内容正文:
教材精讲练·贵州英语
语
法
专
题
精
讲
练
专项提升 名词的适当形式填空
(3 年 5 考:真题除 2024 年外,每年 1~2 道,2024 省一模 51 题,2023 省一模 51 题;
涉及题型:语法填空、2022 写作第一节)
考点精讲
用所给名词的适当形式填空主要涉及:①名
词单数变复数;②名词变形容词。
考向 1 名词变复数(3 年 4 考)
1. 填复数的判定方法(见本专题命题点 名词的数)
2. 变形方法
(1)规则变化
类别 构成方法 示例
一般情况 加-s
rule→①
friend→②
hand→③
以字母 s,
x, sh, ch
结尾的词
加-es
box→④
class→⑤
brush→⑥
watch→⑦
特例:stomach→⑧
以辅音字
母加 y 结尾
的词
变 y 为 i,
再加-es
century→⑨
country→⑩
baby→
lady→
以 f 或 fe 结
尾的词
变 f 或 fe
为 v, 再
加-es
leaf→
knife→
shelf→
wife→
特例:roof→
belief→
以 o 结
尾的词
有生命的
加-es
tomato→
potato→
hero→
特例:bamboo→
无生命的
加-s
photo→
piano→
radio→
zoo→
(2)不规则变化
构成方法 示例
a→e 型
man→
woman→
fireman→
postman→
gentleman→
policeman→
policewoman→
特例:human→
oo→ee 型
foot→
tooth→
特例:boot→boots
“某国人”
变化口诀
①中日永不变
Chinese→
Japanese→
②英法 a 变 e
Englishman→
Frenchman→
③其余 s 加后面
African→
American→
Asian→
Australian→
Canadian→
European→
German→
Indian→
Italian→
Korean→
Russian→
38
教材精讲练·贵州英语
语
法
专
题
精
讲
练
续表
构成方法 示例
单复数同形
deer→
sheep→
合成词:将
主体词变
为复数
passer-by→passers-by
toothbrush→toothbrushes
拓展
名词作定语时,其单复数的变化情况如下:
1.被 man / woman 修饰的名词变复数时,需将该名
词和 man / woman 均变为复数形式。 如:
a man doctor→two men doctors
a woman teacher→two women teachers
2.被其他名词修饰的名词变复数时,只需把该名
词变为复数。 如:
a girl student→two girl students
a birthday gift→two birthday gifts
考向 2 名词变形容词(2023.47)
1. 填形容词的判定方法
(1)所填词位于名词前作定语;
(2)所填词位于 be 动词后作表语;
(3)所填词位于形容词短语中,其结构为:be 动
词+形容词+介词;
(4)所填词位于感官动词和连系动词之后;
(5)所填词位于复合不定代词后作后置定语;
(6)所填词位于定冠词 the 后表示一类人;
(7)所填词位于固定句型 It is+adj.(+for / of sb.)+
to do sth. 和 make / keep / leave + sb. / sth. +
adj.中;
(8)所填词位于“形容词 + and / or +形容词” 结
构中。
2. 变形方法
注意:以下变形中有的名词需要双写末尾字母或
去掉末尾字母 e 或把末尾字母 y 变为 i 再加后缀
构成方法 示例
n.+ -y
snow→①
cloud→②
health→③
fun→④
sun→⑤
noise→⑥
n.+ -ful
use→⑦
peace→⑧
wonder→⑨
care→⑩
success→
beauty→
n.+ -less
care→
meaning→
use→
n.+ -al
music→
education→
person→
tradition→
culture→
nature→
n.+ -ly
friend→
love→
week→
day→
n.+ -ous
danger→
humor→
n.+ -e( r)n
east→
west→
gold→
wood→
48
教材精讲练·贵州英语
语
法
专
题
精
讲
练
续表
构成方法 示例
以-ence /
-ance 结尾
的名词,
把-ence /
-ance 变成
-ent / -ant
confidence→
difference→
importance→
patience→
表示国家
的名词变
为表示国
籍、语言的
形容词
America→
India→
Australia→
China→
Japan→
Britain→
England→
特殊变形
pride→
hunger→
truth→
考向 3 名词变名词
1. 填名词的判定方法(见本书 P77)
2. 初中常见的名词变名词
art→① tour→②
violin→③ piano→④
science→⑤ music→⑥
magic→⑦ law→⑧
friend→⑨ office→⑩
考向 4 名词变名词所有格
1. 填名词所有格的判定方法
(1)空格处所填词和空格后的名词是一种所属关系;
(2)空格处所填词是表示时间、距离、国家等无生
命的词,空格后是名词。
2. 名词所有格的构成
名词所有格共有三种形式: s 所有格;of 所
有格;双重所有格。 具体情况如下:
(1) s 所有格
类别 构成方法 示例
单数名词 加 s
the boys book
your fathers birthday
a days work
Chinas capital
复数
名词
不以 -s
结尾
加 s Childrens Day
以 -s
结尾
加 the girls mom
表示几个人共
同拥有
在 最 后 一
个 名 词 后
加 s
Lucy and Lilys father
表示每个人各
自拥有
在 每 个 名
词后加 s
