Unit 4 词汇单-重庆八中宏帆中学 2024-2025学年人教版八年级英语下册

Unit 4 Words and Expressions Section A 1. allow v.允许,准许 （1）允许（做）某事_________________ e.g. We don't allow ________ （eat） in the classroom. I'm on a diet but I allow myself a piece of cake every week. （2）允许某人做某事__________________（≈let sb do sth）→*被动语态____________________ e.g. My parents don’t allow me _________ _____（在外逗留） until midnight. *e.g. Visitors ______________ throw away rubbish everywhere. [拓展]近义词: permit 2. guess （to give an answer without definite knowledge） v.猜测,估计;推测,认为（可能） ≈ think e.g. I guess that she's about 15 years old. Can you guess what she said to me? 你能猜到她对我说了什么吗? I guess______________.→_________ 3. deal （1）n交易,协议 与…达成协议: make/do a deal with sb e.g. We offer you ____________ on furniture. （We sell it at fair prices.） Don't worry, it’s not___________. （something that is very important） It’s a deal! 就这么办吧! （常用于口语中） （2）n许多,大量 短语 a great/good deal of （money/trouble…） ≈ much e.g. She made a great ______ of money and a great _____ of friends from the deal. （3） v. deal-dealt-dealt 处理、应付某事: deal with sth. e.g. She doesn't know _____________________________________________________.她不知道如何处理自己的压力。 4. work out 动副词组 1） sth 作主语,"成功地发展" sth work out （fine, well, badly） e.g. Everything is working out well. e.g. Hope things work out. （2）sb作主语,意为"解决,计算出"≈ solve e.g. The math problem is _________ difficult for me _________. We still __________ many problems ______________. 5. argue vi.争论;争吵（≈quarrel）→n.争论____________ （1）与某人争论某事_____________________= _____________with sb about /over sth e.g. We used to argue over ______________（谁做家务）. （2）为争取/反对…而争辩 argue for/against sth 说服、劝说某人做/不做某事 argue sb into/out of doing sth e.g. Nancy's report argued for an improvement in prison conditions. Grandma argued her into getting properly dressed for the weather. 奶奶劝她穿上适合这个天气的衣服。 6. instead （1）adv.代替;反而（常置于句首或句尾） e.g. She didn’t reply to me. Instead, she asked me another question. ＝ She didn’t reply to me. ____________________________ （2） instead of prep.代替（后常接 n. / pron. /v-ing 等作宾语） e.g. Lily is ill. Can you go instead of her? Lily 生病了。思考:可以说 Can you instead of her 吗? 为什么? 你能代替她去吗? We can walk to work ______________ by car. 转换同义句: （1） She didn't reply to me. Instead, she asked me another question. ＝ She asked me another question ___________________. （2） You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house! ＝ You watch TV all the time ______________________ 7. whatever （1）pron.任何,每一（相当于anything,everything） e.g. Let me make it clear that you can’t do _____________________. ______________________ is none of your business. I’ll do whatever I can__________________ （help） you. （2）pron.无论什么,不管什么（相当于_______________________） e.g. Whatever he says, I won't believe him. ＝____________________________________ Whatever happens, you know that I'll stand by you.＝______________________, you know… 8. nervous adj. 担忧的:害怕的;神经紧张的→n.神经 nerve→adv.nervously （1） be/feel/get nervous__________ sth 为…而担忧/害怕（be worried about/be afraid of） e.g. she felt quite nervous about _________________ to her parents. e.g. It's __________________ nervous before the tests. 9. offer vt. 自愿给予,主动提出 （1）向某人主动提供某事物:_________________________ e.g. As an expert, he offered us lots of useful advice. ＝ As an expert, he _____________________________ He offered 3000 dollars ________________ the car. 他出价3000美金买这辆车。 （2）主动做某事__________________________ e.g. The kids offered to help us with /do/wash the dishes. Tony's father offered to_______________the airport. [辨析]provide sb________sth＝provide sth______sb （3）n.录取通知书 e.g. I've had a few interviews and finally got ________ from Huawei. 10.communicate vi.exchange information,news,ideas,etc 沟通,交流→n交流,沟通________ 与某人交流: communicate with sb e.g. _________ with my parents becomes difficult these days. The only _________ we have is to argue with each other. 11. explain v.解释;说明 （1） explain sth ______ sb）注意不是双宾语动词哦! e.g. Could you please explain the ______ of the new word. She is trying to explain the problem ______________ her students. （　　） （2） explain （to sb） that\who Whow why… e.g. He explained _____ us _____________ （他如何与父母相处）. Could you explain______________________?（给我解释一下怎么解出这道数学题） 12. return （1）vi.返回return to/from…＝____________ e.g. She just returned _______________ Australia.（从澳大利亚回来） She just returned ______________ Australia.（回到澳大利亚）回家 go/come back home＝_____________ （2） vt.归还 return sth to…＝________________ e.g. You must return the book to the library in two days. He always ________________ my homework and never ______________.