Part 5 Grammar&Vocabulary Unit7 Natural Disasters 课件 -【中职专用】高二学年英语同步精品课堂（高教版2023修订版·基础模块3）

高教版 基础模块三 第5课时 Language Practice & Vocabulary Unit 7 Natural Disasters 主语从句 & 表语从句 Society will prosper when the environment improves,and lose vigor as the environment degrades. 生态兴则文明兴，生态衰则文明衰。 Knowledge objectives Ability objectives Emotional objectives To learn the basic usage of subject clauses and predicative clauses. To choose the appropriate relative words of subject clauses and predicative clauses in the specific context. To cultivate the good habit of using language correctly in daily life. Learning objectives Society will prosper when the environment improves,and lose vigor as the environment degrades.生态兴则文明兴，生态衰则文明衰。 Society will prosper when the environment improves,and lose vigor as the environment degrades. 生态兴则文明兴，生态衰则文明衰。 Warming up Language Practice Vocabulary Homework Contents 3 01 Warming up Society will prosper when the environment improves,and lose vigor as the environment degrades. 生态兴则文明兴，生态衰则文明衰。 4 一、复合句的种类 1.名词性从句： 主语从句，宾语从句， 表语从句，同位语从句 2.定语从句（形容词性从句） 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 3.状语从句 时间，地点，原因，目的，条件，结果，比较，让步，方式等状语从句 02 Language Practice Society will prosper when the environment improves,and lose vigor as the environment degrades. 生态兴则文明兴，生态衰则文明衰。 6 名词性从句： 从句在主句中的成分相当于名词，又被称为名词性从句， 在句子的功能相当于名词词组，可做主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等， 根据在句中不同的语法功能， 名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 Grammar 主语从句和表语从句 It is true that these disasters are not actually all that natural. It is known that sandstorms are caused naturally by strong winds. The most important thing is how we can have more people join us. 由that引导的主语从句 由that引导的主语从句 由how引导的主语从句 8 主语从句 That he will come to the party makes me very happy . 主语 句子充当主语，这个句子就是主语从句 引导词 谓语 宾语 宾补 从句用陈述句语气 一、主语从句（subject clause） 定义：在复合句中，主语为句子的从句叫主语从句。 主语从句用陈述语气，句首引导词不能省略。 主语从句连接词 引导词有：从属连词 that,whether,if 连接代词who,whoever,whom,what,whatever,whose,which 连接副词when,where,how,why... That he will succeed is certain. What he said at the meeting is very important. It is a pity that we lost the ball. When we will have the sports meeting is still a question. 识别主语从句 1.先找谓语，位于谓语前的句子就是主语从句， 2.it做形式主语，从句作真正的主语，即为主语从句 主语从句连接词 不作成分，没有实际意义 在句首时不能省略 it作形式主语时that可省略 一、连词 that that只起引导作用，在主语从句中不充当任何成分， that本身无实际意义，但不能省略。 为了使句子保持平衡，常用先行词it 做形式主语，来代替主语从句，而把主语从句放于句末。 That the price will go up is certain. 价格会上调，这是肯定的。 That he will come to our village tomorrow surprises us all. 他要来我们村，让我们都感到很惊讶。 It is obvious that he is lying. 很明显他在撒谎。 It is a fact that the earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转是一个事实。 It seems that he has known the truth. 似乎他已经知道了真相。 主语从句连接词 Whether we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 在句首只能用whether不用if 连词 whether/if：意为“是否”，不作成分不能省略，在句首只能用whether不用if，whether与or not 连在一起时不用if It depends on the weather whether/if we’ll go camping tomorrow. It doesn’t matter whether/if he will come or not. It doesn’t matter whethr or not he will come. 使用形式主语it 时，if/whether 引导的名词性从句为真正的主语。 二、连接代词 who、what、which、whatever、whichever、whoever等在句子中充当主语成分，不能省略，语序为陈述语序，既有疑问含义又起连接作用。 What caused the sandstorm has been made clear to the public. 引起沙尘暴的原因已为公众所知。 Whoever is responsible for air pollution should be punished. 任何对空气污染需要负责的人都应该受到惩罚。 起连接作用，不能省略，有实际意义，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语 主语从句连接词 主语从句连接词 whatever=anything that whoever=anyone who What you said yesterday was right. Who will go makes no difference. Whatever was said here must be kept secret. Whoever breaks the law will be punished. what you said，what you do，what we can do 此处，what = all that 主句谓语大多用单数形式 what作said的宾语 who作从句主语 连接代词 what who，whoever，whatever what引导的主语从句。区别what 和that 与that不同，what除了可以引导主语从句起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语或宾语。如： 作主语：What really matters is that she needs a shower at once. 真正重要的是，她得马上冲个澡。 作宾语：What I am worried about is their taking my son to France. 我担心的是他们要把我儿子带到法国去。 有的时候，whatever也可以用来连接主语从句。 Whatever you do makes no difference to me. 你做什么对我来说都没区别。 当what或whatever引导主语从句时，一般不能改为由形式主语it来引导的句子。 主语从句连接词 主语从句连接词 Why he didn’t come yesterday is unknown. How this happened is not clear to anyone. When he will come is unknown. 也可转换为It作形式主语 =It is unknown when he will come. 三、连接副词 when、where、how、why 等在从句中充当状语等成分，既有疑问含义又起连接作用。不能省略，作状语。 注意:主语从句用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语在后， 不能写成when will he come 四、主语从句后置 为了避免句子中主语过长，显得头重脚轻，常用it 作为形式主语，把真正的主语放在句子后部。