2025届高考重点知识背诵及真题专项练习Unit1Nature in the balance（牛津译林版必修第三册）

UNIT 1 Nature in the balance 单元词汇 一、写作词汇 1.the continent of Africa非洲大陆 2.attract millions of viewers吸引了数百万观众 3.a conservation area for endangered species一个濒危物种保护区 4.a wildlife habitat 一个野生动植物栖息地 5.beneath the surface of the ocean 在海洋表层下面 6.a mass of snow and rocks 一堆积雪和石块 7.all living things 所有生物 8.an insect bite昆虫叮咬 9.take in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide吸入氧气，呼出二氧化碳 10.have an impact on the residents in the region对这个地区的居民有影响 11.do/cause damage to his reputation 损害他的名誉 12.a warm/wet climate温暖的/潮湿的气候 13.global warming 全球变暖 14.turn off the gas关掉煤气 15.win a medal for his branch为他的部门赢得一枚奖章 16.a herd of lovely deer一群可爱的小鹿 17.the government’s policy on education政府的教育政策 18.an effective learning strategy一个有效的学习策略 19.recycle newspaper 回收报纸 20.the former ...the latter ... 前者……后者…… 21.a downtown subway stop 一个闹市区的地铁站 22.an official language 一种官方语言 23.track vt.& vi.跟踪，追踪 n.足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道；跑道；路线 ①a muddy track through the forest穿过森林的一条泥泞小道 ②the bear’s tracks in the snow雪地上熊的足迹 ③go round the track沿跑道而行 24.profit n.利润，收益；好处 vi.& vt.获益，得到好处 ①a rise/an increase/a fall in profits收益的上升/增长/下降 ②gain much profit from reading从阅读中得到许多好处 25.process n.过程，进程；步骤，流程 vt.加工，处理 ①a long and painful process一个漫长且痛苦的过程 ②go through a factory process 经过一道工厂加工程序 ③be divided into several simple processes分解成多个简单步骤 26.variety n.不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体 The ocean is the home to all life on the Earth， rich in varieties of marine resources.（投稿） 海洋是地球上所有生物的家园，蕴藏着丰富的海洋资源。 27.survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存；幸免于难；比……活（或存在）的时间长 The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history. （中国传统文化） 西安古城墙是中国悠久历史上保存的最完整的城墙。 28.consequence n.结果，后果；重要性 Holding my hands， he said， “Congratulations！ As a consequence of your hard work， you have proved to have the potential to be a good writer.” （语言描写） 他握着我的手说：“祝贺你！由于你的辛勤工作，你已证明有潜力成为一名优秀的作家。” 二、阅读词汇 1.soil n. 土壤；国土，领土，土地 2.overseas adj.海外的，国外的 adv.在海外，向国外 3.region n.地区，区域；行政区 4.biodiversity n.生物多样性 5.nut n.坚果 6.lily n.百合（花） 7.towering adj.高大的，高耸的；出色的 8.hardwood n.阔叶树；硬材（阔叶树的木材） 9.frog n.蛙，青蛙 10.microorganism n.微生物 11.carbon n.碳 12.nutrient n.营养素，营养物 13.cattle n.牛 14.thus adv.因此，从而；这样 15.drought n.旱灾，久旱 16.brochure n.小册子 17.belt n.地带，地区；腰带；传送带 18.shark n.鲨鱼 19.whale n.鲸 20.nowhere adv.无处，哪里都不 21.dolphin n.海豚 22.chief n.首领，最高领导人 adj.主要的；首席的 23.committee n.委员会 24.smog n.雾霾，烟雾 25.protest vi.反对，抗议 vt.反对；坚持声称，申辩 n.抗议，反对 26.strategy n.策略，行动计划；策划，部署 27.poverty n.贫穷，贫困；贫乏 28.[人教选必二UNIT 1]Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair，unable to move and using a computer to talk. n.形象；图像 29.[外研必修二UNIT 6]The process also produces more greenhouse gases.In fact，both kinds of bags are bad for the environment.n.温室，暖房 30.[北师大选必二UNIT 5]Anne was a teacher and former student at a school for the blind in Boston. adj.昔日的；以前的 三、派生词汇 1.harm n.& vt.伤害，损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的 2.length n.长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，（电影）片长→long adj.长的 3.disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→disappearance n.消失→appear vi.出现 4.extinction n.灭绝，绝种→extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的 5.application n.应用，运用；申请→apply v.应用；申请；涂；有关；运用→applicant n.申请人 6.organization n.组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理→organize vt.组织→organizer n.组织者→organized adj.有组织的 7.absolutely adv.绝对地，完全地；极其→absolute adj.绝对的，完全的 8.entirely adv.完全地，全部地，完整地→entire adj.完全的 9.defence n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守→defend vt.保护；防御；辩白→defensive adj.防御性的；自我保护的 10.various adj.各种不同的，各种各样的→variety n.种类；多样化→vary v.相异；变化 11.economic adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的→economical adj.节约的；经济的→economy n.经济→economist n.经济学家 12.poison vt.污染；毒死，毒害 n.毒物，毒药→poisonous adj.