专题03非谓语动词（主宾表）（知识讲解+题型练习）-【寒假自学课】2025年高二英语寒假提升精品讲义（外研版2019）

专题03 非谓语动词（主宾表）复习 考点聚焦：核心考点+小考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 学以致用：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 1. 动名词作主语 2. 动名词和不定式作宾语 3. 动名词，不定式和分词作表语 考点一 动名词作主语 一、动名词作主语的用法 1．动名词作主语时，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，通常置于句首，谓语动词用单数形式。 Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language. 大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。 Climbing mountains is really difficult for the old. 爬山对于老年人来说真的很困难。 2．形式主语it代替动名词作主语。 此类句式常见的有： It is a waste of time doing...　　 做……是浪费时间的 It is no good/use doing...　　　 做……是没有用的 It is useless doing...　　　 做……没有用 It is no fun doing...　　　 做……没有乐趣 It is no good/use regretting for the past. 悔恨过去是没有用的。 It is a waste of time arguing with him about the matter. 同他争辩这件事真是浪费时间。 3．在There is no...结构中，通常用动名词形式，意为“不可能、没有”，相当于It is impossible to do...。 There is no joking about such a matter. 这种事开不得玩笑。 二、动词不定式与动名词作主语的区别 (1) 动名词作主语往往表示一般或抽象的多次的行为；动词不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作。 (2)动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it 作形式主语放在句首。 Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火是危险的。(泛指玩火) To play with fire will be dangerous.= It will be dangerous to play with fire. 玩火将很危险。(指某一具体动作) 【考点再现】 (1)(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)This is why decorating with plants，fruits and flowers __________(carry) special significance. (2)(2019·天津卷) __________(learn) to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future. (3)(全国卷Ⅱ)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow _____ (be) often acceptable. (4)There is no __________ (assess) how many officers are participating in the slow down. 考点二 动名词和不定式作宾语 一、动名词作宾语 只跟动名词作宾语的常见动词或短语有suggest、finish、practice、avoid、miss、enjoy、imagine、admit、consider (考虑)、escape、risk、mind、stand (忍受)、oppose、put off、postpone、give up、quit、keep on、feel like、be used to (习惯于)、look forward to、get down to、lead to、object to、stick to、pay attention to、insist on、be busy in、can't help、be addicted to、be committed to、set about等。 Young people may risk going deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day. 如果年轻人每天听很吵的音乐，那么就会有失聪的危险。 在下列句型中可用动名词作宾语： be awarded for doing...　　　　 因做……而被授予…… be worth doing... 值得做…… What/How about doing...? 做……怎么样？ have difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing... 做……有困难 have fun (in) doing... 做……很快乐 spend/waste time/money (in) doing... 花费/浪费时间/金钱做…… 【考点再现】 (1)(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)A 90-­year-­old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for _________(be) Britain's oldest full­-time employee—still working 40 hours a week. (2)Would you mind my _________(open) the window? 二、动词不定式作宾语 1．只跟不定式作宾语的动词有afford、agree、choose、decide、determine、expect、aim、long、tend、learn、ask、prepare、hope、manage、fail、refuse、want、wish、offer、promise、struggle、pretend、happen (碰巧)、 be likely to do、set out等。 Having spent nearly all our money, we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel. 由于我们几乎花光了所有的钱，我们住不起旅馆了。 If you happen to get lost in the wild, you'd better stay where you are and wait for help. 如果你碰巧在野外迷路了，最好待在原地等待帮助。 2．能接“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语的动词有show、understand、tell、explain、teach、learn、know、ask、decide、wonder等。 He didn't know how to deal with the accident. 他不知道怎样处理这场事故。 【考点再现】 完成句子 (1)妈妈告诉我怎样准备。 My mom told me ___________________ it. (2)我在回家的路上碰巧遇到他。 I ______________________ on my way home. (3)她许诺当她长大后给妈妈买个大房子。 She ___________________ her mother a big house as she grows up. 三、既可接动名词又可接不定式的动词用法 1．(1) 有些动词如hate、like、love、prefer后接动名词作宾语，表示习惯性或经常性的行为；若表示特定的、具体的或一次性的活动，则多用不定式作宾语。 They prefer staying indoors when it is cold. 天冷时他们喜欢待在屋里。 Would you prefer to stay at home or go to the movies with us this evening? 今晚你想待在家里还是和我们一起去看电影呢？ (2) begin、start、continue等词后接不定式或动名词作宾语时意义差别不大。 Tom began to learn/learning how to use a computer. 汤姆开始学习如何使用电脑。 2．有些动词既可以接不定式，也可以接动名词作宾语，而且意义差别很大。 (1)try to do...　　　　　　 尽力做…… try doing... 试着去做…… (2)mean to do... 打算做…… mean doing... 意味着做…… (3)regret to do... 遗憾要去做…… regret doing... 后悔做过…… (4)remember to do... 记得去做…… remember doing... 记得做过…… (5)forget to do... 忘记去做…… forget doing... 忘记做了…… The teacher regretted to tell Tom he didn't pass the exam, and Tom regretted not studying hard. 老师遗憾地告诉汤姆他没通过考试，汤姆后悔没有努力学习。 When they saw the teacher, they stopped talking. 当他们看见老师时，他们停止说话。 She found me in trouble and she stopped to help me. 她发现我有麻烦，于是停下来帮我。 3．动词allow、advise、forbid、permit后直接跟动名词形式作宾语；如果动词后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语，即“allow/advise/forbid/permit sb. to do sth.”。 My parents don't allow smoking in our house. 我父母不允许在家里抽烟。 My parents don't allow me to smoke in our house. 我父母不允许我在家里抽烟。 4．need、require、want表示“需要”时，后面接动名词,表示被动含义，相当于接不定式的被动形式(to be done)。有类似用法的还有deserve (值得、应该)。 The condition of this car is so serious. It really needs repairing/to be repaired before driving on the road again. 