用it作形式主语有以下几类： (1)It + be + 形容词 + that 从句 It is lucky that people have decided to make a change. 幸运的是，人们已经决定做出改变。 It is obvious that the blue sky and sunny days appear more oftenin Chengdu. 很明显，蓝天和晴天在成都出现的次数比以前更多。 主语从句 (2) It + be + 名词 + that 从句 It is a good thing that people have realized the importance of environmental protection. 人们已经意识到环境保护的重要性,这是件好事。 It was a pity that floods have caused great damage to our life these years. 很遗憾,辽些年洪水给我门的生活造成了很大的损害。 (3)It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that 从句 It is said that electric cars will become more popular among people. 据说电动汽车名会起来越受人们的欢迎。 It is reported that sandstorms are caused naturally by strong winds over loose soil or sand. 据报道,沙尘暴是由强风吹过疏松的土壤或沙子自然形成的。 主语从句 4）It +不及物动词或短语+that从句 It seems that there have been more and more floods these years. 这兰年来似乎有越来越多的洪水。It turned out that we have found ways to prevent floods and typhoons. 结果证明我们已经找到了预防洪水和台风的方法。 主语从句 连接副词引导的主语从句 When they will arrive at the station doesn't matter. 他们何时到站没有什么关系。 How the accident happended is still unknown. 这场事故是怎么发生的，还不清楚。 Why he was absent from the meeting remains a mystery. 他为什么没有参加会议仍然是个谜。 Where I will spend my summer is none of your business. 我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。 为了避免头重脚轻，上面的句子可以改为： It doesn't matter when they will arrive at the station. It is still unknown how the accident happended. It remains a mystery why he was absent from the meeting. It is none of your business where I will spend my summer. 主语从句 It作形式主语的常见句型 (1) It is+n.+ 从句 It is a pity/shame that... 遗憾的是…… It is a surprise that... 令人惊奇的是…… It is a fact that… 事实是…… It is common knowledge that… ……是常识 (2) It is+adj.+ 从句 It’s certain that… ……是肯定的 It is possible/unlikely that... ……是有/不可能的 It is obvious that… ……很明显 It is necessary/important/natural/...that… (should)+do / be done+… 做……是有必要的/ 重要的/ 自然的 主语从句 It作形式主语的常见句型 (3) It+ 不及物动词+ 从句 It seems as if… 似乎…… It doesn’t matter that… ……没关系 (4) It is+ 过去分词+ 从句 It is reported that… 据报道…… It is said that… 据说…… It is believed that… 人们相信…… 主语从句 表语从句 1表语：说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份，说明主语是什么或者怎么样。表语是对主语的解释和说明，是主语具体化，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语。 My hobby is reading.我的爱好是阅读。 The book on the table is mine.桌子上的书是我的。 The problem is that we don't have enough money.问题是我们没有足够的钱。 表语从句 表语从句 在复合句中，表语为句子的从句叫表语从句。表语从句用陈述语气，一般放在主句的谓语动词（系动词）后，结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”常用的系动词有be，seem，remain，sound，look等。引导词与主语从句大致相同 The fact is that he doesn’t really try. 表语 句子充当表语，这个句子就是表语从句 引导词 谓语 主语 从句用陈述句语气 2）表语从句的连接词 1）从属连词that 、 whether。that 在表语从句中不充当任何成分，本身无实际意义，但不能省略 The problem is that people sometimes harm the environment . 问题是人们有时会对环境造成危害。 注意： whether引导表语从句表示“是否”,但不充当句子的成分。 The question is whether we can finish our work by tomorrow evening. if 与whether均意为“是否”，但引导表语从句时，只能用whether, 不能用if。 表语从句的连接词 2）连接代词 who 、 what 、which 、whose等引导表语从句， 在句子中充当成分，不能省略，不用疑问语序，用陈述语序 That ' s what we should work for and help reduce pollution . 这就是我们为之而努力的，我们应该帮助（自然）减少污染。 连接代词 在表语从句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语。 　　Tom is no longer what he used to be. (what做表语) 　　The problem is who is fit for this job. (who做主语) 　　This is what I want to tell you. (what做宾语) 　　The problem is whose work is the best. (whose做定语) 3）连接副词 when 、 where 、 how 、 why 等在表语从句中充当状语等成分，既有疑问含义又起连接作用 The most important thing is how we can have more people join us . 最重要的是如何让更多的人加入我们。 　注意：连接副词　when/where/how/why，在表语从句中做状语。 　　The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 　　The question is where we can live.问题是我们能住在哪儿。 表语从句的连接词 4) as引导表语从句 　　He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 5) because引导表语从句 　　常用结构：This/That/It is/was because... 　　That is because I don’t like Chinese. 特例强调（不做要求） reason做主语或主语中包含事件的起因时,后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that来引导,而不用because; why引导主语从句做主语时，表语从句用that引导，不用because。 　　The reason is that he got up late. Why he is late is that he got up late. 表语从句的连接词 Task16 Read and group. 根据上面的例句对下列句子进行归类。 1) It is said that the first bridge was built more than three centuries ago. 2) The fact is that he couldn’t use the computer. 3) That is why they decided to hold a meeting. 4) It won’t make too much difference whether we have it or not. 5) The problem is which team will be chosen. 