有毒的 13.chemical n.化学制品 adj.化学的；化学作用的→chemistry n.化学 →chemist n.化学家 14.further adj.更多的，更进一步的 adv.较远，更远；进一步 vt.促进，增进→far adj.& adv.远的（地）→farther adj.& adv.更远的/地→furthest/farthest adj.& adv.最远的/地 短语词块 1.in turn 相应地，转而 2.break down使分解（为），使变化（成） 3.breathe life into给……带来起色，注入活力 4.due to由于，因为 5.build up逐渐增加，扩大 6.come up with想出，想到 7.call for（公开）要求；需要 8.spring to mind突然记起（或想到） 9.get rid of摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 10.give rise to使发生（或存在） 11.play a role in ...在……中起作用，扮演……角色 12.be made up of由……组成 13.a huge sea of green一片绿色的海洋 14.alive with the sounds of animals到处都是动物发出的声音 15.play a significant role发挥重要作用 16.the towering ancient hardwoods高耸古老的阔叶树 17.different kinds of living things不同种类的生物 18.close to extinction濒临灭绝 19.protest against heavy industry反对重工业 20.in defence of factories为工厂辩护 21.take various measures采取各种各样的措施 22.draw one’s attention吸引某人的注意力 23.hand in hand手拉手 教材句式 1.句式：名词短语作同位语 原句：Welcome to the jungle，a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animals. 欢迎来到这片丛林，这是一片绿色的海洋，到处都可以听到动物发出的声音。 2.句式：“介词＋关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句 原句：The Amazon River， from which the rainforest gets its name， is close to 6，400 kilometres in length ... 亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长接近6400千米…… 3.句式：完全倒装句 原句：Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. 在那上面，在黑暗的森林地面上是大量的落叶。 4.句式：while引导让步状语从句 原句：While a significant number of jaguars survive here， they are only one element of this forest’s food chain. 尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。 5.句式：so＋助动词＋主语 原句：As the human population continues to grow，so does the effect we have on animals. 随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。 6.句式：even though引导让步状语从句 原句：We’ve been taking various measures，including the use of new technologies，to reduce pollution in the production process，even though these measures raise our production costs. 我们一直在采取各种措施，包括使用新技术、减少生产过程中的污染，即使这些措施会增加我们的生产成本。 7.句式：it作形式主语 原句：It’s our duty to protect the environment while we aim for economic development. 我们的责任是保护环境，同时着眼于经济发展。 专题练习 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A [2023·新课标Ⅱ卷，C]Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists' representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time. In this “book of books，” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate__to. Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks—transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures. Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21stcentury point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any batterypowered ereader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “offline” activity. 1．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．An introduction to a book. B．An essay on the art of writing. C．A guidebook to a museum. D．A review of modern paintings. 2．What are the selected artworks about? A．Wealth and intellect. B．Home and school. C．Books and reading. D．Work and leisure. 3．What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Understand. B．Paint. C．Seize. D．Transform. 4．What does the author want to say by mentioning the ereader? A．The printed book is not totally out of date. B．Technology has changed the way we read. C．Our lives in the 21st century are networked. D．