2025年中考英语一轮复习：专题九动词和动词短语（课件）

中考英语一轮复习备考合集 专题九 动词和动词短语 考情分析 考情分析 近几年的中考真题对动词的考查主要涉及实义动词和感官动词的辨析及用法。 对动词短语的考查主要是： 1.同一动词+不同介词/副词； 2. 不同动词+同一个词/副词； 3. 不同动词+不同介词/副词。 知识回顾 知识回顾 实义动词的分类 实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词，又可称为行为动词，如work, study, run等。按其句法作用分为及物动词和不及物动词；按其持续性分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。 及物动词(transitive verb=vt.) Dick is watching TV. 迪克正在看电视。 及物动词本身意义不完整，后面要跟一个名词或代词等作宾语才能使其意思完整。 动词+宾语 宾语可以是名词，代词或相当于名词的词，如doing或 to do。 知识回顾 宾补可以是名词，形容词，现在分词，不定式，副词，介词短语。 We call her Linda. 我们叫她琳达。 动词+宾语+宾补 接省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有：make, let, see, watch, have, hear, notice, feel, listen to, observe, help等。 The teacher explains the lesson to the students. 老师向学生讲解课程。 知识回顾 常见的带双宾语的动词 1> 能接以to引导的间接宾语的动词常见的有：bring, give, leave, lend, offer, pass, play, read, send, show, take, teach, tell, write等。 Could you lend your dictionary to me? 请你把你的字典借我用下好吗? She passed the salt to him. 她把盐递给了他。 I'll fetch a chair for you. 我去给你拿一把椅子。 2> 能接以for引导的间接宾语的动词常见的有：build, buy, cook, cut, fetch, find, get, keep, make, order, save, pick, play, sing, take, win, write等。 知识回顾 不及物动词自身意思完整，无需接宾语。后接宾语时，必须先加介 词、副词等，使其变成及物的短语动词，它的作用等于一个及物动 词。如：look, wait, cry, smile, laugh, stop, rain等。 1> 动词+介词 Listen to me carefully. 仔细听我讲。 She doesn’t agree with me. 他不同意我。 She is looking at the picture. 她正在看照片。 此类动词后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都只能放在介词后面，不能放在动词和介词之间。 不及物动词 (Intransitive verb=vi.) 知识回顾 2> 动词+副词 She turned off the light when she left. 当她离开时，她把灯关了。 She picked it up and gave it to me. 她把它捡起来并递给了我。 代词作宾语时必须放在动词后、副词前，当宾语是名词时，放在副词前后均可。 3> 动词+副词+介词 She gets along well with her classmates. 她与她的同学相处得很好。 宾语只能放在介词之后。 知识回顾 4> 动词+名词+介词 She takes pride in doing a job well. 她因做好工作而自豪。 这类词组的名词前可以加形容词作定语，其后的宾语只能放在介词之后。 有些动词既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词 We must study English well. 我们必须学好英语。 We must study hard. 我们必须努力学习。 The girls are flying kites. 女孩们正在放风筝。 Birds can fly. 鸟会飞。 及物动词 不及物动词 及物动词 不及物动词 知识回顾 延续性动词和短暂性动词 1. 延续性动词表示动作是延续性的，可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。这样的词有live, stay, work, keep, study, teach等。 You can keep the book for a week. 你可以借用这本书一个星期。 2. 短暂性动词表示瞬间动作，动作一经发生立即结束，不能 和表示一段时间的状语连用。这样的词有die, buy, borrow, lend, arrive, join, finish, go, come, catch等。 I finished my homework last night. 我做完完成了作业 知识回顾 1. spend, cost, take与pay How much does it cost? 这个东西要多少钱? She spends most of her time (in) studying. 她的大部分时间都用在学习上。 It took me about half an hour to get to the airport. 到机场花了我大概半个小时。 易混动词词义辨析 1) spend指花费时间或者金钱，后接on sth.或(in)doing sth.；cost的 主语为物，意为“值多少钱”。 2) take表示花费多少时间，可用于固定句型“It+takes/took+sb. +时间+to do sth.”。 3) pay表示“花费,支付,付款”,用表示人的名词或代词作主语，多与 介词for连用。 知识回顾 2. get, reach与arrive We arrived at the station five minutes late. 我们到车站时晚了五分钟。 1) arrive和get是不及物动词，后面需要先加介词再加地点，其中 “arrive at+小地方”,“arrive in+大地方”“get to+地点”。 2) reach是及物动词，后面直接加地点。但三个词接here, there, home之类的表地点。 When did he reach home yesterday? 昨天他什么时候到的家？ 知识回顾 3. happen与take place If anything happens, please let me know. 若有什么事发生，请告诉我。 1) happen为不及物动词，表示“偶然发生”，如果后接不定式， 是“碰巧”的意思。 Great changes have taken place in my hometown. 我的家乡发生了巨大变化。 2) take place通常指经过安排或有计划地使某事“发生”。 I happened to meet her on my way home. 我在回家的路上碰巧遇到了她。 知识回顾 4. raise与rise She stood up and raised her voice. 她站了起来，抬高了嗓门。 1) raise是及物动词，意为“提高;增加;筹款;养育”，后面可直接 带宾语。 Smoke was rising from the chimney. 烟从烟囱里升起。 2) rise是不及物动词，意为“上升;升高;上涨”。 知识回顾 5. dress, put on与wear 1) dress"穿"；dress sb."给某人穿衣服"，dress sb. up"打扮某人"。 Let's dress the kids or we'll never be on time. 让我们替孩子们穿衣服吧，否则我们决不会按时到达。 2) put on与wear都表示“穿上,戴上”，put on表示动作，wear 表示状态。 She was wearing a brown uniform. 她穿着一件棕色制服。 穿上,表示动作 穿着，表示状态 知识回顾 6. provide与offer 1) provide为应付意外、紧急情况作好充分准备而“提供,供给”， 常用于provide sb. with sth.或 provide sth. for sb.结构。 