6) It doesn’t matter whether you pay cash or by credit card. It’s true that these disasters aren’t actually all that natural. The most important thing is how we can have more people join us. 4） 1） 2） 6） 3） 5） Task17 Read and match. 将左右两栏匹配，组成完整的句子。 1) We cut down too many trees and badly polluted the environment. That is why 2) We have clear signs and strict rules. The trouble is that 3) Tomorrow will be very busy. My suggestion is that A. light travels in straight lines. 4) Light travels faster than sound. And it’s known to all that 6) The Earth is our home. It’s lucky that 5) We can’t find her. Where she has gone B. is not known yet. C. we have more natural disasters. D. some people do not follow the rules. E. we get up early tomorrow morning. F. more and more people have come to realize the importance of environmental protection. Task18 Read and complete. 阅读下面的句子，将括号内的词语重新排列补全对话。 1) A: When will Mr Brown arrive tomorrow? B: 　 　　　　　　　　 is still uncertain. (Mr Brown, whether, or not, coming, is) 2) A: Are you all right? You look tired. B: I’m fine. 　　　　　　　　 　　 is taking a rest. (need, what, I ) 3) A: What’s the problem now? B: 　　　　　　 　　　　 we can hold our football match. (where, the problem, is) Whether Mr Brown is coming or not What I need The problem is where Task18 Read and complete. 阅读下面的句子，将括号内的词语重新排列补全对话。 4) A: Where did you go last week? B: I drove to Tianjin last week. 　　　 　　　　 I had a few days off. (why, is, that) 5) A: What did you tell him? He seems very happy. B: 　　　　　　　　 　　 that I found him a good book. (told him, what, was, I) 6) A: They are working very hard, and we should learn from them. B: Yes, and 　　　　 　　　　 they overcome the difficulties. (is, how, this) That is why What I told him was this is how 03 Vocabulary Society will prosper when the environment improves,and lose vigor as the environment degrades. 生态兴则文明兴，生态衰则文明衰。 将左右两栏相匹配，组成完整的句子，注意画线词的含义。 Task19 Read and match. 1) My flight is canceled, 2) Our Earth is badly polluted, 3) Air pollution is A. which is affecting our lives. B. so we see each other frequently. C. caused by harmful gases from heavy industry. D. so we should do something to prevent them. E. due to the traffic jam. 4) To promote the use of green energy, 5) Floods have caused great damages to our life, 6) He was late for class 7) We work in the same company, F. the government is trying to encourage people to buy new energy cars. G. so I have to take the train to Shanghai. 用所给词的适当形式补全句子。 Task20 Read and complete. 1) The meeting has been 　 　　　　　 due to some reasons. 2) Plastic bags will 　　　　 　　 our environment, so we should prevent people from using them. 3) Due to the wrong address, your order has been 　　 　　　　. 4) The air pollution is 　　　 　　　 by heavy industries and transportations. 5) How will you 　　　　　 　 the sales of the new products. 6) The doctor 　　　　　 　 his patient from going home yesterday. 7) I know him, but we don’t see each other 　 　　　　　. 8) He has worked in this company for ten years, it time for him to get 　　 　　. 9) The flight was delayed 　　　　 　　 the bad weather. 10) We’re not responsible for the damage 　　　 　　　 by delivery. pollute cancel delay cause frequently due to promote prevent canceled pollute canceled caused promote prevented frequently promotion due to caused Task21 Read and complete. 阅读并完成关于环境保护的短文。 Today, natural disasters strike more 1)　　　 　　 than before, and some of them are 2)　　　　 　 by human activities. For example, 3)　　　　　 the rapid urban development, we have more sandstorms. Too many vehicles in large cities have 4)　　　 　　 the air. These disasters have badly influenced our daily life, for example, the flights are 5)　　 　　 because of the smog or sandstorm. In order to 6)　　　 　　 such disasters, people should protect the environment and realize the importance of sustainable development. It’s time for us to make a change and take actions such as 7)　 　 　　　 the use of electric cars and planting more trees to make a better life. frequently caused due to polluted canceled prevent promoting 04 Homework Society will prosper when the environment improves,and lose vigor as the environment degrades. 生态兴则文明兴，生态衰则文明衰。 1.Remember the vocabulary in the period. Homework 2.Sum up the same and differences among the noun clause. 38 第5课时 Language Practice & Vocabulary Thanks for attention! Unit 7 Natural Disasters Society will prosper when the environment improves,and lose vigor as the environment degrades. 生态兴则文明兴，生态衰则文明衰。 高教版 基础模块三 $$