People now rarely have the patience to read. B [2024·江苏省连云港上学期第一次月考]In our informationdriven society, shaping our worldview through the media is similar to forming an opinion about someone solely based on a picture of their foot. While the media might not deliberately deceive us, it often fails to provide a comprehensive view of reality. Consequently, the question arises: Where, then, shall we get our information from if not from the media? Who can we trust? How about experts—people who devote their working lives to understanding their chosen slice of the world? However, even experts can fall prey to the allure of oversimplification, leading to the “single perspective instinct” that hampers (阻碍) our ability to grasp the intricacies (错综复杂) of the world. Simple ideas can be appealing because they offer a sense of understanding and certainty. And it is easy to take off down a slippery slope, from one attentiongrabbing simple idea to a feeling that this idea beautifully explains, or is the beautiful solution for, lots of other things. The world becomes simple that way. Yet, when we embrace a singular cause or solution for all problems, we risk oversimplifying complex issues. For instance, championing the concept of equality may lead us to view all problems through the lens of inequality and see resource distribution as the sole panacea. However, such rigidity prevents us from seeing the multidimensional nature of challenges and hinders true comprehension of reality. This “single perspective instinct” ultimately clouds our judgment and restricts our capacity to tackle complex issues effectively. Being always in favor of or always against any particular idea makes you blind to information that doesn't fit your perspective. This is usually a bad approach if you would like to understand reality. Instead, constantly test your favorite ideas for weaknesses. Be humble about the extent of your expertise. Be curious about new information that doesn't fit, and information from other fields. And rather than talking only to people who agree with you, or collecting examples that fit your ideas, consult people who contradict you, disagree with you, and put forward different ideas as a great resource for understanding the world. If this means you don't have time to form so many opinions, so what? Wouldn't you rather have few opinions that are right than many that are wrong? 5．What does the underlined word “allure” in Para.2 probably mean? A．Temptation. B．Tradition. C．Convenience. D．Consequence. 6．Why are simple ideas appealing according to the passage? A.They meet people's demand for high efficiency. B．They generate a sense of complete understanding. C．They are raised and supported by multiple experts. D.They reflect the opinions of likeminded individuals. 7．What will the author probably agree with? A．Simplifying matters releases energy for human brains. B．Constant tests on our ideas help make up for our weakness. C.A wellfounded opinion counts more than many shallow ones. D.People who disagree with us often have comprehensive views. 8．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A．Embracing Disagreement: Refusing Overcomplexity B．Simplifying Information: Enhancing Comprehension C．Understanding Differences: Establishing Relationships D．Navigating Complexity: Challenging Oversimplification Ⅱ.七选五 [2023·全国乙卷]Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. __1__， but studies have shown that they can promote people's wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What's more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive. What are indoor plants? Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. __2__. Why are indoor plants good for you? Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “ __3__. I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. __4__. Which plants can you grow? Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “ __5__，” Spoelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and focus into people's lives and help to make the link between home and nature.” A．All plants are different B．Not only do they look beautiful C．There are many benefits to growing plants indoors D．Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer E．Plants like peace lilies and devil's ivy are among the best F．Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help G．Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding Ⅲ.