精品解析：上海市宝山区上海大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中英语考试卷

2024学年第一学期上大附中高三英语期中考试 (试卷满分115分，完卷时间105分钟) II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Should Children Ban Their Parents from Social Media? It might be taken for granted — but no previous generation of children will have had the experience of having their entire childhoods intensively and publicly documented in this way. Actually, the very first people to have had some of their childhood pictures ___1___ (post) online are not always happy about their formative years being preserved in digital world. Parents may not realize it, but by posing photos and videos of their children online, they are creating an identity for their children ___2___ might not be welcomed. Lucy is good example. She said she had asked her dad to de-tag her from stuff that doesn’t necessarily represent ___3___ I am now. That’s not something I’d want to remember every time I log on to Facebook . . . It isn’t the best memories, which is the way you’d like to reveal ___4___ on social media. Stories about online privacy are often about children and teenagers being warned of the dangers of ___5___ (publish) too much personal information online. But in this case it’s their parents who are in the spotlight. For some parents, stating option is avoiding social media altogether. Kasia Kurowska from Newcastle is expecting her first child in June and has agreed not to document her children’s life online ___6___ her children are old enough to make their own decisions about social media. But she had two big concerns about her plan. Firstly, the approach may be difficult ___7___ (impose). ’When their auntie comes round and takes a picture, we’re going to have to be like police, saying, please don’t put these on Facebook. And secondly, the child ___8___ dislike not owning an online presence, especially if all of their friends do. But I ___9___ (keep) a digital record of them. It just won’t have been shared on a platform ___10___ the public.’ Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only by used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. invasion B. combinations C. attitudes D. uniqueness E. revealed F. statistical G. inspired H. normally I. definitely J opposite K. accounted Better think twice before choosing a password for email, online bank accounts and airline tickets. Passwords that show no imagination or ___11___ are easy prey (猎物) for information pirates, a new US study says. A ___12___ analysis of 28,000 passwords recently stolen from a popular US website and posted on the Internet ___13___ that people often do the easy thing. It found that 16 percent took a first name as a password, ___14___ their own or one of their children, according to the study released by Information Week. Another 14 percent relied on the easiest ___15___, such as ‘1234ab’ or ‘12345678abc’. For those using English keyboards, OWERTY’ was popular. Likewise, ‘AZERTY’ scored with people with European keyboards. Five percent of the stolen passwords were names of television shows or stars popular with young people like ‘hannah, ___16___ by singer Hannah Montana. ‘Pokemon,’ ‘Matrix,’ and ‘Ironman’ were others. The word ‘password,’ or easy to guess variations like ‘password 1’, ___17___ for 4 percent, while 3 percent of the passwords expressed ___18___ like ‘I don’t care,’ ‘Whatever,’ ‘Yes’ or ‘No’. There were sentimental choices —‘I love you’ — and their ___19___— ‘I hate you.’ Robert Graham, of the company Errata Security, which did the analysis and published the conclusions, advises that to better protect against cyber ___20___ we should choose a password that is longer than eight characters with one capital letter and one symbol. III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank the word or phrase that best fits the context. To Apologize or Not to Apologize Why difficult? When we do wrong to someone we know, even not ___21___, we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situation. But when we’re acting as leaders, the circumstances are ___22___. The act of apology is carried out not merely at the level of the ___23___ but also at the level of the institution. It is a performance in which every word or expression ___24___, as they become part of the public record. Refusing to apologize can be smart, or it can be stupid. So, readiness to apologize can be seen as a sign of strong character or as sign of weakness. Who now? The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more ___25___. During the last decade or so, the United States in particular has developed an apology culture — apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more ___26___ than before. More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of public apologies. Meanwhile, more and more articles, advice columns, and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of ___27___ apologies. Although they are not carried out openly, we can’t ___28___ the significance of its effect. Why ___29___? Why do we apologize? Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult, embarrassing, and even risky? Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target for ___30___. They are expected to appear strong and capable. And whenever they make public statements of any kind, their individual and institutional reputations are in danger. Clearly, then, leaders should not apologize often. For a leader to express apology, there needs to be a strong ___31___. Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so. Why refuse? Why is it that leaders so often try every means to ___32___ apologies, even when a public apology seems to be in order? Their reasons be individual or institutional. Because leaders are public figures, their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even ___33___ risky. Apologies can be signals for admitting mistakes and mistakes can be an indication of job insecurity. Leaders may also be afraid that ___34___ of a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible. There can be good reasons for hanging tough (硬撑) in tough situations, as we shall see, but it is a high-risk ___35___. 21. A. immediately B. intentionally C. occasionally D. accidentally 22. A. simple B. ridiculous C. abnormal D. different 23. A. individual B. company C. family D. society 24. A. conflicts B. matters C. appeals D. deceives 25. A. urgent B. risky C. boring D. simple 26. A. increasingly B. patiently C. frequently D. hopefully 27. A. sincere B. acceptable C. positive D. private 28 A. identify B. attribute C. neglect D. reveal 29. A. bother B. reduce C. regret D. ignore 30. A. promotion B. criticism C. appreciation D. identification 31. A. personality B. will C. reason D. desire 32. A. express B. involve C. commit D. avoid 33. A. politically B. professionally C. academically D. physically 34. A. avoidance B. admission C. involvement D. elimination 35 A. fulfillment B. statement C. occupation D. strategy Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Almost half a million young oak (橡树) trees have been saved after The Times revealed they were due to be destroyed because of delays in government help to create more woodland. A tree nursery said in March that it had been unable to find buyers for the one and two-year-old seedlings of England’s national tree. Maelor Forest Nurseries near Wrexham spent two years looking after 500,000 seedlings, expecting a great increase in demand after government promises to increase tree planting. Demand failed to materialize and the company said it planned to destroy the trees, partly blaming difficulties land owners faced in obtaining subsidies to fund the work. After The Times reported on the plan, dozens of charities, community groups and individuals all over the country got in touch with Maelor to ask if they could help. “The nursery discounted the price per tree from 35 — 40 pence to 20 