第一讲 代词讲义-2024年人教版英语九年级中考

代词 一、人称代词 · 人称代词定义：表示“我，你，他，她，它，我们，你们，他们”的词叫做人称代词。人称代词分主格和宾格两类，有单、复数之分。 如： We are the best. 我们是最棒的。 Please give us more time to finish it.请给我们更多的时间来完成它。 · 形式： 人称 代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 主格 I we you you he she it they 宾格 me us you you him her it them 【练习1】 人称 代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 主格 I you he she they 宾格 you it · 用法： 1). 主格：做主语。如： You are good students. 你们是好学生。 2). 宾格：做宾语。 She is looking at you. 她正在看你。 3). 人称代词的语序： 当几个人称代词并列充当主语时， 单数形式（二、三、一）：You, _______, I 复数形式（一、二、三）：_______ , you and _______ 第三人称男女两性并用时，男先女后：He and she 4). it 的用法： ①　指前文提到过的事物。 This isn’t my book. It’s Evan’s.这不是我的书。它是伊万的。 ②　特殊句型 It’s time to do sth. 该做......的时间了 如：It’s time to go to bed. 该睡觉了。 【翻译练习2】该说再见了 ___________________________ It’s good/bad for sb. to do sth. 做......对......有好处/坏处 如：It’s good for you to read more books. 多读书对你有好处。 【翻译练习3】吃蔬菜对你有好处 ____________________________ It’s necessary（可替换其他adj） to do sth. 做......是（必要）的 如：It’s necessary to learn English well. 学好英语很有必要。 【翻译练习4】熬夜是不健康的 ____________________________ 二、物主代词 · 物主代词的定义： 表示所属关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。 形容词性物主代词用在名词前，不能单独使用。 名词性物主代词相当于一个名词，使用时后面不能再加名词。 That is his bike. = That is his. 这是他的自行车。 【练习5】转换该句子This is my schoolbag. = _____________________________ · 物主代词的形式： 物主 代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 形容词性 my our your your his her its their 名词性 mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs 默名词性 · 物主代词的用法： 1). 形容词性物主代词置于名词前，起修饰作用，表示“某人的”。如： 圈下列句子中的形容词性物主代词 My name is Chris. 我的名字是克丽丝。 His shirt is blue. 他的衬衫是蓝色的。 This is an elephant. Its nose is very long. 这是一只大象。它的鼻子很长。 Welcome to our school! 欢迎来到我们学校！ 2). 名词性物主代词起名词的作用，表示“某人的……”，但是后面不能跟名词。 转换公式：形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词。如： This is her book. Where is yours? 这是她的书。你的（书）呢？ yours= her book 【练习6】请找出以下句子中名词性物主代词以及其代表的含义 These are our bags. Those are theirs. 这些是我们的包。那些是他们的（包）。 ________________________________ 【练习7】请利用转换公式完成下列转换 her book= ________ his bag= ______________ its food= _________ my favorite dress= _____________ 【练习8】 ( ) 1．—What’s the girl’s name? —_______ name is Mary. A．His B．My C．Her D．Your ( ) 2．Hello! _______ name is Eric. A．I B．My C．Me D．I’m ( ) 3．—Hello! What’s your name? —_______ Alan. A．I name B．Her name’s C．My name’s D．My name ( ) 4．The girl is Tina. This is _______ jacket. _______ is yellow. A．her; It B．her; It’s C．her; His D．his; Its 三、指示代词 · 指示代词的定义： 表示“那个”、“这个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词。 指示代词有this，that，these，those等。 在句中可以作主语、宾语、等。 This is the way to do it. 这事儿就该这样做。（作主语） I like this better than that. 比起那个我更喜欢这个。（作宾语） 2. 指示代词的形式： 单数 复数 近指 this these 远指 that those 后面所跟的be动词 is, was are, were 3. 指示代词的用法： 1). this意为“这个”，these意为“这些”。它们都用来指代在时间或空间上较近的人或事物。如：Is this your iPad? 这是你的iPad吗？ These are my brothers. 这些是我的兄弟们。 2). that意为“那个”，those意为“那些”。它们都用来指代在时间或空间上较远的人或事物。如：Is that your schoolbag? 那是你的书包吗？ Those are my friends. 那些是我的朋友们。 【练习9】分别写出可用this/these 和 that/those 指代的物品 this/these:_________________________________ _________________________________________ that/those:_________________________________ _________________________________________ ( ) 5. —Look! Do you know _______ man under the tree? —Sorry. It’s too far to see _______ clearly. A. this; him B. that; his C. this; her D. that; him ( ) 6. —Whose books are_______? —They are Steven’s A. This B. these C. that D. is 【拓展】1. 在疑问句的回答中，用it代替this或that；用they代替these或those。如： ---What’s this? 这是什么？ ---It’s a whistle. 它是一只口哨。 ---Are these your books? 这些是你的书吗？ ---No, _______ aren’t. 不，它们不是。 2. this可以用来介绍某人。 Hello, Tom, this is Mike. 你好，汤姆，这是麦克。 3. 用于电话用语中，this指自己，that指对方。 This is Lily speaking. Who`s that?我是莉莉。你是哪位？ ( ) 7. —Mike, _______are my parents and this is my sister. Glad to meet you. —Glad to meet you, Mike. A. this B. that C. these D. those ( ) 8. What are those? — _______. A．Those are apples B.Those are apple C．They are apples D．They are apple 四、不定代词 一、定义： 不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。 不定代词在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。 不定代词可以分为一般不定代词和复合不定代词。 二、一般不定代词及用法 1. some/any 含义：“一些”，既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。 区别：some用于陈肯句；any用于疑问句或否定句。例： I can see some flowers, but I can`t see any apples. 2. many/much “许多” 区别 例句 many +可数名词 How many people are there at the meeting? much +不可数名词 How much time has we left? 3. few/a few/little/a little 修饰可数名词 修饰不可数名词 含义 few little 否定含义，几乎没有 a few a little 肯定含义，还有一点 He has a few friends.他有几个朋友。 He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。 We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。 There is little time left. 几乎没剩下什么时间了。 【练习10】 ( ) 9. There are still _______ apples here. We needn’t go shopping now. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little ( ) 10. —Look! We have _______ sugar. —Really? Let's go and buy some. A．