Unit 13 第3课时 Section A Grammar Focus-4c（同步课件）-【上好课】2024-2025学年九年级英语全册同步精品课堂（人教版）

Unit 13 We're trying to save the earth! 第3课时 Section A Grammar Focus -4c 初中英语 / 人教版 / 九年级全册 Contents Review 1 Grammar 2 Presentation 3 Exercises 4 Summary 5 Homework 6 01 02 03 04 语言能力 思维品质 文化意识 学习能力 学习目标 掌握下列词汇：take part in ,afford, turn off, reusable, pay for, take action, transportation 掌握句型：We can’t afford to wait any longer to take action! Have you ever taken part in an environmental project? 能够在听说活动中掌握写作技能，培养学生的结构性思维和逻辑性思维。 通过了解谓语动词解题思路，能够复习现在进行时、现在完成时、情态动词、被动语态、used to的表意功能和用法。 能运用目标语言谈论污染问题，能在实际情景对话中认识解决空气污染和垃圾污染的方法。 0 1 Review Review take part in 参加 afford v. 承担得起(后果); 买得起 turn off 关掉 reusable adj. 可重复使用的； pay for 付费； 付出代价 take action 采取行动 transportation n. 运输业；交通运输 New words Review 1. What’s happening to the earth ? 2. What caused the pollution？ 3. What should we do to reduce the pollution？ It is suffering from pollution. 遭受(痛苦) People are throwing rubbish everywhere. Factories are putting waste into the river. The factories that burn coal pollute the air with a lot of black smoke. Review 6 3. What should we do to reduce the pollution？ The government has taken actions. Some laws are developed to stop the pollution. Everyone should take part in saving the earth. Take the bus or ride a bike instead of driving. Review 7 bring a bag instead of plastic bags when shopping. Remember to throw rubbish into the bins. Try to put different kinds of waste into different bins. Review 8 0 2 Grammar Grammar Grammar Focus Read the sentences and translate them. We’re trying to save the earth. Present progressive The river used to be so clean. used to The air is badly polluted. Passive voice No scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health. Present perfect We should help save the sharks. Modal verbs Grammar 10 Fill in the blanks according to grammar focus. 1. We’re trying ______ ______ the earth. 我们正在尽力地拯救地球。 2. The river ______ _____ be so clean. 河流过去常常是如此干净。 3. The air ____ badly ________. 空气被严重地污染了。 4. No scientific studies ______ ____ that shark fins are good for health. 没有科学研究显示鲨鱼鱼鳍对健康有益处。 5. We _____ ______ save the sharks. 我们应该帮助拯救鲨鱼。 to save used to is polluted have shown should help Grammar 11 Grammar Focus What did you find out? We’re trying to save the earth. Present progressive The river used to be so clean. used to The air is badly polluted. Passive voice No scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health. Present perfect We should help save the sharks. Modal verbs 探究：现在进行时的结构和用法 定义：表示说话时(瞬间)正在进行的动作, 也表示目前或现阶段正在进行 的动作，或说话者的强烈情感。 People are throwing rubbish to the river. Grammar 12 现在进行时的结构和用法 定义：表示说话时(瞬间)正在进行的动作, 也表示目前或现阶段正在进行 的动作，或说话者的强烈情感。 They are playing basketball now. Tom is working on a new book about stories. 正在发生 目前一段时间内正在进行 谓语构成：Be(am\is\are) ＋v-ing (动词的现在分词) It’s always raining here. 说话者的强烈情感（抱怨情绪 Why are you always coming late for class? 含说话者的强烈情感 He is watching a movie now. I am studying Chinese on the Internet these days. Factories are putting waste into the river. Grammar 13 现在进行时的结构和用法 句式变化： ① 肯定句: 主语 + am/is/are + v-ing ② 否定句: 主语 + am/is/are + not + v-ing ③ 疑问句: Am/Is/Are + 主语 + v-ing? Is she reading a book now? She is not reading a book now. She is reading a book now. v.-ing形式(现在分词)的构成： a.一般情况下，在动词词尾后加-ing。 如：go → going。 b.以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e加-ing。 如：have → having。 c.以重读闭音节结尾的动词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加-ing。 如：run → running。 Grammar 14 现在进行时的结构和用法 标志性词汇：now, right now, look, listen, these days, at the moment, at present Look! The boy is crying. Listen! The boy is singing. He is watching a movie now. 具体用法： 1.表示说话时正在进行的，目前正在发生的动作。 常带有表示目前时刻的时间状语如：now, at the (very) moment, for the time being, at present, 及Look! Listen! ... ① Look! The big bird is flying away. 看，那只大鸟正在飞走。 ② He is watching a movie now. 