pence and sold nearly all of the 500,000 it had been planning to destroy. Thanks largely to the article in The Times only a small percentage had to be destroyed,” said Mike Harvey, Maelor’s managing director. “We are delighted that these oak saplings (幼树) have found good homes. We were frustrated at the prospect of having to destroy plants which we had spent two years growing only to find they were being left without a future for reasons beyond our control.” Mr Harvey said the largest order, for 30,000 oaks, had come from Extinction Rebellion Rewilding, an offshoot of the climate change campaign group. It launched a campaign called Save the Oaks which raised £10,000 through a crowdfunding appeal to purchase and plant trees that had been due to be destroyed. Jethro Gauld, one of the organisers of the planting in Cambridgeshire, said, “We wanted to do something to prevent such a massive waste of saplings and help create a good news story to benefit local people and wildlife. ” Natasha Somers, a volunteer for Save the Oaks, said, “The support we’ve seen shows how a community can come together in difficult times. It’s clear that people want to act for a better future, one where humanity and nature are connected.” 36. The underlined word ‘subsidies’ is closest in meaning to ‘________’. A. equipment B. technical support C. confidence D. financial aid 37. What had Maelor Forest Nurseries planned to do before The Times reported on their plan? A. To reduce the price of the seedlings. B. To ruin the trees it had taken care of. C. To wait for government help to arrive. D To count the number of oak trees in Britain. 38. What happened to the 500,000 saplings at last? A. Most of them were sold out. B. Most of them were thrown away. C. They were replanted to Cambridgeshire. D. They were donated to a campaign group. 39. What is the passage mainly about? A. A prospective approach to planting. B. A nationwide effort to save oak trees. C. A tree nursery devoted to preserving endangered trees. D. A species of trees that are threatened with extinction. (B) ALCS NEWS Autumn 2021 Mavis Cheek (born 1948) is an English novelist, author of 15 novels. Mavis Cheek in conversation about her writing life Q: What initially inspired you to become a writer? A: Being unqualified to do any other job was a great help – or rather spur (激励). If I’d been able to be a secretary or a typist, for example, then economics might well have overtaken me in the years I spent improving my craft and trying to get published. Of course, the great inspiration was having my daughter and wanting to be at home with the baby while using my brain. Q: What’s been your most exciting book and why? A: My latest Amenable Women, from the point of view of all the research I had to do – which I hugely enjoyed, by the way. The most exciting book to have published was my first (Pause Between Acts, 1988), which had absolutely wonderful reviews everywhere (except the New York Times – and I didn’t mind that at all – just to be in the NYT was thrilling). It gave me extreme excitement, when the first of those came out. Q: You once said that “any writer with a mortgage (贷款) never gets writer’s block”. Do your views differ now you have had 12 commercially successful books? If so, why? A: I still think that one of the best (and worst) spurs to writing and for continuing to write is a requirement to earn a living. The road to publication is littered with the corpses (尸体) of would-be authors who can’t make it to the second or third book. I’ve just recently been sent a new novel by a really good author who were less successful for years and I am sure it was largely due to her having a private income. Believe me, if I didn’t have a mortgage in the bank, I’d be lying on Greek beach right now, not struggling to make sense of yet another novel. Q: The more successful you become, do you find it harder to come up with concepts for a new novel? A: It’s harder to believe you are getting better at the job, though obviously that’s what I and most writers want. Basically, we compete with ourselves while trying to continue pleasing our audience. Finding new ways of pleasing the readers one more time gets harder— at least for me. I always have to start with an idea that’s suddenly entered my head, and which won’t go away. Currently I’m suffered by thoughts of truth and how hard it is to maintain in an ordinary life. 40. What encouraged Mavis Cheek to become a writer? A. The expectation of the worthy financial rewards. B. The desire to combine the role of a mother and a career. C. The established idea of gaining reputation of a famous writer. D. The wish of encouraging people through the power of literature. 41. Overall, Mavis Cheek describes the writing profession as ______. A. motivating but struggling B. respectable but impersonal C. stressful and unfulfilling D. exciting and financially rewarding 42. According to the passage, which of the following is true? A. Mavis Cheek had earned a lot before she became a writer. B. The income from writing has removed Mavis Cheek’s material worries. C. Mavis Cheek’s career once almost came to an end due to unfavorable comments. D. Successful as she is, Mavis Cheek still feels it hard to satisfy the readers continuously. (C) Stonehenge（巨石阵）may have been a prehistoric health center rather than a site for observing stars or a temple in honor of the dead, scientists said yesterday. New evidence unearthed at the World Heritage Site in more than 40 years suggests that the monument was a place where the diseased and injured went in groups, seeking cures. After a two-week dig, scientists have concluded that Stonehenge was “the ancient healthcare centre of southern England” because of the existence of “bluestones”---the smaller columns of dolerite（辉绿岩）that formed an earlier stone structure. By dating pieces of remains to around 7330BC, Tim Darvill, of Bournemouth University, and Goff Wainwright, of the Society of Amtiquaries have found that hunter-gatherers were at the site on Salisbury Plain 4,000 years earlier than thought. The first stage of Stonehenge, a round earthwork structure, was built around 3000BC. Professor Wainwright added: “I did not expect the degree of complexity we discovered. We’re able to say so much more about when Stonehenge was built and why---all of which changes our previous understanding of the monument.” The research reveals the importance of the henge’s famous bluestones. Hundreds of bluestone chips gathered at the site have led the team to conclude that the bluestones were valued for their curing effects---the key reason that about 80 of them, each weighing up to 4 tons and a half, were dragged more than 150 miles from the Preseli Hills to Wiltshire. After years of research, Professors Darvill and Wainwright have concluded that, for thousands of years, the Preseli mountain range was home to magical health centers and holy wells. Even today there are those who believe in the curing powers of the springs for coughs and heart disease, and people who use crystals and bluestones for self-curing. Radiocarbon tests have also revealed that the construction of the original bluestone circle took place around 2300BC, three centuries later than originally thought. Interestingly, on the same day died the “Amesbury Archer”---a sick traveler from the Swiss or German Alps who had an infected knee---whose remains were discovered about five miles from Stonehenge. The professors believe that he was a devoted religious person who was hoping to benefit from the curing powers of the monument. 