新概念英语第二册句法词法复习课件

新概念英语第二册词法句法复习 复合句 This is my friend who is good at playing the violin. 主句 连词 从句 特点：一个主句和一个和一个以上从句构成，中间有连词 复合句 复合句 定语从句 名词性从句 状语从句 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 第二节 句子种类 按句子功能划分： 陈述句 疑问句 祈使句 感叹句 存在句 陈述句 分为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句 肯定陈述句： I cooked fish soup the day before yesterday. He (go) to Shanghai the day after tomorrow. She (have) only been to the library three times. They (choose) to reject the offer several days ago. 特点：陈述事实，句末为句号 注意主谓一致 will go has chose 陈述句 否定陈述句：(将下面句子变成否定句) He is playing table tennis. We can get there before dark. She has passed her driving license. He is not playing table tennis. We can not get there before dark. She has not passed her driving license. 谓语部分有be动词、助动词和情态动词时候，在其后加not 陈述句 否定陈述句：(将下面句子变成否定句) He plays Taijiquan well. She won the game. Cats need to be taken out for a walk every day. He doesn’t play Taijiquan well. She didn’t win the game. Cats don’t need to be taken out for a walk every day. 谓语部分为实义动词，在前面加didn’t，doesn’t或don’t，动词改为原形，注意主谓一致 陈述句 否定陈述句：(将下面句子变成否定句) There is some water in the cup. He has some books. There is not any water in the cup. He has not any books. there be结构或谓语动词为has/have，在后面加not，如果有some改为any 陈述句 否定陈述句： 表示否定意义的词可以构成否定句：few很少，little很少，no没有，never从不，hardly几乎不，seldom很少，nothing没有什么，too...to...太......而不能......，not...at all一点也不，not...any longer/any more不再，nobody没有人 These boys have little interest in English. There are few apples on the table. little加不可数名词，few加可数名词 疑问句 分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句 判断下面句子哪个是一般疑问句，哪个是特殊疑问句？ Is he cooking in the kitchen? Where is the library? 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 特点：一般疑问句可以用yes和no回答，特殊疑问句不可以 一般疑问句 Is he in the reading room? be动词 +主语 + 表语 （+其他） Can you finish the work alone? 情态动词+ 主语+ 动词 （+其他） Does he want to go with us? 助动词+主语 + 动词 （+其他） 特殊疑问句 Which one is my seat? What do you often do on Wednesdays? Where do you want to go？ When is the Children’s Day? Who is the winner? Why do you like playing football? Whose bag is it? Whom did you see at the party last night? How can we get to the hotel? 特点：由疑问词（wh-或how）开头，不能用yes或no回答 特殊疑问句 Where do you want to go？ Why do you like playing football? Whom did you see at the party last night? How can we get to the hotel? 疑问词+一般疑问句 When is the Children’s Day? Who is the winner? What do you often do on Wednesdays? 疑问词+动词+其他 Which one is my seat? Whose bag is it? 疑问词+主语+动词+其他 特殊疑问句 常见疑问词复习： where哪里 when什么时候 which哪一个 who谁 whose谁的 why为什么 what什么 what time什么时候 what color什么颜色 what day星期几 特殊疑问句 常见疑问词复习： what date什么日期 what kind of哪种类型 what do you think of=how do you like你认为......怎么样 why not=why don’t you ... 为什么不...... how怎么样 how old年龄多大 how long多长时间 特殊疑问句 常见疑问词复习： how big多大 how tall多高 how heavy多重 how far多远路程 how many多少个 how much多少钱 how often多久一次 how/what about怎么样 how soon多久之后 选择疑问句 提出两种或以上选择，不能用yes或no回答 Are you from Canada or China? 一般疑问句 +选项 Which season do you like best, summer, spring or winter? 特殊疑问句 +选项 反意疑问句 原则：前肯后否，前否后肯 It looks like a dog, doesn’t it? He doesn’t need to work so late, does he? 问句与陈述句要保持人称和助动词方面一致 反意疑问句 You did finish your homework, didn’t you? Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t. 你的确完成家庭作业，不是吗？是的，我完成了。/不，我没有完成。 Those students shouldn’t do that, should they? Yes, they should. / No, they shouldn’t. 那些学生不应该那样做，不是吗？不，他们应该。/是的，他们不应该。 