这辆车的状况是如此糟糕，它再次上路前确实需要维修一下。 【考点再现】 (1)(2020·天津卷7月) Making a full­-length clay(黏土) figure would not exhaust my strength—and that is what I intend ___________ (do)! (2)(2019·北京卷)Success means ___________ (get) personal desires satisfied. (3)His T-­shirt requires _______________________(wash)． (4)(2020·天津卷7月)He convinced the police department to allow him ___________(set) up a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks. 考点一 不定式，动名词和分词作表语 一、动词不定式作表语 1．不定式作表语时表示预测将要发生的动作，或表示未来的可能性或假设。 You must speak out, if we are to remain friends. 如果我们还想继续做朋友的话,你就必须痛痛快快地把话都说出来。 2．当主语是aim、 purpose、 idea、 plan、 wish、 decision、 choice等词时，常用不定式作表语。 His wish is to be a doctor in the future. 他的愿望是将来当一名医生。 3．主语为what引导的名词性从句,表示将来特定的某一次动作时，常用不定式作表语。 What she would suggest is to put off the meeting. 她建议把会议推迟。 温馨提示： 不定式作表语时，如果前面有实义动词do的形式，作表语的不定式常省略to。 What I want to do most in senior high is (to) improve my English. 我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。 【考点再现】 完成句子 (1) 我从小就有很多梦想。现在我的梦想是开一家咖啡馆。 I've had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is _____________． (1) 教育的目的是培养儿童完美的品格。 The purpose of education is ______________________________ in children. (3)他想做的是在玛丽面临困难时帮助她。 What he wants to do ________________________ when she is in face of difficulty. 二、动名词作表语 动名词作表语强调的是一般性、抽象性的、经常发生的动作。动词不定式作表语强调的是一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作。 His job is painting walls. 他的工作是粉刷墙壁。(这是他日常的工作) 温馨提示: 作表语的动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，即主语与表语可互换位置。如果句中的主语和表语同为动词时，要注意保持两个动词在形式上的一致。 Seeing is believing. ＝To see is to believe.　眼见为实。 三、分词作表语 1．现在分词作表语 现在分词作表语往往具有形容词的性质,说明主语的性质、特征等。作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有moving、 interesting、 encouraging、 exciting、 inspiring、 boring、 surprising、 puzzling、 amusing、 astonishing。这类分词有“令人……的”的含义，常修饰物。 The argument is very convincing. 这个论点很令人信服。 His performance is very entertaining, which brings us much pleasure. 他的表演非常有趣，给我们带来很多的乐趣。 2．过去分词作表语 (1)过去分词可放在连系动词be、 get、 feel、 remain、 seem、 look、 become等之后作表语，表示主语所处的状态。 Tom was astonished to see a snake moving across the floor. 汤姆很惊讶地看到一条蛇正爬过地板。 Finally the baby felt tired of playing with those toys. 最后婴儿厌倦了玩那些玩具。 (3) 过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别 过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态；而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。 The library is now closed. (状态) 图书馆现在关闭了。 The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. (动作) 昨天我妹妹把杯子打碎了。 (3)感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别 过去分词作表语多表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等，常译作“感到……的”；现在分词多表示事物具有的特性，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物，常译作“令人……的”。 We were amazed at what he said at the meeting. 我们对他在会上讲的话很惊讶。 His words were discouraging, which made many people discouraged. 　 他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。 温馨提示; exciting 令人激动的 excited 激动的、兴奋的 astonishing 令人惊讶的 astonished 惊讶的 disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed 感动失望的 frightening 令人害怕的 frightened 感动害怕的 moving 令人感动的 moved 受感动的 puzzling 令人困惑的 puzzled 感到困惑的 一、单项选择 1．I regret________ you that you have failed the test and suggest you ________ better preparations next time. A．informing; making B．to inform; to make C．to inform; making D．informing; to make 2．It’s no use ________ about the result. What you should do is to take action. A．complain B．complaining C．to complain D．Complained 3．____ such a complex problem requires not only professional knowledge but also a great deal of patience. A．Solve B．Solved C．To solve D．Solving 4．______ to a foreign culture is beneficial for us to comprehend the local culture. A．Exposed B．Being exposed C．Exposing D．To expose 5．In addition to ______ money aside for university, it also means investing in yourself. A．put B．putting C．being put D．have put 6．It remains ________ whether the new traffic regulations will adapt to the actual situation after they are issued. A．to see B．seeing C．being seen D．to be seen 7．______ too much TV does harm to our eyes. A．Watching B．To have watched C．Watched D．To be watching 8．Wu Guanzhong’s goal as an artist is________ western principles of art with Chinese spirit. A．combining B．combined C．to combine D．Combine 9．Jamie decided to join the basketball team because he enjoyed ________ himself as well as meeting new friends. A．challenged B．challenging C．to challenge D．Challenge 10．________ children to respect others is believed to be the responsibility of parents. A．Educating B．To educate C．Educated D．Educate 11．The novel I bought yesterday_________. A．is worth reading B．is worth being read C．is worthy of reading D．was worth being read 12．As a child, my only life goal was ______ a famous dancer. A．to become B．becoming C．to have become D．Becomes 13．Her lack of preparation resulted in ______ during the presentation. A．fail B．having failed C．failed D．Failing 14．