43. Stonehenge is recently believed to be a place for people . A. to recover from poor health B. to observe star movements C. to hold religious ceremonies D. to gather huge bluestones 44. What can be inferred about Stonehenge from the passage? A. The springs could cure coughs and heart disease best. B. The new discovery was the same as what had been expected. C. Some huge bluestones were not produced at Stonehenge. D. The original bluestone circle was thought to be constructed around 2000BC. 45. The sick traveler in the passage is supposed to be A. a devoted religious person from Stonehenge B one of the earliest discoverers of Stonehenge C. the first explorer to test the magical power of bluestones D. a patient trying to cure his infection at Stonehenge 46. Which the following might be the best title for the passage? A. Stonehenge: A New Place of Interest B. Stonehenge: Still Making News C. Stonehenge: Heaven for Adventurers D. Stonehenge: Still Curing Patients Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Big Questions from Mike Brown Mike Brown killed Pluto (冥王星). He had his reasons. But the astronomer did not set out to reclassify the solar system’s ninth planet as a dwarf (矮星). Brown was interested in the Kuiper Belt, a region of icy comets and asteroids (彗星和星云) beyond Neptune’s orbit. ___47___. Brown was correct. Analyzing images from a nearby observatory, he and his team identified a number of new Kuiper Belt Objects. Brown found these bodies by investigating a massive number of images taken by a telescope at a nearby observatory. When comparing images from different times, Brown discovered that a planet’s position will change from one exposure to the next. ___48___ One of the Kuiper Bet Objects he identified, Eris, is the most massive celestial (天空的) body found in the solar system in more than a century. Since Eris was more massive than Pluto, astronomers soon began debating what it means to be a planet, a question that astronomers had considered long settled. ___49___ The Kuiper Belt has been in a deep freeze for the past four-and-a-half-billion years, Brown says. ’We are basically looking back to the earliest history of the solar system. ’Since then, Brown has discovered hundreds more Kuiper Belt Objects. ‘Every single time,’ Brown says, ‘there’s this little charge of,’ Oh my God, this little ice ball at the edge of the solar system has never before been seen by human eyes until this very moment. ‘And that is always a moving experience.’ ___50___ However, he managed to tear himself away to discuss the next big mysteries in our comer of the universe, including why our solar system is such an oddball, and where we might finally find Planet 9. A. To identify objects that might be planets, he says, ‘I simply look for things that move.’ B. Their orbits are not random. C. Pluto lost, but science won. D. To me, the search for Planet 9 is the continuation of what humans have done forever. E. ‘I wanted to understand what was there,’ Brown says, ‘I thought there were probably new planets still to find.’ F. Brown is still busy investigating the outer solar system. IV. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Is Leather Good or Not? For thousands of years, humans have used leather to make everything from clothing to furniture to footwear. The skin of animals is a material that is strong, hard-wearing and flexible. These qualities make leather a popular material for many different products, but more people are becoming concerned about the potential harm caused by items they buy. Should we respect ancient traditions or is having real leather not as important as it used to be? The treatment of animals raised for their skins is a massive issue. According to the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), more than 2.29 billion cows, pigs and goats are killed each year for their hides. This does not include the animal skin of fancier leather products, such as sheep, crocodiles, kangaroos and lizards. There’s also an environmental problem. Producing leather is a very polluting process, because it requires treating the skins with chemicals. During the procedure, called tanning, chemicals change the fibres (纤维) inside the leather, making it tougher. A tanning facility uses more than 60,000 litres of water for every tonne of leather produced. It uses huge amounts of poisonous chemicals, including substances containing heavy metals such as chromium, which when washed out ends up in nearby soil and drinking water that people use. However, the making of leather is not entirely negative. Selling animal skin is a key source of income for remote populations such as the Inuit people in Canada. Every day, cows, pigs and goats are killed for their meat to be sold in supermarkets. It’s respectful not to waste anything, and without leather their skins would have to be buried or burned. Although there are alternatives to leather, some of these fabrics are only 85% to 90% biodegradable (可生物降解的). Vegan leather can be made from plastics which take years to biodegrade, so it’s actually worse for the planet. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第II卷 I. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 在这次活动中，孩子们对书法、剪纸很感兴趣。(appeal) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 53. 这个项目旨在增进高中生对于AI的理解，培养对高科技产品的兴趣。(intend) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 54. 值得一提的是，当地政府正在积极采取措施，解决大学毕业生的就业问题，得到了市民的高度赞誉。(What) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 作为年轻一代，我们曾迷茫，曾沮丧，但我们不会失去对于生活的热情，因为我们一直期待遇到更好的自己。(frustrate) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________ II. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in at least 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学高三学生李明，由于临近高考，同学们普遍反映压力较大，学校在考虑是否需要每周开设一节心理课，学校领导为此听取全校学生的意见。写一封邮件给领导，内容须包括： 1. 对于是否需要开设心理课程给出你的观点和理由。 2. 如果开设心理课，你希望老师给你们带来什么样的内容? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024学年第一学期上大附中高三英语期中考试 (试卷满分115分，完卷时间105分钟) II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Should Children Ban Their Parents from Social Media? It might be taken for granted — but no previous generation of children will have had the experience of having their entire childhoods intensively and publicly documented in this way. Actually, the very first people to have had some of their childhood pictures ___1___ (post) online are not always happy about their formative years being preserved in digital world. Parents may not realize it, but by posing photos and videos of their children online, they are creating an identity for their children ___2___ might not be welcomed. Lucy is good example. She said she had asked her dad to de-tag her from stuff that doesn’t necessarily represent ___3___ I am now. That’s not something I’d want to remember every time I log on to Facebook . . . It isn’t the best memories, which is the way you’d like to reveal ___4___ on social media. Stories about online privacy are often about children and teenagers being warned of the dangers of ___5___ (publish) too much personal information online. But in this case it’s their parents who are in the spotlight. For some parents, stating option is avoiding social media altogether. Kasia Kurowska from Newcastle is expecting her first child in June and has agreed not to document her children’s life online ___6___ her children are old enough to make their own decisions about social media. But she had two big concerns about her plan. Firstly, the approach may be difficult ___7___ (impose). ’When their auntie comes round and takes a picture, we’re going to have to be like police, saying, please don’t put these on Facebook. And secondly, the child ___8___ dislike not owning an online presence, especially if all of their friends do. But I ___9___ (keep) a digital record of them. It just won’t have been shared on a platform ___10___ the public.’ 【答案】1. posted 2. that##which 3. who##what 4. yourself##yourselves 5. publishing 6. until##before 7. to impose 8. might##may 9. will keep 10. for 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了孩子是否应该禁止父母将自己的信息发布到网上。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：事实上，第一批在网上发布童年照片的人并不总是对他们的成长岁月被保存在数字世界感到高兴。根据上文的使役动词had可知，空格处应该用非谓语动词作补足语，some of their childhood pictures和动词post之间是被动关系，所以，应该用过去分词posted作补足语。