Unit 2 Morals and Virtues Discovering Useful Structures （课件）-【上好课】高一英语同步高效课堂（人教版必修第三册）

UNIT 2 Morals and Virtues Discovering Useful Structures 人教版2019必修第三册 contents Language points Lead in V–ing form as the Adverbial V–ing form as the Object Complement Homework Learning Aims to learn some new words and expressions for morals and virtues in context; to master the usages of V-ing forms serving as the Adverbial and the Object Complement; to use V-ing forms freely in communication and writing. Language points Core Vocabulary Explanation 拓展：carry out 实施；履行；执行 carry on 开展，坚持，继续 carry through 顺利完成，进行到底 carry forward 继承，弘扬 Exercise： ① Her confidence and self-discipline helped _______ her ________. ② She needed a clear head to _________ her instructions. ③ You will wear yourself out of you _________ working so hard. carry through carry out carry on 1. carry sb through sth 帮助某人渡过难关 Core Vocabulary Explanation 拓展：the majority of... 大多数…… major adj. 主要的，重要的，大的vi. 主修 major in 主修…… minority n. 少数 minor adj. 次要的；较少的；轻微的 2. majority n. 大部分；大多数 Exercise： The ________ (major) of the people in that region have been affected by severe flood. An agreement (协议) seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members ________ (be) against it. The country is where Lenovo derives 45 percent of its revenue and _____________ (大多数) the citizens live in tents. Should I transfer to another college, or _________ (主修) English? majority are the majority of major in Core Vocabulary Explanation 2. majority n. 大部分；大多数 7 Core Vocabulary Explanation 拓展：complaint n. 抱怨 make a complaint to sb. about sth. 向某人抱怨某事 complain(to sb) about/of(doing) sth… （向某人）抱怨某事 complain (to sb.) that+句子 （向某人）抱怨…… 3. complain vi.& vt. 抱怨；发牢骚 Core Vocabulary Explanation Exercise： Lots of people have complained ________ the noise. If the service was so bad why didn’t you complain ______ the manager? I’ve made a __________ (complain) to the police about the noise. She ____________________ (向我抱怨说) no one could tell her the feature of the house. about to complaint complained to me that 3. complain vi.& vt. 抱怨；发牢骚 Core Vocabulary Explanation 拓展：respond to sb/sth　　 回答，回复；对……做出反应 response n. 反应；回答；回复 in response to 作为对……的答复/反应 make a response (to...) (对……)做出回应/反应 4. respond vt. 回答；回复 vi. 做出反应；回应 Core Vocabulary Explanation Exercise： After all, knowing basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly ________ emergencies. He knocked on the door but there was no ________ (respond). The government is due ________ (make) its formal response to the commission’s proposals in two months. Beckham’s spokesman told the BBC he had no comment to make _______ response. to response to make in 4. respond vt. 回答；回复 vi. 做出反应；回应 Core Vocabulary Explanation 拓展：reject one’s idea/suggestion/plan 拒绝接受某人的想法/建议/计划 reject a proposal/decision/an argument 拒绝一个提议/决定/论点 rejection n. 拒绝接受；否决 5. reject vt. 拒绝接受；不录用 词语辨析：reject与refuse (1) reject vt.正式用词，“摒弃，不采用，不使用”，不接不定式作宾语。 (2) refuse vi. & vt.普通用词，“拒绝”，可接不定式作宾语。 Core Vocabulary Explanation Exercise： He __________ (reject) from the factory because of laziness. Although writing a ________ (reject) letter can be difficult, there are situations where it’s absolutely necessary. I absolutely ________ (refuse/reject) to take part in anything that’s illegal. was rejected rejection refuse 5. reject vt. 拒绝接受；不录用 Core Vocabulary Explanation 拓展：① tend (to) sb/sth: 照料某人/某事 = look after = take (good) care of ② tend to do sth: 易于做某事；往往会发生某事 = have a tendency to do 6. tend vt. 照顾；照料　vi.倾向；趋于 Core Vocabulary Explanation Exercise： That is, they tend ________ (say) what must be, not what to do. Old people and children tend _____________(cheat) in our life. There is a growing _______ to regard money more highly than quality of life. She had to ______ her husband because he was ill for a long time. to say to be cheated tendency tend 6. tend vt. 照顾；照料　vi.倾向；趋于 Core Vocabulary Explanation 拓展：assist sb. in/with sth. 