期末总复习Units1-8语法讲解2024-2025学年牛津译林版英语八年级上册

期末总复习：Unit 1-8语法讲解 U1形容词比较级和最高级 形容词有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。 一、比较级和最高级的用法 当我们将两个对象进行比较时，我们要用形容词的比较级，表示“较…”，“更…一些”，“比…更…”。My cousin is taller than I am． 当被比较的对象是三个或三个以上时，我们会用形容词的最高级，表示“最…”，最高级前通常要加定冠词the。 This is the most interesting story in the book． 二、形容词比较级和最高级的构成方法 ●规则变化 构成方式 原级 比较级 最高级 一般情况 加-er或-est new long newer longer newest longest 以e 结尾的词 加-r或-st fine late finer later finest latest 以“辅音+y” 结尾的词 变y为i再加-er或-est early happy earlier happier earliest happiest 重读闭音节的词末尾只有一个辅音字母 先双写辅音字母，再加-er或-est hot thin hotter thinner hottest thinnest 多音节词和部分双音节词 在其前面加more或 most useful       more useful  most useful ●不规则变化 原 级 比 较 级 最 高 级 good（好的）adj. / well（健康的）adv. better best bad（坏的）/ ill（有病的） worse worst old（老的） older/ elder oldest / eldest much / many（多的） more most little（少的） less least far（远的） farther/ further farthest / furthest 三、形容词比较级常见于以下句式 1．比较级+than A computer is more expensive than a TV set． 2．具体数字（如倍数）＋比较级＋than This city is three times larger than that one. 3．在比较级前加上a little、much、even、still等词来表示程度 China is much larger than Japan． 4．比较级+and+比较级或more and more+原级 表示“越来越...” Our country is becoming stronger and stronger． She looks more and more beautiful. 5．the+比较级(+主+谓)，the+比较级(+主+谓) 表示“越…，越…” The busier I am, the happier I shall feel． 6．比较级+than any other+单数名词表示“比任何其他的…都…” This camera is more expensive than any other camera in the shop． 7．the+比较级+of the two表示“两者中较…的那个” She is the taller of the two． 四、形容词最高级常见于以下句式 1．用“形容词性物主代词+最高级”的结构来表示某人或某物的“最…”。 Peter is his oldest son． 注意：此时形容词的最高级前不需要定冠词the。 2．用“the+最高级+比较范围”的结构来表示在某一范围内“最…”，当句子的主语与介词后的部分属于同一概念或类别时，常用介词of或among,而当主语属于介词后的某一范围、场所时，常用in。 The World Cup is the most exciting game of all． Jay Chou is the most popular singer in Taiwan． 3．用“one of the+最高级+名词复数”的结构来表示“最…之一”。 Miss Gao is one of the best teachers in our school． 4．用“the+序数词+最高级+名词单数+in+范围”的结构来表示“第…最…”。 The Yellow River is the second longest river in our country． 5．用“Which／Who is the+最高级，A，B or C?”的结构来表示“三者或三者以上之中，哪个或谁是最…?”。 Which is the biggest，the moon，the earth or the sun? 注意： (1) 形容词最高级前有物主代词修饰时不用the：He is my best friend. (2) 同类事物才能够相比较：The weather in Guangzhou is hotter than that in Beijing. (3) 最高级与比较级的转换： Shanghai is the largest city in China. ＝Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. (上海属于中国) ＝Shanghai is larger than the other cities in China 区别：Shanghai is larger than any city in Japan. (上海不属于日本) U2数量的比较 1．两者之间数量上的比较 (1)可用more…than...结构表示“…比…多”，more后可接可数名词复数或不可数名词。 He has more books than me． She has more free time than me． (2)可用fewer／less…than…结构表示“……比…少”，fewer后接可数名词复数，less后接不可数名词。 Tom is in fewer clubs than Jack． We drink less coffee than tea． 2．三者或三者以上数量上的比较 (1)用the most“最多”，它后面既可跟可数名词复数，也可跟不可数名词。 Bob got the most points in our class． Simon drinks the most milk． (2)用the fewest或the least表示“最少”，前者用来修饰可数名词复数，后者用来修饰不可数名词。 She can sing the fewest songs in our class． He finishes the least homework of us three． 3．副词比较等级的用法 (1)A+动词(实义动词)+副词比较级+than+B．当than前后使用的动词相同时，通常用助动词代替后面自动词，该动词或助动词可以省略。 He works harder than you(do)． I got up earlier than my mother(did)． (2)说明“和B比起来，更喜欢A”时，要用well的比较级better，用“Sb like(s)A better than B”句型。 I like spring better than winter． (3)当询问对方比较两者后作出选择，可用句型Which/Who do you like better，A or B? Which do you like better，red or blue? (4)副词比较级前可加much，a little，even，far，a lot；修饰词来加强语气。 Tony jumps much higher than Jim． 4．副词的最高级用法 常用句型：A+动词(实义动词)+(the)副词最高级+of/in／among…。 Amy writes(the)most carefully in our class． U3 as…as的用法 当我们要表示双方某方面(如年龄、身高等)程度相同或不同时，常用as…as或not as…as结构，表示“和……一样”或“和……不一样”。 Mary is as careful as Linda． He does not run as fast as Tom． 在使用同级比较时要注意以下问题： 1) as…as或not as…as属同级比较，在此结构中，要使用形容词或副词的原级。 2) 在否定句中，第一个as也可换成so。A is not as／so… as B意为“A不如B…”。 This desk is not as heavy as that one．=This desk is not so heavy as that one． 3) 当我们对事物进行比较时，要注意比较的双方必须是同类事物。 