专题07 动词的时态和语态及主谓一致（课件）-【上好课】2025年高考英语二轮复习讲练测（新高考通用）

2025高考复习 07 动词的时态和语态 及主谓一致 2025年高考二轮复习讲练测 专 题 目录 CONTENTS 01 考情透视·目标导航 02 知识导图·思维引航 03 考点突破·考向探究 04 拓展提升·新题精练 六大考向，真题研析+核心精讲+命题预测 紧扣新风向，设题新语境，聚焦重难点 01 考情透视·目标导航 考点 目标要求 考题统计及展示 考查一般现在时态和语态及主谓一致 熟练掌握一般现在时的用法，及与之相关的语态及主谓一致 60.walks 一般现在时 及主谓一致 means 一般现在时及 主谓一致 is designed一般现在时的 被动语态及主谓一致 is considered一般现在时的 被动语态及主谓一致 熟练掌握 2024·新高考I卷 2023·全国乙卷 2022•新高考I卷 2021年浙江卷1月 考情透视·目标导航 4 考点 目标要求 考题统计及展示 考查一般过去时态、语态及主谓一致 熟练掌握一般过去时的用法，及与之相关的语态及主谓一致 熟练掌握 2024•新高考Ⅱ卷 2024•新高考Ⅱ卷 2024•全国甲卷 2023•1月浙江卷 38.were一般过去时及主谓一致 41.was built一般过去时的被动语态及主谓一致 44.were一般过去时及主谓一致 were permitted一般过去时的被动语态及主谓一致 were一般过去时及主谓一致 wished一般过去时及主谓一致 featured一般过去时及主谓一致 threw一般过去时及主谓一致 2022•新高考I卷 2023•新高考II卷 2023•1月浙江卷 2022•新高考Ⅱ卷 考情透视·目标导航 5 考点 目标要求 考题统计及展示 考查现在完成时态和语态及主谓一致 熟练掌握现在完成时的用法，及与之相关的语态及主谓一致 熟练掌握 2024年1月浙江卷 2022•全国甲卷 2022年浙江卷1月 62.have started现在完成时及主谓一致 has walked现在完成时及主谓一致 have promised现在完成时及主谓一致 考情透视·目标导航 6 从近三年高考试题来看，试题以语法填空的形式命题，题目中等，以考查学生对有关时态、语态及主谓一致的掌握情况，强化语言运用能力和语境理解。动词的时态和语态是高考必考点。 预计在2025年高考中，以语法填空的形式命题。 考情透视·目标导航 7 02 知识导图·思维引航 知识导图·思维引航 9 03 考点突破·考向探究 考点一 考查一般现在时态和语态 及主谓一致 【典例】(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. walks 考查时态和主谓一致 walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 考点突破·考法探究 12 一般现在时 一般现在时常用来表示习惯性、经常性发生的动作或存在的状态。 1．谓语动词的构成：do/does 2．基本用法 (1)表示经常性的动作。 常与usually，always，often，sometimes，never，every day等表示频度的时间状语连用。 On Monday morning it usually takes me an hour to drive to work.星期一早晨，我通常花费一小时开车去上班。 (2)表示客观真理、格言或者警句等。 表示客观真理时，即使主句是一般过去时，宾语从句还要用一般现在时。 As we all know, the earth travels around the sun.众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。 考点突破·考法探究 13 一般现在时 (3)表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排要发生的动作。 谓语动词是come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, live, fly等，可以用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作。 My dream school starts at 8：30 am and ends at 3：30 pm. 我理想的学校上午8：30上课，下午3：30放学。 (4)在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 If you come this afternoon, we'll have a meeting. 考点突破·考法探究 14 考点二 考查一般过去时态、语态 及主谓一致 【典例】(2024•新高考Ⅱ卷)“Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___38___ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet.” were 考查时态和主谓一致 ”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。 考点突破·考法探究 16 一般过去时 1．谓语动词的构成：did 2．基本用法 (1)表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示具体的过去时间状语连用，如yesterday, last month, just now, the other day, three days ago, in 1989等。 The other day I came across an old friend on the top of Mount Tai. 前几天，我在泰山顶上偶然遇到了一位老朋友。 考点突破·考法探究 17 一般过去时 (2)在时间、条件等状语从句中，常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。 He said he would tell her about the news as soon as he met her.他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。 (3)表达“原以为/本来认为/原希望”等意义时，know，think，expect等动词常用一般过去时。 Much to my disappointment，the film is not as moving as I expected. 使我非常失望的是，这部电影不像我原来预料的一样感人。 考点突破·考法探究 18 常见句型 ①It is time that sb. should do/did sth.该到……的时候了 ②It is/has been＋一段时间＋since...did sth.自从做某事已经一段时间了 ③would/had rather sb. did sth.宁愿某人做某事 It is time that we took action to protect our environment.该到我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。 As far as I know，it is/has been three years since he joined the army.据我所知，他参军三年了。 考点突破·考法探究 19 考点三 考查现在完成时态和语态 及主谓一致 【典例】(2024年1月浙江高考)If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets 62 (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). have started 考查现在完成时 根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。 根据“标志性时间状语”快速解决时态问题 试题中有since，so far，up to now，in the last/past few years等与现在相关的时间标志，要想到用现在完成时。 