They provided us with all the books we needed. 他们为我们提供所需书籍。 2) offer侧重表示愿意给予，常用offer sb. sth.=offer sth.to sb.； offer还表示主动去做，用offer to do。 She offered me a cup of tea. 她给了我一杯茶。 =She offered a cup of tea to me. 知识回顾 7. borrow, lend与keep 1) borrow表示“借入”，即说话人向别人借“进”东西供自己用 常有borrow sth. from sb. or somewhere。 —Can I borrow your English book? 我可以借一下你的英语书吗? —For two weeks. 两周。 2) lend表示“借出”，对主语来说是借出，即主语把东西借出去 给别人使用，常用lend sth. to sb.或lend sb. sth.。 3) keep意为“保留；保存”，当表示借用某物多久时可用keep，引 申为“借用”，可以跟for或How long等表示一段时间的状语连用。 —How long may I keep the book? 这本书我可以借多久? —Yes, but you'd better not lend it to others. 可以，但是你最好不要把它借给别人。 典型题例 典型题例 【2024年山东滨州中考真题】—Mum, would you like to help me clear out these old clothes? —Oh, they are still in good condition. Let’s _________ to people in need. A. give them away B. wash them away C. throw them away D. keep them away 答案：A 解析：考查动词短语。句意：—妈妈，你能帮我把这些旧衣服清理一下吗？—哦，它们的状况仍然很好。让我们把它们送给有需要的人。give away赠送；wash away冲走；throw away扔掉；keep away远离。根据“...to people in need”可知，此处指把旧衣服捐赠给有需要的人。故选A。 答案：A 解析：考查动词辨析。 returned归还;pointed指着;waved挥手;caught抓住。根据We...the books to the library after we read them. (我们看完书后把书……图书馆。)可知,此处是说"我们看完书后把书归还了图书馆。故选A。 【2024年天津中考真题】We _______ the books to the library after we read them. A. returned B. pointed C. waved D. caught 20 典型题例 【2024年山东东营中考真题】Jenny, you have _____ a lot, much thinner and more hardworking than before. A. done B. changed C. learned D. practiced 答案：B 解析：考查动词辨析。句意：珍妮，你变了很多，比以前瘦了很多，也更努力了。done做；changed改变；learned学习；practiced练习。根据“much thinner and more hardworking than before.”可知她更瘦更努力了，所以是改变了很多。故选B。 答案：B 解析：考查动词短语。句意：为了过绿色生活，我们离开房间时应该记得关灯。turn on打开；turn off关闭；turn up调高；turn down调低。根据“To live a green life”及“the lights when we leave a room”可知，为了环保，离开房间时应该关灯。故选B。 【2024年江苏连云港中考真题】To live a green life, we should remember to _________ the lights when we leave a room. A. turn on B. turn off C. turn up D. turn down 21 典型题例 【2024年江苏无锡中考真题】I couldn’t ________ what else he has to say. Everyone knows that’s a lie. A. suppose B. imagine C. realize D. consider 答案：B 解析：考查动词辨析。句意：我无法想象他还会说些什么。每个人都知道那是个谎言。suppose推断；imagine想象；realize意识到；consider考虑。根据“I couldn’t ... what else he has to say.”可知，无法想象他还会说些什么。故选B。 答案：D 解析：考查动词短语。 take pride in 以……为傲;keep clear of 避开、远离;get into the habit of 养成……的习惯;stay in touch with 保持联系。根据句意可知此处表达的是"保持联系",所以D选项符合题意。故选D。 【2024年天津中考真题】Email is one of the great ways to _______ friends. A. take pride in B. keep clear of C. get into the habit of D. stay in touch with 22 模拟训练 模拟训练 1.My father ______ my mother when they were both 26years old, and they _____ for 15 years. A. married to; got married B. married with; got married C. was married; have been married D. married; have been married 2.—I'm sorry I _____ my exercise book at home this morning. —It doesn't matter. Don't forget _____ it here this afternoon. A. left; to take B. forgot; to take C. left; to bring D. forgot; to bring 模拟训练 3. —Does your brother______ a ping-pong bat? —Yes, he______. A. has; does B. have; has C. have; does D. has; have 4. —Could you give me some advice on how to ________ my reading speed? —You can try to read word groups instead of word by word. A. control B. increase C. keep 5. I ________ to see the latest movie Transformers One this week because there was no ticket available. A. tried B. decided C. failed 模拟训练 6.—I'm afraid the journey across Europe will _____. —You'd better not waste a penny as you just live from hand to mouth. A. clean me out B. leave me out C. keep me out D. bring me out 7.Scientists found that dogs may know human's feelings by _____ our breath and sweat(汗). A. tasting B. smelling C. touching D. watching 8.—Can I ___ your bike? —With pleasure. But you mustn’t _____it to others. A. lend; borrow B. borrow; lend C. lend; lend D. borrow; borrow SEE YOU NEXT TIME $$