Her ruler is as long as mine． 4) 当as…as结构涉及数量或程度时，可用as much+不可数名词+as或as many+可数名词复数+as。 You made as many mistakes as I did in the exam． He made as much money as I did． 5) as…as结构前还可加表示倍数的词。结构为：倍数+as+形容词或副词原级+as。 The room is twice as large as that one． 6) 我们可以将“A…+not as(so)+形容词原级+as+ B”，的结构转换为比较级。 Tom is not as tall as Mike．=Mike is taller than Tom．=Tom is shorter than Mike． 【巩固练习】 1．These days, the price of the vegetables is ________ than before. I cannot almost buy it. A．high B．more expensive C．much higher D．the most expensive 【答案】C 2．—Did you watch the film The Volunteers during the holiday? —Yes, of course. It is _________ than the other films, I think. I want to see it again. A．interesting B．more interesting C．less interesting D．the most interesting 【答案】B 3．—How was your trip to the park last Sunday? —It couldn’t be ________. We lost our way in the park and it kept raining all the day. A．nicer B．worst C．worse D．good 【答案】C 4．—Remember to put on warm clothes. It’s getting _________ these days. —I wish the weather in winter could be as _________ as that in spring. A．hotter; warm B．colder; warm C．hotter; warmer D．colder; warmer 【答案】B 5．Our country will be _________ as long as each of us tries to work harder. A．good and good B．better and better C．bad and bad D．worse and worse 【答案】B 6．The newspaper says the number of the wild animals in our country _________now. A．is getting fewer and fewer B．is getting smaller and smaller C．is getting less and less D．are getting smaller and smaller 【答案】B 7．________ animals are in danger and there will be ________ space for them if we don’t protect them. A．More and more; more and more B．Less and less; less and less C．More and more; less and less D．Less and less; more and more 【答案】C 8．—How careful you are, Helen! —We must. As we all know that ________ we do, ________ mistakes we will make. A．the more careful; the fewer B．the more carefully; the less C．the more careful; the less D．the more carefully; the fewer 【答案】D 9．Boys and girls, the more ________ you are during the exam, the ________ mistakes you’ll make. A．carefully; less B．carelessly; fewer C．careful; more D．careless; more 【答案】D 10．Sun Yingsha is more popular than ________ after the Olympic Games in-Paris. She is often a top search on the Internet. A．any other table tennis player B．any table tennis player C．the other table tennis player D．all the other tennis players 【答案】A 11．Max spends ________ time than ________ reading English in his class. A．fewer; any students B．less; any student C．fewer; any other students D．less; any other student 【答案】D 12．—China won more gold medals than ________ in Europe (欧洲) in the Paris Olympic Games in 2024. —What exciting new it is! I feel proud of our country! A．any other countries B．the other countries C．any country D．other countries 【答案】C 13．Jim is ________ of the two. A．taller B．the taller C．tallest D．the tallest 【答案】B 14．As the ________ swimmer in the team, she always spends as much time as she can ________ swimming. A．fastest, practising B．faster, practise C．fastest, practise D．faster, practising 【答案】A 15．— Are you and your sister different? — Yes. She is ________ than me, but I am as ________as her. A．tall; thin B．taller; thinner C．taller; thin D．tall; thinner 【答案】C 16．You think this book is the best? But I think it is ________ that one. A．as interesting as B．less interesting C．not as interesting as D．more interesting than 【答案】C 17．Don’t just believe the advertisement. This kind of book is ______ it says. A．as good as B．not so good as C．as well as D．not as well as 【答案】B 18．The rain isn’t as ________ as it was yesterday. A．heavily B．heavy C．more heavily D．heavier 【答案】B U3反身代词 人称 数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 myself 我自己 yourself 你自己 himself 他自己 herself 她自己 itself 它自己 复数 ourselves 我们自己 yourselves 你们自己 themselves 他们自己 【巩固练习】 1．