故填posted。 【2题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：父母们可能没有意识到这一点，但通过在网上摆出孩子的照片和视频，他们正在为孩子创造一种可能不受欢迎的身份。空格处引导定语从句，对先行词identity进行限定说明，从句中缺主语，所以，应该用关系代词that或which代替先行词identity在从句中作主语。故填that/which。 【3题详解】 考查名词性从句。句意：她说她已经请求父亲不要把自己和那些并不能体现自己现状的事物联系起来。”空格后的部分是宾语从句，作动词represent的宾语，从句中缺少表语，且意义为“……的事物”或“……的人”，所以用连接代词what或who引导从句。故填who/what。 【4题详解】 考查代词。句意：这不是我每次登录Facebook都想记住的事情…这不是最好的回忆，而这是你（们）在社交媒体上展示自己的方式。”根据句意和空格前的you可知，空格处应该用反身代词yourself作宾语；句中的you也可以理解为“你们”，这时应该用yourselves作宾语。故填yourself/yourselves。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：关于网络隐私的故事通常是关于儿童和青少年被警告在网上发布过多个人信息的危险。根据空格前的介词of可知，空格处应该用动名词publishing作宾语。故填publishing。 【6题详解】 考查连词。句意：来自纽卡斯尔的Kasia Kurowska将在6月份迎来她的第一个孩子，她同意在孩子们长大到可以自己决定社交媒体之前，不会在网上记录孩子们的生活。空格后的部分是时间状语从句，所以，空格处应该用连词连接从句，且意义为“直到”或“在……之前”。故填until/before。 【7题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：首先，这种方法可能很难实施。分析句子可知，此处是固定句型“主语+be+形容词+不定式”。故填to impose。 【8题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：其次，孩子可能不喜欢没有网络形象，尤其是如果他们所有的朋友都有的话。根据句意和上一句中的may可知，Kasia Kurowska担心的两个原因都只是猜测，表示一种“可能性”，所以，空格处应该用may或might(用might语气更委婉)。故填may/might。 【9题详解】 考查时态。句意：但我会保留一个数字记录。根据上文的内容可知，此处表示Kasia Kurowska的计划，所以应该用一般将来时。故填will keep。 【10题详解】 考查介词。句意：只是不会在公众平台上分享。空格后的部分是定语，修饰前面的名词platform，表示“为公众建立的平台”，应该用介词for。故填for。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only by used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. invasion B. combinations C. attitudes D. uniqueness E. revealed F. statistical G. inspired H. normally I. definitely J opposite K. accounted Better think twice before choosing a password for email, online bank accounts and airline tickets. Passwords that show no imagination or ___11___ are easy prey (猎物) for information pirates, a new US study says. A ___12___ analysis of 28,000 passwords recently stolen from a popular US website and posted on the Internet ___13___ that people often do the easy thing. It found that 16 percent took a first name as a password, ___14___ their own or one of their children, according to the study released by Information Week. Another 14 percent relied on the easiest ___15___, such as ‘1234ab’ or ‘12345678abc’. For those using English keyboards, OWERTY’ was popular. Likewise, ‘AZERTY’ scored with people with European keyboards. Five percent of the stolen passwords were names of television shows or stars popular with young people like ‘hannah, ___16___ by singer Hannah Montana. ‘Pokemon,’ ‘Matrix,’ and ‘Ironman’ were others. The word ‘password,’ or easy to guess variations like ‘password 1’, ___17___ for 4 percent, while 3 percent of the passwords expressed ___18___ like ‘I don’t care,’ ‘Whatever,’ ‘Yes’ or ‘No’. There were sentimental choices —‘I love you’ — and their ___19___— ‘I hate you.’ Robert Graham, of the company Errata Security, which did the analysis and published the conclusions, advises that to better protect against cyber ___20___ we should choose a password that is longer than eight characters with one capital letter and one symbol. 【答案】11. D 12. F 13. E 14. H 15. B 16. G 17. K 18. C 19. J 20. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲没有想象力或独特性的密码很容易成为信息盗版者的猎物。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：美国一项新的研究表明，没有想象力或独特性的密码很容易成为信息盗版者的猎物。分析句子可知，此空应填名词作宾语，uniqueness，表“独特性”，为名词，符合句意。故选D项。 【12题详解】 考查形容词。句意：一项对最近从美国一家热门网站被盗并发布在互联网上的28000个密码的统计分析显示，人们经常做容易的事情。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作定语， statistical ，表“统计数据的”，为形容词，符合句意。故选F项。 【13题详解】 考查动词。句意：一项对最近从美国一家热门网站被盗并发布在互联网上的28000个密码的统计分析显示，人们经常做容易的事情。分析句子可知，此空应填动词作谓语，revealed，表“显示”，为reveal的过去式，符合句意。故选E项。 14题详解】 考查副词。句意：根据《信息周刊》发布的研究，16%的人将名字作为密码，通常是他们自己或他们的孩子。分析句子可知，此空可填副词作状语， normally，表“通常”，为副词，符合句意。故选H项。 【15题详解】 考查名词。句意：另有14%的人依赖最简单的组合，如“1234ab”或“12345678abc”。分析句子可知，此空应填名词作宾语，combinations ，表“结合”，为名词复数形式，符合句意。故选B项。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：被盗密码中有5%是受年轻人欢迎的电视节目或明星的名字，比如受歌手汉娜·蒙塔纳启发的“hannah”。分析句子可知，此空可填分词作定语，inspired，表“被启发”，为inspire的过去分词，符合句意。故选G项。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：“password”或“password 1”等易于猜测的变体占4%，而3%的密码表达了“I don’t care”、“Whatever,”、“Yes”或“No”等态度。分析句子可知，此空可填动词作谓语，account for，表“（数量或比例上）占”，符合句意，此句用一般过去时态，设空处填account的过去式。故选K项。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：“password”或“password 1”等易于猜测的变体占4%，而3%的密码表达了“I don’t care”、“Whatever,”、“Yes”或“No”等态度。分析句子可知，此空可填名词作宾语，attitudes，表“态度”，为名词复数，符合句意。故选C项。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：有感性的选择——“I love you”——以及它们的反面——“I hate you”。分析句子可知，此空可填名词作主语，opposite，表“反义词，反面”，为名词，符合句意。故选J项。 【20题详解】 考查名词。句意：Errata Security公司的Robert Graham进行了分析并发表了结论，他建议，为了更好地防止网络入侵，我们应该选择一个长度超过八个字符、一个大写字母和一个符号的密码。分析句子可知，此空可填名词作宾语，invasion，表“侵犯”，为名词，符合句意。故选A项。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank the word or phrase that best fits the context. To Apologize or Not to Apologize Why difficult? When we do wrong to someone we know, even not ___21___, we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situation. But when we’re acting as leaders, the circumstances are ___22___. The act of apology is carried out not merely at the level of the ___23___ but also at the level of the institution. It is a performance in which every word or expression ___24___, as they become part of the public record. Refusing to apologize can be smart, or it can be stupid. So, readiness to apologize can be seen as a sign of strong character or as sign of weakness. Who now? The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more ___25___. During the last decade or so, the United States in particular has developed an apology culture — apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more ___26___ than before. More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of public apologies. Meanwhile, more and more articles, advice columns, and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of ___27___ apologies. Although they are not carried out openly, we can’t ___28___ the significance of its effect. Why ___29___? Why do we apologize? Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult, embarrassing, and even risky? Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target for ___30___. They are expected to appear strong and capable. And whenever they make public statements of any kind, their individual and institutional reputations are in danger. Clearly, then, leaders should not apologize often. For a leader to express apology, there needs to be a strong ___31___. Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so. Why refuse? Why is it that leaders so often try every means to ___32___ apologies, even when a public apology seems to be in order? Their reasons be individual or institutional. Because leaders are public figures, their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even ___33___ risky. Apologies can be signals for admitting mistakes and mistakes can be an indication of job insecurity. Leaders may also be afraid that ___34___ of a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible. There can be good reasons for hanging tough (硬撑) in tough situations, as we shall see, but it is a high-risk ___35___. 21. A. immediately B. intentionally C. occasionally D. accidentally 22. A. simple B. ridiculous C. abnormal D. different 23. A. individual B. company C. family D. society 24. A. conflicts B. matters C. appeals D. deceives 25. A. urgent B. risky C. boring D. simple 26. A. increasingly B. patiently C. frequently D. hopefully 27. A. sincere B. acceptable C. positive D. private 28 A. identify B. attribute C. neglect D. reveal 29. A. bother B. reduce C. regret D. ignore 30. A. promotion B. criticism C. appreciation D. identification 31. A. personality B. will C. reason D. desire 32. A. express B. involve C. commit D. avoid 33. A. politically B. professionally C. academically D. physically 34. A. avoidance B. admission C. involvement D. elimination 35. A. fulfillment B. statement C. occupation D. strategy 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. D 33. B 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了领导者在犯错时是否应该公开道歉的复杂性及影响。 