试题中的over the past 20 years, since it opened to the public，since the effort started two years ago，In the last five years就是标志性的与现在相关的时间状语 考点突破·考法探究 21 现在完成时 1．谓语动词的构成：have/has done 2．基本用法 (1)表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常用的时间状语：already，so far，never，just，before，recently，for a long time，in the past/last few years等。 Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years. (2)表示过去已经开始，一直持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态，常与“since＋时间点”或“for＋时间段”等表示一段时间的状语连用。 He moved here in 2019 and he has lived here ever since. 3．现在完成时还可以用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时完成的动作。 Please return the book to me when you have finished it. 考点突破·考法探究 22 固定句型 ①It is/has been＋时间段＋since...表示“自从……以来已经……”。 It is/has been ten years since I graduated from the university. 我大学毕业已十年了。 ②This/It/That is the first/second/third...time that...表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”，that从句中要用现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city.这是我第一次游览这座城市。 ③This is＋the＋形容词最高级＋名词＋that...结构，that从句要用现在完成时。 This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。 考点突破·考法探究 23 易错提醒 注意避免思维定式：一看到for＋时间段，就用动词的现在完成时态。一定要看语境强调是“该动作曾经做过多长时间”(一般过去时)，还是“该动作已经做完多长时间”(现在完成时)。 Yang Zhenning lived in America for many years and now he lives in China.杨振宁在美国定居多年，现在他生活在中国。 Dashan has lived in China for many years.大山在中国住了许多年。 考点突破·考法探究 24 过去完成时 1．谓语动词的构成：had＋done 2．基本用法 (1)表示到过去某一时间之前动作已经完成即“过去的过去”，常见的时间状语有by...，until...，when...，before...等。 When he was in Beijing, he visited places where he had played as a child. 他在北京的时候游览了他儿时曾玩过的地方。 By the time Jack returned home from England, his son had already graduated from college. 杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。 (2)表示一个过去的动作先于另一过去的动作发生，这种情况多见于宾语从句。 He remembered that he had left the key at home.他记得他把钥匙落家了。 考点突破·考法探究 25 常用句型 ①It was the first/second...time that... 这是第一/第二……次…… It was the third time that the boy had been late. 这是那个男孩第三次迟到了。 ②had hardly...when刚……就……；had no sooner...than一……就…… 如： I had hardly opened the door when he hit me.我刚打开门，他就打了我。 He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。 考点突破·考法探究 26 易错提醒 表示意向的动词，如hope，wish，expect，think，intend，mean，suppose 等，用过去完成时表示“原本……(事实上未能……)”。 We had expected that you would be able to win the match.我们原来预料你们能够赢比赛。 考点突破·考法探究 27 现在完成进行时 1．谓语动词的构成：have/has been＋doing 2．基本用法 (1)常用来表示开始于过去某个时间，一直持续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。 For days the kids have been looking for others we can help. (2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。 I have been calling him many times this morning，but there's no answer. 考点突破·考法探究 28 易错提醒 (1)有少数几个双音节形容词，既可以加­er和­est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词有：common, handsome, quiet, pleasant, cruel, stupid, friendly等。 (2)有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：right (正确的), wrong (错误的), excellent (优秀的), possible (可能的), empty (空的), first (第一的), wooden (木制的), final (最后的), east (东方的), last (最后的), favourite (最喜欢的)等。 (3)不规则变化 考点突破·考法探究 29 考点四 考查现在进行时、 过去进行时与将来进行时 【典例】（2023·天津·高考真题）Some restaurants are happy to provide a free cake if you let them know in advance that you ________a group for a birthday party. A．will be bringing B．have brought C．have been bringing D．were bringing 考查时态 根据“in advance”可知，此处表示将来的动作，所以应用将来进行时。故选A。 A 将来进行时 1．谓语动词的构成：will be doing 2．表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作，或按预测将来会发生的事情。 This time next week I'll be lying on the beach，enjoying the sunshine. 下星期这个时候，我正躺在海滩上，享受着阳光。 考点突破·考法探究 31 现在进行时 1．谓语动词的构成：am/is/are＋doing 2．