2025年河南中考英语二轮复习课件：名词

名词 1 语法精讲 语法精讲 语法精讲 语法精讲 语法精讲 语法精讲 语法精讲 语法精讲 语法精讲 语法精讲 2 即学即练 photos mistakes Germans minutes' teeth 语法精讲 sheep day's members heroes tourists 语法精讲 语法精讲 语法精讲 √ √ √ √ 语法精讲 √ √ √ √ 语法精讲 attractions purpose things 语法精讲 dreams mountains appreciation 语法精讲 meaning shapes trees 语法精讲 leaves 语法精讲 考点1 可数名词单复数 修饰可数名词的词或短语有:不定冠词a/an, some, many, several, (a) few, a lot of, a number of, plenty of, lots of等。 1.单数变复数的规则变化 规则 变化 示例 一般情况下 直接加 s book books 以 s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词 直接加 es bus buses; box boxes; watch watches; brush brushes 以 f, fe 结尾的名词 变 f或 fe为 v,再加 es leaf leaves; knife knives 【巧学妙记】树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己(self)黄,妻子(wife)操刀(knife)去割粮;架(shelf)后窜出一只狼(wolf),就像小偷(thief)逃命(life)忙。 以辅音字母加 y结尾的名词 变 y为 i, 再加 es baby babies; story stories 以辅音字母加 o结尾的名词 多数加 s, 有些加 es radio radios; hero heroes 【巧学妙记】加 es的词有:英雄(hero)爱吃土豆(potato)和西红柿(tomato)。 以元音字母加 y结尾的单词,在词尾直接加 s。如:boy boys; day days。 2.单数变复数的不规则变化 变化 示例 改 a为 e man men; policeman policemen 注意:German Germans 改 oo为 ee foot feet; tooth teeth 单复数同形 Chinese Chinese; Japanese Japanese; sheep sheep; deer deer 其他形式 child children; ox oxen; mouse mice 1.常以复数形式出现的名词有:trousers,socks,gloves,glasses,shoes等。它们作主语时,谓语动词均用复数。但是如果其前面有a pair of等量词修饰时,谓语动词要由量词的单复数决定。 2.当名词作定语修饰另一个名词时,常把最后一个名词变复数,如:a girl student two girl students;但第一个名词若是man/woman时,两个名词都要变复数,如:a man teacher two men teachers。 3.family, team, group, class, government, army, police等集体名词作主语时,如果强调整体,谓语动词用单数;如果强调集体中的每一个成员,则用复数。 考点2 不可数名词 一般指物质名词和抽象名词,通常没有复数形式,其前不用冠词a/an或数词。不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 不可数名词的量化主要有以下两种形式: (1)表示大概量的词或短语(a lot of/lots of, some, much, a little, little, plenty of, a bit of, a large amount of, the rest of等)+不可数名词。如:some milk。 (2)数词/不定冠词+容器+of+不可数名词。如:a glass of water; two cups of tea。 有些名词,既能作可数名词,又能作不可数名词,但其含义不同。 单词 可数名词 不可数名词 experience 经历 经验 paper 报纸;论文;试卷 纸 room 房间 空间 work 作品 工作 glass 眼镜 玻璃 time 次数;倍数 时间 考点3 名词所有格 分类 构成 示例 's所 有格 在单数名词后加 's Linda's friends 以 s结尾的复数名词后只加' girls' names Teachers' Day 不规则复数名词后加 's Women's Day 表示共有时,在最后一个名词后加 's This is Lucy and Lily's mother. 表示分别拥有时,在各个名词后加 's Tom's and Jean's rooms are big. of所有格 of+名词 the color of the cover 双重所 有格 of+名词's a photo of Mary's of+名词性物主代词 a friend of mine 1.有些表示时间、距离等无生命的名词后面,也可以用 's所有格。 two hours' walk步行两小时的路程 2.表示某人的家、店铺、诊所等的所有格时,地点名词常省略。 at Mr.Wang's在王先生家;at the doctor's 在诊所 3.of所有格也可用于有生命的东西。此时可与 's所有格互换。 the girl's name=the name of the girl 基础训练 从方框中选择恰当的单词,并用其适当形式填空,每空限填一词,每词限用一次。 hero day mistake tourist sheep member tooth photo German minute 1.(2024 易中考改编)These nice _ were taken by my teachers last week. 2.(2024 易中考改编)It's important to learn from _ and become stronger. 3.(2024 易中考改编)Last winter holiday, we met some _ in Harbin. They liked Harbin so much. 4.(2024 易中考改编)It is reported that 30 _ walk every day is healthy enough. 5.(2024 易中考改编)—Tom! Please brush your _ carefully twice a day! —OK, I will. 6.(2024 易中考改编)There are many _ eating grass over there. 7.(2024 易中考改编)We had a bad time that day, but the next _ trip was pretty good. 8.(2024 易中考改编)China's Communist Youth League (中国共产主义青年团) has around 74.17 million _. 9.(2024 易中考改编)Qi Jiguang is one of the greatest national _ in China. We will remember him forever. 10.(2024 易中考改编)Every year, Yangzhou offers a magical and special experience for its _. 