他现在正在看电影。 Grammar 15 2.表示目前一段时间内正在进行，但说话时可能没有进行的动作。 Right now I am studying Chinese by distance learning. 我现在正通过远程教育学习汉语。 3. 与always, constantly, forever, all the time等副词连用，表示动作反复或习惯。此时句子常含有说话者的强烈情感在内。表达较强的“责备”或“表扬”之意。 ① You are always changing your mind. 你总是主意不定(太烦人了。) ② He is always helping others. 他总是帮助别人。(他真是个好人。) 4. 对于come, go, leave, arrive, start 等表示位置移动的动词常可用进行时态表将来。① He is leaving on Wednesday. 他将于周三离开。 ② Mary isn’t here at the moment. She is coming later. 玛丽现在不在这儿，她一会儿来。 Grammar 16 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 Listen! The phone __________(ring). Please go to answer it. 2. — Alan, it’s late. Why not go to bed? — Jenny hasn’t come back yet. I ___________(wait) for her. 3. — What’s your father doing now? — He __________ (write) a letter in the study. is ringing am waiting is writing Group discussion What a fine day today! Look! What are they doing? Grammar 17 Grammar Focus What did you find out? We’re trying to save the earth. Present progressive The river used to be so clean. used to The air is badly polluted. Passive voice No scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health. Present perfect We should help save the sharks. Modal verbs 探究：used to的结构和用法 1. used to 是固定结构，是一般过去时的一种形式，后面跟___________. used to do 意为“__________”. 表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不发生或不存在。 可使用于各种人称。 动词原形 过去常常做 Did you use to play the piano? Grammar 18 used to的结构和用法 sb.used to do sth. 某人过去常常做某事(现在不再做了) I used to get up at six o’clock. 我以前六点钟起床。 used to be + adj. 过去曾经……样 The river used to be very clean. used to be + 职业名词 过去曾经当过/是… His father used to be a teacher. 2. used to 的句型变化 1) 否定句式：didn’t use to do sth. e.g. You didn’t use to eat chips when you were younger. 2) 一般疑问句式：Did + 主语 + use to do sth.? Did you use to play the piano? 3) 附加疑问句式： …, didn’t +主语? He used to drink, didn’t he? Grammar 19 used to的结构和用法 3. 辨析：used to do sth.; be/get used to doing sth.; be used to do sth. used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事(而现在不做了)”。后接动词原形。 I used to eat pork. be/get used to doing sth. 意为“习惯于(做)某事”。后接动词使用-ing形式。 I’m used to riding to school now. be used to do sth. 意为“被用来做某事”。这是被动结构，后接动词原形。 Wood can be used to make paper. My grandfather is used to going for a walk after dinner. 我爷爷习惯晚饭后去散步。 这种小刀是用来切东西的。 This kind of knife are used to cut things. Grammar 20 Grammar Focus What did you find out? We’re trying to save the earth. Present progressive The river used to be so clean. used to The air is badly polluted. Passive voice No scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health. Present perfect We should help save the sharks. Modal verbs 探究：被动语态的结构和用法 1. 定义：主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作 的承受者，即行为动作的对象。 2. 结构：be + 过去分词 e.g. A new school was built last year. Our classroom is cleaned every day. Grammar 21 被动语态的结构和用法 3. 主动语态如何变为被动语态 小口诀： 宾变主，主变by+宾，谓语动词用被动（be+done）,其他成分不变。 ① ① ② ③ I cleaned my room. → My room was cleaned by me. 主动语态中有些感官动词（如hear, see, watch, notice等）和使役动词（如make, let等）后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，要把不定式符号to还原。 I saw him cross the road and enter the shop. → He was seen to cross the road and enter the shop. Grammar 22 5. 各种时态的被动语态谓语构成 不同时态的被动语态结构(以动词do为例): 一般现在时: am/is/are+ done 一般过去时: was/were+done 一般将来时: will be/is(/am/are) going to be+ done 含情态动词: can/may/must...+be+done 被动语态的基本结构：助动 词be + 及物动词的过去分词 The Secondary School Entrance Exam _______ (hold) in June. is held A strange noise __________ (hear) by his mother last night. was heard A wide road _____________ (build) between the two villages will be built Actions should_________(take) to protect the earth. be taken a. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者，不必或不便说出动作的执行者（这时可 省掉by引导的短语）; b. 借助被动的动作突出动作的承受者 A new school was built last year. Tea plants are grown in South China. 4. 