内容正文:
外研社八上 知识点总结
八年级上册Module 12&revision module B知识点总结
一、重点短语
1. first aid 急救
2. basic medical help 基础医疗帮助 basic medical training 基本的医疗培训
3. at the bottom of 在...的底部
4. make a sound 发出声音
5. be in pain 处于痛苦之中
6. first of all 首先;最初
7. find out 查明;弄清楚
8. have trouble doing=have problem doing=have difficulty doing 做某事有困难
9. shout for help 呼救
10. lift up 升起;提起来;高举;扶起
11. make sb+adj 使某人怎样
12. sit sb on a chair 让某人坐在椅子上
13. cover...with... 用...覆盖...
14. such...that... 如此...以至于...
15. call for help 呼救 call for 提倡;需要
16. stay away from 远离...
17. warn sb about sth 警告某人关于某事;提醒某人注意
18. have no idea 不知道
19. jump out of 从...中跳出来
20. keep clear of 避开;远离
21. keep calm 保持冷静
22. move away from 远离;从...离开
23. power lines 电线 falling rocks 落石
24. run away from sp 逃离某处 run out of 从...中跑出来
25. in short=in a word=all in all 总之
26. hide under a table 躲在桌下
27. make a list of 列一张...的清单/表单
28. on the playground 在操场上
29. fall down 掉落;摔倒;倒塌
30. train hard 努力训练
31. because of 因为 heavy rain 大雨
32. act quickly 快速行动
33. be proud of = take pride in 对...感到骄傲/自豪
34. save sb from sth 从...中拯救某人
35. cause a lot of damage 造成很大的损害
36. go for a walk 去散步
37. fall over 绊倒;跌倒 begin to do 开始做某事
38. by oneself 靠自己;独自一人 free time 空闲时间
39. be against the law 违反法律
40. make noise 发出噪音 be in danger 处于危险之中;濒临灭绝
41. get rid of 摆脱 with the help of 在...的帮助下
42. grow up 长大
2、 重点句型
1. But he could have trouble hearing you or speaking to you.
但是他有可能难以听到你或者和你说话。
【解析】句中的 could 表示推测。
例如:You could be right. 你可能是对的。
have trouble doing sth. 的意思是“做……有困难”。
例如:We never have any trouble getting the car started. 发动这辆车子我们从没费过劲儿。
2. That’s such good advice that you could be a doctor, Betty!
这个建议非常好,贝蒂,你都可以当医生了!
【解析】such... that... 这个句型表达“如此……以至于……”的意思,such 后面接名词,名词
前可以有形容词修饰。如果只有形容词或副词,则要使用 so... that... 这一句型。例如:
It is such a tiny kitchen that only one person can cook in it.
这个厨房很小,只能容下一个人在里面做饭。
They are such nice people that we all like them. 他们人很好,我们都喜欢他们。
He was so weak that he could hardly stand up. 他很虚弱,几乎站不起来。
Everything happened so quickly that I hadn’t time to think.
一切发生得太快了,我都没有时间思考。
3. Keep calm, especially when you are with other people.
保持镇静,尤其是当身边还有其他人的时候。
【解析】keep calm 是系动词+形容词构成的动词短语。其他的行为动词还能作系动词的有:
Become, feel, look, seem 等。
例如:Everybody became quiet. 所有人都安静下来了。
He looked a little nervous. 他看上去有点儿紧张。
3、 单元语法
【祈使句】
祈使句表达说话人对对方的叮嘱、劝告、希望、禁止、建议、请求或命令等。祈使句一
般以动词原形开头,无时态和数的变化。常见的句型如下:
1. 动词原形构成的祈使句
此类祈使句暗含的主语是 you,但通常省略。否定句往往由 do not (don’t) 或 never 开头。
祈使句的句首或句末有时加 please,还可以加上称呼语,用逗号与句子主体隔开。
例如:
Have a nice day! 祝你度过美好的一天!
Don’t waste your time! 别浪费时间了!
Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了!
Come this way, please. 请走这边。
Please be quiet, boys! 男孩们,请安静!
2. let’s 构成的祈使句
这类祈使句往往用于提出建议。例如:
Let’s spend this weekend in the countryside. 这周咱们到乡下度周末吧。
Let’s take a taxi, shall we? 我们坐出租车好吗?
3. 无动词祈使句
在请求、命令和口号中,常用无动词祈使句,它实际上是省略了动词,从而使语句更简
洁有力。
例如:Just a minute, please! 请稍等!
This way, please! 请这边走!
【情态动词 must, can, could 表示推测】
我们学习过情态动词can和could表示“能够,可以”等意义的用法。can 和 could 还可以表示对现在或将来的推测,意为“会,可能”,但 can 表示推测时,往往用于否定句和疑
问句。用于疑问句时,can比could表示的“可能性”要大;用于否定句时,cannot (can’t) 表示“不可能”。
例如:
You can’t be serious! 你不是认真的吧!
could 则可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。在以下例句中,can 和 could 均表示可能:
He could be in pain. 他可能很疼。
That could be harmful! 那可能有害!
Can/Could this be true? 这有可能是真的吗 ?
情态动词 must 也可以表示猜测,意思为“一定,准是”,通常只用于肯定句。
Betty, you must know! 贝蒂,你肯定知道!
四、单元写作
针对地震的偶发性特点,以及地震多发生在云南、四川和西藏等地,请你给那些地方的学生提供一些地震来临时的建议。
1.保持冷静,听老师指引;
2.待在桌子下面直到晃动结束;
3.远离高层建筑物,有可能的话,到操场上去。
【范文】
Earthquakes always happen suddenly, and they often happen in Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet. An earthquake can cause a lot of damage. So we should often think of the ways to keep safe during an earthquake. First of all, we’d better keep calm and do everything the teacher tells us. It’s necessary for us to hide under a desk quickly and do not move.What’s more, we must stay away from windows and high buildings because they may fall down. If possible, we’d better go to the playground, and stay where you are until the earth stops shaking. These are very helpful suggestions. If you follow these, you can stay safe in an earthquake.
【好句积累】
1. So we should often think of the ways to keep safe during an earthquake.
2. We’d better keep calm and do everything the teacher tells us.
3. What’s more, we must stay away from windows and high buildings because they may fall down.
4.If possible, we’d better go to the playground, and stay where you are until the earth stops shaking.
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