帮助/援助某人某事 assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事 assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 (1) assistance n. 帮助，援助，支持 come to one’s assistance 前来援助 (2) assistant n. 助手，助理 7. assist vt. 帮助；援助 Core Vocabulary Explanation Exercise： The bus driver _________ the old lady off the bus. He _________ me ______ the design of a new bridge. We will spare no efforts to________ him ________ solving this problem. Conducting an operation will ________ the old man __________ (recover) quickly. assisted assisted in assist in assist to recover 7. assist vt. 帮助；援助 Core Vocabulary Explanation 拓展：1) appoint sb to do sth 任命某人做某事 appoint sb as/to be... 任命某人当什么 2) appointment n.任命; 预约; 约会; 委任 make/have an appointment(with sb) (与某人)预约/约会 keep/break an appointment 守约/失约 8. appoint v. 任命；委派 1) It made sense to appoint a patient woman ________ (deal) with this matter. 2) Salmon，disabled，is attended throughout her school days by a nurse ____________ (appoint) to guard her. 3) To his joy，he _________________ (appoint) as a manager.After all, this represented his ability. Exercise： It made sense to appoint a patient woman ________ (deal) with this matter. Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse ____________ (appoint) to guard her. To his joy, he _________________ (appoint) as a manager. After all, this represented his ability. to deal appointed was appointed 8. appoint v. 任命；委派 Core Vocabulary Explanation 词语积累： harmful adj. 有害的 be harmful to … 对……有害 harmless adj. 无害的 be harmless to… 对……无害 拓展: be of great harm 危害极大的 do harm to sb./sth. (=do sb./sth. harm)对某人/某物有害 There is no harm in (one’s) doing sth. = There is no harm (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)做某事无妨/无害 9. harm n.& vt. 伤害；损害 词语积累： harmful adj. 有害的 be harmful to… 对……有害 harmless adj. 无害的 be harmless to… 对……无害 Core Vocabulary Explanation 词语积累： harmful adj. 有害的 be harmful to … 对……有害 harmless adj. 无害的 be harmless to… 对……无害 Exercise： The court case will do serious harm _____ my business. Staying up too late will be ____ great harm to one’s health. They are not always willing to take on untrained workers, but there’s no harm _____ asking. Water is not an effective shield against the sun’s more _______ (harm) rays. to of in harmful 9. harm n.& vt. 伤害；损害 Core Vocabulary Explanation _____ adj. 道德上的；道义上的→ _______ adj.不道德的 ________ vt.说明；阐明；给……插图 → _________ n.图解；图示 ______ n. 婚姻→ _________v. 结婚→_________ adj. 已婚的 _________ n. 大多数 →________adj.重要的；主修的 ________ vt.vi. 抱怨；发牢骚 → _________ n. 抱怨；不满 ________ vt. 回答；vi.做出反应 →__________ n. 反应；回答 moral immoral illustrate illustration marry married marriage majority major complain complaint respond response Key Vocabulary Variation _________n.医师→_______n.物理学→_________adj.身体的 ________vt. 拒绝接受；不录用 →_________n.拒绝接受；否决 _______vt.任命；委派 →__________n.约会，预约；任命，任职 _________vt. 选举；推选 →___________n. 选举；当选 _____vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于 →________n. 趋势；倾向 _____vt.vi.退休；引退→______adj.退休的→_________n.退休 physician physics physical reject rejection appoint appointment election elect tend tendency retire retired retirement Key Vocabulary Variation ______v.使害怕→________adj.（人）害怕的→______n.害怕 _____adj. 急剧的；锋利的；明显的→_________adv.急剧地；严厉地→_________ vt.削尖；磨快 _________n. 精力；能量→___________adj.精力充沛的 ________vt. 经营；运行；操作；vi.运行；起作用；动手术 →_________ n.手术；经营→_______n.话务员；操作员；经营者 _____vt.帮助；援助→__________n.帮助；协助；援助 →___________n.助手；助理 scare scared sharp sharply sharpen energetic energy operation operator operate assistance assist assistant scary Key Vocabulary Variation ___________n. 记忆→___________v. 记忆 ______ n. vt. 伤害；损害→________adj. 有害的 ________adj. 灵活的；可变通的→_________n. 柔韧性；灵活性→__________adj. 不灵活的；不可变通的 _________n. 紧张关系；紧张→_______adj. 拉紧的 memory memorize harmful harm flexible flexiblity inflexible tension tense II. Key Vocabulary Variation Conflicts involving choices that have moral implications are known as ________________(道德困境). The supports from his family and friends _________ him __________ the hard times.