被动语态用法: Grammar 23 Grammar Focus What did you find out? We’re trying to save the earth. Present progressive The river used to be so clean. used to The air is badly polluted. Passive voice No scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health. Present perfect We should help save the sharks. Modal verbs 探究：现在完成时的结构和用法 1.定义：表示现在还存在过去发生或已经完成的动作的影响或结果; 或者表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能持续下去的动作。 Grammar 24 被动语态的结构和用法 2. 结构: has/have + 过去分词 3. 标志词: already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once, twice, recently,up to now, till now, so far, for+时间, since+时间点/从句, in the last/past...years。 I haven’t finished my homework yet. I have already finished reading the book. 我已经读完这本书了。 He hasn’t called since he went to Beijing. 他自从去了北京还没有打来过电话。 He has kept this book for two weeks. 他借这本书两周了。 Her grandfather has been dead for ten years. In the past few years, great changes has taken place in Lianyungang. Grammar 25 现在完成时的结构和用法 4. 现在完成时的句式结构: 主语+have / has（助动词）+ done 肯定句：主语 + have / has + done+ 其他 否定句：主语 + haven’t / hasn’t + done + 其他 一般疑问句： Have / Has + 主语 + done+ …？ 肯定答语：Yes, 主语 + have / has. 否定答语：No, 主语 + haven’t / hasn’t. 5. 过去分词的构成 一般情况下，在动词后加-ed。如: work → worked。 在以e结尾的动词后只加-d。如: close → closed。 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加-ed。如: study → studied。 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed。如: stop → stopped。 过去分词的规则变化 Grammar 26 现在完成时的结构和用法 5. 过去分词的构成 过去分词的不规则变化 AAA型 put put put AAB型 beat beat beaten ABA型 become became become ABB型 get got got/gotten ABC型 begin began begun 6. 辨析：have been to, have gone to & have been in have / has been to “曾经去过某地”, 现在已经不在那里了。 一般与表示频率的副词或次数连用。 I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京两次了。(已经回来) Have you been to Beijing before? Grammar 27 现在完成时的结构和用法 6. 辨析：have been to, have gone to & have been in have / has gone to “到某地去了”, 表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中, 即说话时该人不在现场, My mom has gone to the supermarket. 我的妈妈去超市了。(人不在现场) Jim has gone to London with his family. have been in 已在某地, 常与表示一段时间的状语连用。 The Greens have been in China for two years. I have been in Beijing for two years. Grammar 28 Complete the following sentences. I _________ (be) in Beijing for two years. 2. I _____ never _____ (hear) of that man before. 3. Tom ________________ (work) there since two years ago. 4. The twins ____________ (wash) the clothes for an hour. 5. He ___________ (play) basketball since three years ago. 6. How long ______ Sally _______ (sing) yet? have been have heard has worked have washed has played has sung Grammar 29 Grammar Focus What did you find out? We’re trying to save the earth. Present progressive The river used to be so clean. used to The air is badly polluted. Passive voice No scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health. Present perfect We should help save the sharks. Modal verbs 探究：情态动词的结构和用法 1. 情态动词本身有一定的词义, 表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气, 但不能单 独作谓语, 只能与其他动词构成谓语。常见的有: can (could), may (might), must, need, shall (should), will (would)等。 Grammar 30 情态动词的结构和用法 2. 情态动词无人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。否定式是在情态动词后面加not。个别情态动词有过去式形式，可用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气。Ken can climb up the trees like a koala. Tracy could ride a bicycle when she was five years old. You mustn’t play with fire. It is dangerous. 3. 情态动词的用法 a. 表能力: can, could, be able to 情态动词can表示“能力”时，与be able to同义，其否定形式为can’t。 can 表示现在的能力，其过去式could表示过去的能力。 —Can your Australian friend eat with chopsticks? — Yes, but she can’t use them well. —Could your father play golf when he was young? —No, he couldn't. But he could play table tennis. Grammar 31 情态动词的结构和用法 3. 情态动词的用法 b. 表推测: might, could, may, can, must, can’t (可能性依次递增) might, may, can, must都可表示“推测”， may和must表“推测”常用语肯定句，can表“推测”常用于否定句和疑问句。 