Unit 3 词汇单 重庆八中宏帆中学 2024-2025学年人教版八年级英语下册

Unit3 Section A Words and Expressions 1. rubbish un.垃圾,废弃物 There_____too _____ rubbish. Please take _____ out. 这里垃圾太多了,请把它带出去。 倒垃圾take out the rubbish＝throw rubbish _____ bins 捡垃圾_____ the rubbish 乱扔垃圾______________________________ 垃圾分类: rubbish classification 垃圾箱 rubbish bin 同义词: waste/trash/garbage/litter 2. fold v.折叠,对折 反义词: ________ 折衣服_____________ 折纸______________________ 你可以把你的被子折起来吗?（could表委婉的建议）Could you please ________________? 3. sweep （sweep-_______,________） v.打扫;掠过;扫视 n.清洁工________ 打扫地板/街道/楼梯 sweep the floor/ street/stairs 扫地机器人______ robot Her eyes _____ the room. 她的眼睛扫视了一下那个房间. 4. floor un.地板在地板上_______the floor cn.楼层 她住在二楼。 She lives on _______ _________ floor.（并对划线部分提问） 5. mess n.杂乱,不整洁 v.弄乱 adj. 脏的、不整洁的___________ 1）n.杂乱不整洁 一团糟____________________ 弄乱、弄得一团糟____________________ 真是一团糟!__________________! Your room is______ _______ ________ _________.Please your toys immediately. 2） v.弄乱 mess up 把…弄乱（动副） Don't mess my hair. 别弄乱我的头发。 6. throw （throw-____________;__________） v. 扔,掷 把…扔给…___________________ 扔下，随手丢下____________ 扔掉___________ 向…扔去（恶意）throw sth_____sb VS 扔给…（无恶意）throw sth_____sb _____ the ball to him and see _____ he can catch it. 把球扔向他,看他接不接得住。 7. neither 1） adj. 两者中任一都不, + cn 单+ v. 单 两本书都没趣。_______ ______ ________ interesting. 两个女孩都不爱运动。________ _________ ___________ sports 2） pron.两者都不→反义: both Neither of+cn复数/代词宾格+V.单/复 ______ ______ _______ ______ _____（want） to make the bed. 3） adv. 也不 Neither/Nor+ be/情/助+主语 某人也不… He isn’t disabled. Neither/Nor _____ I.＝I _____ _____, either. ＝_____ _______. He didn’t come up with another good idea. Neither/Nor _____ she. ＝ She _____ either. I won’t give up. Neither _____ he. ＝ He ______, either. 4）. Neither A nor B 两者都不（_____原则） 他和我都不正确。 Neither he nor I _____ right. 8. as soon as 一…就…（引导时间状语从句,注意时态配合）＝_____________________＝________________ 两种常见主从句时态: 1 主将/主情/主祈+从现--表示尚未发生的动作 他一到达重庆,我就会去拜访他。I__________________him as soon as he________________in Chongqing. 他一收到信,你就给我打电话。 ________________ me as soon as he ________________ the letter. 2 主过+从过--表示两个紧接着发生的短动作 他一坐下就从书包里拿出了英语书。 He _____his English book ______ his bag as soon as he _____ down. 9. pass V. （pass-________;________;________;________） ① 给、递 把某物递给某人______________＝__________________. （双代词:_________） _________ the shirt _____ me, please. ＝_____ _____ the shirt, please. The shirt is mine. Please____________. ② 通过 通过测试考试pass the test/exam ③ 经过,走过 pass ＝ walk past＝ walk by She _____ me in the street _____ even _____ hello 她在街上经过我时甚至没打招呼。 The street was so crowded that cars_____ _______ _______ _______ ________. 10. borrow （borrow-___________ ___________) ___________ △ lend （lend-_______ -___________-_________)______ 从某人那里借某物______________VS把某物借给某人_____________ - May I _______ your bike? - Sure, I can _____ it for 3 days, but you can't _____ it to others. I borrowed the book 3 days ago. ＝ I _____ _____ the book for 3 days. 11. hate v. 厌恶 厌恶做某事 hate____________ He hates ________ （cook）because he always cuts his finger. It really _____. Whether you hate doing chores or not, it is our duty to share them with our family. 12. while 1） conj.引导时间状从"当…的时候（后接延续的动作或状态）" I am doing my homework while my parents ____________________ Last night, I _____________________ TV while he __________________ chores. While I ______________________ music, the bell ________________ （ring）. 当我做作业的时候,他睡着了。___________________________________ 2） conj.表对比,"然而" Lily 擅长画画,但是Lucy擅长音乐。_______________________________ Lily 英语很强,但是 Lucy 英语很弱。_______________________________ Some people waste food __________________ others don’t have enough. 4） n.一会儿等一会wait for a while 一会儿之后after a while 你可以躺下来休息一会。 You can lie down and _________ [When VS while 引导时间状语从句的区别] 1. when+延续性动词或非延续性动词,从句动作既可与主句动作同时发生,又可在主句动作前后发生 When you worked, I was sleeping. （work 为延续性动词） At 9:00 a.m. yesterday, bus No.26 was going along Zhonghua Road when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. （此时 see 为非延续性动词,强调一个动作突然发生时,另一个动作正在进行） 注意:以下结构只能用 when be about to do … when… 正要做…这时（突然发生另一件事） was/were doing … when… 正在…这时（突然发生另一件事） 2. while+延续性动词,常用进行时。