Unit 3 讲义 2024-2025学年人教版八年级英语上册

Unit 3 I m more outgoing than my sister. Part Ⅰ 必背清单 · 重点单词 outgoing adj.  爱交际的；友好的；外向的 both adj. pron. 两个，两个都 loudly adv. 喧闹地；大声地；响亮地 quietly adv. 轻声地；轻柔地；安静地 hard-working adj. 工作努力的；辛勤的 competition n. 比赛；竞赛；竞争； fantastic adj.  极好的；了不起的 which pron. & adj. 哪一个；哪一些 clearly adv.  清楚地；清晰地；明白地 win v. 获胜；赢；赢得 though adv. 可是；然而; conj. 虽然；尽管；不过 talented adj.  有才能的；有才干的 truly adv. 真正；确实 care v. 在意；担忧；关心 laugh v. 笑；发笑；n. 笑声 serious adj.  严肃的；稳重的 mirror n.  镜子 kid n. 小孩；年轻人 necessary adj.  必需的；必要的 grade n. 成绩等级; 评分等级 should modal v. 应该；应当；可以 saying n.  谚语；格言；警句 reach v.   伸手；到达；抵达 hand n.  手 touch v.  感动；触摸 heart n.  内心；心脏 fact n.   现实；事实 break（使）破；裂；碎；损坏 arm n.  手臂；上肢 share v.  分享，共享；共用；分摊 loud adj.  响亮的；大声的 similar adj.  相像的、类似的 primary adj.  最初的，最早的 information n. 信息；消息 better adj. & adv. (good 和well 的比较级） 较好的（地）；更好的（地） 【词性转化】 1.outgoing adj. 爱交际的，外向的→opp. quiet 安静的，文静的  2.both adj. &pron. 两个都→opp. neither 两个都不  3.loud adj. 大声的→adv.loudly 喧闹地，大声地  4.quiet adj. 安静的，轻声的→adv.quietly 轻声地，安静地  5.clear adj. 清晰的，清楚的→adv.clearly 清楚地，明白地  6.win v. 赢，获胜→n.winner  获胜者→pt.won 7. good / well 好→比较级better较好→最高级best最好 8. talent n. 才艺→adj. talented 有才能的，有才干的  9.true adj. 真实的→adv. truly 真正地，确实→n.truth 真实  10.care v.在意，关心→adj. careful 仔细的→adv.carefully 仔细  11.say v. 说→n. saying 格言 5.loud adj. 大声的→adv. loudly  12.break v. 破，损坏→pt.broke→ adj. broken 坏的 【练习】 一、 单词拼写(根据中文提示拼写单词) 11. The teacher is very                 (随和) and her students like her a lot. 12. The fans cheered                 (大声地) for their football team. 13. Father walked into my bedroom                 (轻轻地) and put a present on my desk. 14. Lucy is more                 (努力的) than Jane, so she gets better grades at school. 15. She did very well in the swimming                  (比赛). 21. Song Zuying's concert(音乐会) is                 (极好的). We all love it. 22. I can't hear you                 (清楚地). Could you please speak more slowly. 23. She is a very                 (有天赋) dancer. 24. Mr. Wang is more                 (严肃的) than other teachers. 25. It's                 (必要的) for a student to eat vegetables every day. 26. Every time you                 (到达) a new place, you will see a lot of useful information about that place on your screen. 27. Don't                 (触摸) the machine. It's dangerous. 28. Please ask Mrs. Liu for                 (信息). 29. We should never l                 (笑) at others' mistakes(错误). 30. Take care not to                 (打破) the glass. 二．选择适当的形式填写 1.Paul is much (funny) than his cousin. 2.I am a very (outgoing) girl.But my friend is even (outgoing) than me. 3.Lucy studies as (hard) as her twin sister Lily. 4.My hair is a little (long) than my sister’s. 5.Sam has (many) storybooks than his brother. 6.Light travels (fast) than sound. 7.He is not as (strong) as his younger brother. 8.Tara works as (hard) as her sister. 9.Who is (thin), your brother or your sister? 10.My brother gets up much (early) than me. · 重点短语 primary school    小学 in fact   确切地说；事实上；实际上 the same as   和……相同；与……一致 be different from    与……不同；与……有差异 care about    关心；在意 as long as    只要；既然 bring out   使显现；使表现出 be similar to   与……相像的；类似的 more outgoing 更外向/更开朗 as...as...与…… 一样 be talented in .... 在......方面有天赋 be like 像...... get better grades 取得更好的成绩 reach for 伸手达到/达到 be good at=do well in 在某方面成绩好 be good with 与…和睦相处 have fun=Have a good time 玩得开心   have fun doing sth 做某事很开心 make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友 【练习】 一、根据汉语提示完成句子 1.只要我们竭尽全力, 父母就会满意我们的表现。 Our parents will be pleased with our performance                                                    we try our best. 2.我们知道学习数学和学习英语的方式是不同的。(词数不限) We know that the ways of learning math are                  those of learning English. 3. Though many children get Mr. Guo's help,                 (事实上), his family is not rich enough.(词数不限) 4.他们的家庭生活和我们的相似。 Their family life is                 . 5. 你关心你的父母吗? Do you                                   your parents? 二、根据括号内所给提示语，将下列句子翻译成英语。 1. 她的想法与我的想法类似。 (be similar to ...) ____________________________________________________ 2. 这就是今天早上他们上学迟到的原因。 (That's why ...) ____________________________________________________ 3. 在聚会上穿制服是没有必要的。 (It's not necessary ...) ____________________________________________________ Part Ⅱ 语法聚焦 · 知识点精讲 1.both 表示两者都, both of 两者都 They both are students.= Both of them are students. The girls both like English.=Both of the girls like English. 