After a long walk, the children must be very tired now. —I saw Lily in the supermarket this morning. —No, it can't be her. She moved to Australia the day before yesterday. c. 表建议: shall, should, had better You should study hard if you want to be a scientist in the future? You had better ask your parents for advice. Grammar 32 情态动词的结构和用法 3. 情态动词的用法 d. 表委婉的“请求；许可”: may, might, can, could, will, would 当“May\Can\Could I …”表示“请求；许可”时，could在表示“请求；许可”时，语气更委婉。肯定回答常用“Yes,please.”\“certainly” 等，否定回答常用“No, you can’t.”等。 —May I borrow your math book? — Sure. Here you are. —Could I watch Tv now? — Sorry. you can't. e. 表义务: must, need, have to I must study hard and get good grades. must 意为“必须”，强调主观看法。 It's raining outside. I have to stay at home. have to 意为“不得不， 必须”，强调客观情况 Grammar 33 0 3 Presentation Presentation 4a Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. Joe: _____ you ever _____ (take) part in an environmental project? Ken: Yes, I have. I _______ (help) with a Clean-Up Day last year. It was __________ (consider) the biggest clean-up project this city______ ever ________ (have). Joe: How many people ________ (take) part? Ken: I ___________ (think) more than 1,000 people ______(come) to help out. Joe: That’s fantastic! I guess everyone in this city is ______ (try) to improve the environment. Ken: Yes, we can’t afford to________ (wait) any longer to take action! Have taken helped considered had had took think came trying wait take part in sth/doing sth 参加 afford to do sth 负担得起 take action 采取行动 Presentation 35 4b Fill in the blanks with the appropriate modal verbs from the box. can would could have to should must may/ might People _________ think that big things__________________ be done to save the earth. Many forget that saving the earth begins with small things. For example, you ______________ save electricity by turning off the lights when you leave a room. You _______________ also use reusable bags instead of plastic bags. I think it’s a great idea that you now _______ pay for plastic bags in some stores. And instead of driving to school or work, you _______________ ride your bike or walk. If it’s far, you __________ take the bus. All these small things __________ add up and become big things that ______________ improve the environment. Let’s take action now! may/might should/have to/must can/could/should can/could/should have to can/could/should can/could can/could would/can/could begin with 开始于 pay for 付费；付出代价 add up 合计；加起来 Presentation 36 4c Make a list of things that people can do to help the environment and discuss your list with your partner. use public transportation (n.交通运输); … I think that everyone should use public transportation. I disagree. It’s difficult for parents with young children to use public transportation… Presentation 37 1、Have you ever taken part in environmental project? 你曾经参加过环保活动吗？（P100） 【知识点详解】 take part in中的in为介词，后接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。 ☞ I want to take part in your party。 我想参加你的聚会。 【易混辨析】 take part in/join/join in/attend take part in 指参加会议或群众性活动等，重点说明句子的主语参加该项活动，并在其中发挥作用。 When you take part in any performance, you get out as much as you put in. 你参加任何活动，你投入多少力量就会得到多少收获。 join 指加入某个党派、团体、组织等，如＂参军、入团、入党＂等。 He joined the Army five years ago.他5年前参了军。 join in 指参加某种活动，如＂游戏＂等，join in sth意为＂参加某事＂。 I hope everyone will join in the fun.我希望每个人都能参与这项娱乐活动。 attend 侧重参加或出席会议、学术活动、音乐会、上课等，着重强调成为其中的听众或观众。 Hundreds of students attended the lecture given by the famous professor.数百名学生参加了这位著名教授的讲座。 2、Yes, we can’t afford to wait any longer to take action! 是的，我们再也等不起了，（应该立刻）采取行动！（P100） 【知识点详解】 afford作动词，意为“承担得起（后果）；买得起”，常用在can、could、be able to等之后。afford sth.“买得起某物”；afford to do sth.“承担得起做某事”。 ☞I can’t afford the new TV.我买不起这台新电视。 ☞I hope I can afford to buy a big house one day. 我希望有一天我能买得起一所大房子。 3、For example, you can/could/should save electricity by turning off the lights when you leave a room. 例如，当你离开房间时，你可以/应该通过关灯来节约用电。