Jennys and Saras teachers
注意
1. 表示诊所、某人的家、店铺、住宅、公共建筑等
地名时,所有格后面的名词常省略。 如:
at Marys 在玛丽家
go to the dentists 去牙医诊所
2. 一些节日的表达用的是 s 所有格。 如:
New Years Day 新年
Womens Day 妇女节
April Fools Day 愚人节
Mothers Day 母亲节
Childrens Day 儿童节
Fathers Day 父亲节
Teachers Day 教师节
(2)of 所有格
of 所有格的构成为:“名词+of+名词”,主要有
以下两种用法:
①用于表示无生命事物的所有关系时,如:
the owner of the schoolbag;
②用于表示有生命事物的所有关系时,特别
是当这些所有者有较长的定语时,如: the
name of the girl in red。
58
教材精讲练·贵州英语
语
法
专
题
精
讲
练
考点精练
一、在空白处填入 1 个适当的词或括号内单词的
正确形式。
1. People like to go camping on warm
(sun) days in spring.
2. My grandfather likes collecting things, such as
(watch) and coins.
3. Sam sticks to playing the violin and he dreams of
being a (violin) some day.
4. Guiyang is one of the most important center
(city) in the southwest of China.
5. Dangerous things like ( knife ) and
medicine should be kept out of childrens reach.
6. Alices room is tidy because she always puts away
her (toy) after playing with them.
7. How brave the two young (man) are!
They saved the 8-year-old girl from a big fire.
8. When we learn some new words, we should use
them as much as possible in our (day)
life.
9. What a ( success) speech Cathy has
made after preparing for it for a long time!
10. Pandas are the symbol of peace and
(friend). They are Chinas national treasures.
11. The Lantern Festival is a ( tradition)
Chinese festival, and it also marks the end of
the Spring Festival.
12. Knowledge can help open up
(student) eyes to the outside world and give
them a good start in life.
二、语法填空
My hobby is collecting stickers(贴画). It is
also one of the most popular 1. ( hobby)
among us. 2. ( child ) can enjoy this
hobby because it is not expensive.
I started collecting stickers when I was four
years old. One day when I was playing in my
3. ( neighbor) house, he showed me his
stacks of sticker albums(相册). I was amazed to
see so many 4. ( color) stickers of all
shapes and sizes. He gave me a few pieces from his
collection. My interest in stickers started from
that day.
I kept my first set of stickers in a notebook but
my subsequent (随后的) collections were kept in
5. ( beauty ) boxes. By keeping the
stickers in 6. ( box), I can exchange
some of my stickers with my friends.
After my family 7. (member) knew
my hobby of collecting stickers, they began to buy
stickers for me whenever they came across nice
ones. I love those stickers from my cousin who is an
air hostess. She bought them from different
8. (country) around the world.
During my free time, I will take out all my
9. ( love) collections, lay them on the
ground and enjoy them. I want to be an
10. ( art ) and keep collecting stickers
when I grow up. They really bring me great
happiness.