基本用法 (1)表示此刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态，常与时间状语now，at the moment，at present等连用。 He is watching a football match on TV at home now. (2)一些特定的表示动作趋向性的短暂性动词come, go, leave, get, start, open, arrive, begin, return等常用现在进行时表将来。 I am leaving for Shanghai to attend an important international meeting. (3)现在进行时态与频率副词always，constantly连用表达某种感情色彩，如不满、厌恶、赞赏等。 You are always forgetting the important thing. 考点突破·考法探究 32 过去进行时 1．谓语动词的构成：was/were＋doing 2．基本用法 (1)过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作或者存在的状态。 He was playing basketball with his friends on the playground at 3：00 pm yesterday. (2)表示过去一个动作发生时另外一个动作正在进行。 She was watching TV when a burglar broke into her house. (3)表示过去按计划、安排将要发生的动作，此用法常见动词有go，begin，leave，arrive，come，return等。 I was coming to visit you later that day，but I had to phone and cancel. 考点突破·考法探究 33 将来进行时 1．谓语动词的构成：will be doing 2．基本用法 表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作，或按预测将来会发生的事情。 This time next week I'll be lying on the beach，enjoying the sunshine. 下星期这个时候，我正躺在海滩上，享受着阳光。 考点突破·考法探究 34 考点五 考查一般将来时 和过去将来时 【典例】（2025·黑龙江省实验中学高三月考）The girl, as well as her parents, (be) going to visit China next week. 考查时态和主谓一致 当主语后面跟有 as well as 连接的名词时，谓语动词的形式要和主语保持一致。本句的主语是 The girl，为第三人称单数，根据 next week可知用一般将来时，be going to结构中，be动词用 is。 is 表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态常用以下四种结构 (1)will/shall＋动词原形 (2)be going to＋动词原形 (3)be to＋动词原形 (4)be about to do sth. 考点突破·考法探究 36 一般将来时 1．表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态常用以下四种结构 (1)will/shall＋动词原形 (2)be going to＋动词原形 (3)be to＋动词原形 (4)be about to do sth. 考点突破·考法探究 37 一般将来时 2．基本用法 (1)一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，即单纯的将来事实。 He will graduate from Beijing University next year.明年，他将毕业于北京大学。 (2)be going to do sth.表示计划、打算要做某事或者有预兆要发生某事。 Look at the cloud. It is going to rain.瞧那乌云，天要下雨了。 (3)be to do sth.表示按计划或安排即将要做某事，或者按照职责、义务、规定等要做某事。 We are to obey these rules when we go into the library. 当我们进了图书馆，就要遵守这些规章制度。 (4)be about to do sth.表示即将要发生某事。该结构通常不与具体的时间状语连用。The train is about to leave.火车即将开出。 考点突破·考法探究 38 过去将来时 1．谓语动词的构成：would do sth was/were going to do sth 2．基本用法 过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。即过去将来时是“立足过去，着眼未来”的一种时态，常用于宾语从句中。 The shop would soon close，and all the people would go home. 这个商店不久将关闭，所有的人将回家。 考点突破·考法探究 39 考点六 被动语态和 主谓一致高频总结 【典例】（2025·吉林省东北师范大学附属中学高三摸底）Ho Feng- Shan decided to give visas to whoever applied. Consequently, he issued thousands of Shanghai visas until he ______________( transfer) back to China in 1940. 考查宾语从句、时态和语态 第一空为宾语从句，作介词 to的宾语，在这个宾语从句中，从句缺少主语，表示“无论谁”，用连接代词whoever； 第二空根据时间状语 in 1940可知，这里要用一般过去时，句子的主语 he和 transfer之间是被动关系，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态。故填whoever; was transferred。 was transferred 考点突破·考法探究 41 被动语态的高频考点 （1）不能用被动语态的特殊动词 ①系动词类(look，seem，feel，taste，sound，prove，appear等)。 ②表示主语特征的词(read，wash，write，sell，wear，lock等)，常与not，hardly，well，easily，badly，nicely等副词连用。 This kind of cloth washes easily. 这种布料容易洗。 （2）get构成的表示被动的短语 此类短语主要有get paid/lost/hurt等。 We get paid every week.我们按周获得薪酬。 考点突破·考法探究 42 被动语态的高频考点 （3）主动形式表示被动意义 ①在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词；worth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 The house needs repairing/to be repaired.这房子需要修理。 ②在某些“主语(人/物)＋be＋形容词＋不定式”中不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。 The problem is difficult to work out.这道题很难计算出。 考点突破·考法探究 43 主谓一致的 “三原则” (1)“语法一致”原则 1．可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 2．在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与先行词的数保持一致。 3．单个的动词-ing形式、名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。