During the meeting, please remain ______ until the speaker has finished. A．seated B．seating C．to seat D．Seat 15．______ music requires creativity and skill, which is not just about following rules. A．To compose B．Composing C．Composed D．Compose 16．________ the task on time made him unhappy. A．Don’t finish B．Not finishing C．Finishing not D．No finish 17．The company decided to quit ________ plastic packaging in order to reduce their environmental impact. A．use B．using C．to using D．to use 18．Helen spent a lot of time ______ to solve the math problem but she still had trouble ______ it out. A．trying; to work B．trying; working C．to try; to work D．to try; working 19．Tom tends ______ very well in a match and that may allow us ______ the match to be held tomorrow. A．to perform; to win B．to perform; winning C．performing; to win D．performing; winning 20．What's more, ________ others sincerely and kindly makes a big difference to our life and study. A．to be treated B．treating C．treat D．Treated 21．When Liu Wei had to stop ________ due to health problems, he decided ________ how to play the piano with his toes. A．to swim; to learn B．to swim; learning C．swimming; to learn D．swimming; learning 22．When you read books in a library, you must obey the rules there to avoid ______ to leave. A．asking B．being asked C．asked D．having asked 23．Frank and his friends had great fun ______ volleyball on the beach yesterday. A．play B．playing C．to play D．Played 24．My father is considering ________ a computer, which is of great help in our work and study. A．to buy B．buying C．bought D．having bought 25．My computer needs ________ but I forgot ________ it to the repair shop. A．to repair; taking B．to repair; to take C．repairing; to take D．repairing; taking 26．His heart sank the moment he read the message—We regret ________ you that you haven’t been selected for our school soccer team. A．to inform B．informing C．having informed D．to have informed 27．It’s difficult to imagine his________the decision without any consideration. A．to accept B．accept C．accepting D．Accepted 28．His unique talent in music helped him get ______ as a rising star. A．recognized B．to recognize C．recognizing D．Recognize 29．There is too much work at hand, so we have to postpone __________ the movie until next week. A．watching B．watched C．to watch D．Watch 30．Her job is ________ patients in the hospital; but this weekend her task is  ________her granny. A．nursing; looking after B．nursing; to look after C．to nurse; looking after D．to nurse; to look after 1． (detect) subtle differences in data is a key component in the advancement of scientific research and technology. 2. It is really hard for the public (convince) of the necessity and immediacy of social reforms. 3. Yuan Longping, the father of hybrid rice, was committed to (remove) hunger across the world. 4. The scientist strongly opposes (advocate) for the relaxation of environmental regulations. 5. He set about (help) homeless women and children to place of safety. 6. The team failed (win) the first place. 7. Teenagers who have more fat and sugar in their diet are more likely (put) on weight. 8. It took him a long time (acquire) the skills that he needed for his job. 9. A foreign exchange program is well worth (try), as it opens up new opportunities for personal growth. 10. Nowadays, many people struggle (keep) the balance between work and family. 11. The expert was so addicted to (do) the project that he didn’t notice me come in. 12. When we are on vacation, (rent) a bike is a great way to explore a new city. 13. I still remember (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time. 14. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) early by running. 15. It’s a waste of time (try) to persuade him to have a holiday because he is facing a challenge. 16. The newcomer’s (fail) to work out the technical problem didn’t make her lose heart. 17. The film star wears sunglasses, hoping that he can go shopping without (recognise). 18. In March, Jacky Cheung had no option but (postpone) his Shanghai concert due to his illness. 19. He pretended not (know) me when we met on the street, which really upset me. 20. We highly recommend (sign) up for this course because it is perfect for you. 21. Only with the greatest of luck did she manage (escape) from the rising floodwater. 22. They always look for excuses to postpone (do) something. 23. I tried to quit (smoke) several times before I realised I was addicted. 24. The moment I got home, I got down to (pack) the suitcase. 25. Most people who want to lose weight by going on a diet will end up (put) weight back on. 26. We did everything to stop the enemy from (seize) the city and finally we succeeded. 27. While shopping, ladies sometimes can’t help (persuade) into buying more clothes than necessary. 28. She began (write) short stories in senior high school. 29. The twins were so much alike that I have difficulty (distinguish) one from the other. 