语法填空 [2024·贵州省部分重点高中入学考试]In the coming weeks, China Daily will be publishing special reports focusing 1.________ the ongoing development of the country's national park system, looking at areas coming under stronger 2.________ (protect) and the species benefiting from many new 3.________ (facility). The Sanjiangyuan National Park, covering 190，700 square kilometers, 4.________ (be) China's largest such facility. It is about 14 times the area of Yellowstone National Park in the United States and 19 times 5.________ (large) than the Banff National Park in Canada. Standing at an average altitude of more than 4, 500 meters, the sparsely populated park in Qinghai Province is the ideal habitat for many wildlife species, 6.________ (include) Tibetan antelopes and snow leopards. Sanjiangyuan, 7.________ means “source of three rivers”， is home to the headwaters of the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and the Lancang River 8.________ (know) as the Mekong once it leaves Chinese territory. As such, the parks has been dubbed “Asia's water tower”. 2% of the total water volume of the Yangtze River, 49% of the Yellow River and 17% of the Lancang River come from the Sanjiangyuan area, with tributaries providing the rest. Decades ago, climate change and human activity caused serious 9.________ (environment) degradation in Sanjangyuan, which resulted in a large number of lakes drying out and wildlife numbers falling 10.________ (sharp). In 2016, the pilot program for the Sanjiangyuan National Park management system was launched, and the area was officially designated as a national park in September in 2021. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ UNIT 1 Nature in the balance 单元词汇 一、写作词汇 1.the continent of Africa非洲大陆 2.attract millions of viewers吸引了数百万观众 3.a conservation area for endangered species一个濒危物种保护区 4.a wildlife habitat 一个野生动植物栖息地 5.beneath the surface of the ocean 在海洋表层下面 6.a mass of snow and rocks 一堆积雪和石块 7.all living things 所有生物 8.an insect bite昆虫叮咬 9.take in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide吸入氧气，呼出二氧化碳 10.have an impact on the residents in the region对这个地区的居民有影响 11.do/cause damage to his reputation 损害他的名誉 12.a warm/wet climate温暖的/潮湿的气候 13.global warming 全球变暖 14.turn off the gas关掉煤气 15.win a medal for his branch为他的部门赢得一枚奖章 16.a herd of lovely deer一群可爱的小鹿 17.the government’s policy on education政府的教育政策 18.an effective learning strategy一个有效的学习策略 19.recycle newspaper 回收报纸 20.the former ...the latter ... 前者……后者…… 21.a downtown subway stop 一个闹市区的地铁站 22.an official language 一种官方语言 23.track vt.& vi.跟踪，追踪 n.足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道；跑道；路线 ①a muddy track through the forest穿过森林的一条泥泞小道 ②the bear’s tracks in the snow雪地上熊的足迹 ③go round the track沿跑道而行 24.profit n.利润，收益；好处 vi.& vt.获益，得到好处 ①a rise/an increase/a fall in profits收益的上升/增长/下降 ②gain much profit from reading从阅读中得到许多好处 25.process n.过程，进程；步骤，流程 vt.加工，处理 ①a long and painful process一个漫长且痛苦的过程 ②go through a factory process 经过一道工厂加工程序 ③be divided into several simple processes分解成多个简单步骤 26.variety n.不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体 The ocean is the home to all life on the Earth， rich in varieties of marine resources.（投稿） 海洋是地球上所有生物的家园，蕴藏着丰富的海洋资源。 27.survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存；幸免于难；比……活（或存在）的时间长 The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history. （中国传统文化） 西安古城墙是中国悠久历史上保存的最完整的城墙。 28.consequence n.结果，后果；重要性 Holding my hands， he said， “Congratulations！ As a consequence of your hard work， you have proved to have the potential to be a good writer.” （语言描写） 他握着我的手说：“祝贺你！由于你的辛勤工作，你已证明有潜力成为一名优秀的作家。” 二、阅读词汇 1.soil n. 土壤；国土，领土，土地 2.overseas adj.海外的，国外的 adv.在海外，向国外 3.region n.地区，区域；行政区 4.biodiversity n.生物多样性 5.nut n.坚果 6.lily n.百合（花） 7.towering adj.高大的，高耸的；出色的 8.hardwood n.阔叶树；硬材（阔叶树的木材） 9.frog n.蛙，青蛙 10.microorganism n.微生物 11.carbon n.碳 12.nutrient n.营养素，营养物 13.cattle n.牛 14.thus adv.