但what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数。 4．主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, but, except, along with, rather than等连接另一主语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 考点突破·考法探究 44 主谓一致的 “三原则” (2)“意义一致”原则 1．集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词则用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词则用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。 2．“分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数及其表示的意义；all, some, half, most, the rest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。“a number of＋名词”作主语，其谓语动词常用复数形式；“the number of＋名词”作主语，其谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。　 考点突破·考法探究 45 主谓一致的 “三原则” (3)“就近一致”原则 1．由either ...or ..., neither ...nor ..., not only ...but also ...等连接的并列主语或者在there be句型中，谓语动词常与最邻近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 2．在There be句型中，若有几个并列成分作主语，谓语动词的单复数形式由最邻近的主语决定。　 考点突破·考法探究 46 04 拓展提升·新题精练 动词的时态和语态及主谓一致考点的解题关键 (1)通过“标志性状语”解决时态问题 在题干中，yesterday, tomorrow, always, since, in the past few years, over the years, by＋时间， so far等都是动词时态常用的标志性状语，做题时可以通过寻找这些标志性状语来判定时态。　 (2)通过“并列谓语动词”解决时态问题 当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时，它们之间可能是同时发生，也可能有一定的先后关系，我们可以根据这种谓语动词的关系来判定时态。同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词的时态要一致。 考点突破·考法探究 48 动词的时态和语态及主谓一致考点的解题关键 (3)通过“语境暗示”解决时态问题 有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过“语境暗示”，正确分析语境也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。　 (4)通过“时态定义”解决时态问题 准确理解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。　 (5)通过“固定句式”解决时态问题 掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题的快速且行之有效的方法。 考点突破·考法探究 49 动词的时态和语态及主谓一致考点的解题关键 ①It's (high) time sb did sth表示“正是某人做某事的时候”，从句要用一般过去时。 ②It is/has been ... since ... 表示“自从……以来……”，since 之前用一般现在时或现在完成时，since后用一般过去时或接表示过去的时间状语。 ③sb was/were doing sth when sb did sth表示“正在做某事，这时突然……”。 ④“It/This/That is/was＋the＋形容词最高级＋n.＋定语从句”句型中，定语从句的时态用现在/过去完成时。 ⑤“It is/was the first time＋that从句”句型中，从句时态一般用现在/过去完成时。 考点突破·考法探究 50 动词的时态和语态及主谓一致考点的解题关键 ⑥hardly, scarcely, barely＋过去完成时＋when＋一般过去时，表示“一(刚)……就……”。 ⑦no sooner＋过去完成时＋than＋一般过去时，表示“一(刚)……就……”。 ⑧by (the end of)＋过去时间，句子谓语动词用过去完成时，表示“到过去某时为止，已经做了某事”。 ⑨by (the end of)＋将来时间，句子谓语动词用将来完成时，表示“到将来某时为止，已经做了某事”。 ⑩“祈使句＋and/or/otherwise＋陈述句”，陈述句用一般将来时。 考点突破·考法探究 51 （2025·福建省福州市第一次质量检测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The term Xuan paper first appeared in On Famous Paintings through the Ages, a book written by Tang Dynasty scholar Zhang Yanyuan, 1 he described Xuan paper as an ideal carrier for calligraphy and painting. Handmade Xuan paper from Jingxian county, East China’s Anhui province, 2 (list) as a gift to the imperial court then for its supreme quality, During the Tang and Song Dynasties Xuan paper reached its peak of 3 (popular) and quality. The traditional craft (工艺) of making Xuan paper is extremely 4 (demand). Sandalwood bark, a plant native to southern China, 5 (go) through108 procedures over the course of three years before it can transform into fine Xuan paper. The flow of ink determines the output of Chinese art, and Xuan paper outshines others with its excellent ability 6 (give) full play to ink. Different proportions (比例) of bar k to straw during the paper- making process can create different canvases (帆布) best suited 7 artistic expression u freehand ink paintings or calligraphy. The unique quality of Xuan paper is 8 (high) valued in the world of Chinese calligraphy and painting. Xuan paper is very resistant to damage brought by time. It is this durability 9 has made the preservation of many valuable works from ancient China possible. The long history, unique craftsmanship, and high quality of Xuan paper have made it a 10 (treasure) cultural heritage of China. where was listed popularity demanding goes to give for/to highly that treasured （标黄题号为本专题考点） 真题练习.