回答内容与实际情况相符合 祈使句 特点：动词原形开头 分为肯定祈使句和否定祈使句 Shut the door, please. （改为否定祈使句） Don’t shut the door. 否定形式在句首加Don’t 感叹句 特点：由what和how引导 What an interesting story it is! What+a/an+形容词+单数名词+主语+谓语！ =How interesting a story is! How+形容词+a/an+单数名词+主语+谓语！ 存在句 特点：There be句型 There are many ways to solve the problem. there be+主语+其他 （改为疑问句）Are there any ways to solve the problem? be+there+主语（some改为any）+其他 存在句 句式提升：There seems/appears/happens to be+主语 There seems to be something wrong with this instrument. 功能类比be动词 名词 名词种类：专有名词和普通名词 专有名词：人名、地名、书名、月份、星期、组织机构、语言 Albert Einstein 阿尔伯特•爱因斯坦 China Daily 《中国日报》 United Nations 联合国 the Forbidden City 故宫 January 一月 Chinese汉语 名词 名词种类：专有名词和普通名词 普通名词：个体名词、集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词 名词 个体名词：单个人或事物 child 孩子 street 街道 集体名词：多个人或事物 class 班级 police 警方 注意：police、people谓语动词用复数形式，furniture、luggage谓语动词用单数形式 可数名词 名词 集体名词： Almost every family owns a television. 几乎每一家都有一台电视机。 My family go to the park today. 我家人今天去公园。 注意：family作“家庭”时，谓语动词用单数；family作“家人”时，谓语动词用复数 名词 集体名词： He had been a talented musician in his youth. 他年轻时候很有音乐天赋。 The fight was started by a gang of youths. 这场打斗是一群少年挑起来的。 注意：youth作“青年时期”时，谓语动词用单数；youth作“青年”时，谓语动词用复数 名词 集体名词： We restrict the number of students per class of ten. 我们将每个班学生人数限定为10人。 He is in the working class. 他处于工人阶级。 注意：class作“班级”时，为可数名词；class作“阶级”时，为不可数名词 名词 物质名词：无法分为个体物质名称，材料、液体、气体、食物、饮料等 steel 钢 cotton 棉布 water 水 wind 风 oxygen 氧气 抽象名词：抽象概念名称 care照顾 honesty 诚实 loneliness 孤独 education 教育 behaviour 行为 faith 信任 beauty 美丽 courage 勇气 不可数名词 不可数名词 名词 名词的数：可数名词和不可数名词 可数名词：修饰词为a、an、one，名词单数 修饰词为many，several，名词复数 不可数名词：修饰词为much，the 名词 单位词修饰名词： 修饰不可数名词：an amount of, a bit of 修饰可数名词复数：a good many, a number of, a majority of, a team of, dozens of, scores of, hundreds of, thousands of 既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词：a lot of, a variety of, a quantity of, a quarter of, an abundance of, plenty of, the majority of, the rest of 名词 可数名词变化： （一）规则变化：一般加s girl-girls 以s，x，sh，ch结尾加es bus-buses fox-foxes watch-watches brush-brushes 以辅音字母加y结尾，去y为i加es baby-babies 名词 可数名词变化： （一）规则变化：以o结尾，有生命加es，无生命加s 口诀：黑人（Negro-Negroes）英雄（hero-heroes）爱吃西红柿（tomato-tomatoes）和土豆（potato-potatoes） photo-photos 名词 可数名词变化： （一）规则变化：以f或fe结尾，将f或fe改为v加es 口诀：半（half-halves）片树叶（leaf-leaves）自己黄，妻子（wife-wives）拿刀（knife-knives）去杀狼（wolf-wolves），架（shelf-shelves）后小偷（thief-thieves）逃命（life-lives）忙 名词 可数名词变化： （一）规则变化：部分以f或fe结尾，直接加s 口诀：海湾（gulf-gulfs）农奴（serf-serfs）信（belief-beliefs）酋长（chief-chiefs），悬崖（cliff-cliffs）证据（proof-proofs）上顶房（roof-roofs） 名词 可数名词变化： （二）不规则变化：改变单数名词的元音字母 man-men foot-feet thesis-theses tooth-teeth crisis-crises 单复数同形 deer sheep spacecraft means series species 特殊形式 child-children ox-oxen mouse-mice phenomenon-phenomena medium-media datum-data 名词 可数名词变化： （二）不规则变化：某国人 口诀：中（Chinese）日(Japanese)不变英（Englishman-Englishmen）法(Frenchman-Frenchmen)变，其余加s A group of （Japanese）are talking with two （German）. Japanese Germans 名词 复合名词：若干单词组合名词，类似合成法 变化形式：（1）不含连字符，加s blackboard-blackboards （2）分开写没有连字符，加s book store-book stores 词中出现man或woman，改为men或women，词尾加s man lawyer-men lawyers woman doctor-women doctor 名词 复合名词：若干单词组合名词，类似合成法 变化形式：（3）含连字符，其中有主体名词，主体名词加s looker-on→lookers-on runner-up→runners-up passer-by→passers-by 没有主体名词，词尾加s grown-up→grown-ups 名词 不可数名词： 常见：advice，furniture，homework，humor，luck，information，knowledge，baggage，luggage，news，progress，traffic，equipment，air，wealth，pollution 注意：food（食物）-foods（各种食物） fruit（水果）-fruits（各类水果） tea（茶）-teas（各种茶） 名词 不可数名词： 注意：paper（纸张）-papers（文件）glass（玻璃）-glasses（眼镜） value（价值）-values（价值观） water（水）-waters（水域） work（工作）-works（作品） spirit（精神）-spirits（情绪） green（绿色）-greens（蔬菜） iron（铁）-irons（镣铐） 名词 名词所有格：所属关系 变化规律：一般加‘s my father’s coat her family’s pride 以s结尾的复数名词和专有名词在后面加’ teachers‘ office Engels’ works 名词 名词所有格：所属关系 This is not my coat. It’s (Tom). I have just been to (barber) to get my hair cut. 