因此，从而；这样 15.drought n.旱灾，久旱 16.brochure n.小册子 17.belt n.地带，地区；腰带；传送带 18.shark n.鲨鱼 19.whale n.鲸 20.nowhere adv.无处，哪里都不 21.dolphin n.海豚 22.chief n.首领，最高领导人 adj.主要的；首席的 23.committee n.委员会 24.smog n.雾霾，烟雾 25.protest vi.反对，抗议 vt.反对；坚持声称，申辩 n.抗议，反对 26.strategy n.策略，行动计划；策划，部署 27.poverty n.贫穷，贫困；贫乏 28.[人教选必二UNIT 1]Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair，unable to move and using a computer to talk. n.形象；图像 29.[外研必修二UNIT 6]The process also produces more greenhouse gases.In fact，both kinds of bags are bad for the environment.n.温室，暖房 30.[北师大选必二UNIT 5]Anne was a teacher and former student at a school for the blind in Boston. adj.昔日的；以前的 三、派生词汇 1.harm n.& vt.伤害，损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的 2.length n.长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，（电影）片长→long adj.长的 3.disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→disappearance n.消失→appear vi.出现 4.extinction n.灭绝，绝种→extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的 5.application n.应用，运用；申请→apply v.应用；申请；涂；有关；运用→applicant n.申请人 6.organization n.组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理→organize vt.组织→organizer n.组织者→organized adj.有组织的 7.absolutely adv.绝对地，完全地；极其→absolute adj.绝对的，完全的 8.entirely adv.完全地，全部地，完整地→entire adj.完全的 9.defence n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守→defend vt.保护；防御；辩白→defensive adj.防御性的；自我保护的 10.various adj.各种不同的，各种各样的→variety n.种类；多样化→vary v.相异；变化 11.economic adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的→economical adj.节约的；经济的→economy n.经济→economist n.经济学家 12.poison vt.污染；毒死，毒害 n.毒物，毒药→poisonous adj.有毒的 13.chemical n.化学制品 adj.化学的；化学作用的→chemistry n.化学 →chemist n.化学家 14.further adj.更多的，更进一步的 adv.较远，更远；进一步 vt.促进，增进→far adj.& adv.远的（地）→farther adj.& adv.更远的/地→furthest/farthest adj.& adv.最远的/地 短语词块 1.in turn 相应地，转而 2.break down使分解（为），使变化（成） 3.breathe life into给……带来起色，注入活力 4.due to由于，因为 5.build up逐渐增加，扩大 6.come up with想出，想到 7.call for（公开）要求；需要 8.spring to mind突然记起（或想到） 9.get rid of摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 10.give rise to使发生（或存在） 11.play a role in ...在……中起作用，扮演……角色 12.be made up of由……组成 13.a huge sea of green一片绿色的海洋 14.alive with the sounds of animals到处都是动物发出的声音 15.play a significant role发挥重要作用 16.the towering ancient hardwoods高耸古老的阔叶树 17.different kinds of living things不同种类的生物 18.close to extinction濒临灭绝 19.protest against heavy industry反对重工业 20.in defence of factories为工厂辩护 21.take various measures采取各种各样的措施 22.draw one’s attention吸引某人的注意力 23.hand in hand手拉手 教材句式 1.句式：名词短语作同位语 原句：Welcome to the jungle，a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animals. 欢迎来到这片丛林，这是一片绿色的海洋，到处都可以听到动物发出的声音。 2.句式：“介词＋关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句 原句：The Amazon River， from which the rainforest gets its name， is close to 6，400 kilometres in length ... 亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长接近6400千米…… 3.句式：完全倒装句 原句：Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. 在那上面，在黑暗的森林地面上是大量的落叶。 4.句式：while引导让步状语从句 原句：While a significant number of jaguars survive here， they are only one element of this forest’s food chain. 尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。 5.句式：so＋助动词＋主语 原句：As the human population continues to grow，so does the effect we have on animals. 随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。 6.句式：even though引导让步状语从句 原句：We’ve been taking various measures，including the use of new technologies，to reduce pollution in the production process，even though these measures raise our production costs. 我们一直在采取各种措施，包括使用新技术、减少生产过程中的污染，即使这些措施会增加我们的生产成本。 7.句式：it作形式主语 原句：It’s our duty to protect the environment while we aim for economic development. 我们的责任是保护环境，同时着眼于经济发展。 专题练习 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A [2023·新课标Ⅱ卷，C]Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists' representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time. In this “book of books，” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate__to. Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks—transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures. Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21stcentury point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any batterypowered ereader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “offline” activity. 1．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．An introduction to a book. B．An essay on the art of writing. C．A guidebook to a museum. D．A review of modern paintings. 2．What are the selected artworks about? A．Wealth and intellect. B．Home and school. C．Books and reading. D．Work and leisure. 3．What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Understand. B．Paint. C．Seize. D．Transform. 4．What does the author want to say by mentioning the ereader? A．The printed book is not totally out of date. B．Technology has changed the way we read. C．Our lives in the 21st century are networked. D．People now rarely have the patience to read. A 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重要意义。 1．答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据全文内容尤其是第一段第一句“Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration... three hundred artworks from museums around the world”可知，《阅读艺术：书籍爱好者的艺术》这本书里展示了来自世界各地博物馆的近300件艺术品，本文主要是对该书内容的介绍。故可以推知，本文最有可能摘自书的序言。故选A。 2．答案与解析：C　细节理解题。通过文章第二段“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”可知，选定的艺术品是关于书籍和阅读的。故选C。 3．答案与解析：A　词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”以及“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments (这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻)”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，故与画线短语“relate to”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A。 4．答案与解析：A　推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“it remains as interactive as any battery­powered e­reader (它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性)”以及“printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, ‘off­line’ activity (印刷书籍仍然提供了完全私人的‘离线’活动的机会)”可推知，本文作者提到电子阅读器想表达的是印刷书籍并没有完全过时。故选A。 B [2024·江苏省连云港上学期第一次月考]In our informationdriven society, shaping our worldview through the media is similar to forming an opinion about someone solely based on a picture of their foot. While the media might not deliberately deceive us, it often fails to provide a comprehensive view of reality. Consequently, the question arises: Where, then, shall we get our information from if not from the media? Who can we trust? How about experts—people who devote their working lives to understanding their chosen slice of the world? However, even experts can fall prey to the allure of oversimplification, leading to the “single perspective instinct” that hampers (阻碍) our ability to grasp the intricacies (错综复杂) of the world. Simple ideas can be appealing because they offer a sense of understanding and certainty. And it is easy to take off down a slippery slope, from one attentiongrabbing simple idea to a feeling that this idea beautifully explains, or is the beautiful solution for, lots of other things. The world becomes simple that way. Yet, when we embrace a singular cause or solution for all problems, we risk oversimplifying complex issues. For instance, championing the concept of equality may lead us to view all problems through the lens of inequality and see resource distribution as the sole panacea. However, such rigidity prevents us from seeing the multidimensional nature of challenges and hinders true comprehension of reality. This “single perspective instinct” ultimately clouds our judgment and restricts our capacity to tackle complex issues effectively. Being always in favor of or always against any particular idea makes you blind to information that doesn't fit your perspective. This is usually a bad approach if you would like to