—The Chinese football team lost the game again. —I was very sad but I always tell _________ not to lose hope. A．me B．my C．mine D．myself 【答案】D 2．—Can you make sure you can finish the work all by ________ in two days’ time? —Yes. I can. A．yourselves B．yourself C．ourselves D．myself 【答案】B 3．—What do you think of the programme Runnig Man? —The TV programme ______ is so wonderful. A．itself B．ourselves C．themselves D．myself 【答案】A 4．—You had seven days ________ during the National Day holiday, didn’t you? —Exactly. And we enjoyed ________ so much during the holiday. A．away; ourselves B．away; yourself C．off; ourselves D．off; yourselves 【答案】C 5．—Who taught ________ English? He speaks like an Englishman! —He learned it by ________. A．his; himself B．him; him C．him; himself 【答案】C U4祈使句 祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、劝告、建议或叮嘱的句子。 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 Do型：动词原形（+宾语）+其他成分。 Have a seat here. Be型：Be+n/adj+其他成分。 Be a good child! Let型：Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分。 Let me help you.让 否定句 Do型和Be型均在句首加Don’t构成。 Don’t be late for school! Let型的否定形式有两种： Don’t+let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分。 Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他成分。 Don’t let him go. =Let him not go. 反义疑问句 祈使句+will you/won’t you? Open the window,will you? Let us不包括听话者在内，指示对听话者说，反义疑问句的主语仍然为you Let us play with snow,will you? Let’ us play with snow,shall we? Let’s是表示第一人称的祈使句，包含说话者，所以反义疑问句的主语为we. 【举一反三】 1．________ play soccer on the street. It’s too dangerous. A．Please B．Can’t C．Don’t D．Let’s 【答案】C 2．________ a helmet (头盔) when you ride an e-bike. It’s a rule. A．Wearing B．To wear C．Wore D．Wear 【答案】D 3．________ your heavy winter coat if you are going out. A．Put on B．Doesn’t put on C．Wear D．Wearing 【答案】A 4．Nancy, ________ afraid of speaking in front of people. Just do it. A．don’t B．not C．not be D．don’t be 【答案】D 5．—Don’t _________ about our spoken English. We will work hard to improve it this term. —OK. A．worrying B．worries C．worry D．worried 【答案】C 6．—Come and ________ TV with me, Tony. —No. What a nice day! Let’s go out________ some sports together. A．to watch; to do B．watch; do C．to watch; do D．watch; to do 【答案】D U4用should和had better提建议 should和had better都是情态动词，都可以用于给他人提建议，表示“应该”或“最好”做某事。 1．should表“建议” (1)should意为“应该”，后跟动词原形，没有人称和数的变化，由时间状语或上下文来决定现在、过去或将来。 You should do your homework more carefully． He should be back in three days． (2)should的否定形式是should not或shouldn’t；疑问式是将should提到句子开头；反意疑问部分应为“should／shouldn’t+主语”。 You shouldn’t come here alone again． --Should we discuss it at once? --Yes，you should． You shouldn’t make noise in class，should you? 2．had better表“建议” (1)had better可缩写为’d better，后跟动词原形，表示现在或将来，没有人称和数的变化。 You’d better clean your room every day． (2)had better的否定形式是had better not；疑问式是将had放在主语之前；在反意疑问句中，反意疑问部分用“had／hadn’t+主语”。 We’d better riot stay at home． You’d better come to see me，hadn’t you? U5情态动词may来表达可能性 英语中表达可能性的情态动词有： (1) may表示“可能” (用于肯定句中） 【might表示可能性很小】 This book may be Tom’s. = Maybe/Perhaps this book is Tom’s. Jack may come to Jurong tomorrow. =Maybe/Perhaps Jack come to Jurong tomorrow. (2) can表示“可能” (用于疑问句中） Can that be true? (3) can’t表示“不可能” (用于否定句中） That book can’t be Tom’s. (4) must表示“肯定” (用于肯定句中） That book must be Tom’s. (5)may not 表示“可能不”。 The news may not be true. 【拓展】 ①mustn’t 表示“禁止” ，只用于严肃的、危险的事情，语气强烈，不表示可能性。 You mustn’t play football on the road. ②我们可以用情态动词may来表示许可。 —May I see the letter? —Yes, you can / may. 或—No, you can’t/may not/mustn’t. 【举一反三】 1．You ________ clean the blackboard because you are on duty. A．must B．should C．can D．may 【答案】B 值日。 2．—Could you please help me make my bed? —I’m afraid I ________ . You ________  do it on your own. A．could; may B．couldn’t; should C．can’t; should D．can’t; may 【答案】C 3．The doctor told me that I ________ drink too much milk tea. It’s bad for my health. A．needn’t B．