语篇提升 一、完形填空(名词专项练) Zhang Guimei is the headmaster of Huaping High School for Girls in Lijiang, Southwest China's Yunnan Province. She has been granted(授予) the title “Role Model of the Times” for her devotion(奉献) to the 1 for girls from poor families. The school, which was set up by Zhang in 2008, provides free education for girls who have been unable to continue their studies after completing their compulsory(义务的) education. Anybody who knows Zhang's own conditions would be deeply moved by her situation. She has spent most of her 2 she received on her students. Although having serious 3 problems, she never stayed in hospital. For 12 years, she has covered 110,000 kilometers visiting her students' families. Zhang loves the children like they were her own. She says, “Love is the key for heart to heart 4 between teachers and students.” She also has a part time 5 as head of the local Children's Home, caring for more than 130 orphans(孤儿). Thanks to her 6 , 1,645 girls from the huge mountains have entered universities through her education. Zhang has been helping to improve the area as a whole. Influenced by her, many of her students have chosen to teach in poor 7 , while some even went back to teach in her high school. What she has done will be long remembered and encourage more to follow her 8 . 1.A.examination B.knowledge C.education D.suggestion 2.A.mind B.money C.energy D.time 3.A.wealth B.feeling C.health D.medicine 4.A.discussion B.communication C.agreement D.activity 5.A.dream B.choice C.chance D.job 6.A.efforts B.projects C.tasks D.purposes 7.A.schools B.houses C.buildings D.areas 8.A.matter B.excuse C.example D.result 二、语篇填空第一节(名词专项练)(2024 易中考改编) tree dream purpose mountain attraction shape thing meaning leaf appreciation Classical Chinese gardens are purposely designed so that no matter where you stand, you can never see the whole thing at once. The mystery and the discovery have helped the classical gardens of China, especially those in Suzhou, remain popular 1._ after all these years. Put simply, the aim of a classical Chinese garden is to deepen one's admiration for nature. Besides just relaxing in nature, the classical Chinese gardens have another 2._— to inspire artistic expression like poetry, literature or painting. Nearly all Chinese gardens feature the 3._ in the list below. Water Water is a necessary thing that no Chinese garden can go without. The water in a garden typically symbolizes a lake or even the ocean. Water can even symbolize communication, movement and 4._. Rocks Large rocks typically symbolize 5._. Many of the rocks in the Suzhou gardens come from Lake Tai, having been shaped by the flow of water over thousands of years. Smaller rocks are often on show in the fancy halls at a garden's entrance. This shows the 6._ the garden owners had of these rocks. Plants You can't have a garden without plants. Different plants and flowers are used for either symbolic or aesthetic (美学的) purposes — or both. Bamboo, for example, represents strength. Flowers, meanwhile, add color to a garden, with each carrying a symbolic 7._ of its own. Gates & Windows Gates of different 8._ divide different parts of a garden. The most common type of gate, the moon gate, is simply a circle. Windows are placed throughout the garden to allow the passage of light. You can also catch a glimpse of interesting 9._ or rocks on the other side from the window. Pavilions (亭) In Chinese gardens, pavilions are usually placed in some of the best viewing places. Sometimes a pavilion is placed where one can see the reflection (倒影) of the moon at night, or in the best place to listen to the sound of rain on the 10._ above. In the past, pavilions were also used as places for garden owners to reflect, paint and write poems. $$