表示某店铺、某人家的名词所有格，经常省略它修饰的名词 the Tom’s Tom的一家 the doctor’s 诊所 Tom’s barber’s 名词 名词所有格： Jim and Tom’s room is on the second floor. 请问有多少个房间？ Jim’s and Tom’s rooms are on the second floor. 请问有多少个房间？ 1个 2个 名词 名词所有格： Tim and Jack’s experiment （have）been carried out. Tim’s and Jack’s experiments （have）been carried out. has have 名词 双重所有格： a classmate of Mary’s =a classmate of Mary’s classmates one of Mary’s classmates 玛丽同班同学的一个 Mary’s classmates a classmate 名词 双重所有格： a classmate of Mary 一位叫做玛丽的同学 classmates Mary 名词 辨析： a photo of Mike’s a photo of Mike =a photo of Mike’s photos =one of Mike’s photos 迈克好些照片中其中一张 一张叫做迈克的照片 Mike’s photos a photo photos Mike 名词 of结构：表示“......的” A of B B的A A of B of C C的B的A the cover of the book 书的封面 the system of education of the young 年轻人的教育制度 注意：the+adj. 表示一类人 the old老年人 名词 of结构：be+adj.=be of+n. His support is important to us. =His support is of importance to us. one of +复数名词，表示“......之一” one of the pictures on the wall ( )1.Several _____ are talking  under the tree． A．woman B．womans C．women D.womens ( )2.—How far is your school from here？ —Not very far．It's about twenty walk. A．minute's  B．minutes  C．minutes'  D. minute ( )3. There are three in my family. A.people B. person C. child D.childs 一. 在以下选项中选出正确答案 C C A ( ) 4. This table is made of_______. A. many glass B. some glasses C. glasses D. glass ( ) 5.Bill runs fast. He won the  _____ 800-metre race yesterday. A．boys B．boys’ C．boy D．boy‘s . ( ) 6. Some ______ came to our school for a visit that day. A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies ( )7. In the picture there are many______ and two_______.  A. sheeps; foxes B. sheeps; foxes C. sheep; foxes D. sheep;foxs D B A C ( )8. Most students can go to college for further in our city. A. education B. information C.science ( )9. This is bedroom. The twin sister like it very much. A. Ann and Jane B. Ann and Jane’s C.Ann’s and Jane’s D.Ann’s and Jane ( )10.They write most of their_______ in English. A. business letter B. business letters C. businesses D. businesses letters ( ) 11. This is not my cap, but my _______. A. brothers B. brother’s C. brothers’ s D. brother A B B B ( ) 11. _____are____for cutting things. A. Knife, used B. Knives, using C. Knife, using D. Knives, used (　 ) 12. John bought_____for himself yesterday. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe  C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes A D 1. Different people may have different . (idea) 2. I often go to work on . (foot) 3. I know one of the . (boy) 4. Mr. Brown is wearing a pair of . (glass) 5. Please give them their . (photo) 6. Are there any in the box? (watch) 7. There are twelve in a year. (month) 二.