Unit 1 Science Fiction 一轮复习单元自主检测-2025届高三英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册

选择性必修四Unit1 Science Fiction单元自主检测 1、 基础词汇检查 1.fiction n.　　　　　　　 2.science fiction 　　　　　　　　 3.bonus n.　　　　　　　 4.ridiculous adj.　　　　　　 5.absurd adj.　　　　　　 6.nail n.　　　　　　　 vt.　　　　　　 7.suspend vt.　　　　　　 8.ladder n.　　　　　　　 9.whereas conj.　　　　　　 10.rumour n.　　　　　　　 11.presume vt.& vi.　　　　　 12.fare n.　　　　　　　 13.gramme n.　　　　　　　 14.venue n.　　　　　　　 15.alien n.　　　　　　　 adj.　　　　　　 16.inaction n.　　　　　　　 17.lever n.　　　　　　　 18.panel n.　　　　　　　 19.grip vt.& vi.　　　　　 20.hazy adj.　　　　　　 21.overstatement n.　　　　　　　 22.flour n.　　　　　　　 23.handkerchief n.　　　　　　　 24.maximum adj.　　　　　　　　 n.　　　　　　　 25.stun vt.　　　　　　　 26.　　　　　　 n.诚实正直；完整；完好 27.　　　　　　 n.庄重；庄严；尊严 28.　　　　　　 n.女售货员；女推销员 29.　　　　　　 n.女主席；女董事长；女委员长 30.　　　　　　 n.售货员；推销员 31.　　　　　　 adj.更好的；占优势的；（在级别或重要性上）更高的 32.　　　　　　 n.皮革;[pl.]皮衣;皮外套 33.　　　　　　 adv.向后；倒着；往回 34.　　　　　　 n.侄女；外甥女 35.　　　　　　 n.灯；台灯 36.　　　　　　 adj.随机的；不可思议的 二、单句语法填空 1.In my opinion, it’s not a good idea to 　　　　　　（random） pair up students for the spoken English training class. 2.When he approached near, he saw a water bottle and a small helmet lying nearby.He leaned closer and noticed fresh little 　　　　　　（mud） footsteps disappearing into the woods. 3.There was an 　　　　　　（explode） of applause from the audience at the end of the performance. 4.As a result, adequate preparation is 　　　　　（urge） needed, including practice, nutrition and a perfect plan. 5.Deep in sorrow, the man wondered how to fetch help, 　　　　　　（pace） up and down in the room nervously. 6.When having trouble in learning English, we have an urge 　　　　（know） how to deal with it. 7.It is not only the sandwich but also grandma’s love for me 　　　　　　　　　helps me recover. 8.From my perspective, Chinese medicine is superior 　　　　　　western medicine in a sense. 三、阅读理解 A How can people speak their minds without saying anything? This is a question that scientists have aimed to answer for a long time.Researchers recently brought an upgraded device that can translate users’ brain waves into daily speech. Previously, the team led by Edward Chang at the University of California, San Francisco, developed an AI-based system that can identify up to 50 commonly used words based on the participant’s brain waves.The participant was a paralyzed （瘫痪的） man who had been implanted with 16 electrodes （电极） under his skull. According to their paper published in November, the team upgraded the system which can now translate thoughts into complete sentences on a computer screen. Their tests showed that the device could decode silently spoken letters from a 1,152-word vocabulary at a speed of about 29 characters per minute.The accuracy was up to 94 percent.“It shows strong promise for restoring communication by tapping into the brain’s natural speech machinery,” Chang said to the university’s news website. However, this method can still be problematic since users still need to undergo surgery.Scientists at the University of Texas, US, have tried to translate people’s thoughts without even touching their heads, reported Live Science. The new technique is called fMRI, or functional magnetic resonance imaging （功能性磁共振成像）.It’s a safer way of “reading” brain activity.Active brain cells have more oxygen.By tracking these cells, scientists can translate brain activity. The team asked participants to listen to 16 hours of radio shows while scanning their brains.Then they used a computer algorithm （算法） to create a story based on the fMRI recording.It matched the radio shows pretty well. Also, the algorithm could basically explain the story of a silent movie that the participants watched.The team aims to develop this technology so that it can be used in brain-computer interfaces （脑机接口） designed for people who cannot speak or type. 1.What do we know about the device mentioned in Paragraph 2? A.It was implanted into a man’s heart. B.It can help restore patients’ lost memory. C.It was developed through cooperation. D.It can identify about 50 rarely used words. 2.How does fMRI “read” people’s minds? A.By tracking their active brain cells. B.By putting electrodes into their brains. C.By recording their reaction to radio shows. D.By matching their brain activity with their habits. 