2024年人教版英语九年级中考一轮复习之冠词讲义

冠词 知识回顾 冠词定义、分类 不定冠词的用法 定冠词的用法 零冠词的用法 知识梳理 一、冠词的定义 冠词是用在名词之前，帮助说明该名词含义的一种虚词。它不能脱离名词而单独存在， 也不能单独作句子成分 二、冠词分类：冠词分为不定冠词（a、an）和定冠词(the)两种形式 （一）、不定冠词a, an的用法： “a”用在以辅音开头的词前（指音标不指字母） “an”用在以元音开头的词前. e.g.: an apple an hour a student a university 注意: a uniform a European a useful book 1．表示人或事物的某一种类，强调整体，即以其中的一个代表一类. A horse is useful to mankind. 马对人类有用. A steel worker makes steel. 炼钢工人炼钢. 2．不定冠词用在事物的“单位”前，如时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前，表示“每一”. We often go to school twice a day. 我们常常每天去两次学校 The car can run 200 kilometers an hour。汽车每小时可以跑200km 3．不定冠词用来指某人、某物，但不具体说明何人何物.表示“某一” A boy came to see you a moment ago. 一个男孩刚才来看你 4、表示数量中的“一”，意义上接近one,但数量概念比One 弱 There is a table and four chairs in that dining room 在那个餐厅有一张桌子和4把椅子 There is going to be an English lecture this evening今晚将有一场英语演讲 5、 用于集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词前 （1） 用于集体名词前，I was put into a large class last term我上学期被分到一个大班 （2） 用于物质名词前，如coffee , food , tea , fruit , rain , snow , wind 等在表示一种一场一杯等意义时，常加不定冠词 An unexpected rain fell this morning in this small town 这个小镇今早突然下雨了 （3）用于抽象名词前 Working with Jane is a great joy和简一起工作是一件很快乐的事情 7、用于序数词前面，表示““又一、再一” Do you want a second chance?你想要再一次机会吗 9、用于表示动词意义的名词前面与动词构成固定短语 具有动词意义的名词在与动词have\take\make\give等构成短语表示一种非延续性的动作时， 该名词前的不定冠词一般不能缺少 Have a look 看一看 have a walk 散步 have a rest 休息一下 Have a try 试一试 give a smile微笑 give a shout 大喊 Make a choice做出选择 make a decision做出决定 10、用于某些固定词组中 A great deal of 大量的 make a move 开始行动 for a while 一会儿 as a result 结果 In a hurry 匆忙地 after a while一会让以后 have a good time 玩的愉快 make a living谋生 注意：不定冠词a与an的区别 a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前，an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。 判断一个单词是以元音音素开头，还是以辅音音素开头，要根据其读音，而不是字母！ 如：an hour an honest boy a university 口诀：不见元音不加an，不看字母看发音。 （1）在26个字母中，前面用an的字母有：a , e , f , h , I , l , m , n , o , r , s , x ,其他用a （2）以u开头的单词要注意区别： an umbrella ; an unusual story ; a university ; a useful book （二）、定冠词的用法： 1．表示说话人和听话人双方都知道的人或事物. Where did you put the jeans? 你把牛仔裤放哪里了？ 2．定冠词特指某（些）人或某（些）事物，以区别于同类中其他的人或事物. The sharpener in the desk is mine. 桌子里的卷笔刀是我的 3．定冠词用来指上文中已提到过的人或事物. I bought a book from Xinhua bookshop. The book costs 15 yuan. 4.用在单数名词前表示一类人或事物 The orange is orange. 5.用在序数词、形容词最高级以及对特定的两个人或事物进行比较时的比较级前面、副词最高级前面 The first lesson is very easy. She is the most careful student in our class. He is the younger of the two boys. 6．用于表示世界上独一无二的事物或用于自然界现象或方位名词之前. the sun 太阳 the moon 月亮 the earth 地球 the rain 雨 7．用在形容词或者分词前面，表示一类人或者事物. the poor 穷人 the rich富人 the wounded 伤者 the sick 病人 8、序数词前也可以用不定冠词，表示“又一”. Although they failed, they tried a third time. 9.用在姓氏的复数名词前表示一家人或夫妻俩 The Greens are watching TV now.格林一家现在正在看电视 10.用在江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠等专有名词前，或用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前 The Great Wall; the United States 11、用在表示方位或西洋乐器前 Jilin Province is in the north-east of China. 12、用于表示“越…越…”的结构中 The more love we give ,the more love we will receive 14、用于表示具体的地点、方位、具体的时间或者某天的一部分 In every country the sun rises in the east太阳部分国别，永远升自东方 15、用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前 The Yangze River is home to many fishes and animals 长江里许多鱼类和动物的家园 16、用在某些固定词组中 in the morning/afternoon/ evening ; in the daytime; all the time; at the same time; by the way; in the open air; at the beginning of...; on the other side ; (三)：零冠词用法 （1）表示泛指的抽象名词和物质名词前一般不用冠词. Happiness is a direction ,not a place 幸福是一个方向不是一个地点 （2）某些专有名词，如 人名、地名、国家名 等前面用零冠词 China is a great country. Mary lives in New York. （3）不可数名词和复数可数名词表泛指时前面用零冠词 Man（不可数名词）can’t live without water. Horses are domestic animals. （4）名词前面如有指示代词（this, that ）物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格等修饰，不用冠词 等作定语时,不用冠词. Every student likes English in our class. I like this picture better This is my address, Lets keep in touch 这是我的地址，咱们保持联系吧 (5)用在表 日期、星期、月份、季节等词的前面，但若特指某年的某月或某年的某个季节， 则需要在月份、季节前加the June 1st is Children’s Day. Spring comes after winter. That event happened in the spring of 1932. (6）球类运动.