need C．shouldn’t D．should 【答案】C 4．We’d better ________ our teacher for ________. A．to ask; advise B．to ask; advice C．ask; advise D．ask; advice 【答案】D 5．You had better ________ up late because you have an exam tomorrow. A．not staying B．not stay C．don’t stay D．not to stay 【答案】B 6．—Where will you go during the Spring Festival? —I have no idea. We ________ go to Qintong Ancient Town (溱潼古镇). It’s a good place to have fun. A．may B．must C．should D．need 【答案】A U5动词 + to do sth.(动词不定式)用法 【动词+ 特殊疑问词 + to do sth.】 ①动词不定式常放在这些动词后： want(想) / begin(开始)/ try(试图) / decide(决定) / hope(希望) / prepare(准备)/ remember(记得) / forget(忘记) / agree(同意) / fail(失败、未能) / learn(学会) /plan(计划) / wish(希望) + to do sth. ②动词不定式的否定形式：在to 的前面加not. decide not to do sth. ③只能接doing, 不能接to do 的动词。 enjoy doing sth./ practice doing sth./ finish doing sth./miss doing sth./ mind sb’s doing sth./keep (on) doing sth. ④接doing, 接to do两者皆可的动词，但含义不同： 1. stop to do　停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。 stop doing　停止做某事。 2. forget to do　忘记要去做某事。(未做) forget doing　忘记做过某事。　(已做) 3. remember to do 记得去做某事　(未做) remember doing　记得做过某事　(已做) 4. try to do　努力，企图做某事。 try doing　试验，试着做某事。 5. go on to do　做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。　 go on doing　继续做原来做的事。 U6动词不定式作目的状语 1．动词不定式作目的状语主要用来修饰动词，表示某一动作或状态的目的。为了使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义时，还可以在动词前面加in order to或so as to，意为“为了，目的是”。 He works hard to get good grades． 2．动词不定式的否定形式是在to前加not。 I wrote it down in order not to forget． 3．It作假，to do作真 It’s adj.+ for sb. to do sth. It’s adj.+ of sb. to do sth. _______/_______/_______/_______ it adj (for sb.) to do sth U6动词不定式作宾语补足语 我们可以用动词不定式来说明宾语的情况，此时动词不定式在句中作宾语补足语。动词不定式作宾语补足语，有带to和不带to两种形式。 分类 常用动词 带to tell，ask，want，would like，order，invite，get，allow，force, wish，encourage，advise，need，teach等 The teacher told us to come earlier tomorrow. Her parents wish her to be a teacher. My teacher told us to wear school uniforms． Please ask them not to make noise． 不带to 看得见听得见；let/make；为什么不 see/hear sb do sth.(全过程)；let/make sb do sth Why not do sth? = Why don’t you do sth? 【注意】 ①动词help后接不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式可以带to也可以不带to。 Children should help their parents（to）do the housework. ②动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前面加not.(not to do/not do) The teacher told us not to copy others’ homework. I want to make the little not cry. 【巩固练习】 1．—Look! Here comes the bus! —Take care! Tiande Lake Park is such a wonderful place that visitors can’t wait _______ when they _______. A．getting off it; reach B．to get off it; arrive C．getting it off; get to D．to get it off ; arrive at 【答案】B get off it下车；get it off把它拿掉 2．—Do you mind _________ when you are 63? —I think it’s OK, but many people decide _________ working at that age. A．to work; to stop B．working; to stop C．working; stopping D．to work; stopping 【答案】B 3．I wanted to see the Beijing Opera, so Lingling offered ________ me to watch an opera. A．took B．takes C．taking D．to take 【答案】D 4．This is a new word. Don’t forget ________. A．to write down it B．to write it down C．to write down them D．writing it down 【答案】B 5．—Would you like ______ hiking with me this afternoon? —Sorry, it’s too hot. I feel like ______ a cartoon on TV at home. A．going; watching B．to go; watch C．going; to watch D．to go; watching 【答案】D 6．You should ask the children ________ with water in the garden. It’s dangerous. A．not to play B．to play C．not play D．don’t play 【答案】A 7．Our English teacher advises us ________ more. A．to practise to speak B．to practise speaking C．practising to speak D．practising speaking 【答案】B 8．The baby is crying. Can you make him ________? A．to stop crying B．stop to cry C．to stop to cry D．stop crying 【答案】D 9．________ ourselves safe from danger, we must wear helmets when riding electric bikes. A．Keep B．Kept C．Keeping D．To keep 【答案】D 10．