【21题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我们对我们认识的人做错了事，即使不是故意的，我们通常被期望道歉以改善情况。A. immediately立刻；B. intentionally故意地；C. occasionally偶尔；D. accidentally意外地。根据语境及后文“we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situation”可知，这里指的是即使是无意犯下的错误，也应该道歉。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但当我们作为领导者时，情况就不同了。A. simple简单的；B. ridiculous荒谬的；C. abnormal不正常的；D. different不同的。根据语境及后文“The act of apology is carried out not merely at the level of the 　3　 but also at the level of the institution.”可知，领导者的道歉不仅是个人的，也是机构的，情况与普通个人不同。故选D。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：道歉行为不仅在个人层面上进行，也在机构层面上进行。A. individual个人；B. company公司；C. family家庭；D. society社会。根据语境及后文“but also at the level of the institution”可知，这里强调的是领导者的道歉涉及个人和机构两个层面。故选A。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是一个表演，在其中每个词或表情都很重要，因为它们成为了公共记录的一部分。A. conflicts冲突；B. matters重要；C. appeals吸引；D. deceives欺骗。根据语境及后文“as they become part of the public record”可知，这里指每个字词和表情都很重要。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：关于领导者是否应该公开道歉的问题从未如此紧迫。A. urgent紧迫的；B. risky有风险的；C. boring无聊的；D. simple简单的。根据语境及后文“During the last decade or so, the United States in particular has developed an apology culture”可知，在过去的十年左右的时间里，特别是美国，已经发展出一种道歉文化，所以关于是否应该公开道歉的问题变得紧迫。故选A。 26题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在过去的十年左右的时间里，特别是美国，已经发展出一种道歉文化——对各种错误的各种道歉比以前更加频繁。A. increasingly逐渐增加地；B. patiently耐心地；C. frequently频繁地；D. hopefully充满希望地。根据语境及后文“More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of public apologies.”可知，这里指道歉变得更加比以前更加频繁。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同时，越来越多的文章、建议专栏以及广播和电视节目也处理私人道歉的主题。A. sincere真诚的；B. acceptable可接受的；C. positive积极的；D. private私人的。根据前文“More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of public apologies.”分析了公开道歉的重要性及后文“Although they are not carried out openly”可知，这里指的是私人道歉。故选D。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然它们没有公开进行，我们不能忽视其影响的重要性。A. identify识别；B. attribute归因；C. neglect忽视；D. reveal揭示。根据后文“the significance of its effect”可知，这里表达的是不应忽视其影响的重要性。故选C。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为什么我们要麻烦(道歉)？A. bother麻烦；B. reduce减少；C. regret后悔；D. ignore忽视。根据后文“Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult, embarrassing, and even risky?”可知，此处指为什么要麻烦自己道歉呢？故选A。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：公开道歉的领导者可能容易成为批评的目标。A. promotion晋升；B. criticism批评；C. appreciation欣赏；D. identification识别。根据后文“They are expected to appear strong and capable”可知，这里指的是公众可能对领导的批评。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于领导者来说，表达歉意需要有一个强有力的理由。A. personality个性；B. will意志；C. reason理由；D. desire渴望。根据后文“Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so”可知，领导者道歉需要有一个强有力的理由。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为什么领导者常常会用尽一切办法来避免道歉，即使公开道歉似乎是必要的？A. express表达；B. involve涉及；C. commit承诺；D. avoid避免。根据后文“even when a public apology seems to be in order? Their reasons be individual or institutional”可知，这里指的是领导者会想尽一切办法避免道歉。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：因为领导者是公众人物，他们的道歉可能会让人感到个人上不舒服，甚至是职业上的风险。A. politically政治上；B. professionally职业上；C. academically学术上；D. physically身体上。根据前文“Because leaders are public figures”及后文“Apologies can be signals for admitting mistakes and mistakes can be an indication of job insecurity”可知，这里指的是职业上的风险。故选B。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：领导者也可能担心承认错误会损害或破坏他们负责的组织。A. avoidance避免；B. admission承认；C. involvement参与；D. elimination消除。根据后文“of a mistake”可知，这里指的是承认错误。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如我们将看到的，硬撑在艰难的情况下可以有好的理由，但这是一种高风险的策略。A. fulfillment履行；B. statement声明；C. occupation职业；D. strategy策略。根据前文“There can be good reasons for hanging tough in tough situations”与空处的转折关系，结合语境可知，这里指的是面对困难情况时硬撑是一个高风险的策略。故选D。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Almost half a million young oak (橡树) trees have been saved after The Times revealed they were due to be destroyed because of delays in government help to create more woodland. A tree nursery said in March that it had been unable to find buyers for the one and two-year-old seedlings of England’s national tree. Maelor Forest Nurseries near Wrexham spent two years looking after 500,000 seedlings, expecting a great increase in demand after government promises to increase tree planting. Demand failed to materialize and the company said it planned to destroy the trees, partly blaming difficulties land owners faced in obtaining subsidies to fund the work. After The Times reported on the plan, dozens of charities, community groups and individuals all over the country got in touch with Maelor to ask if they could help. “The nursery discounted the price per tree from 35 — 40 pence to 20 pence and sold nearly all of the 500,000 it had been planning to destroy. Thanks largely to the article in The Times only a small percentage had to be destroyed,” said Mike Harvey, Maelor’s managing director. “We are delighted that these oak saplings (幼树) have found good homes. We were frustrated at the prospect of having to destroy plants which we had spent two years growing only to find they were being left without a future for reasons beyond our control.” Mr Harvey said the largest order, for 30,000 oaks, had come from Extinction Rebellion Rewilding, an offshoot of the climate change campaign group. It launched a campaign called Save the Oaks which raised £10,000 through a crowdfunding appeal to purchase and plant trees that had been due to be destroyed. Jethro Gauld, one of the organisers of the planting in Cambridgeshire, said, “We wanted to do something to prevent such a massive waste of saplings and help create a good news story to benefit local people and wildlife. ” Natasha Somers, a volunteer for Save the Oaks, said, “The support we’ve seen shows how a community can come together in difficult times. It’s clear that people want to act for a better future, one where humanity and nature are connected.” 36 The underlined word ‘subsidies’ is closest in meaning to ‘________’. A. equipment B. technical support C. confidence D. financial aid 37. What had Maelor Forest Nurseries planned to do before The Times reported on their plan? A. To reduce the price of the seedlings. B. To ruin the trees it had taken care of. C. To wait for government help to arrive. D. To count the number of oak trees in Britain. 38. What happened to the 500,000 saplings at last? A. Most of them were sold out. B. Most of them were thrown away. C. They were replanted to Cambridgeshire. D. They were donated to a campaign group. 39. What is the passage mainly about? A. A prospective approach to planting. B A nationwide effort to save oak trees. C. A tree nursery devoted to preserving endangered trees. D. A species of trees that are threatened with extinction. 【答案】36. D 37. B 38. A 39. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻稿。文章讲述通过《泰晤士报》报道，全国各组织一起努力拯救了50万棵橡树苗的故事。 【36题详解】 词句猜测题。由文章第四段“Demand failed to materialize and the company said it planned to destroy the trees, partly blaming difficulties land owners faced in obtaining subsidies to fund the work.(需求未能实现，该公司表示计划摧毁这些树木，部分原因是土地所有者在获得 来资助这项工作方面面临困难)”中fund the work可推知，这里指获得“资金帮助”来资助这项工作，所以猜测subsidies表“资金帮助”的意思。故选D项。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第四段“Demand failed to materialize and the company said it planned to destroy the trees, partly blaming difficulties land owners faced in obtaining subsidies to fund the work.(需求未能实现，该公司表示计划摧毁这些树木，部分原因是土地所有者在获得资助方面面临困难)”可知，在《泰晤士报》报道他们的计划之前，Maelor森林苗圃计划毁掉它照顾过的树木。故选B项。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第六段““The nursery discounted the price per tree from 35 — 40 pence to 20 pence and sold nearly all of the 500,000 it had been planning to destroy. Thanks largely to the article in The Times only a small percentage had to be destroyed,” said Mike Harvey, Maelor’s managing director.