他总是抄我的作业而从不归还。 （3）vt.回应 return one’s call/ return their love/ return a visit /return an invitation （4）n.回报___________ 他帮助任何人都不求回报________________________________________ 感谢你的帮助,我请你吃午饭好吗?_____________________________________ 13. anymore adv.（常用于否定和疑问句末）再也（不）,（不）再 再也不…___________________=___________________ [相似短语]___________________=_________________ e.g.:Don't______ your best friend, or she _______ trust you _______/ she _______ you. I graduate, so I am not a student __________. ＝ I graduate, so ______________ Section B 1. press v.- pressure n. [U]＝______[U] ● give sb much/a lot of pressure ● be ______ （much） pressure/stress＝ be stressed out ● deal with the stress / pressure e.g.1）Nowadays many young people______________to do their well.And they don't have enough free time to _______________. 2） The poor girl didn’t know_____________ the pressure from her parents. ＝ The poor girl didn’t know______________ the pressure from her parents. 3） He pressed his face closely to the window as if （好像） he could get some breaking news. 2. compete v.-______________________n.竞争 -______________n.竞争者 compete _______________ sb. 和某人竞争 compete________sth. 为了…而竞争 compete to do… 竞争去做… e.g.1） Tony has to compete ______ his best friend ________ the first prize in the final round of the ______（compete）. 2）A lot of__________ will ________ in the singing________. （compete） 3） The three candidates （候选者） competed against each other ________ （become） the next president. 3. opinion n. in one’s opinion/eyes/ view/ viewpoint/point of view _______________ ●_______________________________________表达某人对某事的看法/观点 e.g.1）_______,students need to learn exam skills_____they can get into a good high school. 2）Students can feel free to give/express their opinions about the problem. 4. type n. - typical adj. be typical of sb. /sth. 具有某人/某事物的典型特征的 e.g.1） The Browns _____ （be） a typical British family. 2） Dragon dance is typical of traditional Chinese celebrations during the Spring Festival. 3） It is typical of him to begin each new day with a cup of hot coffee. 5. cut out/cut down/cut off/ cut up/cut into e.g. I should cut out a few of my free-time activities to save more time for studies. ______ This paragraph is unnecessary. You’d better cut it out. 区分:1） cut down so many trees/cut down the public spending _____ 2）Aron Ralston cut off half his right arm in an accident to save his own life. _____ 3） We need to cut up the meat and mushrooms before making dumplings. _____ 4）He cut the turkey into thin pieces and placed them on the plates. _____ 6. quick adj. -- ________ adv. e.g.Many office workers are____________busy that they can only _________________.＝_________________. 7. continue to do/doing… e.g. It rained really ______（雨很大） yesterday and the weather report said that it would continue _____ （fall） until this weekend. 8. compare v. ① _______________ 将A和B做比较（对比）… e.g. It’s interesting to compare their situation ________ （we）. ② ____________________________将…比作…;表明…与…的相似性 e.g. In China, we usually compare teachers___________. ③ compared to/with… [独立成分] 与…相比… Compared to/with his brother, Jim is more outgoing and open-minded. 9. push v. 反义. ___________ v. ① __________________________严厉督促/鞭策某人 ② ___________________________督促某人做某事 e.g. Let's try to move the piano together. You push and I’ll _______________. I don’t think it’s right for parents to _________________________（太逼他们的孩子）. We always have to_____________________________（逼他做拓展） 10. develop vi. & vt. -_________________n. e.g.1）It's important for kids to develop good learning habits/develop children’s independence. 2）The research into the new disease（疾病） is developing smoothly. 3） Many believe that _____ （do） chores _______ （make） a difference to their kids’ _____ （develop） and _________（depend）. 4）China is a________country and America is a ________ country.（develop） 11.cause v.造成,引起＝____________&n.原因,起因______________________&_______________ ●__________________给某人带来某事（多指麻烦） e.g.1）________（learn）online_____________both teachers and students.（造成压力） 2）In my opinion, reading on mobile phones too often is ______________ having poor eyesight. 12. usual/usually/unusual/unusually e.g. 1） It's an________________ way to work out the problem. 2）As___________________,Steve was the last one to arrive at school. 3）________________does the journey______________（usual）take? --About 2 hours by train. 13. crazy adj. be crazy about…＝ be mad about… Neither my brother nor I ______________ crazy _________________ computer games. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$