【练习】( ) We                  outgoing and                  swimming. A.are both, like both B. are both, both like C.both are, both like D. both are, like both 【练习】根据下面的句子选择正确的答案。 1. All/Both apples are delicious. 2. I invited all/both my friends to the party. 3. She wants to eat all/both the cakes. 4. He bought all/both books from the store. 5. They have visited all/both countries in Europe. 2. care about 关心  care for 关爱 相当于like =be fond of 喜爱 =be willing to do sth=wish to do sth take care (当/小心)     take care of (照顾)=look after She takes care of flowers carefully.=She looks after flowers carefully. Take care! The car is coming.=Look out!The car is coming. 【练习】1. I have to ____________ my sister, so I can't go with you. 我必须照顾我的妹妹，所以我不能和你出去了。 2. Do you ____________ that style? 你喜欢那种样式吗？ 3. Don't you ____________ anybody? 你难道谁也不关心吗？ 4.Don't ____________ him, he is old enough. 不要担心他，他足够大了。 5.You should take care of yourself = You should _______ _______ yourself. 3. make sb. do sth. ： 让(使)某人做某事（make后跟不带to的不定式） His father always make me get up before five o'clock. make sb. +形容词：使某人保持某种状态 My friends always make me happy. 【练习】 ( ) —I tried to make Kate _______ her mind, but I found it hard. —Well, I saw you _______ that when I went past. A.changes; do B.changes; doing C.to change; do D. change; doing 4. 辨析 be like“就像…”I am like your sister. look like “外貌上的像 ” I look like my sister. the same as   和……相同；与……一致 be similar to   与……相像的；类似的 【练习】 ( ) 1. My friend is the same age                  me. A.or B. like C. as D. so ( ) 2. He is                 Tom, because they both enjoy playing basketball. A.same as B. similar to C.the same as D. the similar to ( ) 3. I always                  the school before seven o'clock. A.reach to B. get C. arrive D. reach 5. That’s why+句子：那就是…的原因/那就是为什么… That's why I study English hard. 那就是我努力学习英语的原因。 · 形容词和副词的比较等级 1.定义及含义 （1）形容词和副词的原形就是原级 （2）比较级，表示较……或更…… 2. 比较级的变化规律 a. 一般在词尾 + er new—newer long—longer b. 以不发音的字母 e 结尾的 + r fine—finer late—later c. 重读闭音节词（最后三个字母构成了辅元辅结构）词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写辅音字母再 + er， hot—hotter thin—thinner fat—fatter d.以辅音字母 + y 结尾的单 词，变 y 为 i + er early—earlier happy—happier e.多音节词和部分双音节词前加more useful -- more useful difficult -- more difficult delicious -- more delicious 【注意】不规则变化 有几个形容词、副词的比较级和最高级属于不规则变化： 原级 比较级 最高级 good / well better best bad / ill worse worst many / much more most little less least old older（新旧或年龄） oldest/ eldest elder（长幼关系） far farther（表距离，“更远”） farthest/ furthest further（表程度，“进一步的”） 【练习】 1.—My CD is 7 $. What about yours?     —Only 5 $. It's ___than yours. A.cheap         B.cheaper  C.expensive     D.more expensive 2. —It's so cold today.   —Yes, it's____colder than it was yesterday.  A.some       B.more   C.very       D.much 3. She is three years ______ than I am. A. old     B. more old    C. older     D. much old 4. That boxer is ______ than others. A.more athletic B. athleticer    C. much athletic 5. I'm getting _____.  The jeans are too small for me. A. thinner     B. heavier   C. taller     D. shorter 6. We should use ______ plastic bags to help the environment.  A. fewer     B. more   C. some       D. less 3. 比较级句型:  （1）A + be动词+形容词的比较级+than +B “A比B更……”（注意：A与B必须是同级的，即必须是人与人，物与物进行对比） 【练习】 ( ) 1.— Steve is good at writing short stories. — So he is.But he writes                  than us. So he can't get good grades in writing. A. most carefully B. more carefully C.less carefully D. least carefully ( ) 2.During this year's Reading Week, I read the most books in our class. No one read                 books than me. A.many B. more C. few D. fewer ( ) 3. — That book I lent you yesterday is                  than this one. — Really? I'll return it to you as soon as I finish reading it. A. much expensive B. more expensive C.as expensive D. too expensive （2）“A+实意动词+副词比较级+ than + B”表示“A比B…” Jack runs _______ (fast) than Tommy. （3）比较A ，B两人/两事物问其中哪一个较…...时用句型： “Who/which +谓语动词+ adj./adv.比较级，A or B ?” Who is thinner, Jenny or Mary? 4. 比较级的特殊用法 （1）“比较级+and+比较级”，意为“越来越”。多音节比较级用“more and more+原级” 只要你好好学习你的成绩就会越来越好 As long as you study hard, your grades will get ___________________. 莉莉好久不见，你越来越漂亮了。 Long time no see，Lily！You are becoming __________________. （2） “the+比较级(…), the+比较级(…)”意思是：”越…越…”The more, the better. 越努力，越幸运。 ____________ you work, ___________ you get. （3）主+ is + the 形容词比较级+of the two+名复 “主语是两者中较......的” 这支钢笔是两支中比较便宜的 This one is the _______ of the two pens. 5. 两者在某一方面相同：A+谓语动词/be动词+as+ adj./adv.原级+ as+ B. Helen is as tall as Amy. Peter studies as hard as Tom. 