专题08 阅读理解之说明文12篇（江苏期末真题）-2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期末复习查缺补漏冲刺满分（译林版2020）

阅读理解之说明文12篇 (江苏期末真题) （23-24高一上·江苏南京·期末）Is there a friend of yours who always sings out of tune (曲调) but never realizes it? Don’t be so hard on them — they may have amusia — the inability to tell the difference in tunes. Apart from singing out of tune, people with amusia may also find it hard to recognize music they’ve heard before without the help of song lyrics. Besides, people who suffer from Amusia can have difficulty in recognizing melodies and a total inability to tell between different musical sounds, according to Live Science. However, people with amusia can recognize common environmental sounds as well as the high and lows sounds in human voices, meaning that this inability can be specially related to music. In many cases, people who have amusia are born with it, as 46 percent of these individuals’ family members were found to have similar conditions, according to a 2017 study. Brain imaging shows that their brains receive and respond to music pitch (音高) information, but it is not reaching conscious awareness, meaning that the mind can’t understand the information. Scientists at the University of Otago in New Zealand also think that amusia is related to people’s special processing skills. They invited people with amusia, musicians and students from non-musical backgrounds to perform a task related to spacial imagination. They were asked to decide whether pairs of images are the same object moving around or mirror images. The result showed that the amusia group made more mistakes than the other two groups. Amusia might be related to the way brain stores information about the high and low sounds in songs, according to the study. Although those who aren’t confident about their singing skills often say they’re “tune-deaf”, people with amusia only make up about 1.5 percent of the population, as shown in the 2017 study. “Like dyslexics (诵读困难者) can learn how to read, those with amusia should be able to better their ability to recognize tunes if they start early enough,” Isabelle Peretz, a professor of psychology from the University of Montreal in Canada, told Live Science. 1．According to the article, what is the main difficulty faced by people with amusia? A．Recognizing tunes. B．Identifying human voices. C．Understanding song lyrics. D．Noticing common sounds in nature. 2．What did the 2017 study tell us about amusia? A．Amusia is common among children. B．Amusia is a result of brain damage. C．Many individuals with amusia are born with it. D．Those who are tune-deaf often suffer from amusia. 3．What did the study by scientists at the University of Otago show? A．People with amusia have strong spa cial imagination skills. B．People with amusia struggle to decide the shape of images. C．Amusia may be affected by one’s level of music education. D．Amusia may be related to how the brain stores sound information. 4．How can people with amusia improve their musical ability, according to Peretz? A．Go for medical treatment. B．Sing frequently with friends. C．Learn how to read earlier in life. D．Start to explore and learn music early. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了患有失音症的人的症状，病因及其应对方式。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Don’t be so hard on them—they may have amusia—the inability to tell the difference in tunes. (不要对他们太苛刻——他们可能有失音症——无法分辨不同的曲调。)”及第二段中“Apart from singing out of tune, people with amusia may also find it hard to recognize music they’ve heard before without the help of song lyrics.( 除了唱歌走调之外，失音症患者可能还会发现，如果没有歌词的帮助，他们很难识别以前听过的音乐。)”等内容可知，失音症患者面临的主要困难是识别曲调。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In many cases, people who have amusia are born with it, as 46 percent of these individuals’ family members were found to have similar conditions, according to a 2017 study. (根据2017年的一项研究，在许多情况下，患有失音症的人天生就患有这种疾病，因为这些人的家庭成员中有46%被发现患有类似的疾病。)”可知，2017年的研究告诉了我们许多患有失音症的人是天生的。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Scientists at the University of Otago in New Zealand also think that amusia is related to people’s special processing skills. (新西兰奥塔哥大学的科学家们也认为，失音症与人们的特殊处理能力有关。)”和第五段“Amusia might be related to the way brain stores information about the high and low sounds in songs, according to the study. (根据这项研究，失音症可能与大脑储存歌曲中高低音信息的方式有关。)”可知，奥塔哥大学的科学家们的研究表明失音症可能与大脑储存声音信息的方式有关。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Isabelle Peretz所说“Like dyslexics(诵读困难者) can learn how to read, those with amusia should be able to better their ability to recognizes tunes if they start early enough. (就像诵读困难症患者可以学习如何阅读一样，失音症患者如果开始得足够早，应该能够提高他们识别曲调的能力。)”可知，Peretz认为，失音症患者应该尽早开始探索和学习音乐以提高他们的音乐能力。故选D项。 （23-24高一上·江苏扬州·期末）A healthy eating habit along with enough exercise can help you keep healthy. When you are young, it is important to give your body what it needs. If you skip meals, you can’t get enough calories (卡路里). And then you may feel tired. By the way, the calorie is just another word for energy. About 50% of your calories should come from rice, bread, vegetables and fruit. You also need to drink a lot of water, 6 to 8 glasses a day. Drinking enough water can make your body work better and make you healthy. Exercise can help to make you look good, feel good and be healthy. Scientists say that kids should spend at least 30 minutes exercising a day, five times a week. It is easy to do! You can walk or ride your bike to school, and play sports at school. However, kids often give up sports, saying they have no time left after finishing their homework. In fact, doing exercise can help them sleep better and do better in their lessons. If you follow the advice above, you will look and feel much better and become healthy. 1．The underlined word “skip” means “________” in Chinese. A．询问 B．跳过 C．阻止 D．转移 2．According to the scientists, kids should spend at least ________ minutes exercising every week. A．30 B．50 C．100 D．150 3．Why do many kids give up sports according to the passage? A．Because they are too lazy to exercise. B．Because they feel great after giving up sports. C．Because they are busy with their studies. D．Because they don’t like playing sports at all. 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．About 80% of your calories should come from rice, bread, vegetables and fruit. B．You need to drink three or four glasses of water every day to keep healthy. C．Students should exercise at least twice a week to keep healthy and happy. D．Doing exercise can help kids sleep better and do better in their lessons. 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．How to Sleep Well B．How to Exercise C．How to Look Thinner D．How to Keep Healthy 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．D 5．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何保持健康给出了一些饮食和锻炼建议。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“About 50% of your calories should come from rice, bread, vegetables and fruit.(大约50%的卡路里应该来自米饭、面包、蔬菜和水果)”以及划线词后文“you can’t get enough calories”可知，不吃饭或忽略吃饭就无法获得卡路里，而50%的卡路里应该来自米饭、面包、蔬菜和水果，故划线词意思是“跳过”。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Scientists say that kids should spend at least 30 minutes exercising a day, five times a week.(科学家说，孩子们应该每周锻炼五次，每天至少锻炼30分钟)”可知，根据科学家的说法，孩子们每周应该至少花5×30=150分钟锻炼。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段“However, kids often give up sports, saying they have no time left after finishing their homework.(然而，孩子们经常放弃运动，说他们做完作业后没有时间了)”可知，很多孩子放弃运动是因为他们忙于学习。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据第二段“In fact, doing exercise can help them sleep better and do better in their lessons.(事实上，做运动可以帮助他们睡得更好，在功课上做得更好)”可知，D选项“做运动可以帮助孩子们睡得更好，在功课上做得更好”正确。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A healthy eating habit along with enough exercise can help you keep healthy.(健康的饮食习惯加上足够的锻炼可以帮助你保持健康)”结合文章主要就如何保持健康给出了一些饮食和锻炼建议。可知，D选项“如何保持健康”最符合文章标题。故选D。 （23-24高一上·江苏泰州·期末）For a century, Disney has captured the hearts and imaginations of millions worldwide. From a small animation (动画) studio to a global entertainment empire, Disney has created a miracle that has lasted for generations. Over the years, Disney has continued to push the boundaries of creativity and technology. Walt Disney, the visionary founder, revolutionized (变革) the animation industry with the creation of Mickey MouseF in 1928,the world’s first synchronized sound and color cartoon, setting the stage for the incredible journey that would follow. In 1937, Disney released the first-ever full-length animated feature film, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, establishing Disney as a leader in animation. This breakthrough also paved the way for the future of storytelling in cinema, including The Lion King and Frozen. However, Disney’s influence extends far beyond the silver screen. In 1955, the opening of Disneyland transformed Disney from a successful animation studio to a global entertainment giant. It revolutionized the concept of family entertainment and explored immersive theme park experiences by introducing the world to a magical kingdom where dreams come true, solidifying Disney’s status as a leader in the entertainment industry. Moreover, Disney’s acquisition (收购) of other entertainment companies, such as Pixar and Marvel, has allowed Disney to bring characters like Woody and Buzz Lightyear, Iron Man and Captain America into its ever- expanding universe, connecting storylines and experiences across multiple media, from films to television series to video games. Walt Disney once said, “We keep moving forward, opening new doors, and doing new things,”and this spirit has been the foundation of the company’s remarkable success. Disney’s story demonstrates the power of dreams, creativity, and the belief that anything is possible. Nowadays, Disney has become the peak of success, a shining example of what can be accomplished when imagination knows no bounds. 1．Which work started Disney’s leading role in the animation industry? A．Mickey Mouse. B．Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. C．The Lion King. D．Frozen. 2．What do we know about the Disneyland according to paragraph 4? A．It is the first global theme park. B．It was built jointly by several companies. C．It brings many new characters to the silver screen. D．It made Disney into an entertainment industry giant. 3．What is the key to Disney’s success according to the last paragraph? A．Innovative spirit. B．Strong determination. C．Good business strategies. D．Advanced animation technology. 4．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To show the popularity of Disney. B．