2.1 命题点4 非谓语动词-【一战成名新中考】2025贵州中考英语（人教版）·一轮复习·教材精讲练优质课件PPT（练册）

英语 1 第二部分 语法专题精讲练 专题一 动词 命题点4 非谓语动词 2 （3年9考：真题每年1～3道，2024省一模2道，2023省一模53题；涉及题 型：句子翻译、语法填空） 3 考点精讲 1.判定本题应使用谓语动词还是非谓语动词：判断句子是否缺少谓语。 （1）若句子缺少谓语，该动词就用谓语动词形式。一般情况下，动词作 谓语放在主语之后，如“I love you.”中的love就是谓语动词； （2）若句中已有谓语动词，且没有并列连词使其与所选动词并列，该动 词就用非谓语动词形式。 4 2.判定本题应使用非谓语动词的哪种形式： （1）根据动词的固定搭配和固定句型来确定； （2）根据非谓语动词的句法功能来确定用哪种形式。如：作主语或宾语， 用动词不定式或动名词；作目的状语，用动词不定式等。 5 考向1 动词不定式（3年5考） 基本形式： to+动词原形（不定式符号to有时可以省略） 否定形式： not to+动词原形。 1.动词不定式（to do）的句法功能 句法功能 用法及例句 作宾语 常见接动词不定式作宾语的动词（词组）（v.+to do sth.） 有：want, afford, agree, choose, decide, fail, used to等。如： I want to keep the classroom clean. 我想保持教室干净。 6 句法功能 用法及例句 作宾语补 足语 常见接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词（v.+sb./sth.+ to do sth.）有：advise, allow, ask, encourage, expect, force等。如： Our teacher advises us to keep the classroom clean. 老师建 议我们保持教室干净。 7 句法功能 用法及例句 作宾语补 足语 注意：一些使役动词和感官动词后接动词不定式作宾语补足语 时，应省略动词不定式中的to，但是变被动语态时，要还原 to。 此类动词常见的有： 三看（see, watch, notice）； 三使（let, make, have）； 一听（hear）和一感觉（feel）。 8 句法功能 用法及例句 作宾语补 足语 如：My mother made me clean my room yesterday morning. = I was made to clean my room by my mother yesterday morning. 昨天早上我妈妈让我打扫我的房间。 9 句法功能 用法及例句 作状语 ►作目的状语 如： Jim got up early to cook breakfast for his mother. 吉 姆早起给他妈妈做早饭。 ►作结果状语 如： Paul is too excited to say anything. 保罗太激动以至于 什么也说不出。 ►作原因状语 如： I am very happy to talk with you. 我很开心和你交 谈。 10 句法功能 用法及例句 作主语 ►动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语，即动词不定式，则被后置。如： It's important to keep the classroom clean. 保持教室干净很 重要。 ►若动词不定式位于句首作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。 如： To help others makes James happy. 帮助别人使詹姆斯快 乐。 11 句法功能 用法及例句 作定语 动词不定式作定语时，要置于被修饰的词之后，作后置定语。 如： I am not free now. I have lots of things to do. 我现在没 空，我有许多事情要做。 作表语 动词不定式作表语时，常位于系动词之后。如： My purpose is to keep the classroom clean. 我的目的是保 持教室干净。 12 2.动词不定式的常用句型 （1）too+adj.+to do sth. 太……而不能做某事 （2）adj.+enough to do sth. 足够……做某事 （3）prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 （4）It's+adj.（+for sb.）+to do sth. （对某人来说，）做某事是……的。 （5）It's+adj.+of sb.+to do sth. 某人做某事是……的。 （6）It's time to do sth. 该是做某事的时候了。 （7）It's one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事了。 （8）It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. 某人花费多长时间做某事。 13 3.“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法 （1）动词不定式与疑问词连用可作主语、宾语或表语。如： When to go to Beijing hasn't been decided yet. （作主语） I haven't decided when to leave Beijing.（作宾语） My question is how to go to Beijing. （作表语） （2）“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语时可以转化为宾语从句。如： Can you tell me where to buy a cup? =Can you tell me where I can buy a cup？ 14 考向2 动名词（2024省一模45题，2023.40） 1.动名词（v. -ing）的句法功能 句法功能 用法及例句 作宾语 作动词宾语：常见接动名词作宾语的动词（v.+ doing sth.） 有：avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, imagine, keep等。如： I enjoy playing football very much. 我非常喜欢踢足球。 作介词宾语： I have no experience in teaching English. 我 没有教英语的经验。 作主语 若动名词位于句首作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。如： Getting up early is a good habit. 早起是个好习惯。 15 句法功能 用法及例句 作表语 His job is teaching Chinese in a school. 他的工作是在一所 学校教汉语。 作定语 We need a washing machine. 我们需要一台洗衣机。 16 2.动名词的常用搭配或句型 （1）be good at/do well in doing sth. 擅长做某事 （2）be interested in doing sth./have （an） interest in doing sth. 对做 某事感兴趣 （3）be/get/become used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 （4）be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 （5）be worth doing sth. 值得做某事 （6）can't help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事 17 （7）feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 （8）give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 （9）have a hard time in doing sth. 做某事很艰难 （10）have difficulty/problems/trouble （in） doing sth. 做某事有困难 （11）have fun （in） doing sth./have a good time （in） doing sth. 做 某事很开心 （12）have luck （in） doing sth. 做某事有运气 （13）look forward to doing sth. 期望做某事 18 （14）prefer doing… to doing… 喜欢做……胜过做…… （15）stick to doing sth./hold on to doing sth. 坚持做某事 （16）pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事 （17）spend+时间/金钱+ （in） doing sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事 （18）succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事 （19）Thank sb. for doing sth. 因某人做了某事而感谢某人。 （20）What/How about doing sth.? 做某事怎么样？ 19 注意 有一些动词后面既可以接动名词，也可以接动词不定式： （1）意义相同类 ①like/love to do sth.=like/love doing sth. 喜欢/喜爱做某事 ②begin/start to do sth.=begin/start doing sth. 开始做某事 ③hate to do sth.=hate doing sth. 讨厌做某事 20 （2）意义不同类 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事（已做） forget to do sth.