命题洞见 52 （2025·福建省福州市第一次质量检测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The term Xuan paper first appeared in On Famous Paintings through the Ages, a book written by Tang Dynasty scholar Zhang Yanyuan, 1 he described Xuan paper as an ideal carrier for calligraphy and painting. Handmade Xuan paper from Jingxian county, East China’s Anhui province, 2 (list) as a gift to the imperial court then for its supreme quality, During the Tang and Song Dynasties Xuan paper reached its peak of 3 (popular) and quality. The traditional craft (工艺) of making Xuan paper is extremely 4 (demand). Sandalwood bark, a plant native to southern China, 5 (go) through108 procedures over the course of three years before it can transform into fine Xuan paper. The flow of ink determines the output of Chinese art, and Xuan paper outshines others with its excellent ability 6 (give) full play to ink. Different proportions (比例) of bar k to straw during the paper- making process can create different canvases (帆布) best suited 7 artistic expression u freehand ink paintings or calligraphy. The unique quality of Xuan paper is 8 (high) valued in the world of Chinese calligraphy and painting. Xuan paper is very resistant to damage brought by time. It is this durability 9 has made the preservation of many valuable works from ancient China possible. The long history, unique craftsmanship, and high quality of Xuan paper have made it a 10 (treasure) cultural heritage of China. 定语从句 时态语态和主谓一致 名词 形容词 时态和主谓一致 非谓语动词 介词 副词 强调句 非谓语动词 考点分析 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会 话题：中国传统的宣纸 真题练习.命题洞见 53 （2025·福建省福州市第一次质量检测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The term Xuan paper first appeared in On Famous Paintings through the Ages, a book written by Tang Dynasty scholar Zhang Yanyuan, 1 he described Xuan paper as an ideal carrier for calligraphy and painting. Handmade Xuan paper from Jingxian county, East China’s Anhui province, 2 (list) as a gift to the imperial court then for its supreme quality, During the Tang and Song Dynasties Xuan paper reached its peak of 3 (popular) and quality. The traditional craft (工艺) of making Xuan paper is extremely 4 (demand). Sandalwood bark, a plant native to southern China, 5 (go) through108 procedures over the course of three years before it can transform into fine Xuan paper. The flow of ink determines the output of Chinese art, and Xuan paper outshines others with its excellent ability 6 (give) full play to ink. Different proportions (比例) of bar k to straw during the paper- making process can create different canvases (帆布) best suited 7 artistic expression u freehand ink paintings or calligraphy. The unique quality of Xuan paper is 8 (high) valued in the world of Chinese calligraphy and painting. Xuan paper is very resistant to damage brought by time. It is this durability 9 has made the preservation of many valuable works from ancient China possible. The long history, unique craftsmanship, and high quality of Xuan paper have made it a 10 (treasure) cultural heritage of China. where was listed popularity demanding goes to give for/to highly that treasured “在书中”，是模糊地点，应用关系副词where引导 一般过去时的被动语态 一般现在时 ability to do“做某事的能力” (be) suited for/to表示“适合于” It + is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其它部分 过去分词作定语 真题练习.命题洞见 54 2025高考复习 2025年高考二轮复习讲练测 谢谢 聆听 $$