To appeal to people to visit Disneyland. C．To introduce the development of Disney. D．To prove the significance of imagination. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了娱乐行业巨头公司迪士尼的发展。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In 1937, Disney released the first-ever full-length animated feature film, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs , establishing Disney as a leader in animation. This breakthrough also paved the way for the future of storytelling in cinema, including The Lion King and Frozen.(1937年，迪士尼发行了第一部完整长度的动画电影《白雪公主和七个小矮人》，奠定了迪士尼在动画领域的领导地位。这一突破也为电影叙事的未来铺平了道路，包括《狮子王》和《冰雪奇缘》)”可知，《白雪公主和七个小矮人》的发行奠定了迪士尼在动画领域的领导地位。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“However, Disney’s influence extends far beyond the silver screen. In 1955, the opening of Disneyland transformed Disney from a successful animation studio to a global entertainment giant.(然而，迪士尼的影响力远远超出了银幕。1955年，迪士尼乐园的开业使迪士尼从一家成功的动画工作室变成了全球娱乐巨头)”可知，迪士尼乐园的开业使迪士尼成为娱乐行业的巨头。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Walt Disney once said, “We keep moving forward, opening new doors, and doing new things,”and this spirit has been the foundation of the company’s remarkable success.(华特·迪士尼曾经说过:“我们不断前进，打开新的大门，做新的事情。”这种精神是公司取得巨大成功的基础)”可知，创新精神是迪士尼成功的关键。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“For a century, Disney has captured the hearts and imaginations of millions worldwide.(一个世纪以来，迪士尼已经俘获了全世界数百万人的心和想象力)”及全文内容可知，本文介绍了迪士尼公司的由来和发展及它成为娱乐行业巨头的原因。因此，本文是为了介绍迪士尼的发展。故选C项。 （23-24高一上·江苏南通·期末）A famous health tip says you’d better drink eight glasses of water（about two liters）a day. However, the results of a new study suggest that fewer are needed. An international group led by scientists at the Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology in China found that the average daily water intake of a man in his 20s should be 1.5 to 1.8 liters, while it should be 1.3 to 1.4 liters for a female in the same age group. The study published recently in the Journal Science described, for the first time, a set of equations（方程组）to predict human water turnover, a sign reflecting the amount of water used by the body each day. The researchers investigated 5,604 participants from the ages of 8 days to 96 years from more than 20 countries, using isotope（同位素）-tracking methods. They have found that a man aged 20 to 35 consumes 4.2 liters of water each day, while a woman aged 30 to 60 consumes 3.3 liters, with the water requirements dropping as he or she ages. Since the metabolism（新陈代谢）and water exchange on skin can provide 15 percent, while food and drinking respectively contributing half of the remaining 85 percent, people are encouraged to drink less than 45 percent of the total daily turnover, according to the researchers. “The majority of people perhaps don’t have to drink eight glasses of water a day,” says Zhang Xueying, co-first author of the paper and an assistant research fellow at the SIAT. The total water input and output change according to a number of factors, including body size, physical activity, air temperature and altitude（海拔）, according to the study. “The equations can be applied to individuals around the world,” says Zhang. However, people living in countries with a low human development index（指数）have higher water turnover than people in developed countries, she adds. The study challenges the long-standing belief and marks the first step towards a personalized prediction of water requirements, says John Speakman, who also works at the SIAT. 1．How did the researchers carry out the study? A．By offering examples. B．By analyzing figures. C．By performing interviews. D．By making predictions. 2．Why do most people drink less than eight glasses of water per day? A．Their daily diets are rich in protein. B．Their bodies don’t need so much water. C．They belong to different age groups. D．They take in water from various sources. 3．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．Living conditions influence human water turnover. B．The equations are used to determine water turnover. C．Body size is unlikely to change the output of water. D．Temperature has nothing to do with the input of water. 4．What does John Speakman think of the study? A．It has a long way to go. B．It remains a riddle. C．It wins public support. D．It is beyond control. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究结果表明人体每天所需要的水实际少于八杯水(大约两升)，向长期以来的信念——每天喝八杯水发出挑战。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“They have found that a man aged 20 to 35 consumes 4.2 liters of water each day, while a woman aged 30 to 60 consumes 3.3 liters, with the water requirements dropping as he or she ages.(他们发现，20至35岁的男性每天消耗4.2升水，而30至60岁的女性每天消耗3.3升水，随着年龄的增长，所需水量会下降)”可知，研究人员通过分析数字来进行研究。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Since the metabolism and water exchange on skin can provide 15 percent, while food and drinking respectively contributing half of the remaining 85 percent, people are encouraged to drink less than 45 percent of the total daily turnover, according to the researchers.(研究人员表示，由于皮肤上的新陈代谢和水分交换可以提供15%的水分，而食物和饮料分别占剩余85%的一半，因此鼓励人们饮水量低于每日总饮水量的45%)”可知，大多数人每天喝的水少于八杯，因为他们从各种来源摄入水。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“However, people living in countries with a low human development index have higher water turnover than people in developed countries, she adds.(然而，她补充道，生活在人类发展指数低的国家的人的水资源周转率高于发达国家的人)”可知，生活条件影响人类的水资源周转率。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The study challenges the long-standing belief and marks the first step towards a personalized prediction of water requirements, says John Speakman, who also works at the SIAT.(同样在SIAT工作的John Speakman说，这项研究挑战了长期以来的信念，标志着朝着个性化预测需水量迈出了第一步)”可知，这项研究仅仅迈出了个性化预测需水量的第一步，故这项研究还有很长的路要走。故选A项。 （23-24高一上·江苏·期末）Human and their inventions, such as cars or plastic, have caused most environmental pollution on Earth. Today car emissions (排放物) are a major source of air pollution leading to climate change. In the meanwhile, plastics fill our ocean, creating a significant health issue to marine (海洋的) animals. And what about the electric light, which is thought to be one of the greatest human inventions of all time? Electric light can be a beautiful thing, guiding us home when the sun goes down, keeping us safe and making our homes bright. However, like CO2 emissions and plastic, too much of a good thing has started to influence the environment. Light pollution, the wrong use of outdoor light, is affecting human health, wildlife behavior and our ability to observe stars. Light pollution is a global issue. This became obvious when the World Atlas of Artificial Night Sky Brightness, a computer-created map based on thousands of satellite photos, was published in 2016, which can be viewed online. The map shows how and where our globe is lit up at night. Vast areas of North America, Europe, the Middle East and Asia are glowing (发光) with light, while only the most distant regions on Earth (Greenland, Central African Republic and Niue) are in total darkness. Some of the most light-polluted countries in the world are Singapore, Qatar, and Kuwait. Sky glow is the brightening of the night sky, mostly over cities, due to the electric lights of cars, streetlamps, offices, factories, outdoor advertising, and buildings, turning night into day for people who work and play long after sunset. People living in cities with high levels of sky glow have a hard time seeing more than a handful of stars at night. Astronomers (宇航员) are particularly concerned with sky glow pollution as it reduces their ability to view stars. Mostly over 80 percent of the world's population, and 99 percent of Americans and Europeans live under sky glow. 1．What can we learn from paragraph 2? A．Electric light should be not be used outdoors. B．Electric light is the main factor to keep us safe. C．Electric light has both advantages and disadvantages. D．Electric light is the greatest human invention. 2．Which of the following places is least affected by sky glow? A．Niue. B．Singapore. C．Kuwait. D．Qatar. 3．What activity in real life may cause light pollution? A．Keeping the streetlamps on. B．Littering plastics about. C．Driving cars around. D．Overfishing marine animals. 4．What's the attitude of astronomers towards light pollution? A．Uncaring. B．Unclear. C．Worried. D．Satisfied. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了电灯的好处和缺点，介绍了光污染严重的问题。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Electric light can be a beautiful thing, guiding us home when the sun goes down, keeping us safe and making our homes bright. However, like CO2 emissions and plastic, too much of a good thing has started to influence the environment. Light pollution, the wrong use of outdoor light, is affecting human health, wildlife behavior and our ability to observe stars.(电灯是一件美丽的东西，在太阳下山时指引我们回家，保证我们的安全，让我们的家明亮。然而，就像二氧化碳排放和塑料一样，太多的好东西已经开始影响环境。光污染，即户外光的错误使用，正在影响人类健康、野生动物行为和我们观察星星的能力)”可知，电灯给人类带来光明与方便，但太多灯光也有许多弊端。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Vast areas of North America, Europe, the Middle East and Asia are glowing (发光) with light, while only the most distant regions on Earth (Greenland, Central African Republic and Niue) are in total darkness.(北美、欧洲、中东和亚洲的大片地区灯火通明，而地球上只有最偏远的地区（格陵兰岛、中非共和国和纽埃）一片漆黑)”可知，纽埃受城市光污染最小。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Sky glow is the brightening of the night sky, mostly over cities, due to the electric lights of cars, streetlamps, offices, factories, outdoor advertising, and buildings, turning night into day for people who work and play long after sunset.(“天光”是指由于汽车、路灯、办公室、工厂、户外广告和建筑物的电灯使夜晚的天空变亮，主要是在城市上空。对于那些在日落之后工作和娱乐很长时间的人来说，“天光”把夜晚变成了白天)”可知，现实生活中保持街灯亮着可能造成光污染。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Astronomers (宇航员) are particularly concerned with sky glow pollution as it reduces their ability to view stars.(宇航员特别关注天空辉光污染，因为它降低了他们观察恒星的能力)”可推知，宇航员对光污染感到担忧。故选C。 （23-24高一上·江苏扬州·期末）The brain might be the place where memories are stored, and its health and efficiency depend a lot on the general health of the body. Put simply, what’s good for the body is good for the brain. Regular physical exercise doesn’t just build muscles and keep weight in check. It also protects memory and thinking skills. Research at the University of British Columbia found that regular aerobic exercise, the kind that increases your heart rate, also increases the size of the brain’s hippocampus (海马体). And a University of Maryland study found that memory improved in older adults after a 12-week exercise program. If you’re not into running or even fast walking, how about dancing? It turns out that taking a dance class may be one of the best activities you can do for your brain. A research team at the Albert Einstein School of Medicine looked at the effects of physical activity on preventing memory loss, and found that ballroom dancing was particularly effective, leading to enhancements in memory, attention and focus. “Dancing combines physical activity, learning something new, and social engagement,” says Dr. Salinas, a neurologist at NYU Langone Health. “The more of these factors an activity has, the better off you will be.” Sleep is also important for memory formation, especially long-term memory formation. When you’re asleep, the brain runs the tape of what it recorded during the day, gets rid of information that isn’t relevant and then stores other information for the long term. Besides, doing those mentally engaging activities, such as playing crossword puzzles, can also help keep our minds active. Learning a new language is often regarded as an ideal activity for brain health. “Doing something new and challenging contributes to forming new pathways in the brain, helping information go from one part of the brain to another,” says Dr. Salinas. While genetics (基因学) and family history play some roles in the risk of memory problems, so do plenty of other factors. Addressing any of these may make your memory sharper. 1．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? (①—Paragraph 1; ②—Paragraph 2; ③—Paragraph 3; ④—Paragraph 4; ⑤—Paragraph 5; ⑥—paragraph 6; ⑦—Paragraph 7) A． B． C． D． 2．What does the underlined word “enhancements” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Improvements. B．Effects. C．Troubles. D．Skills. 3．Why does the author mention Dr. Salinas’ words in Paragraph 4? A．To explain why dancing is one of the best activities for brain. B．To show which activity is likely to bring us the most benefits. C．To suggest that we should dance instead of doing other exercise. D．To conclude that the more activities we do, the healthier we will be. 4．Why is learning a new language regarded as an ideal activity for brain health? A．Because it helps store information. B．Because it is not very challenging. C．Because it makes use of pathways. D．Because it keeps our minds active. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了对大脑有好处的一些活动。 1．推理判断题。根据全文内容，第一段中“Put simply, what’s good for the body is good for the brain.(简而言之，对身体有益的东西对大脑也有益)”提出文章主题，第二、三和四段都是描述体育锻炼对大脑的好处，第二段中“Regular physical exercise doesn’t just build muscles and keep weight in check.(定期的体育锻炼不仅仅是锻炼肌肉和控制体重)”为主旨句，第三段和第四段以跳舞举例说明，根据第五段中“Sleep is also important for memory formation, especially long-term memory formation.(睡眠对记忆的形成也很重要，尤其是长期记忆的形成)”可知，该段是讲述睡眠对大脑的好处，根据第六段中“Besides, doing those mentally engaging activities, such as playing crossword puzzles, can also help keep our minds active.(此外，做一些脑力活动，比如玩填字游戏，也可以帮助我们保持思维活跃)”可知，该段是讲述做一些脑力活动对大脑的好处，最后一段总结全文，故本文正确的结构是C项。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词前“A research team at the Albert Einstein School of Medicine looked at the effects of physical activity on preventing memory loss, and found that ballroom dancing was particularly effective(阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦医学院的一个研究小组研究了体育活动对预防记忆丧失的影响，发现交际舞特别有效)”可知，交际舞对于预防记忆丧失有效，由此推知此处指“可以增强记忆力、注意力和专注力”，enhancements意为“增强，提高”，故选A。 3．推理判断题。第三段中“It turns out that taking a dance class may be one of the best activities you can do for your brain.(事实证明，参加舞蹈课可能是你能做的对大脑最好的活动之一)”提到，跳舞对大脑有好处，根据第四段“‘Dancing combines physical activity, learning something new, and social engagement,’ says Dr. Salinas, a neurologist at NYU Langone Health. ‘The more of these factors an activity has, the better off you will be.’(‘跳舞结合了身体活动、学习新事物和社会参与，’纽约大学朗格尼健康中心的神经学家Salinas博士说。‘一项活动包含的这些因素越多，你就会越好。’)”可知，作者提及Salinas说的话是为了解释跳舞对大脑有好处的原因，故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Besides, doing those mentally engaging activities, such as playing crossword puzzles, can also help keep our minds active. Learning a new language is often regarded as an ideal activity for brain health.(此外，做一些脑力活动，比如玩填字游戏，也可以帮助我们保持思维活跃。学习一门新语言通常被认为是有益于大脑健康的理想活动)”可知，学习一门新语言被认为是有益于大脑健康的理想活动，是因为它让我们的思维保持活跃，故选D。 （23-24高一上·江苏苏州·期末）Exposure (暴露) to more light during the day and less light at night is important for healthy sleep because it helps to keep the right body clock, the study team writes in Sleep Heath. The results suggest that in the office environment, being exposed either to daylight or electric lights may be important for the health of workers. “Many office buildings may actually be moving in the direction of reducing light,” said Figueiro. “Much has been done to reduce light levels to promote energy efficiency, which is important, but we may be going too far in this direction. ” She added, “We need to start thinking about how we light our daytime environment. ” To see whether office workers get enough light to improve their sleep-wake cycle, the study team found participants (参与者) in five government office buildings across the country. A total of 109 people working at the offices wore something that could measure light for one week in summertime, and 81 of these participants repeated the experiment (实验) in winter as well. The office workers wrote down their sleep and wake time and completed a form of questions about their mood and sleep quality at the end of each study period. Researchers found that people exposed to greater amounts of light during the morning hours, between 8 am and noon, fell asleep more quickly at night compared to those exposed to low light in the morning. People getting more morning light were also less likely to report feelings of stress. Office workers exposed to high levels of light all day, from 8 am to 5 pm, also reported lower levels of sleep disorders. A lack of good quality sleep has been connected with mental and physical health problems, including those with mood, thinking and the immune system. There are many easy things we can do during the day to increase our exposure to sunlight that could have beneficial effects on mood and sleep, such as looking out of the window, seeking light during the day, especially during the morning, and going out during lunch time. 1．What is Figueiro’s attitude towards light reduction? A．Worried. B．Scared. C．Excited. D．Interested. 2．How did the researchers draw the conclusion? A．By changing workers’ sleep-wake cycle. B．By doing experiments in different seasons. C．By collecting some questions from workers. D．By designing a new light-measuring method. 3．Which of the following statements might the researchers agree with? A．People getting more morning light get tired easily. B．People getting more morning light feel less stressed. C．People exposed to less night light wake up quickly. D．People exposed to less night light have sleep disorders. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．Many office buildings are reducing light. B．Many office workers lack good quality sleep. C．People’s sleep-wake cycle is important for health. D．Enough daylight is of great benefit to office workers. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要说明了一项研究表明，白天多接触光线，晚上少接触光线对人们获得健康睡眠很重要，因为它有助于保持正确的生物钟。研究结果表明，在办公室环境中，暴露在阳光或富含短波蓝光的电灯下可能对员工的健康很重要。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段““Much has been done to reduce light levels to promote energy efficiency, which is important, but we may be going too far in this direction. ” She added, “We need to start thinking about how we light our daytime environment. ”(“为了提高能源效率，我们已经做了很多工作来降低光照水平，这很重要，但我们可能在这个方向上走得太远了。”她补充说：“我们需要开始考虑如何照亮我们的白天环境。”)”可推知，菲格罗对减少灯光的态度是担忧的。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“A total of 109 people working at the offices wore something that could measure light for one week in summertime, and 81 of these participants repeated the experiment (实验) in winter as well.(共有109名在办公室工作的人在夏季戴着可以测量光线的东西一周，其中81名参与者在冬季也重复了这个实验)”可推知，研究人员通过在不同的季节做实验得出这个结论。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“People getting more morning light were also less likely to report feelings of stress.(获得更多晨光的人也不太可能感到压力)”可推知，研究人员可能会同意获得更多晨光的人感觉压力更小。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Exposure (暴露) to more light during the day and less light at night is important for healthy sleep because it helps to keep the right body clock, the study team writes in Sleep Heath. The results suggest that in the office environment, being exposed either to daylight or electric lights may be important for the health of workers.(研究小组在《睡眠健康》杂志上写道，白天多晒太阳，晚上少晒太阳对健康睡眠很重要，因为这有助于保持正确的生物钟。研究结果表明，在办公环境中，暴露在日光或电灯下可能对员工的健康很重要)”结合文章主要说明了一项研究表明，白天多接触光线，晚上少接触光线对人们获得健康睡眠很重要，因为它有助于保持正确的生物钟。研究结果表明，在办公室环境中，暴露在阳光或富含短波蓝光的电灯下可能对员工的健康很重要。可知，这篇文章的主旨是充足的日光对上班族有很大的好处。故选D。 （23-24高一上·江苏·期末）Need to get rid of old clothes? You’re not alone: With fast fashion, it’s easier than ever to follow trends. But cheap clothes aren’t made to last, most of which often end up in a landfill (垃圾填埋场). Take US as an example: per person generates an average of 82 pounds of such waste every year, with 85 per cent of it going to landfills even though 95 per cent can be reused. Donating is a popular alternative — but know that only about 10 to 20 per cent of donated clothing gets sold at thrift shops (廉价旧货店). While all but five per cent of donated clothes are resold for reuse or recycling, it’s impossible to know exactly how much ultimately becomes trash. The best way to ensure good, usable clothing doesn’t become waste is to increase the chances it ends up with someone who wants it. First, don’t wait too long if you choose to donate clothing to an organization, big or small. The sooner you donate your unwanted items, the more demand there is for them. Wherever you donate, ensure clothes are clean and dry. If it’s damaged or stained, don’t send it to thrift shops. They don’t have the capacity to do repairs and it just creates a financial burden in addition to the eco-burden, and defeats the purpose of the charitable action. Clothes that are stained or damaged beyond repair will likely never be re-worn but can still be diverted (使转向) from landfills. You can send your clothes directly to recycling companies, like through Retold Recycling or municipal programmes. Old clothes can be downcycled into other items like wipers for car washes, and even generated into new textiles (织品). Recycling is better than landfilling. It might take time to do a little research to find the right organization that can actually use the items you’re looking to give away. But it’s more rewarding than throwing everything in a big garbage bag, dumping it into a bin, and hoping for the best. 1．