68
参考答案及解析·贵州英语
教
材
精
讲
练
5. be washed 6. are made 7. be seen
命题点 4
一、1. to; hear 2. preparing; for 3. to; make 4. To;
improve 5. shopping;online 6. Communicating;with
二、1. putting 2. to wash 3. to have 4. buying
5. spending 6. to tell 7. to clean 8. eating
9. made 10. to save 11. Nodding 12. looking
13. finishing 14. to hold 15. Compared
三、1. to teach / teaching 2. growing 3. working 4. to go
5. studying 6. to work 7. to learn 8. to take
命题点 5
一、1. are 2. is 3. spends 4. help 5. was 6. goes
7. love 8. gives 9. are 10. hopes 11. plays
12. needs 13. has 14. were 15. offers 16. wants
二、1. likes 2. get 3. relaxes 4. makes 5. is
6. means 7. wins 8. works 9. show 10. pay
专项提升
知识必备 1 ①singer ②worker ③actor ④director
⑤dancer ⑥lover ⑦meaning ⑧building ⑨feeling
⑩meeting reading beginning swimming
achievement agreement development enjoyment
improvement movement collection discussion
communication invitation introduction production
pronunciation competition decision description
choice failure success weight
知识必备 2 ①bored / boring ②excited / exciting
③interested / interesting ④relaxed / relaxing ⑤surprised /
surprising ⑥creative ⑦active ⑧believable
⑨comfortable ⑩enjoyable valuable broken
dead alive / living / lively
一、1. Learning;English 2. have;realized 3. will;hold
4. to;enjoy 5. were;sent
二、1. active 2. waiting 3. pleased 4. invention
5. feeling 6. choices 7. to improve 8. studies
9. flew 10. runners 11. thrown 12. were discussing
13. broken 14. comfortable 15. teacher 16. lively
三、1. meaning 2. be enjoyed 3. to listen 4. Comparing
5. feelings 6. makes 7. useful 8. saying
9. speaks 10. relaxed
专题二
命题点
一、1. teeth 2. advice 3. leaves 4. exercise
5. children 6. heroes 7. experience
二、1. lives 2. universities 3. girls 4. parents
5. chance 6. money 7. classes 8. years 9. students
10. education
专项提升
考向 1 ①rules ②friends ③hands ④boxes ⑤classes
⑥brushes ⑦watches ⑧stomachs ⑨centuries
⑩countries babies ladies leaves knives
shelves wives roofs beliefs tomatoes
potatoes heroes bamboos photos pianos
radios zoos men women firemen
postmen gentlemen policemen policewomen
humans feet teeth Chinese Japanese
Englishmen Frenchmen Africans Americans
Asians Australians Canadians Europeans
Germans Indians Italians Koreans
Russians deer sheep
考向 2 ①snowy ②cloudy ③healthy ④funny
⑤sunny ⑥noisy ⑦useful ⑧peaceful ⑨wonderful
⑩careful successful beautiful careless
meaningless useless musical educational
personal traditional cultural natural
friendly lovely weekly daily dangerous
humorous eastern western golden wooden
confident different important patient
American Indian Australian Chinese
Japanese British English proud hungry
true
考向 3 ①artist ②tourist ③violinist ④pianist
⑤scientist ⑥musician ⑦magician ⑧lawyer
⑨friendship ⑩officer
一、1.sunny 2. watches 3. violinist 4. cities
5. knives 6. toys 7. men 8. daily 9. successful
10. friendship 11. traditional 12. students
二、1. hobbies 2. Children 3. neighbors 4. colorful
5. beautiful 6. boxes 7. members 8. countries
9. lovely 10. artist
专题三
命题点
一、1. stronger 2. greatest 3. harder 4. funniest
5. earlier
二、1. youngest 2. later 3. oldest / eldest 4. thin
5. taller 6. shortest 7. best 8. longest
9. more beautiful 10. more excellent 11. faster
12. most famous 13. more outgoing 14. more 15. better
专项提升
①widely ②really ③completely ④quickly ⑤seriously
⑥directly ⑦finally ⑧politely ⑨angrily ⑩busily
easily happily (un)luckily comfortably
gently simply terribly (im)possibly truly
fully
一、1. hottest 2. healthily 3. truly 4. easier 5. fully
6. simply 7. completely 8. further 9. worst
二、1. badly 2. really 3.stricter 4. more 5. importance
6. clearly 7. older 8. better
专题四
命题点 1
一、1. mine 2. him 3. herself 4. ours 5. himself
6. her 7. its 8. your 9. themselves 10. yours
11. them 12. their
二、1. yourself 2. your 3. me 4. itself 5. us 6. our
7. it 8. ourselves 9. my 10. you 11. myself
12. his 13. her
命题点 2
1. B 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. B
9. E 10. D 11. A 12. B 13. C 14. D 15. B
16. E 17. A 18. C 19. A 20. C 21. B 22. D
命题点 3
1. B 2. E 3. A 4. F 5. C 6. D
72