understand reality. Instead, constantly test your favorite ideas for weaknesses. Be humble about the extent of your expertise. Be curious about new information that doesn't fit, and information from other fields. And rather than talking only to people who agree with you, or collecting examples that fit your ideas, consult people who contradict you, disagree with you, and put forward different ideas as a great resource for understanding the world. If this means you don't have time to form so many opinions, so what? Wouldn't you rather have few opinions that are right than many that are wrong? 5．What does the underlined word “allure” in Para.2 probably mean? A．Temptation. B．Tradition. C．Convenience. D．Consequence. 6．Why are simple ideas appealing according to the passage? A.They meet people's demand for high efficiency. B．They generate a sense of complete understanding. C．They are raised and supported by multiple experts. D.They reflect the opinions of likeminded individuals. 7．What will the author probably agree with? A．Simplifying matters releases energy for human brains. B．Constant tests on our ideas help make up for our weakness. C.A wellfounded opinion counts more than many shallow ones. D.People who disagree with us often have comprehensive views. 8．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage? A．Embracing Disagreement: Refusing Overcomplexity B．Simplifying Information: Enhancing Comprehension C．Understanding Differences: Establishing Relationships D．Navigating Complexity: Challenging Oversimplification B 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在信息驱动的社会中，通过媒体塑造我们的世界观经常无法提供全面的现实视角。简单的想法可能很吸引人，但是我们会冒着过度简化复杂问题的风险，最终会影响我们的判断力，限制我们有效解决复杂问题的能力。我们应该与持有不同观点的人交谈并试图理解他们的观点，形成正确的观点。 5．答案与解析：A　词义猜测题。根据第二段“leading to the ‘single perspective instinct’ that hampers(阻碍)our ability to grasp the intricacies(错综复杂)of the world.(导致‘单一视角本能’， 阻碍我们掌握世界的复杂性)”可知，专家受到过度简化的allure，也会导致单一视觉，不能掌握世界的复杂性，因此推断此处表示受到了过度简化的诱惑，allure在这里指的是“诱惑”。故选A。 6．答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段的“Simple ideas can be appealing because they offer a sense of understanding and certainty.”可知，简单的想法具有吸引力是因为它们产生一种完全理解的感觉。故选B。 7．答案与解析：C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可推断，作者认为要不断测试自己的想法，要谦虚，要保持好奇，不要只是与同意自己观点的人交谈，要与那些持有与自己不同观点的人交流，接受不同的观点，作为理解世界的重要资源。因此推断作者认为理由充分的观点比肤浅的观点更有价值。故选C。 8．答案与解析：D　主旨大意题。根据第一段内容以及全文内容可知，本文作者主要提出“单一视角本能”最终会影响我们的判断力，限制我们有效解决复杂问题的能力，我们应该接受不同的观点，作为理解世界的重要资源。因此D项“驾驭复杂性：挑战过度简化”为最佳标题。 Ⅱ.七选五 [2023·全国乙卷]Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. __1__， but studies have shown that they can promote people's wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What's more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive. What are indoor plants? Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. __2__. Why are indoor plants good for you? Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “ __3__. I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. __4__. Which plants can you grow? Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “ __5__，” Spoelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and focus into people's lives and help to make the link between home and nature.” A．All plants are different B．Not only do they look beautiful C．There are many benefits to growing plants indoors D．Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer E．Plants like peace lilies and devil's ivy are among the best F．Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help G．Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是室内植物、室内植物带来的好处及你能种植哪些室内植物。 1．答案与解析：B　根据下文“but studies have shown that they can promote people's wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory.(而且研究表明，它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助增强记忆力来促进人们的健康)”可知，此处与下文是递进关系，构成not only...but“不仅……而且……”结构。由此可知，B.Not only do they look beautiful(它们不仅看起来很漂亮)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。 