What can be learnt about fast fashion? A．It has reduced the eco-burden. B．It has caused clothing waste. C．It has lost its appeal in the US. D．It has led to a rise in landfills. 2．Why is the US example mentioned? A．To show the seriousness of the clothing waste. B．To criticize the spending habits of Americans. C．To push for tougher laws against fast fashion. D．To offer practical advice on managing landfills. 3．What does the author suggest people do with old clothes? A．Make them into new textiles. B．Put as many into landfills as possible. C．Downcycle them into wipers. D．Donate them to where they are needed. 4．How does the author sound regarding recycling? A．Critical. B．Indifferent. C．Supportive. D．Unclear. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何处理旧衣物以避免浪费。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“You’re not alone: With fast fashion, it’s easier than ever to follow trends. But cheap clothes aren’t made to last, most of which often end up in a landfill (垃圾填埋场).(你并不孤单：在快时尚时代，追随潮流比以往任何时候都容易。但是便宜的衣服不是用来穿的，大多数衣服最后都被扔进了垃圾填埋场)”可知，快时尚带来的后果是大量的衣服被浪费了。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第一段“Take US as an example: per person generates an average of 82 pounds of such waste every year, with 85 per cent of it going to landfills even though 95 per cent can be reused.(以美国为例：每人每年平均产生82磅这样的垃圾，其中85%进入垃圾填埋场，尽管95%可以再利用)”可知，在美国，平均每人每年产生82磅的衣物废弃物，其中85%被填埋，尽管95%可以重新利用。由此可以推断，提到美国的例子是为了表明衣物浪费现象很严重。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“The best way to ensure good, usable clothing doesn’t become waste is to increase the chances it ends up with someone who wants it. First, don’t wait too long if you choose to donate clothing to an organization, big or small. The sooner you donate your unwanted items, the more demand there is for them.(确保好的、可用的衣服不被浪费的最好方法是增加它最终被想要它的人拥有的机会。首先，如果你选择向大大小小的组织捐赠衣服，不要等太久。你越早捐赠不需要的物品，对它们的需求就越大)”可知，处理旧衣物最好的方法就是把它们捐给有需要的人。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Recycling is better than landfilling. It might take time to do a little research to find the right organization that can actually use the items you’re looking to give away. But it’s more rewarding than throwing everything in a big garbage bag, dumping it into a bin, and hoping for the best.(回收利用比填埋要好。你可能需要花点时间做一些调查，找到一个合适的组织，可以使用你想要赠送的物品。但这比把所有东西都扔进一个大垃圾袋，扔进垃圾桶，然后期待最好的结果要有回报得多)”可知，回收比填埋更好，更有意义，故作者对旧衣物回收持支持的态度。故选C项。 （23-24高一上·江苏·期末）A group of chickens that would have been killed are now at the heart of a community food sustainability (可持续性) project. 14 hens have been adopted (收养) and now live at Roehampton Students’ Union’s Growhampton project based at Roehampton University. Now they are looked after by workers and volunteers as part of a project that aims to encourage everyone to think about sustainability. Hillary Nevyjel, Chicken Care and Biodiversity Assistant, said, “We have long seats by the cage and when you sit with the chickens, they really cheer you up. You can just forget about everything and we get a lot of messages that they have helped students manage things successfully. We allow visits, so we have lots of people walking past them in the morning and families visiting at the weekend. The hens are popular with everyone.” Alongside the chicken cage, the Growhampton project includes a café built from former shipping containers (集装箱), where eggs from the hens are sold. Volunteers and workers at the site work with outside organizations to help convey the message about food sustainability. Hillary said, “We try to work not just with the university’s students but also the wider local community, such as youth projects and elderly groups who come to attend meetings about learning to grow their own food.” Students, workers, and the community volunteer to take care of the chickens and it’s a great way for everyone to learn more, not just about hens but also about where food comes from. “Food sustainability is becoming more important and people are beginning to realize that. Lots of visitors who come to our site take that message away with them and are encouraged to try growing their own at home,” Hillary said. 1．What is the purpose of the project? A．To save hens from being killed. B．To promote food sustainability. C．To be aware of food sources. D．To raise funds for a community. 2．How do the hens help the university students? A．Their spirits have been lifted. B．They have been responsible. C．Their independence increases. D．They have made new friends. 3．What does the underlined word “convey” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Acquire. B．Notice. C．Spread. D．Understand. 4．What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs? A．It is well received. B．It needs to be more creative. C．It is fairly costly. D．It takes ages to see results. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一个宣传食物的可持续性的项目。 【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“ A group of chickens that would have been killed are now at the heart of a community food sustainability ( 可持续性 ) project.”（一群本来会被杀死的鸡现在是社区食品可持续发展项目的核心。）根据第二段最后一句“Now they are looked after by workers and volunteers as part of a project that aims to encourage everyone to think about sustainability.”（现在，作为旨在鼓励每个人思考可持续发展的项目的一部分，它们由工人和志愿者照顾。）可知，这个项目的目的是宣传食物的可持续性。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“We have long seats by the cage and when you sit with the chickens, they really cheer you up.”（我们在笼子旁边有长长的座位，当你和鸡坐在一起时，它们真的会让你高兴起来。）可知，这些母鸡可以让学生们精神振奋。故选A。 3. 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Volunteers and workers at the site work with outside organizations to help convey the message about food sustainability.”（现场的志愿者和工作人员与外部组织合作，帮助convey有关粮食可持续性的信息。）及倒数第二段“Students, workers, and the community volunteer to take care of the chickens and it’s a great way for everyone to learn more, not just about hens but also about where food comes from.”（学生、工人和社区自愿照顾鸡，这是每个人了解更多信息的好方法，不仅了解母鸡，还了解食物的来源。）可知，学生、工人和社区自愿照顾鸡，每个人了解了更多的信息，由此可推知，现场的志愿者和工作人员与外部组织合作，帮助传播食物的可持续性的信息，以至于学生、工人和社区的每个人了解了更多的信息。故convey的意思为“传播”与spread相近。故选C。 4.推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Lots of visitors who come to our site take that message away with them and are encouraged to try growing their own at home”（许多访问我们网站的访问者都会使用这一信息，他们被鼓励尝试在家种植自己的食物）可知，这个项目是非常受欢迎的。故选A。 （22-23高一上·江苏扬州·期末）To prepare for-real-life emergencies, rescue teams must practice. They practice putting on ice suits, working with ropes, and using hand signals to communicate. And once the lake freezes, then practice ice rescue. On a training day, a firefighter puts on his ice suit. He then pushes air out of the ice suit. If not, the trapped air bubble could make him float. He walks out onto frozen lake to play the role of the “victim (受害者)”. He shakes, not from cold, but worries about not knowing when he’ll fall through! His first several steps feel solid. The ice seems thick. But 28 steps in: Crack! Water begins to come in through the ice. He slows down. At 31 steps-Plunk! He falls through the ice. He keeps him mouth shut so he doesn’t swallow any water. It’s time for him to pretend to be a victim, calling for help and struggling in the lake. Two more firefighters, attached to the onshore team with ropes, walk onto the lake. They stay on different parts of the ice in case it breaks, both carrying protective equipment like a belt or a board. Meanwhile, onshore team members, wearing life vests, talk to the “victim” to keep him calm. Near the ice hole, a rescuer drops to her belly and moves slowly. The second rescuer rolls. Both methods spread out the weight so they don’t also fall through the ice. The firefighter with the board explains that they’re there to help. She hands the board to the victim and tells  him to catch it. The second firefighter enters the water and ties the belt securely to the victim. He gives a signal and the onshore members pulls the rope. As the rope tightens, the rescuer lifts the victim’s legs so he’s on his belly. Together, they sail across the ice. Once they’re on land, firefighters exchange roles. When every firefighter has had a turn at rescuing and playing “victim”, they all put on warm, dry clothes and head back to the station for hot chocolate. 1．Why does the “victim” push air out of his ice suit before entering water? A．To walk in the water. B．To sink beneath the ice. C．To float on the surface. D．To approach firefighters. 2．What shouldn’t the rescue members do during the practice? A．Stay apart’on the ice surface. B．Walk as fast as possible on ice. C．Be careful in their each step. D．Carry protective equipment. 3．What can we learn from the text? A．Ice rescue only requires excellent individual skills. B．The rescue group perform such rescue practice daily. C．The firefighters take turns to play the part of “victim”. D．It is unnecessary to talk to the “victim” during the rescue. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Rescue on the ice B．Practice on ice land C．Ways of saving people D．Bravery of firefighters 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。为了应对现实生活中的紧急情况，必须练习。本文主要讲述消防员在冰上练习的情况和注意事项。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“On a training day, a firefighter puts on his ice suit. He then pushes air out of the ice suit. If not, the trapped air bubble could make him float. (在训练日，一名消防员穿上他的防寒服。然后他把空气从冰服里挤出来。否则，被困住的气泡会让他浮起来)”可知，消防员在入水之前将服装里面的空气排出，是为了防止在水中浮起。由此推知，这样做是为了沉入冰下。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Near the ice hole, a rescuer drops to her belly and moves slowly. (在冰洞附近，一名救援人员趴在她的腹部，慢慢移动)”可知，消防员不能在冰上尽可能快地走。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Once they’re on land, firefighters exchange roles. When every firefighter has had a turn at rescuing and playing “victim”, they all put on warm, dry clothes and head back to the station for hot chocolate. (一旦他们在陆地上，消防队员交换角色。当每个消防员都在救援和扮演“受害者”时，他们都穿上温暖、干燥的衣服，回到车站喝热巧克力)”可知，消防员轮流扮演“受害者”的角色。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“To prepare for-real-life emergencies, rescue teams must practice. They practice putting on ice suits, working with ropes, and using hand signals to communicate. And once the lake freezes, then practice ice rescue. (为了应对现实生活中的紧急情况，救援队必须进行练习。他们练习穿上冰衣，用绳子工作，用手势交流。一旦湖面结冰，就开始练习冰上救援)”和下文关于“练习冰上救援”内容可知，文章讲述的是冰上营救。由此可知，文章最好的标题是“冰上救援”。故选A项。 （21-22高一上·江苏南通·期末）Many people enjoy biscuits at teatime. But people with diabetes (糖尿病) have to be careful about eating sweet food. Diabetes is a metabolic (代谢的) disease. If a patient’s blood sugar is not well controlled, serious problems can occur. A patient may experience dizziness (头晕) and tiredness, but also have kidney failure, blindness and heart disease, according to Medical News Today. But a new research may make it possible to “treat diabetes by eating biscuits”. Researchers from Peking University and East China Normal University successfully developed a new cell using synthetic (合成的) biology technology. Their study was published in Nature Chemical Biology in November. In their research, diabetic mice implanted (植入) with the cells can increase insulin (胰岛素) levels and lower blood sugar as long as they eat specific amino acid (氨基酸) biscuits. It only takes 90 minutes for the mice to reduce their blood sugar, which is equivalent to the time after an insulin injection (注射), Liu Tao, one of the authors, told Science and Technology Daily. This kind of biscuit does not directly lower blood sugar levels, but is a “key” to insulin. The special amino acids in the biscuits help to start the insulin translation process. The end result is controlled blood sugar, according to Ye Haifeng, one of the authors. “This unnatural amino acid is similar to the ingredients added in many health drinks and is very friendly to the human body,” Liu told Science and Technology Daily. Maybe one day, people will need to take artificial amino acids before meals, or eat foods containing artificial amino acids suitable for diabetics, so they can control their blood sugar. Although scientists in synthetic biology have paved the way for possible future treatments, their findings won’t be ready for patients anytime soon. “Synthetic biology is still an early-stage discipline (学科) in regards to the traditional diabetes therapeutic (治疗的) development timeline, with most technologies currently in the preclinical stages in the lab,” Ira Pastor, CEO of the life sciences company Bioquark, told US News. 1．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Why diabetes is a metabolic disease. B．Serious problems caused by diabetes. C．Blood sugar’s effects on the metabolic system. D．Diseases that can affect blood sugar. 2．How did the blood sugar of the diabetic mice decrease in the study? A．Scientists implanted cells that can directly lower blood sugar. B．Scientists gave them biscuits with less sugar. C．The implanted cells and the specific amino acids increased insulin. D．The amino acid biscuits they ate contained insulin. 3．How does the special amino acid work? A．It transforms blood sugar into an acid. B．It helps start the insulin translation process. C．It clears ingredients unfriendly to the human body. D．It allows the injected insulin to work better. 4．Which of the following would Ira Pastor agree with? A．Synthetic biology proves the most effective solution to diabetes. B．Synthetic biology is developing quickly at present. C．Many traditional therepeutic diabetes technologies are out of date. D．There remains a long way for this therapy to enter hospitals. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种特定的氨基酸饼干，能提高胰岛素水平并降低血糖，对糖尿病人有帮助。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段关键句“A patient may experience dizziness (头晕) and tiredness, but also have kidney failure, blindness and heart disease, according to Medical News Today.”（据《今日医学新闻》报道，患者可能会感到头晕和疲劳，但也会出现肾衰竭、失明和心脏病。）可知，糖尿病患者可能会感到头晕和疲劳，也会出现肾衰竭、失明和心脏病，这些都是糖尿病带来的严重后果，由此可知，第2段的主要介绍了糖尿病引起的严重问题。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段内容“In their research, diabetic mice implanted (植入) with the cells can increase insulin (胰岛素) levels and lower blood sugar as long as they eat specific amino acid (氨基酸) biscuits. It only takes 90 minutes for the mice to reduce their blood sugar, which is equivalent to the time after an insulin injection (注射), Liu Tao, one of the authors, told Science and Technology Daily.”（在他们的研究中，植入这些细胞的糖尿病小鼠只要吃特定的氨基酸饼干，就能提高胰岛素水平并降低血糖。作者之一刘涛告诉《科技日报》，小鼠只需90分钟就能降低血糖，这相当于注射胰岛素后的时间。）可知，糖尿病小鼠被植入了细胞，吃了特定的氨基酸饼干，从而提高胰岛素水平，降低了血糖，由此可知，糖尿病小鼠通过植入的细胞和特定的氨基酸增加了胰岛素，最终促使血糖下降。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段关键句“The special amino acids in the biscuits help to start the insulin translation process. The end result is controlled blood sugar, according to Ye Haifeng, one of the authors.”（饼干中的特殊氨基酸有助于启动胰岛素的转化过程。根据作者之一叶海峰说，最终的结果是血糖得到了控制。）可知，特殊氨基酸有助于启动胰岛素的转化过程，最终使血糖得到了控制，由此可知，特殊氨基酸有助于启动胰岛素的转化过程。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句““Synthetic biology is still an early-stage discipline (学科) in regards to the traditional diabetes therapeutic (治疗的) development timeline, with most technologies currently in the preclinical stages in the lab,” Ira Pastor, CEO of the life sciences company Bioquark, told US News.”（生命科学公司Bioquark的首席执行官Ira Pastor告诉《美国新闻》：“合成生物学仍然是传统糖尿病治疗开发时间表的早期学科，大多数技术目前都处于实验室的临床前阶段。”）可知，Ira Pastor认为这项技术目前处于实验室的临床前阶段，还不能进入医院，由此可知，他认为这种疗法要进入医院还有很长的路要走。故选D项。 （23-24高一上·江苏盐城·期末）Sports play a key role in the physical and mental development of children. Although it’s great to see a child succeed in one sport, it’s important to keep their activities in balance. Participation in multiple sports enables children to acquire a knowledge of many movement skills. In addition to this, here are some other good reasons why kids should be encouraged to play several sorts of sports. Repetitive movements can overstress growing bodies which later on can lead to injuries. With multi-sports, each sport works the body slightly differently. This will lead to fewer overuse injuries. Also, kids who overspecialize in one sport may end up losing interest and eventually give up. Specializing in a sport raises expectations and may put too much pressure on young kids. Having a variety of experiences will keep children interested and motivated, and even make them enjoy sports without any pressure. Multi-sports also allow kids to experience different roles. Being a goalkeeper in a football team is very different from being a point guard in basketball. Being exposed to baseball develops better hand-eye coordination (协调). Soccer develops better footwork (步法). Volleyball develops jumping and hand-eye coordination. Martial arts develop strength, mobility, and discipline. Swimming develops full-body coordination and strength. The list goes on and on! Participation in multiple sports broadens a child’s developmental social, and situational experience. It opens up opportunities to become a better competitor and a promising athlete — flexible and energetic. Many sports superstars like Stephen Curry achieved their standing today by playing multiple sports. Curry played basketball but he also played baseball, football, soccer, and everything else in a sports buffet. What worked for Curry, experts say, could work for most of us. Besides developing a wide range of sports skills, more importantly, multi-sports provide opportunities for children to discover their liking. With the help of the right coaches, sports become fun, inspiring kids’ interests. So if you can’t decide whether your child should focus on one sport or try some different sports, I hope you can make a better decision now. 1．What will happen to kids if they do one sport repeatedly? A．They can stay more focused. B．They can spare more time to study. C．They can be skilled at the sport early. D．They can be more likely to get injured. 2．What’s implied about multi-sports in Paragraph 3? A．They inspire kids’ sporting spirit. B．They help kids develop their special talents. C．They have much higher requirements for kids. D．They help promote kids’ all-round development. 3．What does the author want to express in the last paragraph? A．Multi-sports help kids find their favorite sports. B．Sports skills make kids more popular at school. C．Parents should lower their expectations for kids. D．Children should turn their interests into professions. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．How sports benefit kids. B．What sports children should try. C．Why kids should try multi-sports. D．Why multi-sports are popular today. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章认为应该让儿童参与多种体育运动，因为这样可以避免单一运动造成的损伤和无趣，帮助孩子培养多项身体能力并助力全面发展，并引导孩子发现自己真正的兴趣所在。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Repetitive movements can overstress growing bodies which later on can lead to injuries.（重复的动作会给生长中的身体造成过度压力，随后会导致受伤。）”可知，如果儿童重复进行同样的运动，会导致身体负担过重，很可能会受伤。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Participation in multiple sports broadens a child’s developmental social, and situational experience. It opens up opportunities to become a better competitor and a promising athlete — flexible and energetic.（参与多种体育活动可以拓宽儿童的社会发展和情境体验。它为成为一个更好的竞争者和一个有前途的运动员提供了机会——灵活而充满活力。）”可知，参与多种体育运动让儿童发展多种能力，有助于他们将来的发展。由此推知，多种运动有助于儿童的全面发展。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Besides developing a wide range of sports skills, more importantly, multi-sports provide opportunities for children to discover their liking. With the help of the right coaches, sports become fun, inspiring kids’ interests.（除了发展广泛的运动技能外，更重要的是，多种运动为孩子们提供了发现自己喜好的机会。在合适教练的帮助下，运动变得有趣，激发孩子们的兴趣。）”可知，参与多种运动可以激发孩子的兴趣，从而发现自己最喜欢哪一种运动。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了让儿童参与多种体育运动的好处，包括避免单一运动造成的损伤和无趣，帮助孩子培养多项身体能力并助力全面发展，引导孩子发现自己真正的兴趣所在。因此，C项“为什么儿童应尝试多种体育运动”符合文章大意。故选C项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 阅读理解之说明文12篇 (江苏期末真题) （23-24高一上·江苏南京·期末）Is there a friend of yours who always sings out of tune (曲调) but never realizes it? Don’t be so hard on them — they may have amusia — the inability to tell the difference in tunes. Apart from singing out of tune, people with amusia may also find it hard to recognize music they’ve heard before without the help of song lyrics. Besides, people who suffer from Amusia can have difficulty in recognizing melodies and a total inability to tell between different musical sounds, according to Live Science. However, people with amusia can recognize common environmental sounds as well as the high and lows sounds in human voices, meaning that this inability can be specially related to music. In many cases, people who have amusia are born with it, as 46 percent of these individuals’ family members were found to have similar conditions, according to a 2017 study. Brain imaging shows that their brains receive and respond to music pitch (音高) information, but it is not reaching conscious awareness, meaning that the mind can’t understand the information. Scientists at the University of Otago in New Zealand also think that amusia is related to people’s special processing skills. They invited people with amusia, musicians and students from non-musical backgrounds to perform a task related to spacial imagination. They were asked to decide whether pairs of images are the same object moving around or mirror images. The result showed that the amusia group made more mistakes than the other two groups. Amusia might be related to the way brain stores information about the high and low sounds in songs, according to the study. Although those who aren’t confident about their singing skills often say they’re “tune-deaf”, people with amusia only make up about 1.5 percent of the population, as shown in the 2017 study. “Like dyslexics (诵读困难者) can learn how to read, those with amusia should be able to better their ability to recognize tunes if they start early enough,” Isabelle Peretz, a professor of psychology from the University of Montreal in Canada, told Live Science. 