（P100） 【知识点详解】知识点1： by的用法 by在此处作介词，意为“通过；靠”，表示方法、手段，其后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。 ☞Mr.Brown makes a living by selling vegetables. 布朗先生靠卖菜谋生。 知识点2： turn off 关掉 turn off为“动词+副词”型短语，指“切断（电流、煤气、水等）”。 ☞The lights are still on. Please turn them off. 灯还亮着，请把它们关掉。 ☞ Please remember to turn off the tap/turn the tap off after you wash your hands. 洗完手后请记得关水龙头。 【易混辨析】重点：turn on、turn off、turn up与turn down 0 4 Exercises Exercises Exercises 一、选择填空1. he Apple Watch is very beautiful, but it’s too expensive. So I can’t ______ it.A. save B. support C. offer D. afford2. — Mum, why do I have to wash hands so many times a day?—For your health, you ______ be too careful.A. can’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t3. Mr. Smith created a new game. Soon all his students _______ rules to play it. A. teach B. taught C. are taught D. were taught4. — Which teacher will you miss the most after graduation?— Mrs. Chen. She encouraged me a lot when I ______ the English exam.A. fail B. was failing C. failed D. have failed5. The documentary Aerial China (《航拍中国》) is wonderful. So far, I ____ it three times.A. watched B. will watch C. have watched D. watch √ √ √ √ √ Exercises 6. —What's the terrible noise?—It's John. He _______ the violin. A. practiced　 B. is practicing C. was practicing D. has practiced7. —How do we turn on the oven?—I _______ you, weren't you listening? A. tell　 B. am telling C. will tell 　 D. have told8. The old man always gets up at 5 a. m. He ______ up early.A. used to get B. is used to getting C. is used to get D. used to getting9. The man did a great job in fighting COVID-­19. He ______ on TV and becomes widely known. A. interviewed 　 B. has interviewed C. was interviewed　 D. will be interviewed10. A lot of teenagers think as they are older and wiser, they ______ to make their own decisions. A. should allow　 B. shouldn't allow C. should be allowed D. shouldn't be allowed √ √ √ √ √ Exercises 二、根据句意及提示写单词1. This kind of car is expensive. I can’t a__________ one.2. People should use r__________ bags when they go shopping.3. To cut down air pollution, we should use public t__________ .4. Last week they t__________part in the voluntary activity in the nursing home.5. The police took a__________quickly and prevented the bad guy from committing crimes.三、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空1. We should use _________ (use) bags instead of plastic bags.2. Look! Kate __________(dance) with her friends under the tree.3. Mobile phones mustn’t ___________ (bring) to the classroom in our school.4. The city is providing free ___________ (transport) to the stadium from downtown.5. He used to_________ (stay) at home, but now he is used to _________ (take) a walk after dinner. afford reusable transportation took action reusable is dancing be brought transportation stay taking Exercises 四、根据汉语意思完成句子1. 我们应该采取行动保护地球。We should ______ _______ to protect the earth.2. 你订购时就得付款。You have to ______ ______it when you order it.3. 离开教室的时候记着关灯。Remember to ______ ______the lights when you leave the classroom.4. 有多少个国家参加了上一届奥运会？How many countries ______ ______ ______the last Olympic Games?5. 这个周末我们打算去爬山，而不是去海边。We are going to go climbing _____ _____ ______to the seaside this weekend.6. 我妈妈过去常开车去上班，现在她经常乘公共汽车去上班。My mom_____ _____ _____ _____ _____, but she often goes to work by bus now. take action pay for turn off took part in instead of going used to drive to work 0 5 Summary Summary 1.Let me tell my worst day in my life. 2.I found I had left my wallet at home. 3.when I got to the shop, the computer I liked had been sold out 4.when Ihurried to the bus station,I found the last bus had left 5.It was a bad day ！ 重点句式 Summary Homework 0 6 Homework Homework 1. 熟记Grammar Focus 里面的句子。 2. 熟读Section B P101对应的单词； 预习课本P101，完成1a. Homework 49 Thank you! Lavf58.29.100 Packed by Bilibili XCoder v2.0.2 $$null