30．I began by (jog) in the park and worked up to running five miles a day. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 非谓语动词（主宾表）复习 考点聚焦：核心考点+小考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 学以致用：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 1. 动名词作主语 2. 动名词和不定式作宾语 3. 动名词，不定式和分词作表语 考点一 动名词作主语 一、动名词作主语的用法 1．动名词作主语时，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，通常置于句首，谓语动词用单数形式。 Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language. 大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。 Climbing mountains is really difficult for the old. 爬山对于老年人来说真的很困难。 2．形式主语it代替动名词作主语。 此类句式常见的有： It is a waste of time doing...　　 做……是浪费时间的 It is no good/use doing...　　　 做……是没有用的 It is useless doing...　　　 做……没有用 It is no fun doing...　　　 做……没有乐趣 It is no good/use regretting for the past. 悔恨过去是没有用的。 It is a waste of time arguing with him about the matter. 同他争辩这件事真是浪费时间。 3．在There is no...结构中，通常用动名词形式，意为“不可能、没有”，相当于It is impossible to do...。 There is no joking about such a matter. 这种事开不得玩笑。 二、动词不定式与动名词作主语的区别 (1) 动名词作主语往往表示一般或抽象的多次的行为；动词不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作。 (2)动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it 作形式主语放在句首。 Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火是危险的。(泛指玩火) To play with fire will be dangerous.= It will be dangerous to play with fire. 玩火将很危险。(指某一具体动作) 【考点再现】 (1)(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)This is why decorating with plants，fruits and flowers __________(carry) special significance. (2)(2019·天津卷) __________(learn) to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future. (3)(全国卷Ⅱ)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow _____ (be) often acceptable. (4)There is no __________ (assess) how many officers are participating in the slow down. 答案: (1) carries (2) Learning (3) is (4) assessing 考点二 动名词和不定式作宾语 一、动名词作宾语 只跟动名词作宾语的常见动词或短语有suggest、finish、practice、avoid、miss、enjoy、imagine、admit、consider (考虑)、escape、risk、mind、stand (忍受)、oppose、put off、postpone、give up、quit、keep on、feel like、be used to (习惯于)、look forward to、get down to、lead to、object to、stick to、pay attention to、insist on、be busy in、can't help、be addicted to、be committed to、set about等。 Young people may risk going deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day. 如果年轻人每天听很吵的音乐，那么就会有失聪的危险。 在下列句型中可用动名词作宾语： be awarded for doing...　　　　 因做……而被授予…… be worth doing... 值得做…… What/How about doing...? 做……怎么样？ have difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing... 做……有困难 have fun (in) doing... 做……很快乐 spend/waste time/money (in) doing... 花费/浪费时间/金钱做…… 【考点再现】 (1)(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)A 90-­year-­old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for _________(be) Britain's oldest full­-time employee—still working 40 hours a week. (2)Would you mind my _________(open) the window? 答案：(1) being (2)opening 二、动词不定式作宾语 1．只跟不定式作宾语的动词有afford、agree、choose、decide、determine、expect、aim、long、tend、learn、ask、prepare、hope、manage、fail、refuse、want、wish、offer、promise、struggle、pretend、happen (碰巧)、 be likely to do、set out等。 Having spent nearly all our money, we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel. 由于我们几乎花光了所有的钱，我们住不起旅馆了。 If you happen to get lost in the wild, you'd better stay where you are and wait for help. 如果你碰巧在野外迷路了，最好待在原地等待帮助。 2．能接“疑问词＋不定式”作宾语的动词有show、understand、tell、explain、teach、learn、know、ask、decide、wonder等。 He didn't know how to deal with the accident. 他不知道怎样处理这场事故。 【考点再现】 完成句子 (1)妈妈告诉我怎样准备。 My mom told me ___________________ it. (2)我在回家的路上碰巧遇到他。 I ______________________ on my way home. (3)她许诺当她长大后给妈妈买个大房子。 She ___________________ her mother a big house as she grows up. 答案: (1) how to prepare (2) happened to meet him (3) promises to buy 三、既可接动名词又可接不定式的动词用法 1．(1) 有些动词如hate、like、love、prefer后接动名词作宾语，表示习惯性或经常性的行为；若表示特定的、具体的或一次性的活动，则多用不定式作宾语。 They prefer staying indoors when it is cold. 天冷时他们喜欢待在屋里。 Would you prefer to stay at home or go to the movies with us this evening? 今晚你想待在家里还是和我们一起去看电影呢？ (2) begin、start、continue等词后接不定式或动名词作宾语时意义差别不大。 Tom began to learn/learning how to use a computer. 汤姆开始学习如何使用电脑。 2．有些动词既可以接不定式，也可以接动名词作宾语，而且意义差别很大。 (1)try to do...　　　　　　 尽力做…… try doing... 试着去做…… (2)mean to do... 打算做…… mean doing... 意味着做…… (3)regret to do... 遗憾要去做…… regret doing... 后悔做过…… (4)remember to do... 记得去做…… remember doing... 记得做过…… (5)forget to do... 忘记去做…… forget doing... 忘记做了…… The teacher regretted to tell Tom he didn't pass the exam, and Tom regretted not studying hard. 老师遗憾地告诉汤姆他没通过考试，汤姆后悔没有努力学习。 When they saw the teacher, they stopped talking. 当他们看见老师时，他们停止说话。 She found me in trouble and she stopped to help me. 她发现我有麻烦，于是停下来帮我。 3．动词allow、advise、forbid、permit后直接跟动名词形式作宾语；如果动词后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语，即“allow/advise/forbid/permit sb. to do sth.”。 My parents don't allow smoking in our house. 我父母不允许在家里抽烟。 My parents don't allow me to smoke in our house. 