(“苗圃将每棵树的价格从35-40便士降至20便士，并几乎卖掉了它计划摧毁的50万棵树。这在很大程度上要归功于《泰晤士报》的文章，只有一小部分被销毁。”Maelor的董事总经理迈克·哈维（Mike Harvey）说)”可知，50万棵树苗中的大部分都卖完了。故选A项。 【39题详解】 主旨大意题。由文章第一段“Almost half a million young oak (橡树) trees have been saved after The Times revealed they were due to be destroyed because of delays in government help to create more woodland.(《泰晤士报》透露，由于政府在帮助创造更多林地方面的延误，近50万棵年轻的橡树将被摧毁，此后这些橡树得以幸存)”、第五段“After The Times reported on the plan, dozens of charities, community groups and individuals all over the country got in touch with Maelor to ask if they could help.(在《泰晤士报》报道了该计划后，全国各地的数十家慈善机构、社区团体和个人与Maelor联系，询问他们是否可以提供帮助)”以及上下文可知，文章主要讲通过《泰晤士报》报道，全国各组织一起努力拯救了50万棵橡树苗的故事。所以B项A nationwide effort to save oak trees.(全国范围内拯救橡树的努力)符合语境。故选B项。 (B) ALCS NEWS Autumn 2021 Mavis Cheek (born 1948) is an English novelist, author of 15 novels. Mavis Cheek in conversation about her writing life Q: What initially inspired you to become a writer? A: Being unqualified to do any other job was a great help – or rather spur (激励). If I’d been able to be a secretary or a typist, for example, then economics might well have overtaken me in the years I spent improving my craft and trying to get published. Of course, the great inspiration was having my daughter and wanting to be at home with the baby while using my brain. Q: What’s been your most exciting book and why? A: My latest Amenable Women, from the point of view of all the research I had to do – which I hugely enjoyed, by the way. The most exciting book to have published was my first (Pause Between Acts, 1988), which had absolutely wonderful reviews everywhere (except the New York Times – and I didn’t mind that at all – just to be in the NYT was thrilling). It gave me extreme excitement, when the first of those came out. Q: You once said that “any writer with a mortgage (贷款) never gets writer’s block”. Do your views differ now you have had 12 commercially successful books? If so, why? A: I still think that one of the best (and worst) spurs to writing and for continuing to write is a requirement to earn a living. The road to publication is littered with the corpses (尸体) of would-be authors who can’t make it to the second or third book. I’ve just recently been sent a new novel by a really good author who were less successful for years and I am sure it was largely due to her having a private income. Believe me, if I didn’t have a mortgage in the bank, I’d be lying on Greek beach right now, not struggling to make sense of yet another novel. Q: The more successful you become, do you find it harder to come up with concepts for a new novel? A: It’s harder to believe you are getting better at the job, though obviously that’s what I and most writers want. Basically, we compete with ourselves while trying to continue pleasing our audience. Finding new ways of pleasing the readers one more time gets harder— at least for me. I always have to start with an idea that’s suddenly entered my head, and which won’t go away. Currently I’m suffered by thoughts of truth and how hard it is to maintain in an ordinary life. 40. What encouraged Mavis Cheek to become a writer? A. The expectation of the worthy financial rewards. B. The desire to combine the role of a mother and a career. C. The established idea of gaining reputation of a famous writer. D. The wish of encouraging people through the power of literature. 41. Overall, Mavis Cheek describes the writing profession as ______. A. motivating but struggling B. respectable but impersonal C. stressful and unfulfilling D. exciting and financially rewarding 42. According to the passage, which of the following is true? A. Mavis Cheek had earned a lot before she became a writer. B. The income from writing has removed Mavis Cheek’s material worries. C. Mavis Cheek’s career once almost came to an end due to unfavorable comments. D. Successful as she is, Mavis Cheek still feels it hard to satisfy the readers continuously. 【答案】40. B 41. A 42. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。通过采访，报道了Mavis Cheek的写作生涯。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一个问题Q: What initially inspired you to become a writer? 下列段落中“Of course, the great inspiration was having my daughter and wanting to be at home with the baby while using my brain. (当然，最大的灵感是有了女儿，我想在家里用我的大脑和孩子在一起。)”可知，是把一个母亲的角色和事业结合起来的愿望鼓励了Mavis Cheek成为一名作家。故选B项。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二个问题Q: What’s been your most exciting book and why?的回答中“The most exciting book to have published was my first (Pause Between Acts, 1988), which had absolutely wonderful reviews everywhere (except the New York Times – and I didn’t mind that at all – just to be in the NYT was thrilling). It gave me extreme excitement, when the first of those came out. (我出版过的最令人兴奋的书是我的第一本书(1988年出版的《幕间停顿》)，到处都有非常好的评论(除了《纽约时报》——我一点也不介意——能上《纽约时报》就很激动了)。当第一部作品问世时，我非常兴奋。)”以及第三个问题回答中“Believe me, if I didn’t have a mortgage in the bank, I’d be lying on Greek beach right now, not struggling to make sense of yet another novel. (相信我，如果我在银行没有抵押贷款，我现在会躺在希腊的海滩上，而不是艰苦奋斗着去搞另一部小说。)”可知，Mavis Cheek认为自己的写作职业既有兴奋的激励又有艰苦的奋斗。故选A项。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一个问题回答中“Finding new ways of pleasing the readers one more time gets harder— at least for me. (至少对我来说，再一次找到使读者满意的新方法变得更难了。)”可知，Mavis Cheek虽然很成功，但她仍然觉得很难不断地满足读者。故选D项。 (C) Stonehenge（巨石阵）may have been a prehistoric health center rather than a site for observing stars or a temple in honor of the dead, scientists said yesterday. New evidence unearthed at the World Heritage Site in more than 40 years suggests that the monument was a place where the diseased and injured went in groups, seeking cures. After a two-week dig, scientists have concluded that Stonehenge was “the ancient healthcare centre of southern England” because of the existence of “bluestones”---the smaller columns of dolerite（辉绿岩）that formed an earlier stone structure. By dating pieces of remains to around 7330BC, Tim Darvill, of Bournemouth University, and Goff Wainwright, of the Society of Amtiquaries have found that hunter-gatherers were at the site on Salisbury Plain 4,000 years earlier than thought. The first stage of Stonehenge, a round earthwork structure, was built around 3000BC. Professor Wainwright added: “I did not expect the degree of complexity we discovered. We’re able to say so much more about when Stonehenge was built and why---all of which changes our previous understanding of the monument.” The research reveals the importance of the henge’s famous bluestones. Hundreds of bluestone chips gathered at the site have led the team to conclude that the bluestones were valued for their curing effects---the key reason that about 80 of them, each weighing up to 4 tons and a half, were dragged more than 150 miles from the Preseli Hills to Wiltshire. After years of research, Professors Darvill and Wainwright have concluded that, for thousands of years, the Preseli mountain range was home to magical health centers and holy wells. Even today there are those who believe in the curing powers of the springs for coughs and heart disease, and people who use crystals and bluestones for self-curing. Radiocarbon tests have also revealed that the construction of the original bluestone circle took place around 2300BC, three centuries later than originally thought. Interestingly, on the same day died the “Amesbury Archer”---a sick traveler from the Swiss or German Alps who had an infected knee---whose remains were discovered about five miles from Stonehenge. The professors believe that he was a devoted religious person who was hoping to benefit from the curing powers of the monument. 