根据所给单词的正确形式填空： ideas foot boys glasses photos watches months 8. Would you like some ? (tomato) 9. Look at those in the boats! (people) 10. Look! The are singing. (woman) 11. September 10th is Day. (teacher) 12. Jim has some . (knife) 13. How much are these ? (vegetable) 14. My school is two walk from here. (hour) 15. The girl under the tree is a friend of________. (Lucy) tomatoes people women Teachers' knives vegetables hours’ Lucy’s 代词 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词 代词 人称代词： 第一人称：我 主格I 宾格me 我们 主格we 宾格us 第二人称：你 主格you 宾格you 你们 主格you 宾格you 第三人称：他 主格he 宾格him 他们 主格they 宾格them 她 主格she 宾格her 它 主格it 宾格it 注意：主格放在主语位置，宾格放在宾语位置 代词 人称代词排序： 单数人称代词按照“二三一”排列 You,he and I are of the same age. 复数人称代词按照“一二三”排列 We,you and they are all good citizens. 代词 it用法： 指代上文提到单数事物 My pen is missing. Did you see it? 指代时间、地点、距离、天气、温度 It is early spring now, but it is already very warm. How far is it from here to Beijing? 代词 it用法： 指代不明身份的人 Someone took the book away. Who do you think it might be? —Who is knocking at the door? —It’s me. 代词 it用法： 固定短语 get it 明白 make it 取得成功 believe it or not 信不信由你 go for it 努力争取 take it easy 沉住气 forget it 不必在意 when it comes to 当提及 take it for granted that 认为......理所当然 代词 it用法： 固定句型 It’s time for sb to do sth 该是某人做某事时候了 It’s time for her to let go of the past. 代词 it用法： 固定句型 It takes sb some time to do sth 某人花多长时间做某事 It takes her two days to finish her homework. 代词 it用法： 固定句型 I would appreciate it if you could...如果......我将不胜感激 I would appreciate it if you could pay in cash. 1. Who taught English last term? A.them B. their C. they 2. --- Who is knocking at the door? ---I don‘t know. I was lying in bed and just asking who was. A. he B. she C. it 3. I can’t find my hat. I don’t know where I put . A. one B. it C. that 4. I had a letter from __________ . A. she B. her C. it A C B B 代词 物主代词： 形容词性物主代词=形容词，修饰名词 第一人称 my我的 our我们的 第二人称 your你的 your你们的 第三人称 his 他的 her她的 its它的 their他们的 代词 物主代词： 名词性物主代词 第一人称 我的 mine 我们的 ours 第二人称 你的 yours 你们的 yours 第三人称 他的 his 她的 hers 它的 its 他们的 theirs 代词 物主代词： My hair is very thin. Yours is much thicker. =Your hair I will take my coat upstairs. Shall I take yours? =your coat 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词 She is a friend of . A. my B. mine C. I 2. This isn’t my pen, it is . A.her B. his C. him 3. Frank can’t find dictionary. Can you lend to ? A. her, mine, her B. /, yours, he C. his, yours, him 4. school is much bigger than . A. Our, their B. Ours, theirs C. Our, theirs 5. The dog is so poor because __________ leg is badly hurt. A. it B. its C. it’s B B C C B 代词 反身代词： 第一人称 我自己 myself 我们自己 ourselves 第二人称 你自己 yourself 你们自己 yourselves 第三人称 他自己 himself 他们自己 themselves 她自己 herself 它自己 itself 第一二人称为形容词性物主代词+self/selves 第三人称为宾格+self/selves 代词 反身代词： 做宾语和表语，表示“......自己” That poor boy lives alone by himself. You should take care of yourself. 注意：必须与前面的主语使用同一人称和数 代词 反身代词： 作名词、代词的同位语 I myself did the task. Did you see the manager himself? 代词 反身代词： 固定搭配： help oneself 自便 seat oneself 就座 enjoy oneself 玩的愉快 teach oneself 自学 dress oneself 自己穿衣 speak to oneself 自言自语 behave oneself 举止得体 The man is rich, he can buy a lot of things. A. he B. his C. himself 2. --- What a lovely card! Where did you buy it? ---I made it by . A.me B. myself C. itself 3. ”Help to some chicken,” my mother said to the guests. A. yourself B. yourselves C. your C B B 代词 指示代词： 单数 this that 复数 these those 近指 this these 远指 that those 代词 指示代词： This won’t happen again. I like these, while he likes those. What we shall discuss tomorrow is this. This book is cheaper, but that one is more useful. 