我父母不允许我在家里抽烟。 4．need、require、want表示“需要”时，后面接动名词,表示被动含义，相当于接不定式的被动形式(to be done)。有类似用法的还有deserve (值得、应该)。 The condition of this car is so serious. It really needs repairing/to be repaired before driving on the road again. 这辆车的状况是如此糟糕，它再次上路前确实需要维修一下。 【考点再现】 (1)(2020·天津卷7月) Making a full­-length clay(黏土) figure would not exhaust my strength—and that is what I intend ___________ (do)! (2)(2019·北京卷)Success means ___________ (get) personal desires satisfied. (3)His T-­shirt requires _______________________(wash)． (4)(2020·天津卷7月)He convinced the police department to allow him ___________(set) up a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks. 答案：(1) to do (2) getting (3) washing / to be washed (4) to set 考点三 不定式，动名词和分词作表语 一、动词不定式作表语 1．不定式作表语时表示预测将要发生的动作，或表示未来的可能性或假设。 You must speak out, if we are to remain friends. 如果我们还想继续做朋友的话,你就必须痛痛快快地把话都说出来。 2．当主语是aim、 purpose、 idea、 plan、 wish、 decision、 choice等词时，常用不定式作表语。 His wish is to be a doctor in the future. 他的愿望是将来当一名医生。 3．主语为what引导的名词性从句,表示将来特定的某一次动作时，常用不定式作表语。 What she would suggest is to put off the meeting. 她建议把会议推迟。 温馨提示： 不定式作表语时，如果前面有实义动词do的形式，作表语的不定式常省略to。 What I want to do most in senior high is (to) improve my English. 我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。 【考点再现】 完成句子 (1) 我从小就有很多梦想。现在我的梦想是开一家咖啡馆。 I've had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is _____________． (1) 教育的目的是培养儿童完美的品格。 The purpose of education is ______________________________ in children. (3)他想做的是在玛丽面临困难时帮助她。 What he wants to do ________________________ when she is in face of difficulty. 答案: (1) to open a cafe (2) to develop a fine personality (3) is (to) help Mary out 二、动名词作表语 动名词作表语强调的是一般性、抽象性的、经常发生的动作。动词不定式作表语强调的是一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作。 His job is painting walls. 他的工作是粉刷墙壁。(这是他日常的工作) 温馨提示: 作表语的动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，即主语与表语可互换位置。如果句中的主语和表语同为动词时，要注意保持两个动词在形式上的一致。 Seeing is believing. ＝To see is to believe.　眼见为实。 三、分词作表语 1．现在分词作表语 现在分词作表语往往具有形容词的性质,说明主语的性质、特征等。作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有moving、 interesting、 encouraging、 exciting、 inspiring、 boring、 surprising、 puzzling、 amusing、 astonishing。这类分词有“令人……的”的含义，常修饰物。 The argument is very convincing. 这个论点很令人信服。 His performance is very entertaining, which brings us much pleasure. 他的表演非常有趣，给我们带来很多的乐趣。 2．过去分词作表语 (1)过去分词可放在连系动词be、 get、 feel、 remain、 seem、 look、 become等之后作表语，表示主语所处的状态。 Tom was astonished to see a snake moving across the floor. 汤姆很惊讶地看到一条蛇正爬过地板。 Finally the baby felt tired of playing with those toys. 最后婴儿厌倦了玩那些玩具。 (3) 过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别 过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态；而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。 The library is now closed. (状态) 图书馆现在关闭了。 The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. (动作) 昨天我妹妹把杯子打碎了。 (3)感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别 过去分词作表语多表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等，常译作“感到……的”；现在分词多表示事物具有的特性，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物，常译作“令人……的”。 We were amazed at what he said at the meeting. 我们对他在会上讲的话很惊讶。 His words were discouraging, which made many people discouraged. 　 他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。 温馨提示; exciting 令人激动的 excited 激动的、兴奋的 astonishing 令人惊讶的 astonished 惊讶的 disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed 感动失望的 frightening 令人害怕的 frightened 感动害怕的 moving 令人感动的 moved 受感动的 puzzling 令人困惑的 puzzled 感到困惑的 一、单项选择 1．I regret________ you that you have failed the test and suggest you ________ better preparations next time. A．informing; making B．to inform; to make C．to inform; making D．informing; to make 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我很遗憾地通知你，你考试没有通过，并且建议你下次做更好的准备。第一个空，regret to do sth.是固定短语，表示“遗憾地做某事”；第二个空，suggest sb. doing sth.是固定短语，表示“建议某人做某事”。故选C。 2．It’s no use ________ about the result. What you should do is to take action. A．complain B．complaining C．to complain D．Complained 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：抱怨结果是没有用的。你应该做的是采取行动。固定句型It’s no use doing sth.意为“做某事没有用”，空处应用complain“抱怨”的动名词形式，作真正的主语，it是形式主语‌‌。故选B。 3．____ such a complex problem requires not only professional knowledge but also a great deal of patience. A．Solve B．Solved C．To solve D．Solving 【答案】D 【详解】考查动名词。句意：解决这样一个复杂的问题不仅需要专业知识，而且需要极大的耐心。动名词作主语表示抽象的、一般性的行为，“Solving”(解决)强调解决复杂问题这个行为本身需要知识和耐心。“Solve”是动词原形不能作主语；“Solved”是过去式或过去分词，不能作主语；“To solve”更侧重于具体的某一次解决问题的动作，而此处没有这种具体指向，更强调解决这类问题的共性。故选D项。 4．______ to a foreign culture is beneficial for us to comprehend the local culture. A．Exposed B．Being exposed C．Exposing D．To expose 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：接触外国文化对于我们理解当地文化是有好处的。短语be exposed to表示“暴露于，接触”，作句子主语时应用动名词形式。故选B。 5．In addition to ______ money aside for university, it also means investing in yourself. A．put B．putting C．being put D．have put 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：除了为大学存钱，这也意味着投资自己。