43. Stonehenge is recently believed to be a place for people . A. to recover from poor health B. to observe star movements C. to hold religious ceremonies D. to gather huge bluestones 44. What can be inferred about Stonehenge from the passage? A. The springs could cure coughs and heart disease best. B. The new discovery was the same as what had been expected. C. Some huge bluestones were not produced at Stonehenge. D. The original bluestone circle was thought to be constructed around 2000BC. 45. The sick traveler in the passage is supposed to be A. a devoted religious person from Stonehenge B. one of the earliest discoverers of Stonehenge C. the first explorer to test the magical power of bluestones D. a patient trying to cure his infection at Stonehenge 46. Which the following might be the best title for the passage? A. Stonehenge: A New Place of Interest B. Stonehenge: Still Making News C. Stonehenge: Heaven for Adventurers D. Stonehenge: Still Curing Patients 【答案】43. A 44. C 45. D 46. B 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。巨石阵研究又出新结果。巨石阵是一处史前康复中心而非原先所认为的观星台或庙宇。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。由第一段第一句话“Stonehenge（巨石阵）may have been a prehistoric health center”可知，巨石阵可能是史前的健康中心。所以最近巨石阵被认为是人们从健康不佳中恢复的地方。故A正确。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。由第四段第二句话the key reason that about 80 of them, each weighing up to 4 tons and a half, were dragged more than 150 miles from the Preseli Hills to Wiltshire.可知, 这是其中约80块重4吨半的蓝石从普雷舍里山被拖到威尔特郡150多英里的关键原因。所以推断出，一些巨大的青石并不是在巨石阵中产生的。故C正确。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。由最后一段最后一句话“The professors believe that he was a devoted religious person who was hoping to benefit from the curing powers of the monument可知，教授们认为他是一个虔诚的宗教人士，希望这个著名的建筑能治愈他的疾病。所以短文中生病的旅行者应该是一个希望治愈巨石阵能治愈他传染病的病人。故选D项。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段“Stonehenge（巨石阵）may have been a prehistoric health center rather than a site for observing stars or a temple in honor of the dead, scientists said yesterday. New evidence unearthed at the World Heritage Site in more than 40 years suggests that the monument was a place where the diseased and injured went in groups, seeking cures”可知，科学家昨日表示，巨石阵可能是史前健康中心，而不是观察星星的场所或悼念死者的寺庙。40多年前在世界遗产遗址出土的新证据表明，这座建筑物是一个患病和受伤者成群结队寻求治疗的地方。这对读者来说是一个大的新闻。所以短文的最佳标题是“巨石阵:仍在产生新闻”。故选B项。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Big Questions from Mike Brown Mike Brown killed Pluto (冥王星). He had his reasons. But the astronomer did not set out to reclassify the solar system’s ninth planet as a dwarf (矮星). Brown was interested in the Kuiper Belt, a region of icy comets and asteroids (彗星和星云) beyond Neptune’s orbit. ___47___. Brown was correct. Analyzing images from a nearby observatory, he and his team identified a number of new Kuiper Belt Objects. Brown found these bodies by investigating a massive number of images taken by a telescope at a nearby observatory. When comparing images from different times, Brown discovered that a planet’s position will change from one exposure to the next. ___48___ One of the Kuiper Bet Objects he identified, Eris, is the most massive celestial (天空的) body found in the solar system in more than a century. Since Eris was more massive than Pluto, astronomers soon began debating what it means to be a planet, a question that astronomers had considered long settled. ___49___ The Kuiper Belt has been in a deep freeze for the past four-and-a-half-billion years, Brown says. ’We are basically looking back to the earliest history of the solar system. ’Since then, Brown has discovered hundreds more Kuiper Belt Objects. ‘Every single time,’ Brown says, ‘there’s this little charge of,’ Oh my God, this little ice ball at the edge of the solar system has never before been seen by human eyes until this very moment. ‘And that is always a moving experience.’ ___50___ However, he managed to tear himself away to discuss the next big mysteries in our comer of the universe, including why our solar system is such an oddball, and where we might finally find Planet 9. A. To identify objects that might be planets, he says, ‘I simply look for things that move.’ B. Their orbits are not random. C. Pluto lost, but science won. D. To me, the search for Planet 9 is the continuation of what humans have done forever. E. ‘I wanted to understand what was there,’ Brown says, ‘I thought there were probably new planets still to find.’ F. Brown is still busy investigating the outer solar system. 【答案】47. E 48. A 49. C 50. F 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述Mike Brown认定冥王星不是一颗行星以及他这方面的研究。 【47题详解】 由上文“Brown was interested in the Kuiper Belt, a region of icy comets and asteroids (彗星和星云) beyond Neptune’s orbit. (布朗对柯伊伯带很感兴趣，这是海王星轨道之外的一个由冰彗星和小行星组成的区域。)”可知，上文提到布朗对柯伊伯带感兴趣，此句可承接上文说明他感兴趣的原因，所以E项‘I wanted to understand what was there,’ Brown says, ‘I thought there were probably new planets still to find.’(布朗说：“我想了解那里有什么，我认为可能还有新的行星有待发现。”)符合语境，其中there与上文the Kuiper Belt对应，有承上作用。故选E项。 【48题详解】 由上文“Brown found these bodies by investigating a massive number of images taken by a telescope at a nearby observatory. When comparing images from different times, Brown discovered that a planet’s position will change from one exposure to the next.(布朗通过调查附近天文台望远镜拍摄的大量图像发现了这些物体。在比较不同时间的图像时，布朗发现行星的位置会随着曝光的不同而变化。)”可知，这里提到布朗通过对比不同时间的图像发现行星的位置会改变，而A项To identify objects that might be planets, he says, ‘I simply look for things that move.’(为了识别可能是行星的物体，他说，“我只是寻找会移动的东西。”)符合语境，此句进一步说明他识别可能是行星的物体的方法就是寻找会移动的东西，是对前文发现行星位置改变这一内容的进一步阐述。有承上作用。故选A项。 【49题详解】 由上文“One of the Kuiper Bet Objects he identified, Eris, is the most massive celestial (天空的) body found in the solar system in more than a century. Since Eris was more massive than Pluto, astronomers soon began debating what it means to be a planet, a question that astronomers had considered long settled. (他发现的柯伊伯-贝特天体之一厄里斯是一个多世纪以来太阳系中发现的质量最大的天体。由于厄里斯的质量比冥王星大，天文学家很快就开始争论它是一颗行星意味着什么，这是一个天文学家认为早已解决的问题。)”可知，上文讲述了因为发现了比冥王星质量更大的天体，天文学家开始重新讨论行星的定义，这导致冥王星的行星地位受到影响，而这一过程推动了科学对行星定义的进一步探讨，而C项Pluto lost, but science won.(冥王星输了，但科学赢了。)符合语境，本句阐述冥王星被否定为行星，起到了总结前文的作用。故选C项。 【50题详解】 由下文“However, he managed to tear himself away to discuss the next big mysteries in our comer of the universe, including why our solar system is such an oddball, and where we might finally find Planet 9.(然而，他设法挣脱出来，讨论了我们宇宙角落的下一个大谜团，包括为什么我们的太阳系如此奇怪，以及我们最终可能在哪里找到第九行星。)”可知，下文提到他设法抽出时间来讨论宇宙中的下一个重大谜团，说明之前他是在忙于做某事，F项Brown is still busy investigating the outer solar system.(布朗仍在忙于研究外太阳系。)符合语境，提到布朗仍在忙于研究外太阳系，符合上下文逻辑。故选F项。 IV. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Is Leather Good or Not? For thousands of years, humans have used leather to make everything from clothing to furniture to footwear. The skin of animals is a material that is strong, hard-wearing and flexible. These qualities make leather a popular material for many different products, but more people are becoming concerned about the potential harm caused by items they buy. Should we respect ancient traditions or is having real leather not as important as it used to be? The treatment of animals raised for their skins is a massive issue. According to the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), more than 2.29 billion cows, pigs and goats are killed each year for their hides. This does not include the animal skin of fancier leather products, such as sheep, crocodiles, kangaroos and lizards. There’s also an environmental problem. Producing leather is a very polluting process, because it requires treating the skins with chemicals. During the procedure, called tanning, chemicals change the fibres (纤维) inside the leather, making it tougher. A tanning facility uses more than 60,000 litres of water for every tonne of leather produced. It uses huge amounts of poisonous chemicals, including substances containing heavy metals such as chromium, which when washed out ends up in nearby soil and drinking water that people use. However, the making of leather is not entirely negative. Selling animal skin is a key source of income for remote populations such as the Inuit people in Canada. Every day, cows, pigs and goats are killed for their meat to be sold in supermarkets. It’s respectful not to waste anything, and without leather their skins would have to be buried or burned. Although there are alternatives to leather, some of these fabrics are only 85% to 90% biodegradable (可生物降解的). Vegan leather can be made from plastics which take years to biodegrade, so it’s actually worse for the planet. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】People have used leather for various purposes for its unique qualities but concern about its potential harm and continuous employment is rising. Slaughter for animals’ skins on a large scale and the environmental problem caused by chemicals involved in the processing course are main issues. While, as a source of income for some people and with good biodegradability compared with alternatives, leather use is also positive. 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了由于皮革的独特品质，人们将其用于各种用途，但对其潜在危害和持续使用的担忧日益增加。一些人认为与替代品相比，皮革具有良好的生物降解性，使用皮革也是积极的。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①For thousands of years, humans have used leather to make everything from clothing to furniture to footwear. ②but more people are becoming concerned about the potential harm caused by items they buy. ③The treatment of animals raised for their skins is a massive issue. ④This does not include the animal skin of fancier leather products, such as sheep, crocodiles, kangaroos and lizards. ⑤There’s also an environmental problem. ⑥The making of leather is not entirely negative. ⑦Selling animal skin is a key source of income for remote populations such as the Inuit people in Canada. ⑧Although there are alternatives to leather, some of these fabrics are only 85% to 90% biodegradable (可生物降解的) 2.缜密构思 将第1，2个要点进行整合，将第3、4、5三个要点进行整合，将第6，7，8个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 Humans have used leather to make everything but care about its potential harm and continuous employment is rising. The treatment of animals raised for their skins and the environmental problem are massive issues. The making of leather is not entirely negative because it is a source of income for some people and with good biodegradability compared with alternatives. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Slaughter for animals’ skins on a large scale and the environmental problem caused by chemicals involved in the processing course are main issues. (运用非谓语动词对原文第二、三段进行了概括。) [高分句型2] While, as a source of income for some people and with good biodegradability compared with alternatives, leather use is also positive.(用with复合结构作状语对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。) 第II卷 I. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 在这次活动中，孩子们对书法、剪纸很感兴趣。(appeal) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】In this activity, calligraphy and paper cutting appealed greatly to the children. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和动词短语。句子描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。“在这次活动中”In this activity，介词短语在句中作状语，in位于句首首字母大写，句子主语“书法和剪纸”calligraphy and paper cutting，动词短语“对某人有吸引力，使某人感兴趣”appeal to sb.，appeal用过去式形式，“很”greatly，副词作状语修饰动词appealed，“孩子们”the children作介词to的宾语。故翻译为In this activity, calligraphy and paper cutting appealed greatly to the children. 53. 这个项目旨在增进高中生对于AI的理解，培养对高科技产品的兴趣。(intend) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The project intends to enhance high school students’ understanding of AI and develop an interest in high-tech products. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语和时态。主语为project；表示“旨在”短语为intend to do；表示“增进高中生对于AI的理解”翻译为enhance high school students’ understanding of AI；表示“培养”应用动词develop；表示“对高科技产品的兴趣”为an interest in high-tech products。陈述事实，为一般现在时。故翻译为The project intends to enhance high school students’ understanding of AI and develop an interest in high-tech products. 54. 值得一提的是，当地政府正在积极采取措施，解决大学毕业生的就业问题，得到了市民的高度赞誉。(What) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】What is worth mentioning is that the local government is actively taking measures to solve the employment problem of college graduates, which has won high praise from the citizens. 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句、表语从句和非限制性定语从句。“值得一提的是”译为what is worth mentioning，为主语从句，其中be worth doing为固定短语，表示“值得做某事”，what在从句中充当主语，表示“……的事情”，整个从句作句子的主语，谓语是is，其后用that引导的表语从句，“当地政府”译为the local government，“正在积极采取措施”译为is actively taking measures，这里使用现在进行时，强调动作正在进行，“解决……问题”译为solve the problem of...，college graduates表示“大学毕业生”；“得到了市民的高度赞誉”译为which has won high praise from the citizens，这里使用了非限制性定语从句，用which指代前面整个句子“当地政府正在积极采取措施，解决大学毕业生的就业问题”这件事，has won是现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响。故翻译为What is worth mentioning is that the local government is actively taking measures to solve the employment problem of college graduates, which has won high praise from the citizens. 55. 作为年轻一代，我们曾迷茫，曾沮丧，但我们不会失去对于生活的热情，因为我们一直期待遇到更好的自己。(frustrate) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】As a young generation, we have been confused and frustrated, but we will not lose our enthusiasm for life, because we have been looking forward to meeting a better version of ourselves. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态，形容词和状语从句。句子前半部分，是一个主系表结构的简单句，“作为年轻一代”译为As a young generation作状语，且位于句首字母要大写，主语“我们”译为we，系动词译为be，句子表达的是过去动作造成对现在的影响，应用现在完成时have been，表语为“迷茫的和沮丧的”译为confused and frustrated；后半部分与前半部分为转折关系，应用but连接，后半部分是一个含有原因状语从句的复合句，主句部分是一个主谓宾结构的句子，主语“我们”译为we，谓语“失去”译为lose，句子表达的是否定含义和将来的事情，所以谓语部分译为will not lose,宾语“生活的热情”译为our enthusiasm for life，原因状语从句用because引导，同时从句的主语“我们”译为we ，谓语“期待”译为look forward to，因为从句表达的是从过去开始的一个动作一直延续到现在，并将持续下去，所以从句应为现在完成进行时have been looking forward to，宾语“遇到更好的自己”译为meet a better version of ourselves，结合to介词，应用动名词作宾语。故译As a young generation, we have been confused and frustrated, but we will not lose our enthusiasm for life, because we have been looking forward to meeting a better version of ourselves。 II. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in at least 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学高三学生李明，由于临近高考，同学们普遍反映压力较大，学校在考虑是否需要每周开设一节心理课，学校领导为此听取全校学生的意见。写一封邮件给领导，内容须包括： 1. 对于是否需要开设心理课程给出你的观点和理由。 2. 如果开设心理课，你希望老师给你们带来什么样的内容? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear School Leaders, I am Li Ming, a senior student at Mingqi High School. As the college entrance examination approaches, many students, including myself, are experiencing increased stress. In my opinion, having a weekly psychology class would be highly beneficial. Such classes can help us develop effective stress management techniques and provide a platform for us to express our thoughts and feelings in a supportive environment. Learning how to cope with stress is crucial for our mental health and overall well-being. If psychology classes are implemented, I would hope for the inclusion of topics such as stress-relief methods, time management strategies, and mindfulness exercises. Additionally, discussions on common psychological issues faced by students would be helpful. This content could equip us with practical tools to manage our stress and maintain a healthy state of mind during this challenging period. Thank you for considering my suggestion. Sincerely, Li Ming 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就临近高考，同学们普遍反映压力较大，给校领导写一份信建议开设心理课。 【详解】1.词汇积累 压力：stress→ pressure 技巧：techniques→ skills 至关重要的：crucial→ vital 此外：Additionally→ Furthermore 2.句式拓展 同义句替换 原句：In my opinion, having a weekly psychology class would be highly beneficial. 同义句：As far as I’m concerned, having a weekly psychology class would be extremely beneficial. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Learning how to cope with stress is crucial for our mental health and overall well-being. (运用了动名词作主语) 【高分句型2】If psychology classes are implemented, I would hope for the inclusion of topics such as stress-relief methods, time management strategies, and mindfulness exercises. (运用了If引导的条件状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$