Teachers in Shouchun Middle School always do what they can ______ us. I am deeply moved. A．help B．helping C．helps D．to help 【答案】D U7动词与句子结构（英语中的五种基本句型） 英语五种基本句型列式如下： ①基本句型一： S ＋Ｖi （主＋谓） The sun rises in the east. ②基本句型二： S＋Ｖt＋O （主＋谓＋宾） Tom knows the answer. ③基本句型三： S＋LinkＶ＋ P （主＋谓＋表） 系动词分两类：一类表示情况如be, look, sound, smell, taste, stay, feel, keep, seem等；另一类，表示变化如get, grow, become, turn, get等。 This is a book. ④基本句型四： S ＋Ｖt＋IO＋DO （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） Mother is making me a new dress. He bought his son a new bike. Jack tells us funny stories. ⑤基本句型五： S＋Ｖt＋DO＋OC （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） I find English easy. Tom often makes us happy. I think Kate a clever girl. ★可以用于这种句式的动词主要有: (A)let / have / make sb. do sth.　　 (B)ask / want / tell / allow / wish / get / expect / encourage / invite / teach sb. to do sth. (C)find / see / hear / watch / notice / feel sb. do sth./sb. doing sth. (D)help sb. (to) do sth (E)find/keep/think/make/leave/wish + 宾语 + 形容词或名词性短语(作宾补) 【举一反三】 1．Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “I saw some kids kicking the ball”? A．Eddie has an e-dog. B．Hobo is kind and helpful. C．Hobo bought a bowl for Eddie. D．Eddie thinks Hobo a good friend. 【答案】D 2．What is the sentence structure of “Jim found this film very interesting”? A．S+V+O B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+P D．S+V+DO+OC 【答案】D 3．Which of the following sentences has the structure (结构) of “S+V+O”? A．Hangzhou is a modern city. B．The 20th Asian Games will take place in Japan. C．Hangzhou held the 19th Asian Games. D．I bought two tickets to the games for my parents. 【答案】C 4．Which of the following has the same structure as the sentence “I saw him reading a book.”? A．You have a very nice sister. B．The news made me happy. C．My grandpa gave me a red packet. D．He likes playing the piano. 【答案】B 5．The sentence structure of “You seemed unhappy this morning” is ________. A．S+V+ IO +DO B．S+V+DO+OC C．S+V+DO D．S+V+P 【答案】D U8过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作或存在的状态（不强调动作是否已经完成）。 过去进行时的构成： “was/were＋动词的现在分词”，was用于第一人称和第三人称单数后面，were用于其他各人称后面。 过去进行时的用法： ①表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。 Millie was cleaning her bedroom at 8 p.m. yesterday. ②表示在过去某一阶段内正在进行的动作。 We were working on the farm those days. ③表示过去某一动作发生时，另一动作也在同时进行。 They were making notes while we were reading. ④表示过去不断重复的动作。 When he worked here, John was always making mistakes. 时间标志词 过去某个时刻（时间点）正在进行的动作 （just）then 那时，当时；at this/that time 在这/那时；at that moment=then在那时；at 3:00 yesterday afternoon在昨天下午三点；（at）this time yesterday在昨天这个时候 过去某一段时间内（时间段）正在进行的动作 those days；the whole morning；from 8:00 to 12:00 last night；last night 【拓展】过去进行时和一般过去时的区别： (1)过去进行时强调动作在过去正在进行或持续，不一定完成；一般过去时表示在过去做了某事，强调动作的完成。 He was making a model plane last night.（不一定完成） He made a model plane last night.（已经完成） (2)表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词（be，like，love，hate, fear，own，hear，see，know，want，notice等）可以用于一般过去时，通常不用于进行时。 I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 【拓展】when 与while引导的时间状语从句： ①when 既指时间点，也可指一段时间； while只指一段时间，因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词，而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。 When the teacher came in, we were talking. While we were talking, the teacher came in. ②when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先后发生； The children were running to move the bag of rice when they heard the sound of a motor bike. while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。 【举一反三】 1．—I saw you at the school gate yesterday afternoon. —Yes. I ________ my cousin at that time. A．wait for B．waited for C．was waiting for D．will wait for 【答案】C 2．When the teacher got into the classroom, Xiaoming ________ a novel. A．read B．reads C．is reading D．was reading 【答案】D 3．