Few B．a few C．Little D．a little ( ) 11.“Would you like some milk in your tea?”“Yes, just _______ .” A． Much B．a little C．a few D．Little 4. both, either, neither, all, every, none 使用范围 单词 中文释义 例句 两个人或物 both 两者都 Both of the boys are clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。 either 两者中任何一个 Either of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。 neither 两者都不 Neither of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都不聪明。 三者及以上 all 所有的，全部 All the flowers are gone. 所有的花都谢了。 every 每一 Every student is here. 每一个学生都在这了。 none 都不 I like none of the flowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。 【练习11】 ( ) 12. I invited four teachers and _______ can come. That’s great. A. all B. both C. any D. none ( ) 13. All of us were invited, but _______ of us came A．Neither B．None C．Both 5. “other” 、“another”、“others”和“the others” 易混淆词 范围 含义 other 泛指 其他的 the other (one…,the other…) = 2 另一个 another ≥ 3 另一个 others = other+名词复数 剩余非全部 其他的 the others 剩余全部 其他的 【练习12】 14. I have two pencils. One is yellow, ________ is red. 15. I don’t like this green pencil, please give me ________ one. 16. In our class, some students like playing football, ________ like playing basketball. 17. There are seven people in Running Man. One is a woman, and ________ are men. ( ) 18．These sweaters are too small for me. Please show me ________ one. A．Other B．Others C．the others D．another 五、复合不定代词及用法 1. 复合不定代词的构成：复合不定代词是由some-，any-，no-，every-加上-one，-body，-thing所组成的不定代词。 构成部分 body （人） one （人） thing （事或物） some somebody 某人 someone 某人 something 某事（物） any anybody 任何人 anyone 任何人 anything 任何事（物） no nobody 没有人 no one 没有人 nothing 没有事（物） every everybody 每个人 everyone 每个人 everything 每个事（物） 1..some-类的复合不定代词常用于肯定句或征求意见的疑问句中；any-类的复合不定代词常用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。 Someone wants to talk with you. 有人想和你说话。 Can I have something to drink, please? 请问我可以喝点东西吗？ He doesn’t want to do anything. 他不想做任何事情。 2. every-类的复合不定代词与not连用，表示部分否定。 Not everybody likes watching TV. 并非人人都喜欢看电视。 Not everything is like what you said. _______________________ 3. –one类和-body类的复合不定代词之后可以加上-‘s构成所有格。 He just found someone’s wallet.他刚刚发现别人的钱包。 4.形容词修饰符合不定代词时，形容词应置于复合不定代之后 something interesting 某些有趣的东西/事情 【练习13】 ( ) 19. I’m hungry. I want _______ to eat. A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing ( ) 20. —Do you have _______ to say for yourself? —No, I have _______ to say. A.something; everything B. nothing; something C. everything; anything D. anything; nothing ( ) 21. Why not ask _______ to help you? A. everyone B. someone C. anyone D. none ( ) 22. Everything _______ ready. We can start now. A. are B. is C. be D. were ( ) 23. There’s _______ with his eyes. He’s OK. A. anything wrong B. wrong something C. nothing wrong D. wrong nothing ( ) 24. —The story is so amazing! It’s the most interesting story I’ve ever read. —But I’m afraid it won’t be liked by _______. A. Everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody 作业 一、单项选择 ( ) 1．— _______ of the boys in Class Four are playing games. —_______. A．All B．Each C．The both D．None ( ) 2. The boy promised _______ mother never to lie to _______ again. A．his; him B．her; her C．her; him D．his; her ( ) 3.“Would you like some milk in your tea?”“Yes, just _______ .” A．Much B．a little C．a few D．Little ( ) 4. ____ school is much larger than _______ . A．Their; our B．Their; ours C．Theirs; ours D．Theirs; our ( ) 5. Put it down, Richard. You mustn't read _______ letter. A．anyone's else's B．anyone's else C．anyone else's D．anyone else ( ) 6. He found _______ very interesting to ride a horse. A．This B．That C．It D．Which ( ) 7. Han Meimei, what about _______ to eat? A．everything B．something C．nothing D．anything ( ) 8. _______ office is much smaller than _______ . A．Ours; yours B．Our; yours C．Theirs; our D．Your; their ( ) 9. “Help _______ to some meat, Mary,”my aunt said to me. A．Themselves B．Ourselves C．Yourself D．Himself ( ) 10. There are ten teachers in this grade. Eight of them are women teachers and _______ are men teachers. A．the other B．the others C．Others D．Other 二、选择括号内所给不定代词填空。 11. Is there _________ meat in the fridge? ( any, some ) 12. If you have _________ questions, please ask me. (any, some ) 13. There is _________ water in the bottle. I can drink it. ( little, a little ) 14. He has _________ friends. He always stays at home. ( few, a few ) 15. Could you lend me _________ money? ( some, any ) 16. _________ of them is good at English. ( Both, Neither ) 17. My parents are _________ doctors. ( all, both ) 18. The glass is broken. Give me _________ one. ( the other, another ) 19. You can have one apple _________, boys. ( every, each ) 20. The clock has three hands. One is short, _________ two are long. ( the other, another ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$