主语 宾语 表语 定语 可做主语、宾语、表语、定语 代词 指示代词： What I want to tell you is this news: the meeting is put off till next Friday. He had a heavy cold. That was why he didn’t attend the meeting. 注意：this和these常指后文人或物；that和those指前面人或物 代词 不定代词： all 全体，所有，一切 作主语时候表示三者及其以上的人，用复数 All the students are in the classroom. 指代事物表示一切，代表整体，用单数 This is all I can do. 代词 不定代词： both 两者都，谓语动词用复数 搭配：both A and B A与B都 Both Tom and Mary are excited about the movie. The movie won both national and international prize. 注意：and前后词性一致 代词 不定代词： either用于两者，两者中任意一个 neither用于两者，两者中无任意一个 either...or... 或......或...... neither...nor... 既不.......也不...... Neither the boys nor a girl is to blame. Either his father or his grandparents attend the meeting. 遵循就近原则 ① Either Tom or the twins __ the way to the shop. A. know B. knows C. finds ② Neither you nor I ___ a scientist. A. is B. are C. am ③ Both Tom and Mary ___ hard. A. studies B. study C. studying A C B 代词 不定代词： each 每一个 I asked all the children and each child told me a different story. The teacher had a talk with each of us. 形容词 名词 有名词性和形容词性用法 代词 不定代词： every 每一个 Every moment deserves us to treasure. 仅有形容词性用法 形容词 代词 不定代词： He has few friends. He has a few friends. I have little money and little free time. She needs a little water. few表否定，接可数名词复数 a few表肯定，接可数名词复数 little表否定，接不可数名词 a little表肯定，接不可数名词 Although all the girls have tried their best , only ___ pass the exam. A. few B. a few C. a little 2. Don’t worry .There is ____ time left . A. little B. a little C. few 3. You are so great! ____ people in the school can do it . A. A little B. Little C. Few B B C 代词 不定代词： much接不可数名词，many接可数名词复数 There are too many mistakes in the essay. I have so much homework to do. 代词 不定代词： no=not any, 其后接复数可数名词和不可数名词 No milk is in the box. No words are enough to express my feelings. 仅有形容词性用法 代词 不定代词： none代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；代替可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数或者复数 None of the stories are/is interesting. None of the bread has been sold out. 仅有名词性用法 ① —How many people are there in the room? — ___. A. None B. No one C. Lucy ② —Who is in the room? — ___. A. None B. No one C. one ③ None of them ___ China. A. from B. is from C. is come from A B B 代词 不定代词： one代替前面出现的单数名词 -Do you have a pen? -Yes, I have one. ones代替复数名词 I have a new coat and several old ones. 代词 不定代词： the other两者中另一个 He raised one hand and then the other. others=other people 其他人 I went swimming while others played tennis. 代词 不定代词： the others=the rest of people所有其余的人 Some students come from China, the others from Japan. another 另一个，可以接可数名词单数或复数 another two weeks another apple 代词 复合不定代词： someone 某人 somebody 某人 something 某事 anyone 任何人 anybody 任何人 anything 任何事物 no one 没有人 nobody 没有人 nothing 没有什么 everyone 每人 everybody 每人 everything 每件事 some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑问句 动词 行为动词、连系动词、情态动词、助动词 动词 行为动词=实义动词，能独立做谓语 及物动词：后面可以直接加宾语，可以用在被动语态 He can’t understand my feelings. The problem was solved by a little boy. 不及物动词：需要加上介词后加宾语，不可以用于被动语态 The manager arrived at the airport at 7 o’clock. 动词 连系动词 系动词后面接表语 （1）be动词：am，is，are，was，were （2）感官动词：look，smell，sound，taste，feel （3）变化动词：become，get，go，grow，turn （+adj. 译为“变得”） 动词 连系动词 系动词后面接表语 （4）保持：keep，stay，remain （+adj. 译为“保持”） （5）无实义动词：seem，prove，appear （+adj. 无实际含义，功能类比be动词，译为“是”） ( )1. My teacher’s voice _____ sweet. We all like her songs. A.feels B. smells C. looks D. sounds ( )2. On hearing the news, his face red with anger A.turned B. sounded C. go D. gets ( )3. His voice____ as if he has a cold.　　 