3.Why is fMRI chosen compared to the first device mentioned in the story? A.It’s cheaper.　 B.It’s more accurate. C.It’s smaller in size.　 D.It’s safer. 4.What can be concluded about fMRI from the last two paragraphs? A.It can only read what participants hear. B.It can be used in brain-computer interfaces. C.It can read every detail of participants’ minds. D.It cannot work out what people imagine in their heads. B We’ve been told for years that self-driving cars are just approaching.“But it’s time to accept the truth,” said Darrell Etherington on TechCrunch, “They aren’t going to happen in our lifetimes.” I’ve long been excited about the potential of this technology, but my remaining optimism left me finally last month when Ford and Volkswagen announced they were stopping running Argo AI, their autonomous driving tech joint firm.Argo was considered a leader in the field.But Ford feels that “producing profitable, fully autonomous vehicles on a large scale is a long way off”, and it could no longer stomach the increasing costs.This is just the latest setback. True, General Motors is making progress in trialling driverless vehicles on the roads, but only on a small scale.Tesla is pushing ahead with its self-driving technology, but its ambitions can be limited by an investigation that is looking into some accidents involving its “Autopilot” system.Some of the firmest believers in self-driving technology have turned nonbelievers.State-of-the-art robot cars still “struggle” with construction sites, road blocks, and sometimes even simple left turns. I recently took a ride in a self-driving taxi in the city of Chandler, Arizona.There was an undeniable horror-movie aspect to sitting in the back of a vehicle and watching the steering wheel turn autonomously.To my relief, it slowed when other vehicles behaved improperly.I was just about to feel relaxed and text a coworker when the taxi came to a sudden stop at one point.A truck stopped in front of us and wanted to go backwards in order to take a missed turning.Unclear about what to do next, the taxi “chirped （吱吱叫） to call a human specialist to solve the situation”.Fortunately, the truck driver decided to drive on and we continued our way.My driverless experience made me believe this technology may never be possible to make passengers relaxed when they are in a driverless vehicle.Even so, I won’t undervalue the technological advances that have been made — after all, who knows what the future will look like. 5.What can we infer from Darrell Etherington’s words? A.Self-driving cars will be replaced by other technology. B.Self-driving cars will change our travel mode. C.Self-driving cars are approaching us. D.Self-driving cars are just a dream now. 6.What does the underlined word “stomach” probably mean in Paragraph 2? A.Endure.　 B.Reduce. C.Regain.　 D.Remove. 7.Why are General Motors and Tesla mentioned in Paragraph 3? A.To prove self-driving technology has made big progress. B.To prove self-driving technology has a long way to go. C.To prove self-driving technology is totally impractical. D.To prove self-driving technology has great potential. 8.What is the author’s attitude towards the self-driving technology? A.Critical.　 B.Conventional. C.Favorable.　 D.Indifferent. 四、完形填空 　　Many people hold several jobs throughout their lives. Some 　9　 employees hold jobs for decades. But one man in Brazil has stayed at one 　10　 longer than anyone in the world. Walter Orthmann, 100, 　11　 the Guinness World Records for working at the same company for 84 years and nine days. Orthmann’s 　12　 started when he was just 15 years old. He got a job at Industrias Renaux S.A in 1938, working as a shipping assistant at the textile company. As a child, he has always been 　13　 about learning, but started working to support his family, who lived in Brusque. There, Orthmann continued to love learning and got 　14　 to a sales position, then a manager. His record-breaking career was 　15　 by Guinness World Records on 6 January 2022. He said it was a（n） 　16　, one he never imagined achieving. Orthmann turned 100 years old on 19 April and 　17　 with co-workers, friends and family. He still exercises every day and is still 　18　 fit. So, he still goes to