此处to为介词，后面应该用动名词形式作宾语，put aside“存储，把……放在一边”。故选B项。 6．It remains ________ whether the new traffic regulations will adapt to the actual situation after they are issued. A．to see B．seeing C．being seen D．to be seen 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：新的交通规则发布后是否能适应实际情况还有待观察。It remains to do...是固定句型，意为“……有待……”；动词see与其逻辑主语It(即真正的主语whether the new traffic regulations will adapt to the actual situation)之间是被动关系，用不定式的被动式to be seen作表语。故选D项。 7．______ too much TV does harm to our eyes. A．Watching B．To have watched C．Watched D．To be watching 【答案】A 【详解】考查动名词。句意：看太多电视对我们眼睛有伤害。此处作主语，应用动名词，故应用watching作主语，故选A。 8．Wu Guanzhong’s goal as an artist is________ western principles of art with Chinese spirit. A．combining B．combined C．to combine D．Combine 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：吴冠中作为艺术家的目标是把西方艺术原则和中国精神结合起来。A. combining动名词或现在分词；B. combined过去分词；C. to combine动词不定式；D. combine动词原形。“Wu Guanzhong’s goal as an artist”是句子的主语，“is”是谓语动词，“_____ western principles of art with Chinese spirit”是表语，说明主语“Wu Guanzhong’s goal”的内容。因为“goal”是“目标”的意思，通常与不定式连用，表示“目标是做某事”。故选C。 9．Jamie decided to join the basketball team because he enjoyed ________ himself as well as meeting new friends. A．challenged B．challenging C．to challenge D．Challenge 【答案】B 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：杰米决定加入篮球队，因为他喜欢挑战自己，也喜欢结识新朋友。句中涉及固定短语“enjoy doing sth.”，意为“喜欢做某事”，故空格处应用动名词“challenging”作宾语。故选B项。 10．________ children to respect others is believed to be the responsibility of parents. A．Educating B．To educate C．Educated D．Educate 【答案】A 【详解】考查动名词。句意：教育孩子尊重他人被认为是父母的责任。A.Educating教育；B.To educate教育；C. Educated教育；D. Educate教育。根据句子结构可知本句缺少主语，表示一般性的概念，应用动名词形式作主语，故选A项。 11．The novel I bought yesterday_________. A．is worth reading B．is worth being read C．is worthy of reading D．was worth being read 【答案】A 【详解】考查主动表被动。句意：我昨天买的小说值得阅读。此处意为“某事值得被做”，表达为sth. be worth doing，应用动名词doing作宾语，为主动形式表被动意义，故“值得阅读”表达为is worth reading，故选A。 12．As a child, my only life goal was ______ a famous dancer. A．to become B．becoming C．to have become D．Becomes 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：小时候，我唯一的人生目标就是成为一名著名的舞蹈家。此处作表语，应用不定式，说明主语的内容，有将来含义。故选A。 13．Her lack of preparation resulted in ______ during the presentation. A．fail B．having failed C．failed D．Failing 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她准备不足导致了演讲失败。作介词的宾语，应用动名词形式。故选D。 14．During the meeting, please remain ______ until the speaker has finished. A．seated B．seating C．to seat D．Seat 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在会议期间，请保持坐着直到发言人结束。空处作表语，seat sb为固定用法，表示“让某人就座”，此处为sb be seated，需用过去分词作表语。故选A。 15．______ music requires creativity and skill, which is not just about following rules. A．To compose B．Composing C．Composed D．Compose 【答案】B 【详解】考查动名词。句意：作曲需要创造力和技巧，这不仅仅是遵循规则。空处用动名词作主语，表经常性的动作。故选B项。 16．________ the task on time made him unhappy. A．Don’t finish B．Not finishing C．Finishing not D．No finish 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：没有按时完成任务使他很不高兴。空处和空后的the task on time搭配，作句子的主语，是非谓语，结合“unhappy”可知，此处指“没有按时完成任务”，应用动名词否定式，为not doing的形式。故选B。 17．The company decided to quit ________ plastic packaging in order to reduce their environmental impact. A．use B．using C．to using D．to use 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了减少对环境的影响，该公司决定停止使用塑料包装。quit后用动名词作宾语，quit doing意为“停止做某事”。故选B项。 18．Helen spent a lot of time ______ to solve the math problem but she still had trouble ______ it out. A．trying; to work B．trying; working C．to try; to work D．to try; working 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Helen花了很多时间试图解这道数学题，但她还是解不出来。spend...(in) doing sth“花费……做某事”，故第一空使用动名词作宾语；have trouble doing sth“做某事有困难”，第二空也使用动名词作宾语。故选B。 19．Tom tends ______ very well in a match and that may allow us ______ the match to be held tomorrow. A．to perform; to win B．to perform; winning C．performing; to win D．performing; winning 【答案】A 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：汤姆在比赛中往往表现得很好，这可能会让我们赢得明天举行的比赛。分析句子可知，空格一处涉及固定短语“tend to do sth.”，意为“倾向于做某事”，故空格一应填“to perform”；空格二处涉及固定短语“allow sb. to do sth.”，意为“允许某人做某事”，故空格二应填“to win”。故选A项。 20．What's more, ________ others sincerely and kindly makes a big difference to our life and study. A．to be treated B．treating C．treat D．Treated 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，真诚且友好地对待他人对我们的生活和学习产生重大影响。句子主语是动名词短语______ others sincerely and kindly 因此空格处也应用动名词形式。故选B项。 21．When Liu Wei had to stop ________ due to health problems, he decided ________ how to play the piano with his toes. A．to swim; to learn B．to swim; learning C．swimming; to learn D．swimming; learning 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当刘伟因为健康问题不得不停止游泳时，他决定学习如何用脚趾弹钢琴。根据句意及“due to health problems”可知，第一空应用短语stop doing sth.表示“停止正在做的事情”；根据第二空前“decided”可知，第二空应用短语decide to do sth.表示“决定做某事”，即第一空应填swimming，第二空应填to learn。故选C。 22．When you read books in a library, you must obey the rules there to avoid ______ to leave. A．