A. sounds B. listens C. hears D. seems ( )4. When I went home yesterday, it was ____ dark.　　 A. going B. getting C. running D. coming D A B A 动词 情态动词 情态动词不能单独做谓语，需要和动词原形一起构成谓语 can和could 都表示“能”，could比can委婉 Can/Could I use your phone to call a taxi? 动词 情态动词 can和could can’t表示现在或将来推测，用于否定句和疑问句 The things can’t be true. He can’t be in the park now. 动词 情态动词 can和could 搭配：can’t/couldn’t help but do sth =can’t/couldn’t help doing sth 情不自禁做某事 When he heard the news, he couldn’t help but to cry/crying. 动词 情态动词 can和be able to can强调自身有的能力，be able to强调努力后获得的能力 Can you play the piano? She was barely able to stand. 动词 情态动词 may和might 都表示“可能，可以”，might比may更加委婉 May/Might I borrow your dictionary for a day or two? 动词 情态动词 must和have to must,”必须”，主观看法 have to“不得不”，客观需要 I must learn another language. I have to learn more language. 动词 情态动词 must 表示对现在或将来肯定推测 You must be very tired after a long trip. 动词 情态动词 难点：must和have to的否定用法 mustn’t 禁止 don’t have to没必要 -Must I wash the car today? -No, you don’t have to. must回答不能用mustn’t，而是don’t have to 动词 情态动词 should和ought to 都表示“应该”ought to语气较重 We should/ought to arrive before dark.(改为否定句) We should not/ought not to arrive before dark. ought to的否定是ought not to 动词 情态动词 should表示“竟然” Can you imagine that a smart man like him should make such a stupid mistake? 动词 情态动词 will和would 都表示“要”，请求，would比will委婉 Will/Would you give her a letter？ She will/would listen to music in her bedroom for hours. 动词 情态动词 need 作情态动词时，后接动词原形，常用于否定句和疑问句，表示“需要” Need I say more about the topic? You needn’t finish the work today. need的否定是needn’t 动词 情态动词 need 作行为动词时，表示“需要”，一般为need to do sth I need to get some sleep.(变成否定句) I don’t need to get some sleep. need的否定是don’t need 动词 情态动词 need 作行为动词时，表示“需要”，一般为need to do sth I need to get some sleep.(对其提问) Do you need to get some sleep. 疑问句用do/does提问 动词 情态动词 dare 作情态动词时，表示“敢于” She dare go out alone.（变成否定句） She dare not go out alone. dare否定在其后加not 动词 情态动词 dare 作行为动词时，表示“敢于”，dare to do sth敢于做某事 He dares to speak in front of the whole school.(变为否定句) He doesn’t dare to speak in front of the whole school. dare否定在其前加don’t 动词 情态动词 dare 作行为动词时，表示“敢于”，dare to do sth敢于做某事 He dares to speak in front of the whole school.(对其提问) Does he dare to speak in front of the whole school? 疑问句用do/does提问 动词 难点：情态动词+have done must have done “肯定做过” He didn’t come to work yesterday. He must have been ill. Where is my umbrella? I must have left it on the bus. 动词 难点：情态动词+have done can’t/couldn’t have done 不可能做过 Billy is an honest man. He can’t/couldn’t have stolen the money. I went to Qingdao last month. You can’t/couldn’t have seen me Last Friday. 动词 难点：情态动词+have done may/might have done “可能做过” There is a traffic accident. Someone may/might have been injured. His face turns red. He may/might have drunk too much. 动词 难点：情态动词+have done could have done “本可以做到”（事实上没有做到） He could have passed the exam, but he didn’t go over his lessons. 动词 难点：情态动词+have done should/ought to have done “本应该做过”（事实上没做过） You should have started earlier, but you didn’t. I ought to have helped him out, but I was busy. 动词 难点：情态动词+have done needn’t have done “本不必要做”（事实上做了） You needn’t have woken me up so early, for today is Sunday. 动词 难点：情态动词+have done didn’t need to do“本不必要做”（事实上也没去做） I didn’t need to do the washing-up. My mom did it. 