—You look tired. What’s wrong with you? —I stayed up late last night. I ________ for the exam from eight o’clock till midnight. A．prepare B．am preparing C．was preparing D．prepared 【答案】C 4．While she ________ TV in the sitting room, Mum ________. A．watches; come in B．is watching; came in C．was watching; came in D．was watching; was coming in 【答案】C 5．What _________ you _________ this time yesterday, my dear friend? A．did; do B．are; doing C．were; doing D．will; do 【答案】C 【培优训练】任务型阅读技巧点拨 1. 信息查找题，原词不变 解题思路：此类题属于细节题，以直接在原文中能够找到，问题的题干与原文大致相同，所以所需要的词不需要变换形式，可以直接从文中进行摘抄。解题关键一根据问题句子查找定位信息，常用方法一带着问题有意识地在关键处做标记。 例1： 原文：The ostrich is a unique（独特的）looking animal. It has long skinny legs, a big body with small wings, a long neck, and a dangerous long beak（喙）. 题目：Looks: It has long legs, a big body with small wings, a long ______, and a long beak. 答案：neck 例2： 原文：The hardest thing in the world is saying yes to the world. 题目：Title : Talk to the World with a _______ 答案：Yes 例3： 原文：Secondly, be sure to take enough breaks to let your body rest. 题目：________ enough breaks during summer exercise. 答案：Take/Have 例4： 原文：Some people like working at night when the house is quiet, while others like doing their work early in the morning. 题目：Some people like working on a ________ night, while others like doing their work early in the morning. 答案：quiet 2. 信息转换，间接获取答案型 解题关键：此类题在实际做题环节时应注意根据问题查找定位信息，但这些信息仅为线索或某种提示，并非最终答案，一定记得加工分析并转换成另一种表达方式，方为正确答案。 常见的转换方式： (1)词性转换 1）名词变为形容词 2）形容词变为副词 3）动词/形容词变为名词 4）动词变为形容词 例1： 原文：In Argentina, Mexico and several other Latin American countries, girls have a special birthday celebration when they reach the age of fifteen. 题目：In some Latin American countries : Girls have a party to 62 their birthday when they are 15. 答案：celebrate 例2： 原文：Mobile phones include some materials like lead, mercury and cadmium. They can go into public drinking water and food and do harm to people’s health. 题目：Some materials, such as lead, mercury and cadmium in the mobile phones are _________ to people’s health. 答案：harmful 例3： 原文：We express belief in ourselves, and the world, and we also express a willingness to learn from whatever happens to us, rather than running and hiding when we don’t like what we see. 题目：We are________ to learn from whatever happens to us. 答案：willing/ready 例4： 原文：As long as you pay attention to the above, playing sports safely in the heat isn’t a difficult thing. 题目：The more you pay attention to the above, the _________ you will be while playing outside in the heat! 答案：safer (2)词意转换 词汇转换包括同义词、反义词等功能替代型转换 例1： 原文： Saying yes to life might be difficult at first, and even painful at times, but if we continue to say yes to life, it will be far less difficult in the end. 题目：For us all, it will be much ___________ to say yes to life if we keep doing so. 答案：easier 例2： 原文：Last but not least, you should watch your food. Eat food which is high in water, starch(淀粉) and carbohydrate(糖类), but be sure to get a good balance in your diet. 题目：Be ___________ with your food and have a balanced diet. 答案：careful 例3： 原文：It’s called the Kolibree toothbrush. It has different models, and will cost from $99 to $200. 题目：The cost will ________ on models and will be from $99 to $200. 答案：depend (3)句子结构转换 语法匹配 (to, -ing, -ed, 主被动语态的转换)、连词、介词的运用、固定句型、同义句等都属于句子结构转换的内容。 1. It’s + adj. of sb. to do …= 主语+ be + too + adj + to do sth =so … that …/…adj. enough to do … 2. It’s + adj. 比较级than …= it’s adj. 最高级 of /in … 3. 主动语态与被动语态相互转换 4. It takes sb. + 时间+to do = sb spend + 时间+on/ doing sth = sb devote + 时间+to doing sth 5. If…not与unless 句型转换 6. because与so, although 与 but 相互转换的句型 7. provide sb. with sth, provide sth for sb, offer sb sth, offer sth to sb , give sb sth , give sth to sb. 8. 