accomplished by the time I walked across the stage at high school graduation. Summers in the mid-70s were spent at home shooting baskets, hitting a baseball, or throwing a football, preparing for my future as a quarterback on a football team. In poor weather, I read about sports or practiced my trombone (长号). The summer before my eighth grade I was one of a group of boys that a neighboring farmer hired to work in his field. He explained our basic task, the tractor fired up and we were off, riding down the field looking for weeds to spray with chemicals. After a short way, the farmer stopped and pointed at a weed which we missed. Then we began again. This happened over and over, but we soon learned to identify different grasses like cockleburs, lamb’s-quarters, foxtails, and the king of weeds, the pretty purple thistle. It was tiring work, but I looked forward to the pay, even though I wasn’t sure how much it would amount to. At home, my dad said, “A job’s a big step to growing up. I’m glad you will be contributing to the household.” My dad’s words made me realize that my earnings might not be mine to do with as I wished. My labors lasted about two weeks, and the farmer said there might be more work, but I wasn’t interested. I decided it was not fair that I had to contribute my money. 注意： 1.所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Paragraph 1： When I bought my paycheck home — it was $119 — my dad wanted to talk to me. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2： I was surprised that my dad allowed me to use the money as I wished. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When I brought my payback home — it was $119 — my dad wanted to talk to me. He told me to wait in the living room for a while. Silence reigned in the room. I sat on the sofa, eyes glued to the money I earned. I kept digging in my mind for words to argue with dad if he announced that the money wasn’t mine. Just then, the door opened and in came my dad. The moment he sat down beside me, I gripped the paycheck more firmly, ready to argue. However, he gently placed his right hand on my shoulder and said, “I know you have grown up a lot through your work …” Then there was a long pause. He withdrew his hand and slowly continued, “You deserve the money and the money is yours now.” I was surprised that my dad allowed to use the money as I wished. In the blink of an eye, numerous fun activities I could do presented themselves to me. I sprang to my feet and kept jumping, still wild with joy and astonishment. On that day, after calculating my budget, I went to the local store and bought many things I wanted — a new football, a baseball bat and a pair of sneakers and so on. Better yet, the idea of giving back to the farmer and working more popped into my mind. At exactly that moment, I realized why my father let me have the money — it was his expectation for my future, his encouragement and quiet love. And that was something I might never surpass. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者高中毕业后，参加农场工作，辛辛苦苦挣到的钱，不情愿贡献给家庭，后来在与父亲的对话中，作者的父亲允许作者安排自己赚来的零花钱，但是作者深受启发，明白了父亲对自己未来的期望，作者也终于想通，并自豪地将自己劳动所得交给父亲的故事。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“当我把119美元的工资支票拿回家时，我爸爸想和我谈谈。”可知，第一段可描写作者和爸爸之间针对于如何花费这笔钱展开了对话和父亲做出安排。 ②由第二段首句内容“我很惊讶，我爸爸允许我按自己的意愿使用这笔钱。”可知，第二段可描写作者如何计划使用这笔钱，并最终明白要奉献这笔钱然后自豪地把钱交给了父亲。 2. 续写线索：高兴——计划——不情愿——发现——奉献——自豪——感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①一起走路：walk together/accompany him/keep him company ②.回家：go back home/return home ③.拒绝：shake his head/decline/refuse politely 情绪类 ①. 紧紧地：firmly/tightly ②. 惊喜和愉悦：with joy and astonishment/greatly joyful and astonished 【点睛】[高分句型1]. The moment he sat down beside me, I gripped the paycheck more firmly, ready to argue. (运用了the moment引导的时间状语从句) [高分句型2]. At exactly that moment, I realized why my father let me have the money — it was his expectation for my future, his encouragement and quiet love. (运用了why引导宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$