练习：在下列选项中选出正确答案 ( )1. The lights in the room are on, he have woken up. A. must B. must be C. should D. shall ( )2. —Must I leave here now? —No, you _____. A.mustn't B.can't C.needn't D.may not ( )3. —What's the first rule? —We must _____ on time for class. A.am B.is C.are D.be A D C ( ) 4. 一_____ you sing the English song? 一Yes, I can. But only a little. A. Can B.May C.Must D.Need ( ) 5. Jason is good at running. He _____ run 100 meters in 11 seconds. A.must B.should C.need D.can ( ) 6. —Whose cap is this? Is it Amy's? —It _____ be hers. Don't you remember she didn't even come to the party? A.can't B.might C.shouldn't D.must D A A 动词 助动词 和动词原形一起构词谓语，有时态特征 常见：am, is, are, was, were, will, shall, would, should, do, does, did, have, has, had He doesn’t speak English well. A dog is running after a cat. 动词 助动词 有时候避免重复，用助动词do某种形式代替前面出现的行为动词 He works even harder than you do. =you work 动词 不规则变化： A-B-B形 bend-bent-bent A-B-A形 overcome-overcame-overcome A-B-C形 arise-arose-arisen A-A-A形 cut-cut-cut 背诵不规则动词表 形容词 汉语：高大的楼房 You are all wonderful students. 形容词做定语，修饰名词 形容词 难点：多个形容词排列顺序 顺序：限定词-数词-描绘词-（大小、长短、形状、新旧、颜色）-出处-材料性质-类别-名词 口诀：美小圆旧黄，中国木书房 I bought （Chinese，a, red, silk,beautiful, long）dress. a beautiful long red Chinese silk 形容词 作后置定语 被复合不定代词修饰 Would you like something hot to drink? 由a-前缀构成形容词，如asleep, alike, alive, alone He is the happiest man alive. 形容词短语 The basket full of apples is mine. 形容词 注意：enough用法 作形容词，表示“足够的”，放在名词前 The little bar has enough seats for people to have a party. 作副词时，表示“很”，放在形容词、动词后 The cartoon is interesting enough. 形容词 做表语 A good reputation is valuable. 做宾语补足语 The joke made us happy. (1)It is believed that if a book is ______, it will surely ______ the reader.    A. interested; interest     B. interesting; be interested   C. interested; be interesting     D. interesting; interest (2)Mr. Smith, ______ of the ________ speech, started to read a novel.    A. tired; boring　 B. tiring; bored  C. tired; bored  D. tiring; boring ( D ) ( A ) 副词 汉语：飞快地跑 run quickly 不高兴的是，我无法通过考试。 Unhappily, I couldn’t pass the test. 她可爱之极。 She is extremely cute. 修饰动词 修饰句子 修饰形容词 副词 作状语 We should have clearly defined goals. 作表语 Positive ideas are everywhere. 作补足语 Only struggle can help us out. 副词 also，as well, too 都表示“也“ also放句中，as well放句末，too放句末 I have seen the firm before, and she has seen it, too/as well. I like bananas, and I also like apples. 副词 either 表示“也”，放在否定句句末 I haven’t been to Changsha, and she hasn’t, either. 副词 every day和everyday every day意为“每天”，做状语 The students go to the library every day. everyday意为”日常的”，做定语 The problem of everyday life has been solved. =on a daily basis =daily 副词 sometime, some time, sometimes和some times sometime表示“某个时候”，用于将来或过去时 The building was built sometime around 1840. sometimes表示“有时候” I go to the park sometimes. 副词 sometime, some time, sometimes和some times some time表示“一段时间” I have been waiting for some time. some times表示“有几次” We have met some times before. 比较级和最高级 原级： 肯定式：as+形容词或副词的原级+as Mary’s spoken English is as good as mine. 否定式：not as/so+形容词或副词的原级+as My handwriting is not as/so beautiful as yours. 比较级和最高级 原级： as...as...中间有名词时候，as+many(much)+a/an+可数名词单数(不可数名词)+as，表示“......跟......到同一程度” He spent as much time playing games as he did studying his lessons. They have as many apples as the teachers. 