表示两者在某一方面不及另一方时，用“not as/so+形容词或副词原级+as” I am not as tall as my sister. 【练习】 ( ) 1.Don't laugh at her. She is                  any of the others in your class. A.as clever a student as B. as a clever student as C.so clever a student as D. so a clever student like ( ) 2.Is this kind of pet                  a pet dog these days? A. as trendy as B. more trendier than B. C.much trendy than D. not so trendier as ( ) 3. — Is chemistry more difficult than physics? — No,chemistry isn't as                  as physics. A.easy B. difficult C.easier D. more difficult 6. 形容词，副词比较级前的修饰语。 当需要表示一方超过另一方的程度时，可以用much, a lot, a little, a bit, 等来修饰形容词比较级。注意: 比较级不能用very, so, too, quite等修饰。 【练习】 ( ) 1.— How do you usually go to work? — On foot.Walking is much                  than driving during the heavy traffic time. A. fast B. faster C. more faster D. fastest ( ) 2.— Are you feeling                 . — Yes, I'm fine now. A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better ( ) 3. The experiment was                 easier than we had expected. A. more B. much more C. much D. more much ( ) 4. I think science is _______ than Japanese. A. much important B. important B. much more important D. more much important 出门测 一、单项选择 ( ) 1. Linda is willing                  share things                  her friends. A.at; with B. to; with C. with; at D. with; to ( ) 2. I always                  the school before seven o'clock. A.reach to B. get C. arrive D. reach ( ) 3. — Do you know what“Helping Center”does? — Yes. It                  serves the disabled and it is similar to charities. A.really B. specially C. truly D. extremely ( ) 4. They are having a meeting in the next room, so we must do everything                 . A.loud B. loudly C. quiet D. quietly ( ) 5. He's ________ than his sister. He talks a lot every day.     A. quiet       B. quieter  C. outgoing   D. more outgoing 二、完形填空 Before you make friends, you have to decide whom you want to choose to be your friends. Most people like to have friends who like to do     6     kinds of things as they do. Think about your favourite things and try talking to your classmates about your     7    . The quickest way to make a friend is to     8    . If you do so, people think you are     9    . At first, it may not be easy to smile. However,remember that     10    likes an angry face. One easy way to talk with people is to say     11    about them. For example, you could talk about one's great answer     12    a teacher's question, or someone's pretty shirt, etc. Ask your new friends questions about     13   . Who's their     14    singer? Where do they live? Who's their teacher? What do they do after school? These are all good questions to start a conversation. After making some friends that     15    the same interests, it's always fun to play or do some other things together. And this is the right way to make your friendship closer. ( ) 6. A. different B. the same C. many D. all ( ) 7. A. family B. school C. parents D.hobbies ( ) 8. A. smile B. write C. sing D. shout ( ) 9. A. clever B. friendly C. lazy D. helpful ( ) 10. A. everybody B. we C. nobody D. somebody ( ) 11. A. nice something B. something interesting C. interesting something D. something nice ( ) 12. A. to B. of C. with D. on ( ) 13. A. yourself B. me C. themselves D. it ( ) 14. A. new B. interesting C. favourite D.best ( ) 15. A. like B. make C. deliver D. share 三、阅读理解 Little Bob, less than ten years old, came to a new town with his parents. His family was very rich. They lived in a beautiful house with a big garden. They had a driver, a cook, and a gardener. Bob was going to a new school. On the first day his mother said to him, "Bob,remember not to say we are rich." Bob said, "Yes, Mummy." So Bob went to school. He met his new teachers and new classmates. When the bell rang for class, the teacher said, "Boys and girls, our first composition(作文) is My Family". All the children began to write. Bob wrote, "My father is poor. My mother is poor. Our cook is very poor. Our driver is very poor. Our gardener is very poor. So I am very poor, too". 16. Bob and his parents lived                 . A. in a small house B. in a big house with a garden C. in a big city D. in the countryside(乡村) 17. In Bob's family there are at least (至少)                  people. A. three B. four C. five D. six 18. Bob's parents were                 . A. poor B. rich C. very bad D. very kind 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$