注意:强调主从句动作同时进行时,多用 while,且主从句同时使用相应的进行时。 Don’t make any noise while others are reading. At 9:00 a.m. yesterday,bus No.26 was going along Zhonghua Road while an old man was lying on the side of the road. Section B 1. stress 1）n.精神压力,心理负担减轻压力reduce stress 太大的压力不利于你的健康。________ __________ __________ is bad for our health. Things can easily go wrong when people are _______ ________. 2） n.重音 Please pay attention to the stress of "violin". 3） v.使焦虑不安 stress out 压力大 Don't stress out! Don't let it stress you out. adj. stressful 充满压力的 a stressful job adj. stressed 焦虑紧张的 （stressed out） He is stressed （out） when talking in front of people. 拓展: pressure（多用于物理概念,压力,压强） 2. waste 1） vt.浪费、滥用____________________________________________ Don’t waste the time ________________ useless things. Some celebrities（名人） waste too much money ________________ fancy clothes. 2）n.浪费 a waste of time/money/… ____________ TV too much is _______________________________.看太多电视实在浪费时间。 3） n.[U]废物 垃圾 The waste in the sea brings death to some fishes. 4） adj.废弃的 waste paper/water 3. provide vt.提供___________________________________________ 近义词: offer offer sb sth ＝offer sth to sb 主动给某人提供某物 offer to do 主动做某事 太阳给我们提供光与热. The sun________ light and heat _______ us. ＝ The sun______ us _____ light and heat. ＝ The sun offers us light.＝ The sun offers light _____ us. 4. anyway 1） adv.而且,加之（追加评论） This coat is too expensive and anyway I don’t like the pattern. 2）不管怎样,无论如何（多用于句首,逗号隔开） Anyway, It’s worth trying.不管怎样,值得一试。 （多用于口语,适用于别人对你提供了未达到预期效果的帮助）Thanks anyway. 5. depend 1） vi. 依赖、依靠于（口语） It depends. 看情况而定 ① depend on/upon…（to do）/（for sth）依靠/赖某人（做某事） You can’t depend on your parents forever. The whole family depends on him for a living. ② 取决于+n./whether 引导的宾从（注:此处很少用 if 表是否） All depends on the weather.一切视天气（好坏）而定。 ＝ It all depends on ________________. adj.依赖的_______________ 独立的________________ an ~ country n.依赖_________ 独立、独立性_____ a country of independence 6. develop v. 1） vt.发展、养成、形成 运动能够同时发展身心健康。_________________________________________. 养成运动的好习惯_________________________________________________ Shenzhen developed _____________ a fishing village________ a modern city. 2） vi.成长,壮大 Her business develops very quickly. n. development 伴随科技的发展,AI 已经改变了人们的生活。 ____________________________science and technology, AI has changed people’s life. 3） adj.发展中的________________发达的____________欠发达的____________ 7. drop （drop-___________- ___________;______） 1） vi. 降低（反: __________） The temperatures sometimes____________ in the beginning of springs. 2） vt. 使…落下 He ________________ his wallet when he took it out. 他把钱包拿出来的时候掉了。 Be careful__________________ the dishes. 小心别把盘子才摔了。 He felt hot tears dropping onto his fingers. 他的手指感觉到了自己的热泪。 试译划线短语: I will drop by later. ______________; I will drop in at my friend’s house. ____________; He dropped out of school. __________________ 3）n.滴;下降 a drop in temperature 温度下降 If we don't take action to protect the environment right now,____________________。 8. since 1） conj.因为 China should help other countries out since we are more experienced. 2） prep. 自…以来（现在完成时）+ n. /v.ing 固搭 since then 从那时起 We have developed a habit of wearing masks since the outbreak of COVID-19. He’s been working as a bank clerk since ___________________ college. 3） conj. 自…以来（现在完成时）+句子 We have developed a habit of wearing masks since the COVID-19 broke out in Wuhan. 4） adv. 自…以来现在完成时 since＝ever since He left home two weeks ago and we haven’t heard from him （ever） since. 9. fair 公平的,合理的 1） adj. fair-____________ a fair deal/price 合理的交易/价格 全家人一起分担家务是足够公平的。 It's _____ for all the family to share the chores! 让他一个人做所有的事是不公平的。 It is ______/ _______ for him to do all the work. 2） n. fairness 公平、公正 unfairness n. 不公平、不公正 比赛的公正性毋庸置疑。 There is no need to doubt ____________________________. 拓展: fair n.集市/集会 a book/job fair 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$