2．答案与解析：D　根据上文“Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter.(这些品种中的许多都不适合在英国户外生长，尤其是在冬天)”可知，有些植物不适合在户外寒冷的环境中生长，即适合在温暖的地方生长。由此可知，D.Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer(相反，它们在温暖的室内生长得更好)能够承接上文，符合语境。故选D。 3．答案与解析：C　根据下文“I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.(我发现在冬天的几个月里，房子周围的植物真的能提升你的情绪)”可知，室内植物对人有好处。由此可知，C.There are many benefits to growing plants indoors(在室内种植植物有很多好处)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选C。 4．答案与解析：E　根据上文“There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.(也有研究表明，盆栽植物可以通过去除二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气。它们还能去除油漆或烹饪中的一些有害化学物质)”可知，盆栽植物能够清除有害物质。由此可知，E. Plants like peace lilies and devil's ivy are among the best(像和平百合和魔芋之类的植物是最好的)能够承接上文，列举了在这方面做的最好的植物，符合语境。故选E。 5．答案与解析：G　根据上文“Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature—which is part of the joy of owning plants.(年轻的植物通常比成熟的植物便宜，而且你可以在它们成熟时照顾它们——这是拥有植物的乐趣之一。)”可知，不同的植物需求是不同的。由此可知，G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding(了解每种植物的需求是非常有益的。)能够承接上文，同时引起下文，下文“It can bring a new interest and focus into people's lives and help to make the link between home and nature.(它可以为人们的生活带来新的兴趣和焦点，并有助于建立家庭与自然之间的联系。)”具体介绍了了解每种植物的需求的好处。故选G。 Ⅲ.语法填空 [2024·贵州省部分重点高中入学考试]In the coming weeks, China Daily will be publishing special reports focusing 1.________ the ongoing development of the country's national park system, looking at areas coming under stronger 2.________ (protect) and the species benefiting from many new 3.________ (facility). The Sanjiangyuan National Park, covering 190，700 square kilometers, 4.________ (be) China's largest such facility. It is about 14 times the area of Yellowstone National Park in the United States and 19 times 5.________ (large) than the Banff National Park in Canada. Standing at an average altitude of more than 4, 500 meters, the sparsely populated park in Qinghai Province is the ideal habitat for many wildlife species, 6.________ (include) Tibetan antelopes and snow leopards. Sanjiangyuan, 7.________ means “source of three rivers”， is home to the headwaters of the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and the Lancang River 8.________ (know) as the Mekong once it leaves Chinese territory. As such, the parks has been dubbed “Asia's water tower”. 2% of the total water volume of the Yangtze River, 49% of the Yellow River and 17% of the Lancang River come from the Sanjiangyuan area, with tributaries providing the rest. Decades ago, climate change and human activity caused serious 9.________ (environment) degradation in Sanjangyuan, which resulted in a large number of lakes drying out and wildlife numbers falling 10.________ (sharp). In 2016, the pilot program for the Sanjiangyuan National Park management system was launched, and the area was officially designated as a national park in September in 2021. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国政府将会加强对三江源国家公园的保护并关注其持续发展。 1．答案与解析：on/upon　考查介词。固定搭配：focus on/upon，意为“专注……”。 2．答案与解析：protection　考查名词。空处作介词宾语，应用名词protection，不可数名词。 3．答案与解析：facilities　考查名词复数。根据空前的“many”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。 4．答案与解析：is　考查时态和主谓一致。空处作谓语动词，本句为客观事实，用一般现在时；主语为单数，故填is。 5．答案与解析：larger　考查形容词比较级。根据空后的“than”可知，空处为形容词比较级。 6．答案与解析：including　考查介词。空后名词属于空前“many wildlife species”，用介词，表示“包括”。故填including。 7．答案与解析：which　考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Sanjiangyuan”，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which。 8．答案与解析：known　考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，和被修饰词“the Lancang River”之间存在被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填known。 9．答案与解析：environmental　考查形容词。空处修饰名词degradation，应用形容词environmental，作定语。 10．答案与解析：sharply　考查副词。句意：几十年前，气候变化和人类活动导致三江源环境严重恶化，大量湖泊干涸，野生动物数量急剧下降。此处修饰动词“fall”，用副词形式，作状语。故填sharply。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$