主语+ be + 形容词 (important/valuable/helpful)= 主语+ be + of + 名词(importance/ value/help) 9. would rather do sth than do sth = prefer doing sth to doing sth 宁愿做…… 10. prepare to do sth = get ready to do sth 准备好做…… 例1： 原文：Not long ago, mobile phones were used mainly by business people and government officers in society. In the US, mobile phone users were about 340,000 in 1985. Now there are 205 million mobile phone users in the US. 题目：Compared with the condition in 1985, there are___________ mobile phone users at present. 答案：more 例2： 原文：Thirdly, when you have a break, don’t sit in the sun. 题目：___________sitting in the sun when you have a rest. 答案：Avoid 例3： 原文： If all of the waste phones in the US are recycled, it will save enough energy to offer over 194,000 U.S. families electricity (电力) for one year. 题目：It can ___________ plenty of electricity for American families if the waste phones are recycled. 答案：provide 例4： 原文：The Kolibree app records your progress and scores your brushing way to help you improve brushing habits. 题目：Your progress will be ___________ and your brushing way will be scored. 答案：recorded 例5： 原文：Most of us have a habit of going through our days saying no to the things we don’t like and yes to the things we like, and yet, everything we face is our life. 题目：Most of us are _________ to saying yes to what we like and saying no to what we don’t like. 答案：used 3. 信息概括题，综合概括获答案 根据问题查找定位信息，找共性的东西。归纳词的特征包括：概括性（在最大程度上覆盖栏内信息)、针对性（量体裁衣，大小适度)、醒目性（简洁）。 常见概括性词汇有以下几类，需要学生掌握： 原因：cause(s) / reason(s) 结果/结论： result(s) / /conclusion(s) 目的：purpose/ aim 建议提示： advice / suggestion(s) / tip(s) 问题：problem(s) /trouble 方式方法：method(s) /means/ way(s) / manner/ solution(s) 好处/坏处：advantage(s)/ disadvantage(s) 介绍：introduction 观点：idea/ thought / opinion 例1： 题目：The ___________ of saying no: We are afraid that we can’t remove what we don’t like. 答案： cause 例2： 题目：_________ to make your studies better Do more than you are asked Choose suitable ways Plan your time well 答案：How/Ways 例3： 题目：_____________ Drink water and play sports safely. But too many bottles of sports drinks may do harm to you. Take enough breaks during summer exercise. When you feel uncomfortable, let your coach know right now. Avoid sitting in the sun when you have a rest. You’d better sit under a tree or go indoors for a while, which may help you keep active longer. 答案：Suggestions /Tips/Advice 【真题演练】 Love animals and STOP hurting them In February 2021, Chen Kaiyin from Beijing paid 2, 000 yuan and “adopted（领养）” a red panda at Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo. The zoo would use the money to buy food for its animals and to pay for their medical care. As for Chen, she could get a certificate（证书）and learn about the panda’s daily life online. She can go to the zoo for free. She can also have the chance to feed the animal and clean its living space. Online adoption is one of the ways the Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo gets help to get through hard times. More than 80 percent of the zoo’s income（收入）comes from visitors buying tickets. But visitor numbers went down greatly because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The adoption has worked well with people’s warm support. About 150 animals have been adopted so far. Many zoos have also faced the same kind of problems during the pandemic. However, some of them have come up with new ideas to raise money. For example, Shanghai Wildlife Park livestreams（网上直播）every day to show how the animals live. Millions of people watch them. Beijing Zoo has brought out ice creams in the shape（形状）of its animals. It also makes toys and Rubik’s cubes（魔方）with the image（形象）of tigers. These new ways to raise money make people rethink what roles（角色）zoos play. Shen Zhijun, the head of the Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo, said modern zoos should no longer be places for visitors to just see animals. Zoos can also teach people how to protect animals. “Adoption” is one way for more people to join in and know more about animals. This helps with animal protection. New Ways to Help Animals in Zoo The 6 the Nanjing Hongshan Zoo faces Its income 7 comes from visitors buying tickets. There were a lot 8 visitors because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Zoo’s way to go through hard times They asked people to adopt animals online. The zoo would 9 the money on animals’ food and medical care. The zoo 10 adopters with certificates, free visits, and the chance to feed the animal and clean its living space. 