1．According to the article, what is the main difficulty faced by people with amusia? A．Recognizing tunes. B．Identifying human voices. C．Understanding song lyrics. D．Noticing common sounds in nature. 2．What did the 2017 study tell us about amusia? A．Amusia is common among children. B．Amusia is a result of brain damage. C．Many individuals with amusia are born with it. D．Those who are tune-deaf often suffer from amusia. 3．What did the study by scientists at the University of Otago show? A．People with amusia have strong spa cial imagination skills. B．People with amusia struggle to decide the shape of images. C．Amusia may be affected by one’s level of music education. D．Amusia may be related to how the brain stores sound information. 4．How can people with amusia improve their musical ability, according to Peretz? A．Go for medical treatment. B．Sing frequently with friends. C．Learn how to read earlier in life. D．Start to explore and learn music early. （23-24高一上·江苏扬州·期末）A healthy eating habit along with enough exercise can help you keep healthy. When you are young, it is important to give your body what it needs. If you skip meals, you can’t get enough calories (卡路里). And then you may feel tired. By the way, the calorie is just another word for energy. About 50% of your calories should come from rice, bread, vegetables and fruit. You also need to drink a lot of water, 6 to 8 glasses a day. Drinking enough water can make your body work better and make you healthy. Exercise can help to make you look good, feel good and be healthy. Scientists say that kids should spend at least 30 minutes exercising a day, five times a week. It is easy to do! You can walk or ride your bike to school, and play sports at school. However, kids often give up sports, saying they have no time left after finishing their homework. In fact, doing exercise can help them sleep better and do better in their lessons. If you follow the advice above, you will look and feel much better and become healthy. 1．The underlined word “skip” means “________” in Chinese. A．询问 B．跳过 C．阻止 D．转移 2．According to the scientists, kids should spend at least ________ minutes exercising every week. A．30 B．50 C．100 D．150 3．Why do many kids give up sports according to the passage? A．Because they are too lazy to exercise. B．Because they feel great after giving up sports. C．Because they are busy with their studies. D．Because they don’t like playing sports at all. 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．About 80% of your calories should come from rice, bread, vegetables and fruit. B．You need to drink three or four glasses of water every day to keep healthy. C．Students should exercise at least twice a week to keep healthy and happy. D．Doing exercise can help kids sleep better and do better in their lessons. 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．How to Sleep Well B．How to Exercise C．How to Look Thinner D．How to Keep Healthy （23-24高一上·江苏泰州·期末）For a century, Disney has captured the hearts and imaginations of millions worldwide. From a small animation (动画) studio to a global entertainment empire, Disney has created a miracle that has lasted for generations. Over the years, Disney has continued to push the boundaries of creativity and technology. Walt Disney, the visionary founder, revolutionized (变革) the animation industry with the creation of Mickey MouseF in 1928,the world’s first synchronized sound and color cartoon, setting the stage for the incredible journey that would follow. In 1937, Disney released the first-ever full-length animated feature film, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, establishing Disney as a leader in animation. This breakthrough also paved the way for the future of storytelling in cinema, including The Lion King and Frozen. However, Disney’s influence extends far beyond the silver screen. In 1955, the opening of Disneyland transformed Disney from a successful animation studio to a global entertainment giant. It revolutionized the concept of family entertainment and explored immersive theme park experiences by introducing the world to a magical kingdom where dreams come true, solidifying Disney’s status as a leader in the entertainment industry. Moreover, Disney’s acquisition (收购) of other entertainment companies, such as Pixar and Marvel, has allowed Disney to bring characters like Woody and Buzz Lightyear, Iron Man and Captain America into its ever- expanding universe, connecting storylines and experiences across multiple media, from films to television series to video games. Walt Disney once said, “We keep moving forward, opening new doors, and doing new things,”and this spirit has been the foundation of the company’s remarkable success. Disney’s story demonstrates the power of dreams, creativity, and the belief that anything is possible. Nowadays, Disney has become the peak of success, a shining example of what can be accomplished when imagination knows no bounds. 1．Which work started Disney’s leading role in the animation industry? A．Mickey Mouse. B．Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. C．The Lion King. D．Frozen. 2．What do we know about the Disneyland according to paragraph 4? A．It is the first global theme park. B．It was built jointly by several companies. C．It brings many new characters to the silver screen. D．It made Disney into an entertainment industry giant. 3．What is the key to Disney’s success according to the last paragraph? A．Innovative spirit. B．Strong determination. C．Good business strategies. D．Advanced animation technology. 4．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To show the popularity of Disney. B．To appeal to people to visit Disneyland. C．To introduce the development of Disney. D．To prove the significance of imagination. （23-24高一上·江苏南通·期末）A famous health tip says you’d better drink eight glasses of water（about two liters）a day. However, the results of a new study suggest that fewer are needed. An international group led by scientists at the Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology in China found that the average daily water intake of a man in his 20s should be 1.5 to 1.8 liters, while it should be 1.3 to 1.4 liters for a female in the same age group. The study published recently in the Journal Science described, for the first time, a set of equations（方程组）to predict human water turnover, a sign reflecting the amount of water used by the body each day. The researchers investigated 5,604 participants from the ages of 8 days to 96 years from more than 20 countries, using isotope（同位素）-tracking methods. They have found that a man aged 20 to 35 consumes 4.2 liters of water each day, while a woman aged 30 to 60 consumes 3.3 liters, with the water requirements dropping as he or she ages. Since the metabolism（新陈代谢）and water exchange on skin can provide 15 percent, while food and drinking respectively contributing half of the remaining 85 percent, people are encouraged to drink less than 45 percent of the total daily turnover, according to the researchers. “The majority of people perhaps don’t have to drink eight glasses of water a day,” says Zhang Xueying, co-first author of the paper and an assistant research fellow at the SIAT. The total water input and output change according to a number of factors, including body size, physical activity, air temperature and altitude（海拔）, according to the study. “The equations can be applied to individuals around the world,” says Zhang. However, people living in countries with a low human development index（指数）have higher water turnover than people in developed countries, she adds. The study challenges the long-standing belief and marks the first step towards a personalized prediction of water requirements, says John Speakman, who also works at the SIAT. 1．How did the researchers carry out the study? A．By offering examples. B．By analyzing figures. C．By performing interviews. D．By making predictions. 2．Why do most people drink less than eight glasses of water per day? A．Their daily diets are rich in protein. B．Their bodies don’t need so much water. C．They belong to different age groups. D．They take in water from various sources. 3．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．Living conditions influence human water turnover. B．The equations are used to determine water turnover. C．Body size is unlikely to change the output of water. D．Temperature has nothing to do with the input of water. 4．What does John Speakman think of the study? A．It has a long way to go. B．It remains a riddle. C．It wins public support. D．It is beyond control. （23-24高一上·江苏·期末）Human and their inventions, such as cars or plastic, have caused most environmental pollution on Earth. Today car emissions (排放物) are a major source of air pollution leading to climate change. In the meanwhile, plastics fill our ocean, creating a significant health issue to marine (海洋的) animals. And what about the electric light, which is thought to be one of the greatest human inventions of all time? Electric light can be a beautiful thing, guiding us home when the sun goes down, keeping us safe and making our homes bright. However, like CO2 emissions and plastic, too much of a good thing has started to influence the environment. Light pollution, the wrong use of outdoor light, is affecting human health, wildlife behavior and our ability to observe stars. Light pollution is a global issue. This became obvious when the World Atlas of Artificial Night Sky Brightness, a computer-created map based on thousands of satellite photos, was published in 2016, which can be viewed online. The map shows how and where our globe is lit up at night. Vast areas of North America, Europe, the Middle East and Asia are glowing (发光) with light, while only the most distant regions on Earth (Greenland, Central African Republic and Niue) are in total darkness. Some of the most light-polluted countries in the world are Singapore, Qatar, and Kuwait. Sky glow is the brightening of the night sky, mostly over cities, due to the electric lights of cars, streetlamps, offices, factories, outdoor advertising, and buildings, turning night into day for people who work and play long after sunset. People living in cities with high levels of sky glow have a hard time seeing more than a handful of stars at night. Astronomers (宇航员) are particularly concerned with sky glow pollution as it reduces their ability to view stars. Mostly over 80 percent of the world's population, and 99 percent of Americans and Europeans live under sky glow. 1．