(渡过难关) You can apply for a loan or take a part-time job to earn some money in order to pay for your ________________(学费). You’ll __________(倾向于做)the same activity for the rest of the day. _________(急救) requires rapid assessment of victims to decide whether life-threatening conditions exist. moral dilemmas carried through tuition fees tend to do First aid Phrase Evaluation 26 ‘_______________ (去世)’ is a euphemism (委婉语) for ‘die’. Xin Qiji wrote a poem ______________ (作为对……纪念)his wife. She ____________ (被绊倒) which made her knees black and blue. The electrician broke down ________(含着泪) as one witness said he “loved her 100%”. Millions of Americans are already ______________ (绝望地), staring at piles of receipts and papers from last year. The judicial(司法的) view has caused ______________ (大量的) discussion within the Hong Kong community. Pass away in memory of tripped over in tears in despair a great deal of Phrase Evaluation 27 Give people advice for free, and they will ___________________ (有……的趋势) ignore it. Please contact my secretary to _____________________ (预约). “I believe that sometimes you have to______________ (响应) what the team needs, ” said the 60-year-old. These data clearly show ______________ (大多数) consumers had tremendous confidence in the Toyota brand. Yet the truth is, stay-at-home mothers who spend their time perfecting cookie recipes are no longer ______________ (占多数). have a tendency to make an appiontment respond to the majority of in the majority Phrase Evaluation 28 Discovering Useful Structures V-ing Form serving as the Adverbial and the Object Complement V-ing作状语&宾补 Lead-in Lead-in 我们常说的现在分词和动名词是怎么回事？ 现在分词和动名词都是由动词末尾加 -ing 形式构成，因此统称为动词的 -ing 形式。 Lead-in 1. Playing with fire is dangerous. 主语 2. Peppa and George always love jumping in muddy puddles. 3. His hobby is dressing up as a girl. 4. The lady doing the live broadcast is called Qiao Biluo. 表语 观察下面句子并分析画线部分在句中所作的成分： 定语 宾语 Lead-in 观察下面句子并分析画线部分在句中所作的成分： 5. Looking down at her phone as she walked, she hit the door. 6. The head teacher saw Li Ming playing with smart phone in the classroom. 宾语补足语 状语 summarize：v-ing可以作--- 主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾补 V–ing form as the Adverbial (V-ing用作状语) 什么是状语？ V–ing form as the Adverbial eg: 1. I am very happy. He runs slowly. 2. He works hard to make money. 3. When I have time, I will go shopping with you. 词 短语 句子 修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句的词，短语或句子（状语从句）,表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。 35 Eg: Walking in the park, she saw an old friend. V–ing作时间状语，相当于“when, while, until”等词引导的时间状语从句。 V–ing作时间状语： walk的动作是由其逻辑主语“she”发出，与句子的主语she一致，且构成主动关系，所以用动词-ing形式。 ＝When/while she was walking in the park, she saw an old friend. Eg: Being ill, he couldn’t go to school. V–ing作原因状语，可转换为由since, because或as引导的原因状语从句，这类状语多放在句子的前半部分。 V–ing作原因状语： Be ill是其逻辑主语“he”的状态，与句子的主语he一致，且构成主动关系，所以用动词-ing形式。 ＝As he was ill, he couldn’t go to school. Eg: Working hard, you’ll make great progress. V–ing作条件状语时，可转换为if, once或unless等引导的条件状语从句。 V–ing作条件状语： Work的动作是由其逻辑主语“you”发出，与句子的主语you一致，且构成主动关系，所以用动词-ing形式。 ＝If you work hard, you’ll make great progress. Eg: Working or reading, she always did her best. V–ing作让步状语时，相当于一个以though/although引导的让步状语从句。 V–ing作让步状语： Work or read的动作是由其逻辑主语“she”发出，与句子的主语she一致，且构成主动关系，所以用动词-ing形式。 ＝Whether she worked or read, she always did her best. Eg: 1. Please answer the question using another way. V–ing作方式状语时，表示谓语动词发生的某种方式，经常可以换成介词by短语。 V–ing作方式状语： ＝Please answer the question in another way. 2. Using a stick, the painter drew a picture on the ground. ＝The painter drew a picture on the ground by using a stick. Eg: 1. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. V–ing作结果\伴随状语时，说明动作发生的结果和情况,相当于一个以and或so连接的并列句。 V–ing作结果\伴随状语： 结果 ＝His parents died and left him an orphan. ＝Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book. Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book. 伴随 1. 为使动词-ing作状语所表达的时间，条件，让步等更明确,可在V-ing形式前加上适当的连词(when, while, though, unless, if, even if等)。 Eg：① Don’t talk while having dinner. ② Once losing this chance, you can’t easily find it. V–ing作状语---特殊要点1 2.动词-ing形式作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。 Eg： ① Looking out of the window, the garden was beautiful.  Looking out of the window, we found the garden beautiful. ② While reading the book, the telephone rang.  While she was reading the book, the telephone rang. V–ing作状语---特殊要点2 (do) his homework, he rushed out to play basketball. 3.当V--ing表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前时,应使用完成式: having done. 否定式在前加not。 Eg： ①做完了作业，他冲出去打篮球。 V–ing作状语---特殊要点3 Having done ②由于没有认真学习，他考试失败了。 his lessons very hard, he failed the test. （先做完作业，再去打篮球） （先没有认真学习,才考试失败） Not having studied 4.当V-ing与句子的主语存在逻辑上的动宾关系时，V-ing要用被动形式：being done（一般式），having been done（完成式）。 ② Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. V–ing作状语---特殊要点4 Eg： ① Being questioned by the teacher, she felt very upset. question和主语she是动宾关系 criticize和主语he是动宾关系，且criticize发生在gave up smoking之前，所以用完成式的被动。 5. V–ing 用于某些固定搭配中，表示说话人的态度，观点等，如: generally speaking, frankly/honestly speaking, judging by/from, considering/seeing, supposing等，不用考虑其和主语的关系。 Eg：① Generally speaking, girls are more careful than boys. ② Supposing it rains, we will put off the sports meeting. ③Judging from his accent, he must be from the north. V–ing作状语---特殊要点5 ② ______ from the top of the mountain, we find the city beautiful.(see) ______ from the top of the mountain, the city looks beautiful.(see) 6.现在分词和过去分词做状语的区别： 过去分词与句子的主语之间在逻辑上的_______关系，即表________; 现在分词与句子的主语之间在逻辑上的_______关系，即表________; 被动 动宾 主谓 主动 V–ing作状语---特殊要点6 Eg： ① __________for a long time, the watch looks old.(use) __________the watch, I find it very useful.(use) Used Using Seeing Seen Summarize 3.特殊 要点 1.概念： V-ing 作状语 2.用法 时间状语 原因状语 结果状语 方式状语 伴随状语 让步状语 条件状语 ①V-ing形式前加上适当的连词 ②V-ing逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致 ③完成式：having done ④被动形式：being done, having been done ⑤固定搭配 ⑥现在分词和过去分词做状语的区别： 修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句的词，短语或句子 Hearing the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai. Being tired, I stopped to have a rest. The snow lasted a week, resulting in serious traffic confusion in the whole area. Complete the following sentences using suitable verbs from the text. She stood there, listening to the wind and watching the rain. Admitting what she has said, I still think that she hasn’t tried her best. 时间状语 原因状语 结果状语 方式状语 伴随状语 一 .分析现在分词在句中的功能 让步状语 V–ing作状语---Exercise ____________(try) many times, he still couldn’t overcome the difficulties. ____________(eat) at the cafeteria before, Tina didn’t want to eat there again. Unless ______(see) the changes with your own eyes, you will never believe their greatness. His car broke down on the way, thus ________(cause) him to be late for the election. Tom walked away, __________(complain) about the cold weather. 二.用所给词的适当形式填空。 complaining V–ing作状语---Exercise Having tried Having eaten seeing causing V–ing form as the Object Complement (V-ing用作宾补) V-ing形式作宾补时，宾语和宾补之间是主谓关系（即宾语是其逻辑上的主语），表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。 We can see a boy singing in the picture. V–ing作宾补 Eg： 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 V–ing作宾补 一、V–ing在感官动词后作宾语补足语。 V–ing在感官动词see, hear, feel, smell, watch, notice等后作宾补，表示动作_________，并非全过程。宾语和宾补之间是______关系。 Eg：I felt someone patting me on the shoulder. 我感觉有人正在拍我的肩膀。 宾语 宾补 主动关系，正在进行 docerID:327037375 正在进行 主动 Eg：①I saw him run across the road. ②I saw him running across the road. V–ing作宾补 ①V–ing表示动作 ； ②用省略to的不定式时，表示动作从开始到结束的 。 我看到他跑过了马路。 我看见他正跑过马路。 强调整个过程 强调正在进行 正在进行 全过程 [特别提示]V–ing和不定式在感官动词后作宾语补足语的区别： Eg: We saw the thief _________ by the police. (catch) caught V–ing作宾补 ①V–ing在感官动词后作宾补，与宾语构成 关系； ②V-ed在感官动词后作宾补，与宾语构成 关系。 