asking B．being asked C．asked D．having asked 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当你在图书馆看书时，你必须遵守那里的规则，避免被要求离开。此处为avoid doing sth.，设空处填动名词作avoid宾语，且主语you与ask构成逻辑上的被动关系，用动名词被动形式being asked。故选B。 23．Frank and his friends had great fun ______ volleyball on the beach yesterday. A．play B．playing C．to play D．Played 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：弗兰克和他的朋友们昨天在沙滩上打排球玩得很开心。A.play玩耍；B.playing玩耍；C.to play玩耍；D.played玩耍。设空处在句中作谓语，固定短语have fun doing sth玩得开心。设空处应为动名词的形式作宾语。故选B。 24．My father is considering ________ a computer, which is of great help in our work and study. A．to buy B．buying C．bought D．having bought 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我父亲正在考虑买一台电脑，这对我们的工作和学习有很大的帮助。此处是固定搭配：consider doing sth.意为“考虑做某事”。故选B项。 25．My computer needs ________ but I forgot ________ it to the repair shop. A．to repair; taking B．to repair; to take C．repairing; to take D．repairing; taking 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我的电脑需要修理，但我忘了把它送到修理店去。固定搭配need doing= need to be done“需要做某事”，由此排除A/B选项；forget doing sth.“忘记曾经做过某事”；forget to do sth.“忘记去做某事”，第二空表示“忘了把它送到修理店去”，应用动词不定式。故选C。 26．His heart sank the moment he read the message—We regret ________ you that you haven’t been selected for our school soccer team. A．to inform B．informing C．having informed D．to have informed 【答案】A 【详解】考查不定式。句意：他读到这封信的那一刻，心一沉。——我们很遗憾地通知你，你没有入选我们学校的足球队。由“you haven’t been selected for our school soccer team”可知，此处表示“我们很遗憾地通知你”，regret to do是固定短语，意为“遗憾要去做某事”，regret doing意为“后悔做了某事”，因此空格处是不定式to inform，故选A。 27．It’s difficult to imagine his________the decision without any consideration. A．to accept B．accept C．accepting D．Accepted 【答案】C 【详解】考查动名词。句意：很难想象他未经考虑就接受了这个决定。imagine one’s doing sth. “想象某人做某事”为动名词的复合结构。故选C。 28．His unique talent in music helped him get ______ as a rising star. A．recognized B．to recognize C．recognizing D．Recognize 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他在音乐方面的独特才能帮助他获得了作为新星的认可。A. recognized认可（过去分词）；B. to recognize认可（不定式）C. recognizing认可（现在分词）；D. recognize认可。his unique talent与recognize之间为被动关系，因此用过去分词recognized作表语。故选A。 29．There is too much work at hand, so we have to postpone __________ the movie until next week. A．watching B．watched C．to watch D．Watch 【答案】A 【详解】考查动名词。句意：手头的工作太多了，所以我们不得不把看电影推迟到下周。postpone doing sth.是固定短语，意为“推迟做某事”，因此空格处用动名词作宾语，故选A。 30．Her job is ________ patients in the hospital; but this weekend her task is  ________her granny. A．nursing; looking after B．nursing; to look after C．to nurse; looking after D．to nurse; to look after 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她的工作是在医院里护理病人；但是这个周末她的任务是照顾她的奶奶。第一空，表示经常发生的一般性行为，应用动名词作表语；第二空根据上文this weekend可知，表示具体的，还未发生的动作，应用不定式作表语。故选B。 1． (detect) subtle differences in data is a key component in the advancement of scientific research and technology. 【答案】Detecting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：发现数据中的细微差异是科学研究和技术进步的关键组成部分。设空处作句子的主语，应使用detect“发现”的动名词形式，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Detecting。 2. It is really hard for the public (convince) of the necessity and immediacy of social reforms. 【答案】to be convinced 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：让公众信服社会改革的必要性和紧迫性确实很难。句子是It is adj for sb to do的结构，含义为“对某人来说做某事是怎样的”，空处用动词convince的不定式形式作真主语。convince为及物动词，使信服。“the public”和动词“convince”构成被动关系，应用不定式的被动语态，表示“使公众信服”。故填to be convinced。 3. Yuan Longping, the father of hybrid rice, was committed to (remove) hunger across the world. 【答案】removing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：袁隆平，杂交水稻之父，致力于消除全世界的饥饿。be committed to中to是介词，其后接动名词形式。根据句意，故填removing。 4. The scientist strongly opposes (advocate) for the relaxation of environmental regulations. 【答案】advocating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位科学家强烈反对提倡放松环境法规。oppose doing sth.反对做某事。根据句意，故填advocating。 5. He set about (help) homeless women and children to place of safety. 【答案】helping 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：他开始帮助无家可归的妇女和儿童到安全的地方。动词短语set about后面通常接动名词形式，表示“开始做某事”，help的动名词形式为helping。故填helping。 6. The team failed (win) the first place. 【答案】to win 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该队未能获得第一名。固定搭配fail to do sth.“未能做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故填to win。 7. Teenagers who have more fat and sugar in their diet are more likely (put) on weight. 【答案】to put 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：饮食中含有更多脂肪和糖的青少年更容易发胖。固定表达be likely to do意为“可能做某事”，空处应用put的不定式形式。故填to put。 8. It took him a long time (acquire) the skills that he needed for his job. 【答案】to acquire 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：他花了很长时间才掌握工作所需的技能。此处为“it作形式主语，不定式短语作真正主语”结构，所以此处使用动词不定式形式。故填to acquire。 9. A foreign exchange program is well worth (try), as it opens up new opportunities for personal growth. 【答案】trying 【详解】考查动名词。句意：海外交流项目非常值得一试，因为它为个人成长提供了新的机会。此处为非谓语动词作宾语，根据be well worth doing意为“很值得做某事”可知，此处应为动名词形式作宾语。故填trying。 