忘记去做某事（未做） remember doing sth.记得做过某事（已做） remember to do sth.记得去做某事（未做） regret doing sth.对做过的事感到后悔（已做） regret to do sth.对要做的事感到遗憾（未做） 21 mean doing sth.意味着做某事 mean to do sth.打算做某事 need to do sth.（某人）需要做某事 need doing sth.（某物）需要被…… stop doing sth.停止做某事 stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事 try doing sth.尝试做某事 try to do sth.设法/努力做某事 22 考向3 分词（2024.51，2023.51） 1. 分词的用法 分词包括现在分词（v.-ing）和过去分词（v.-ed），其常见用法有： 用法 例句 作补足语 现在分词作补足语，被修饰 的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主 语（即主动关系）。 I hear my sister singing. 我听见我姐姐/妹妹在唱歌。 过去分词作补足语，被修饰 的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾 语（即动宾关系）。 I had my hair cut last night. 昨天晚上我理发了。 23 用法 例句 作定语 现在分词作定语，所修饰的 词是其逻辑主语。 Do you know the boy playing football？你认识 正在踢球的那个男孩吗？ 过去分词作定语，所修饰的词是其逻辑宾语。 Please hand in your written exercise. 请上交你（们）的书面练习。 24 2. 现在分词与过去分词的区别 角度 意义 示例 语态 现在分词表示主 动意义 a sleeping girl 一个正在睡觉的女孩 an exciting story 一个令人兴奋的故事 过去分词表示被 动意义 the moved people 被感动的人们 a broken mirror 打碎的镜子 25 角度 意义 示例 时间 现在分词表示正 在进行的动作 the developing country 发展中国家 boiling water 正在沸腾的水 过去分词表示已 完成的动作 the developed country 发达国家 boiled water 已经煮开过的水（可能是凉开 水） 考点精练 一、句子翻译 1.[2024贵阳云岩区二模]百闻不如一见。 It is better to see for oneself rather than ___ ______ for many times. to hear 2.我们都在忙着为即将到来的运动会做准备。 We are all busy __________ ____ the coming sports meeting. preparing for 3.老师的帮助使我有可能取得如此大的进步。 The teacher's help made it possible for me ___ ______ so much progress. to make 27 4.为了提高英语水平，我们应该多练习听、说、读、写。 ____ _________ English level, we should practice listening, speaking, reading and writing more. To improve 5.现在，越来越多的人因为方便而喜欢在网上购物。 Nowadays, more and more people enjoy __________ _______ because of the convenience. shopping online 6.经常与家庭成员沟通有助于建立和谐的家庭关系。 ________________ ______ family members frequently can help to build a harmonious family relationship. Communicating with 28 二、在空白处填入1个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。 易错点专练 1.I remember ________（put） my math book on my table, but it's not there now. 2.Remember _________（wash） hands before having meals. It's a good habit for our health. 3.After studying for a long time, I feel tired now and I will stop ________（have） a good rest. putting to wash to have 29 4.Elephants are in great danger, so we must stop ________（buy） things made of ivory. 5.Mike regretted _________（spend） so much time on computer games before the exam. 6.We regret _______（tell） you that our library will be closed for four days for the repairs. 7.It took him half an hour _________（clean） his room yesterday. 8.Children should be taught good _______（eat） habits from an early age. buying spending to tell to clean eating 30 9.In our classroom, there are many desks and chairs ______（make） of wood. 10.Everyone should know how ________（save） themselves when a fire breaks out. 11._________（nod） is a good way to show politeness when someone else is talking to you. 12.Please pay attention to ________（look） at the traffic lights when you go across the street. made to save Nodding looking 31 13.After _________（finish） her homework on weekends, Lisa always helps her mom do chores. 14.Beijing is the first city in the world ________（hold） both the Summer Olympics and the Winter Olympics. 15.___________（compare） with newspapers or TV, the Internet offers people more information. finishing to hold Compared 32 三、语法填空 For 16-year-old Angus, working in the garden isn't just a hobby—it has changed his life. Angus has a special illness and his IQ is lower than a normal boy. Six months ago, his father started 1._________________（teach） him how to grow flowers. Now he spends hours in the garden 2._________ （grow） flowers, watering and looking after them. “Before 3._________（work） in the garden, it was difficult for Angus to focus on his schoolwork. And sometimes he didn't want 4.______（go） to to teach/teaching growing working to go 33 school,” said his mother Kim. “Now he looks forward to 5._________ （study） in school and he is happy every day. We can see Angus is able 6._________ （work） in a garden center in the future.” A research shows that working in the garden improves mental （精神的） health. Some doctors also advise people like Angus to work in the garden. When working in the garden, children have a chance 7._________（learn） a lot of important skills, such as how to work with other people and how 8.________ （take） care of plants. Besides, the children become more confident than before after working in the garden because they can do one thing well. studying to work to learn to take $$