被动 主动 We saw the police __________ the thief. (catch) 警察抓小偷，主动关系 小偷被抓，被动关系 [特别提示]V–ing和V-ed在感官动词后作宾语补足语的区别： catching V–ing作宾补 二、V–ing在使役动词后作宾语补足语。 使役动词have，keep，get，leave等接V­ing形式作宾语补足语，表示“让……一直做某事” Eg：Don’t keep the water running. 不要让水一直流着。 宾语 宾补 主动关系，水一直流 V–ing作宾补 三、V–ing在with的复合结构（with＋宾语＋宾补）中作宾补，表示V–ing的动作正在进行或者与宾语构成主动关系。 Eg：With so many people looking at her, she felt nervous. 这么多人看着她，她感到很紧张。 宾语 宾补 主动关系 Summarize 3.V–ing在with的复合结构中作宾补 1.V–ing在感官动词后作宾语补足语 V-ing 作宾补 2.V–ing在使役动词后作宾语补足语 V–ing和不定式在感官动词后作宾语补足语的区别 V–ing和V-ed在感官动词后作宾语补足语的区别 宾语和宾补之间是主谓关系 用所给词的适当形式填空。 When I was on my way to school this morning, I saw two women ________ (sell) lanterns. The operator left hurriedly with the machine ________ (run). On the bank of the river, we found him ________ (put) on a tent, with a dog ________ (lie) on the grass. Peter, a colleague of mine, was standing on the bridge and watching boats ________ (pass) by. selling running putting lying passing Exercise Don’t leave her ________ (wait) outside in the rain. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice ________ (call) him. With the pianist _____________ (perform) music on the stage, the atmosphere is quite romantic. When I came in, I saw Linda ____________ (whisper) to Danny. The sound of the gun made the birds ______ (fly) away. I can’t get the car _________.(work) waiting calling performing whispering flying working Exercise Homework … her brother complained, thinking of the high tuition fees. Thinking of all the people still in need of help, Dr Lin opened a private clinic. The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role. 1. Read the sentences below and discuss the functions and meanings of the italicised -ing form. Homework V–ing as the adverbial（状语） V–ing as the adverbial（状语） V–ing as the adverbial（宾补） Homework __________ that his wife had been injured in an accident, Mr. Johnson hurried to the hospital. During the operation, she sat in the waiting room for over an hour ___________ about him. I saw her whispering something into his ear, obviously not __________ to be heard. He suddenly woke up at midnight when he heard someone ____________ at his door. 2. Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs. feel want face smile return worry hear knock Hearing worrying wanting knocking 非谓，表主动，做时间状语 非谓，表主动，做伴随状语 非谓，表主动，做原因状语 非谓，表主动，做宾语补足语 Homework ________ higher import and export costs, the company is looking for ways to survive. __________ from the North Pole, the traveller wrote a book about his experience and had it published the following year. The child lay on her mother’s lap, __________sweetly. 8. _________ hurt by the rejection, she bit her lip and quietly walked away. Facing Returning smiling Feeling feel want face smile return worry hear knock 非谓，表主动，做原因状语 非谓，表主动，做时间状语 非谓，表主动，做伴随状语 非谓，表主动，做时间状语 Homework 3. Read the following story and rewrite the underlined parts using the -ing form. ①As a small boy, he became very interested in medicine and decided to become a doctor. ②In 1938, Bethune left for China, after he heard that many people were dying in the war. Homework As a small boy, he became very interested in medicine, deciding to become a doctor. In 1938, Bethune left for China, after hearing that many people were dying in the war. 3. Read the following story and rewrite the underlined parts using the -ing form. ③ He helped to organise hospitals, taught doctors and nurses, and showed people how to give first aid. ④ After Dr Bethune’s death, Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in memory of him, in which he praised Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China. He helped to organise hospitals, teaching doctors and nurses, and showing people how to give first aid. …, praising Dr Bethune as a hero to be remembered in China. Homework 3. Read the following story and rewrite the underlined parts using the -ing form. Thank you for your attention! $$