his favorite place every day: the office. His 84-year-long career was perhaps achieved by his ability to live in the 　19　. “I don’t do much planning, nor do I pay much 　20　 to yesterday,” he said. “All I 　21　 is that you need to be 　22　 for what you have now. Here and now is what 　23　. So, let’s go to work!” 9.A.formal　 B.temporary C.loyal　 D.patient 10.A.place　 B.country C.position　 D.company 11.A.set　 B.made C.won　 D.built 12.A.interest　 B.career C.business　 D.struggle 13.A.curious　 B.generous C.enthusiastic　 D.practical 14.A.reminded　 B.promoted C.informed　 D.introduced 15.A.confirmed　 B.recognized C.discovered　 D.considered 16.A.pleasure　 B.order C.duty　 D.honour 17.A.contributed　 B.celebrated C.discussed　 D.participated 18.A.naturally　 B.gradually C.mentally　 D.regularly 19.A.past　 B.present C.future　 D.moment 20.A.effort　 B.price C.thought　 D.attention 21.A.care about　 B.look into C.take over　 D.come across 22.A.cautious　 B.happy C.grateful　 D.ready 23.A.happens　 B.counts C.remains　 D.indicates 答案： 一、基础词汇检查 1.小说；虚构的事　2.科幻小说（或影片等）　3.意外收获；奖金；红利　4.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的　5.荒谬的；荒唐的　6.指甲；趾甲；钉子　（用钉子）钉牢；固定　7.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓 8.梯子；阶梯　9.然而；但是；尽管　10.谣言；传闻　11.假设；假定　12.车费；船费；飞机票价　13.克（重量单位）　14.活动场地（如音乐厅、会场等）　15.外星人（生物）；外国人　陌生的；外星的；外国的　16.无行动；不采取措施　17.操纵杆；杠杆 18.控制板；仪表盘；专家咨询组　19.紧握；抓紧　20.模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的　21.夸大；夸张　22.面粉；（谷物磨成的）粉 23.手帕；纸巾　24.最大极限的　最大量；最大限度 25.使震惊；使昏迷 26.integrity　27.dignity　28.saleswoman　29.chairwoman 30.salesman　31.superior　32.leather　33.backwards　34.niece　35.lamp　36.random　 二、单句语法填空 1.randomly　2.muddy　3.explosion　4.urgently 5.pacing　6.to know　7.that　8.to 三、阅读理解 A 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款基于人工智能系统的升级设备，研究人员运用该设备可以将人类脑电波转换成日常语言。 1.C　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，该设备是由Edward Chang领导的团队开发出来的，是团队合作的研发成果。 2.A　细节理解题。根据第六段中的Active brain cells have more oxygen.By tracking these cells， scientists can translate brain activity.可知，fMRI是通过追踪活跃的脑细胞去读懂人们的思想的。 3.D　细节理解题。根据第六段中的The new technique is called fMRI，or functional magnetic resonance imaging （功能性磁共振成像）.It’s a safer way of “reading” brain activity.可知，该设备比之前的设备更加安全。 4.B　推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，fMRI可以用于脑机接口。 B 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者通过自己乘坐自动驾驶出租车的经历来说明这种技术无法让乘客真正放松，但即便如此，作者认为这种技术的前景依然不可小觑。 5.D　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“But it’s time to accept the truth，” said Darrell Etherington on TechCrunch， “They aren’t going to happen in our lifetimes.”可知，自动驾驶汽车在我们这一生中不会出现。由此可推知，Darrell Etherington认为，自动驾驶汽车现在还只是一个梦想，无法成为现实。 6.A　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的But Ford feels that “producing profitable， fully autonomous vehicles on a large scale is a long way off”可知，福特公司认为大规模生产盈利的全自动驾驶汽车还有很长的路要走。再根据画线词前后的could no longer和the increasing costs可知，福特无法承受不断增加的成本。因此stomach与endure（忍耐，忍受）意思最接近。 7.B　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，通用汽车公司仅在小规模测试无人驾驶汽车，特斯拉受到自动驾驶系统事故的影响。由此可推测出，本段列举通用汽车和特斯拉的例子都是为了证明这项技术还有很长的路要走。 8.C　观点态度题。根据最后一段中的Even so， I won’t undervalue the technological advances that have been made — after all， who knows what the future will look like.可知，作者虽然认为乘坐无人驾驶汽车体验不佳，但仍旧不敢低估这项科技，对其未来仍然充满希望，所以作者对这项技术持支持态度。 四、完型填空 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Walter Orthmann来自巴西，在他100岁时，他创造了在同一家公司工作时间最长（84年零9天）的吉尼斯世界纪录。 9.C　根据下文中的hold jobs for decades可知，这里强调的是员工对公司的忠诚。 10.D　根据下文working at the same company可知，Walter Orthmann创造了在同一家公司工作时间最长的吉尼斯世界纪录。 11.A　参见上题解析。set a record是固定搭配，意为“创造一项纪录”。 12.B　根据上文可知，本文主要谈论Walter Orthmann的“工作经历”，也就是“职业生涯”。 13.C　根据下文Orthmann continued to love learning可知，Walter Orthmann对学习一直很有热情。 14.B　Walter Orthmann由于热爱学习，得到提升，获得一个销售的职位。 15.A　Walter Orthmann的工作时长得到了吉尼斯世界纪录组委会的证实。 16.D　在Walter Orthmann看来，创造这项吉尼斯世界纪录是一项荣誉。 17.B　4月19日是Walter Orthmann的百岁生日，他与同事、朋友及家人共同庆祝。 18.C　由于Walter Orthmann每天坚持锻炼，所以他的身体和精神都很健康。 19.B　根据下句可知，Walter Orthmann强调我们要活在现在（即活在当下）。 20.D　Walter Orthmann说他既不计划明天，也不关注昨天。 21.A　Walter Orthmann所关心的是：我们应该珍惜和感激自己现在所拥有的一切。 22.C　参见上题解析。be grateful for是固定短语，意为“对……感激”。 23.B　根据上文可知，Walter Orthmann认为活在当下、此时此地才是最重要的。here and now意为“此时此地”，这里的count等于matter，意为“重要”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$