What can we learn from paragraph 2? A．Electric light should be not be used outdoors. B．Electric light is the main factor to keep us safe. C．Electric light has both advantages and disadvantages. D．Electric light is the greatest human invention. 2．Which of the following places is least affected by sky glow? A．Niue. B．Singapore. C．Kuwait. D．Qatar. 3．What activity in real life may cause light pollution? A．Keeping the streetlamps on. B．Littering plastics about. C．Driving cars around. D．Overfishing marine animals. 4．What's the attitude of astronomers towards light pollution? A．Uncaring. B．Unclear. C．Worried. D．Satisfied. （23-24高一上·江苏扬州·期末）The brain might be the place where memories are stored, and its health and efficiency depend a lot on the general health of the body. Put simply, what’s good for the body is good for the brain. Regular physical exercise doesn’t just build muscles and keep weight in check. It also protects memory and thinking skills. Research at the University of British Columbia found that regular aerobic exercise, the kind that increases your heart rate, also increases the size of the brain’s hippocampus (海马体). And a University of Maryland study found that memory improved in older adults after a 12-week exercise program. If you’re not into running or even fast walking, how about dancing? It turns out that taking a dance class may be one of the best activities you can do for your brain. A research team at the Albert Einstein School of Medicine looked at the effects of physical activity on preventing memory loss, and found that ballroom dancing was particularly effective, leading to enhancements in memory, attention and focus. “Dancing combines physical activity, learning something new, and social engagement,” says Dr. Salinas, a neurologist at NYU Langone Health. “The more of these factors an activity has, the better off you will be.” Sleep is also important for memory formation, especially long-term memory formation. When you’re asleep, the brain runs the tape of what it recorded during the day, gets rid of information that isn’t relevant and then stores other information for the long term. Besides, doing those mentally engaging activities, such as playing crossword puzzles, can also help keep our minds active. Learning a new language is often regarded as an ideal activity for brain health. “Doing something new and challenging contributes to forming new pathways in the brain, helping information go from one part of the brain to another,” says Dr. Salinas. While genetics (基因学) and family history play some roles in the risk of memory problems, so do plenty of other factors. Addressing any of these may make your memory sharper. 1．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? (①—Paragraph 1; ②—Paragraph 2; ③—Paragraph 3; ④—Paragraph 4; ⑤—Paragraph 5; ⑥—paragraph 6; ⑦—Paragraph 7) A． B． C． D． 2．What does the underlined word “enhancements” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Improvements. B．Effects. C．Troubles. D．Skills. 3．Why does the author mention Dr. Salinas’ words in Paragraph 4? A．To explain why dancing is one of the best activities for brain. B．To show which activity is likely to bring us the most benefits. C．To suggest that we should dance instead of doing other exercise. D．To conclude that the more activities we do, the healthier we will be. 4．Why is learning a new language regarded as an ideal activity for brain health? A．Because it helps store information. B．Because it is not very challenging. C．Because it makes use of pathways. D．Because it keeps our minds active. （23-24高一上·江苏苏州·期末）Exposure (暴露) to more light during the day and less light at night is important for healthy sleep because it helps to keep the right body clock, the study team writes in Sleep Heath. The results suggest that in the office environment, being exposed either to daylight or electric lights may be important for the health of workers. “Many office buildings may actually be moving in the direction of reducing light,” said Figueiro. “Much has been done to reduce light levels to promote energy efficiency, which is important, but we may be going too far in this direction. ” She added, “We need to start thinking about how we light our daytime environment. ” To see whether office workers get enough light to improve their sleep-wake cycle, the study team found participants (参与者) in five government office buildings across the country. A total of 109 people working at the offices wore something that could measure light for one week in summertime, and 81 of these participants repeated the experiment (实验) in winter as well. The office workers wrote down their sleep and wake time and completed a form of questions about their mood and sleep quality at the end of each study period. Researchers found that people exposed to greater amounts of light during the morning hours, between 8 am and noon, fell asleep more quickly at night compared to those exposed to low light in the morning. People getting more morning light were also less likely to report feelings of stress. Office workers exposed to high levels of light all day, from 8 am to 5 pm, also reported lower levels of sleep disorders. A lack of good quality sleep has been connected with mental and physical health problems, including those with mood, thinking and the immune system. There are many easy things we can do during the day to increase our exposure to sunlight that could have beneficial effects on mood and sleep, such as looking out of the window, seeking light during the day, especially during the morning, and going out during lunch time. 1．What is Figueiro’s attitude towards light reduction? A．Worried. B．Scared. C．Excited. D．Interested. 2．How did the researchers draw the conclusion? A．By changing workers’ sleep-wake cycle. B．By doing experiments in different seasons. C．By collecting some questions from workers. D．By designing a new light-measuring method. 3．Which of the following statements might the researchers agree with? A．People getting more morning light get tired easily. B．People getting more morning light feel less stressed. C．People exposed to less night light wake up quickly. D．People exposed to less night light have sleep disorders. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．Many office buildings are reducing light. B．Many office workers lack good quality sleep. C．People’s sleep-wake cycle is important for health. D．Enough daylight is of great benefit to office workers. （23-24高一上·江苏·期末）Need to get rid of old clothes? You’re not alone: With fast fashion, it’s easier than ever to follow trends. But cheap clothes aren’t made to last, most of which often end up in a landfill (垃圾填埋场). Take US as an example: per person generates an average of 82 pounds of such waste every year, with 85 per cent of it going to landfills even though 95 per cent can be reused. Donating is a popular alternative — but know that only about 10 to 20 per cent of donated clothing gets sold at thrift shops (廉价旧货店). While all but five per cent of donated clothes are resold for reuse or recycling, it’s impossible to know exactly how much ultimately becomes trash. The best way to ensure good, usable clothing doesn’t become waste is to increase the chances it ends up with someone who wants it. First, don’t wait too long if you choose to donate clothing to an organization, big or small. The sooner you donate your unwanted items, the more demand there is for them. Wherever you donate, ensure clothes are clean and dry. If it’s damaged or stained, don’t send it to thrift shops. They don’t have the capacity to do repairs and it just creates a financial burden in addition to the eco-burden, and defeats the purpose of the charitable action. Clothes that are stained or damaged beyond repair will likely never be re-worn but can still be diverted (使转向) from landfills. You can send your clothes directly to recycling companies, like through Retold Recycling or municipal programmes. Old clothes can be downcycled into other items like wipers for car washes, and even generated into new textiles (织品). Recycling is better than landfilling. It might take time to do a little research to find the right organization that can actually use the items you’re looking to give away. But it’s more rewarding than throwing everything in a big garbage bag, dumping it into a bin, and hoping for the best. 1．What can be learnt about fast fashion? A．It has reduced the eco-burden. B．It has caused clothing waste. C．It has lost its appeal in the US. D．It has led to a rise in landfills. 2．Why is the US example mentioned? A．To show the seriousness of the clothing waste. B．To criticize the spending habits of Americans. C．To push for tougher laws against fast fashion. D．To offer practical advice on managing landfills. 3．What does the author suggest people do with old clothes? A．Make them into new textiles. B．Put as many into landfills as possible. C．Downcycle them into wipers. D．Donate them to where they are needed. 4．How does the author sound regarding recycling? A．Critical. B．Indifferent. C．Supportive. D．Unclear. （23-24高一上·江苏·期末）A group of chickens that would have been killed are now at the heart of a community food sustainability (可持续性) project. 