150 animals have been adopted so far. 11 of others zoos’ new ideas Shanghai Wildlife Park livestreams to show the animals’ 12 and attracts millions of viewers. Beijing Zoo makes ice creams in the shape of its animals and use the image of tigers on 13 and Rubik’s cubes. New roles of zoos Modern zoo is not only a place to see animals, but a place for people to 14 about animal protection. Adoption is one way for people to take 15 in protecting animals. 6．problems 7．usually 8．fewer 9．spend 10．provided 11．Some 12．life 13．toys 14．teach 15．part Think you’re smart? Do you think you are smart? In fact, smart people have several things in common. These include being self-aware, high self-control and even a funny personality, Business Insider reported. You may think these traits (特点) come from personal experience or habits. But in fact, there is some scientific evidence behind them. Being self-aware Smart people are better able to admit (承认) when they don’t know something, according to a study by Cornell University in the US. The study found that the less smart you are, the more you overestimate (高估) yourself. In one experiment, for example, students were asked to estimate their scores after taking a test. The students with lower scores overestimated the number of questions they’d gotten right. Meanwhile, those with higher scores underestimated how many questions they’d gotten right. High self-control Scientists have found a link between self-control and intelligence. In a 2009 study published in the journal Psychological Science, participants (参与者) had to choose between two rewards: a smaller amount of money that they could get at once or a larger amount of money that they could get later. The results showed that people who chose to receive the larger amount of money at a later date scored higher on intelligence tests (智力测试). These people had more self-control. Being really funny Do smart people have a better sense of humor? Scientists at the University of New Mexico may think so. One of their studies found that people who wrote funnier cartoon captions (解说词) scored higher on verbal (词语的) intelligence tests. Verbal intelligence is believed to be linked to the whole intelligence. Other trails Besides what we’ve talked above, scientists also find that smart people can easily feel what someone else is thinking or feeling and are more willing to listen to others’ suggestions. They are always curious about many things. So, why not have a check if you are smart? Test 26 smart you are Things in 27 Scientific evidence Being self-aware Smart people have 28 abilities to admit when they don’t know. In one experiment, scientists asked students to estimate after they 29 a test. The students with lower scores overestimated their work while those with high scores underestimated their work. High self-control Smart people have more self-control. In a 2009 study, participants 30 to choose between two rewards. The 31 you are, the more self-control you have. Being really funny Smart people are more 32 . One 33 found that smarter people could write funnier cartoon captions. Other trails Smart people can easily feel about other’s 34 and feelings. They are also willing to 35 other’s suggestions. 26．how 27．common 28．better 29．took 30．had 31．smarter 32．humorous 33．study 34．thoughts 35．follow/accept 20 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$