10. Nowadays, many people struggle (keep) the balance between work and family. 【答案】to keep 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，许多人努力保持工作和家庭之间的平衡。struggle to do something 意为“努力去做某事”，所给词keep需用不定式形式作宾语。故填to keep。 11. The expert was so addicted to (do) the project that he didn’t notice me come in. 【答案】doing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：专家如此沉迷于做这个项目，以至于没有注意到我进来。固定搭配be addicted to“沉迷于”，to为介词，后面接动名词作宾语。故填doing。 12. When we are on vacation, (rent) a bike is a great way to explore a new city. 【答案】renting 【详解】考查动名词。句意：当我们在度假时，租一辆自行车是探索一个新城市的好方法。此处为非谓语动词作主语，结合句意可知，此处表示一般性的动作，所以使用动名词形式作主语，且表示主动意义。故填renting。 13. I still remember (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time. 【答案】visiting 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我还记得去拜访了一位在这里住了五年的朋友，当我得知她在那段时间里一次也没做饭时，我感到震惊。根据句意可知，应用短语“remember doing sth.”表示“记得做过某事”，表示拜访这个动作已发生过，因此“visit”用动名词形式“visiting”。故填visiting。 14. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) early by running. 【答案】dying 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你可能会喝酒、抽烟、超重，但仍然可以通过跑步来降低早逝的风险。空处应填动名词形式作介词of的宾语，故填dying。 15. It’s a waste of time (try) to persuade him to have a holiday because he is facing a challenge. 【答案】trying 【详解】考查动名词。句意：劝他休假是浪费时间的，因为他正面临着挑战。It’s a waste of time doing sth.是固定句型，意为“做某事是浪费时间的”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是动名词，因此空格处是trying。故填trying。 16. The newcomer’s (fail) to work out the technical problem didn’t make her lose heart. 【答案】failure/failing 【详解】考查名词或动名词。句意：新来者未能解决技术问题并没有让她灰心。分析句子结构可知，此处是名词所有格newcomer’s修饰的名词位置，因此需要用名词failure作主语。也可以是“名词’s+doing”动名词复合结构作主语，用动名词failing。故填failure/failing。 17. The film star wears sunglasses, hoping that he can go shopping without (recognise). 【答案】being recognised 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位电影明星戴着墨镜，希望自己去购物时不会被人认出来。without为介词，空处用动名词作宾语，此处表示“被认出”用动名词的被动语态。故填being recognised。 18. In March, Jacky Cheung had no option but (postpone) his Shanghai concert due to his illness. 【答案】to postpone 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：今年3月，张学友因病不得不推迟上海演唱会。have no option but to do sth.是一个固定结构，意思是 “除了……别无选择”。故填 to postpone。 19. He pretended not (know) me when we met on the street, which really upset me. 【答案】to know 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我们在街上相遇时，他假装不认识我，这让我很生气。pretend to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“假装做某事”，其否定形式为pretend not to do sth.，意为“假装不做某事”，用不定式短语to know作宾语。故填to know。 20. We highly recommend (sign) up for this course because it is perfect for you. 【答案】signing 【详解】考查动名词。句意：我们强烈建议你报名参加这门课程，因为它非常适合你。recommend doing sth.是固定短语，意为“建议做某事”，因此空格处用动名词signing。故填signing。 21. Only with the greatest of luck did she manage (escape) from the rising floodwater. 【答案】to escape 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：她非常幸运地从上涨的洪水中逃脱了。句中涉及固定短语“manage to do sth.”，意为“设法成功做某事”，故空格处应用“to escape”。故填to escape。 22. They always look for excuses to postpone (do) something. 【答案】doing 【详解】考查动名词。句意：他们总是找借口推迟做事。此处“推迟做某事”表达为postpone doing sth.，所以使用动名词作宾语。故填doing。 23. I tried to quit (smoke) several times before I realised I was addicted. 【答案】smoking 【详解】考查动名词。句意：我试过几次戒烟才意识到自己上瘾了。此处为非谓语动词作宾语，根据quit doing意为“放弃做某事”，所以此处使用动名词形式，quit smoking意为“戒烟”。故填smoking。 24. The moment I got home, I got down to (pack) the suitcase. 【答案】packing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我一到家，就开始收拾行李。get down to doing为固定短语，意为“开始认真做某事”，本空用pack“收拾（行李）”的动名词，作宾语。故填packing。 25. Most people who want to lose weight by going on a diet will end up (put) weight back on. 【答案】putting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：大多数想通过节食来减肥的人最终都会反弹。end up doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“结束做某事”，空处需填动名词作宾语。故填putting。 26. We did everything to stop the enemy from (seize) the city and finally we succeeded. 【答案】seizing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们竭尽全力阻止敌人夺取这座城市，最终我们成功了。动名词seizing作介词的宾语。故填seizing。 27. While shopping, ladies sometimes can’t help (persuade) into buying more clothes than necessary. 【答案】being persuaded 【详解】考查动名词的被动。句意：在购物时，女性有时会情不自禁被说服买比实际需要更多的衣服。此处为“情不自禁做某事”，表达为can't help doing...，故此处应用动名词作宾语，且ladies与persuade之间为被动关系，故应用动名词的被动，故填being persuaded。 28. She began (write) short stories in senior high school. 【答案】writing/to write 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她从高中开始写短篇小说。begin后可以接动词不定式或动名词。故填writing/to write。 29. The twins were so much alike that I have difficulty (distinguish) one from the other. 【答案】distinguishing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这对双胞胎长得太像了，我很难区分谁是谁。短语have difficulty (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”，空处应用distinguish“区分”的动名词形式，作宾语，短语distinguish A from B意为“区分A和B”。故填distinguishing。 30．I began by (jog) in the park and worked up to running five miles a day. 【答案】jogging 【详解】考查动名词。句意：我一开始在公园慢跑，后来慢慢可以一天跑五英里了。分析句子可知，设空处应填动名词作介词by的宾语，再结合所给词jog，则应是jogging。故填jogging。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$