14 hens have been adopted (收养) and now live at Roehampton Students’ Union’s Growhampton project based at Roehampton University. Now they are looked after by workers and volunteers as part of a project that aims to encourage everyone to think about sustainability. Hillary Nevyjel, Chicken Care and Biodiversity Assistant, said, “We have long seats by the cage and when you sit with the chickens, they really cheer you up. You can just forget about everything and we get a lot of messages that they have helped students manage things successfully. We allow visits, so we have lots of people walking past them in the morning and families visiting at the weekend. The hens are popular with everyone.” Alongside the chicken cage, the Growhampton project includes a café built from former shipping containers (集装箱), where eggs from the hens are sold. Volunteers and workers at the site work with outside organizations to help convey the message about food sustainability. Hillary said, “We try to work not just with the university’s students but also the wider local community, such as youth projects and elderly groups who come to attend meetings about learning to grow their own food.” Students, workers, and the community volunteer to take care of the chickens and it’s a great way for everyone to learn more, not just about hens but also about where food comes from. “Food sustainability is becoming more important and people are beginning to realize that. Lots of visitors who come to our site take that message away with them and are encouraged to try growing their own at home,” Hillary said. 1．What is the purpose of the project? A．To save hens from being killed. B．To promote food sustainability. C．To be aware of food sources. D．To raise funds for a community. 2．How do the hens help the university students? A．Their spirits have been lifted. B．They have been responsible. C．Their independence increases. D．They have made new friends. 3．What does the underlined word “convey” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Acquire. B．Notice. C．Spread. D．Understand. 4．What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs? A．It is well received. B．It needs to be more creative. C．It is fairly costly. D．It takes ages to see results. （22-23高一上·江苏扬州·期末）To prepare for-real-life emergencies, rescue teams must practice. They practice putting on ice suits, working with ropes, and using hand signals to communicate. And once the lake freezes, then practice ice rescue. On a training day, a firefighter puts on his ice suit. He then pushes air out of the ice suit. If not, the trapped air bubble could make him float. He walks out onto frozen lake to play the role of the “victim (受害者)”. He shakes, not from cold, but worries about not knowing when he’ll fall through! His first several steps feel solid. The ice seems thick. But 28 steps in: Crack! Water begins to come in through the ice. He slows down. At 31 steps-Plunk! He falls through the ice. He keeps him mouth shut so he doesn’t swallow any water. It’s time for him to pretend to be a victim, calling for help and struggling in the lake. Two more firefighters, attached to the onshore team with ropes, walk onto the lake. They stay on different parts of the ice in case it breaks, both carrying protective equipment like a belt or a board. Meanwhile, onshore team members, wearing life vests, talk to the “victim” to keep him calm. Near the ice hole, a rescuer drops to her belly and moves slowly. The second rescuer rolls. Both methods spread out the weight so they don’t also fall through the ice. The firefighter with the board explains that they’re there to help. She hands the board to the victim and tells  him to catch it. The second firefighter enters the water and ties the belt securely to the victim. He gives a signal and the onshore members pulls the rope. As the rope tightens, the rescuer lifts the victim’s legs so he’s on his belly. Together, they sail across the ice. Once they’re on land, firefighters exchange roles. When every firefighter has had a turn at rescuing and playing “victim”, they all put on warm, dry clothes and head back to the station for hot chocolate. 1．Why does the “victim” push air out of his ice suit before entering water? A．To walk in the water. B．To sink beneath the ice. C．To float on the surface. D．To approach firefighters. 2．What shouldn’t the rescue members do during the practice? A．Stay apart’on the ice surface. B．Walk as fast as possible on ice. C．Be careful in their each step. D．Carry protective equipment. 3．What can we learn from the text? A．Ice rescue only requires excellent individual skills. B．The rescue group perform such rescue practice daily. C．The firefighters take turns to play the part of “victim”. D．It is unnecessary to talk to the “victim” during the rescue. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Rescue on the ice B．Practice on ice land C．Ways of saving people D．Bravery of firefighters （21-22高一上·江苏南通·期末）Many people enjoy biscuits at teatime. But people with diabetes (糖尿病) have to be careful about eating sweet food. Diabetes is a metabolic (代谢的) disease. If a patient’s blood sugar is not well controlled, serious problems can occur. A patient may experience dizziness (头晕) and tiredness, but also have kidney failure, blindness and heart disease, according to Medical News Today. But a new research may make it possible to “treat diabetes by eating biscuits”. Researchers from Peking University and East China Normal University successfully developed a new cell using synthetic (合成的) biology technology. Their study was published in Nature Chemical Biology in November. In their research, diabetic mice implanted (植入) with the cells can increase insulin (胰岛素) levels and lower blood sugar as long as they eat specific amino acid (氨基酸) biscuits. It only takes 90 minutes for the mice to reduce their blood sugar, which is equivalent to the time after an insulin injection (注射), Liu Tao, one of the authors, told Science and Technology Daily. This kind of biscuit does not directly lower blood sugar levels, but is a “key” to insulin. The special amino acids in the biscuits help to start the insulin translation process. The end result is controlled blood sugar, according to Ye Haifeng, one of the authors. “This unnatural amino acid is similar to the ingredients added in many health drinks and is very friendly to the human body,” Liu told Science and Technology Daily. Maybe one day, people will need to take artificial amino acids before meals, or eat foods containing artificial amino acids suitable for diabetics, so they can control their blood sugar. Although scientists in synthetic biology have paved the way for possible future treatments, their findings won’t be ready for patients anytime soon. “Synthetic biology is still an early-stage discipline (学科) in regards to the traditional diabetes therapeutic (治疗的) development timeline, with most technologies currently in the preclinical stages in the lab,” Ira Pastor, CEO of the life sciences company Bioquark, told US News. 1．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．Why diabetes is a metabolic disease. B．Serious problems caused by diabetes. C．Blood sugar’s effects on the metabolic system. D．Diseases that can affect blood sugar. 2．How did the blood sugar of the diabetic mice decrease in the study? A．Scientists implanted cells that can directly lower blood sugar. B．Scientists gave them biscuits with less sugar. C．The implanted cells and the specific amino acids increased insulin. D．The amino acid biscuits they ate contained insulin. 3．How does the special amino acid work? A．It transforms blood sugar into an acid. B．It helps start the insulin translation process. C．It clears ingredients unfriendly to the human body. D．It allows the injected insulin to work better. 4．Which of the following would Ira Pastor agree with? A．Synthetic biology proves the most effective solution to diabetes. B．Synthetic biology is developing quickly at present. C．Many traditional therepeutic diabetes technologies are out of date. D．There remains a long way for this therapy to enter hospitals. （23-24高一上·江苏盐城·期末）Sports play a key role in the physical and mental development of children. Although it’s great to see a child succeed in one sport, it’s important to keep their activities in balance. Participation in multiple sports enables children to acquire a knowledge of many movement skills. In addition to this, here are some other good reasons why kids should be encouraged to play several sorts of sports. Repetitive movements can overstress growing bodies which later on can lead to injuries. With multi-sports, each sport works the body slightly differently. This will lead to fewer overuse injuries. Also, kids who overspecialize in one sport may end up losing interest and eventually give up. Specializing in a sport raises expectations and may put too much pressure on young kids. Having a variety of experiences will keep children interested and motivated, and even make them enjoy sports without any pressure. Multi-sports also allow kids to experience different roles. Being a goalkeeper in a football team is very different from being a point guard in basketball. Being exposed to baseball develops better hand-eye coordination (协调). Soccer develops better footwork (步法). Volleyball develops jumping and hand-eye coordination. Martial arts develop strength, mobility, and discipline. Swimming develops full-body coordination and strength. The list goes on and on! Participation in multiple sports broadens a child’s developmental social, and situational experience. It opens up opportunities to become a better competitor and a promising athlete — flexible and energetic. Many sports superstars like Stephen Curry achieved their standing today by playing multiple sports. Curry played basketball but he also played baseball, football, soccer, and everything else in a sports buffet. What worked for Curry, experts say, could work for most of us. Besides developing a wide range of sports skills, more importantly, multi-sports provide opportunities for children to discover their liking. With the help of the right coaches, sports become fun, inspiring kids’ interests. So if you can’t decide whether your child should focus on one sport or try some different sports, I hope you can make a better decision now. 1．What will happen to kids if they do one sport repeatedly? A．They can stay more focused. B．They can spare more time to study. C．They can be skilled at the sport early. D．They can be more likely to get injured. 2．What’s implied about multi-sports in Paragraph 3? A．They inspire kids’ sporting spirit. B．They help kids develop their special talents. C．They have much higher requirements for kids. D．They help promote kids’ all-round development. 3．What does the author want to express in the last paragraph? A．Multi-sports help kids find their favorite sports. B．Sports skills make kids more popular at school. C．Parents should lower their expectations for kids. D．Children should turn their interests into professions. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．How sports benefit kids. B．What sports children should try. C．Why kids should try multi-sports. D．Why multi-sports are popular today. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$