比较级和最高级 规则变化：单音节词：加er/est short-shorter-shortest 以e结尾，加r/st nice-nicer-nicest 辅音+元音+辅音，双写辅音字母加er/est big-bigger-biggest 辅音+y结尾，去y为i加er/est happy-happier-happiest 比较级和最高级 规则变化：多音节词 在词前加more/the most important-more important-the most important 比较级和最高级 不规则变化：many/much-more-most good/well-better-best bad/badly/ill-worse-worst little-less-least far-farther/further-farthest/furthest old-older/elder-oldest/eldest 比较级和最高级 比较级用法： 形容词/副词比较级+than “比......更......” Action is more helpful than words. He did much better in the final exam this term than last term. 比较级和最高级 比较级用法： the+比较级，the+比较级 The brighter you are, the more you can understand. The harder you study, the greater progress you will make. 比较级和最高级 比较级用法： 比较级+and+比较级 more and more+原级 It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes. Our school is becoming more and more beautiful. 比较级和最高级 比较级前面可以用many,much,far,a little,a bit, slightly, a great deal, a good deal, a lot, completely, even, still修饰 The task was much more difficult than we had expected. Tom works even harder than before. It is slightly colder this winter than the last one. 比较级和最高级 最高级：三者或三者以上 句型：主语+动词+the+最高级+名词+其他 The building is the oldest theater in London. 比较级和最高级 最高级：前面可以被much, almost, by far, nearly, by no means, quite, really, very及序数词修饰 This is by far the best book that I have ever heard. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 比较级和最高级 否定词+比较级=最高级 常见否定词：no，not，never，nothing，few No one is taller than Rose among the girls. =Rose is the tallest among the girls. 比较级和最高级 倍数表达法 公式考察：A+谓语+倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than+B A+谓语+倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as+B A+谓语+倍数+the size/length/height/width+of+B This box is three times bigger than/as big as/the size of that one. 注意：倍数放在原级/比较级之前 1.用所给单词的适当形式填空 (1) My mother is (busy) in my family. (2) Shenzhen is one of ( big ) (city) in China. (3) The Yellow River is the second (long) river in China. (4) Which is (big) , the moon, the earth or the sun ? (5) This is ( beautiful )city that I have ever visited. the busiest the biggest cities the most beautiful longest the biggest (6) This book is (interest ) than that one. (7) Which is (easy), math or English? (8) This city is much (beautiful) than that one. (9) Today is even (hot ) than yesterday. (10) Tom is the (tall) of the two boys. more interesting easier more beautiful hotter taller 1. The ice in the lake is as ___ as it was before. A. thin B. thinner C. thinnest D. the thinnest 2. --- How can I speak English____ you? --- You'd better speak more. I think. A．as good as B. more than C. as well as D. as much as ( A ) ( C ) 2.选择正确选项 3. In order to keep healthy, you should eat fast food, fresh vegetables and take enough exercise. few 可数n.(fewer) little 不可数n.(less) A. fewer, fewer B. less, more C. fewer, more D. less, less 4. My sister is good at sports. she can jump than me. A. highest B. very high C. too high D. much higher ( B ) ( D ) 5. -Which is ______, the sun, the moon or the earth? A. small B. smaller C. smallest D. the smallest 6. Oct.15th was one of ___days in 2003. Shenzhou -V was sent up successfully. A. exciting B. more exciting C. the most exciting D. much exciting. ( D ) ( C ) 7. The more exercise you take, the ___ you will be. A. weaker B. healthier C. luckier D. worse 8. Everyone knows China is getting _______ A. strong and strong B. stronger and stronger C. more strong and strong D. strongest and strongest ( B ) ( B ) $$