三餐饭、语言、棋类和学科等名词前不用冠词. We learned arithmetic at primary school 我们小学在学算数 Do you like playing basketball or football你喜欢打篮球还是橄榄球 （9）由And连接的表示由两部分或者两种身份组成的一个整体中，第二个名词前面不加冠词， 但如果表示两个人或者事物时，每个名词前都要加冠词 He raised a black cat and a white cat 他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫 He raised a black and white cat他养了一只花猫 Man 表示全人类或者男性时，其前面不加冠词 Man can save the earth , and man can destroy the earth 人类能过拯救地球也可以毁灭地球 （10）“专有名词+普通名词”构成的街名、路名、山名等名词前用零冠词 Nanjing Road 南京路 Hainan Island海南岛 （11）与by连用的交通工具名词前用零冠词by car; by train; 但in a car，in a boat，on the bike，on a bus等短语中的交通工具前需用冠词 （12）假日、节日前用零冠词 New Year’s Day; Women’s Day 注意：（1）有些短语中用冠词和不用冠词，意义不同 go to school 上学（是学生） go to the school 到学校去（不一定是学生） go to bed 上床睡觉 go to the bed 走到床前，向床边走去（不一定是去睡觉） at table 在吃饭 at the table 在桌子旁 at school 在上学 at the school 在学校里 in class 在上课 in the class 在班级里 in future 今后 in the future 在将来 next year 明年 the next year 第二年 by sea 乘船 by the sea 在海边 in hospital 生病住院 in the hospital 在医院 （2）有些短语中用不定冠词和定冠词，意义不同 a number of 意为“许多”，相当于a lot of，修饰可数名词复数，和名词一起作主语时谓语动词 用复数形式；the number of意为“...的数量，...的数目”，和名词一起作主语时谓语动词用 单数形式 A number of students like playing computer games. The number of the students is about 1500 in our school. 课堂小测 （ 10min ） 1、 单项选择 ( ) 1．“I” the first letter in the word“include”，and there is “u”and “l”in it． A．am；an；a B．am；a；an C．is；a；an D．is；an；a ( ) 2．If we sit by window of the train，we’ll have better view． A．／；the B．／；a C．the；a D．the；the ( ) 3．Is dictionary on the desk yours? No，I don’t have English-Chinese dictionary． A．the；an B．an；the C．an；an D．the；the ( ) 4．I think it’s really hard work for me to finish the job in twenty minutes． A．a B．an C．the D．/ ( ) 5．We can live a better life if we create less polluted world． A．the B．an C．a D．／ ( ) 6．What do you often do after class? We often take part in after-class activities．I like to play basketball， but my brother likes to play guitar． A．a；the B．the；the C．／；／ D．／；the ( ) 7．Emily， 11-year-old girl，can sing pop songs．She dreams of being a pop singer． A．a；number of B．a；the number of C．an；a number of D．an；the number of ( ) 8． person like him won’t be simply satisfied with progress that has been made． A．The；a B．A；the C．The；／ D．The；the ( ) 9．I can not remember when exactly the Robinsons left city．I only remember it was Sunday． A．the；a B．a；the C．a；a D． the；the ( )10．‒What do you think of the bridge? ‒Wonderful! I have never seen before． A．so a long one B．as long one C．such a long one D．a such long one ( )11．Yesterday she advised me to buy my daughter iPad as a birthday Present． useful suggestion she offered me! A．a；How B．an；What a C．an；What D．a；How a ( )12．‒Do you want to give him third chance? ‒Yes，he’s only child in the poor family． A．the；a B．the；the C．a；／ D．a；the ( )13．Before I talked with doctor，I had never met such humorous person like him． A．a；a B．the；a C．a；the D．the；the ( )14．‒Have you heard of news that Li Hong won the first prize in the match? ‒Yes，I have．What exciting news! A．the；an B．the；／ C．a；／ D．a；an ( )15. What good news! Our school band will play at Harbin Summer Concert in August. A. a B. the C./ ( )16. When you travel in Xinghua , our local guide will show you around Zheng Banqiao Memorial Hall（纪念馆）. A. a B.an C./ D. the 二、用适当的冠词“a/an/the”填空（不须填的地方用“/”） 1． boy is waiting for you at the gate. 2． earth goes round sun. 3． horse is useful animal. 4．Which subject is more difficult , maths or physics? 5．Alice is tallest girl in her class. 6． book on the desk is Jim’s. 7．Most of the students go to school by bus. 8．March 8 is _________ Women’s Day. 课后作业 一、用a , an ，the或/ 填空 1．________ earth goes around _______ sun . 2. I see _______ girl in _______ zoo. The girl wears ________ red coat. 3. Where is _________ hospital? 4. Beijing is __________ capital of China. 5. You need to take ________ umbrella with you. 6. Do you like playing __________ football or playing ______ violin ? 7. “ Lesson one ” means “________ first lesson”. 8. I like running in _______morning. 9. She likes eating hamburgers for _________ breakfast. 10. There is _______ old man and some children on ________ hill. 11. Today is __________ Mother’s Day. I bought ______ present for my mother. ________ present is _________ dress. 12. There is________ “ h ” in ________ word “ hill ”. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$