Unit 8 Natural disasters 单元话题阅读理解练习-2024-2025学年八年级英语上册单元重难点易错题精练（牛津译林版）

Unit 8 Natural disasters 单元话题阅读理解练习 （23-24八年级上·江苏泰州·期中） ①Have you ever heard that groundhogs can predict (预测) the end of winter? How about that elephants never forget things? Or that dogs can smell the strange? That may not be 100% true. However, many animals do have stronger senses than humans. ②Do animals have a sixth sense that can tell the future? That may sound out of this world. However, many events seem to support this idea. ③Thousands of years ago, a big earthquake hit Helike, Greece. Buildings came down. Many people were hurt. But there was something amazing. The city’s animals acted strangely days before the earthquake. Rats and snakes ran from the city in groups. Did they know an earthquake was coming? In 1975, one million people had to leave their hometown, Haicheng, Liaoning Province with the help of Chinese government. Why? They believed a disaster was coming. They thought this, in part, because of animals’ strange behaviours. Just days later, a large earthquake hit the city. Experts (专家) said 150,000 could have lost their lives if people stayed in the city at that time. In December 2004, the animals of Sri Lanka were acting strange. Elephants ran around. Dogs wouldn’t go outside. Zoo animals wouldn’t leave their home. Soon after people saw these strange behaviours, a tsunami (海啸) hit the island. ④Animals seem to be pretty good at predicting (预测) disasters. But it doesn’t stop there! Some of them even seem to sense small changes in the weather before they happen. Bees are known to find places before it rains. Dairy farmers say they can tell a big storm is coming when their cows lie down. Cats and dogs are also said to know when a storm is on its way, as are birds and turtles. Can animals really tell the future? ⑤Experts say it’s unlikely (不可能的) that animals can tell the future. However, they might hear or feel the earthquake before people do. Even though scientists have not proved animals have the ability to predict disasters before they happen and animals’ predictions aren’t always right, it’s not bad to pay attention to the animals. 1．According to the passage, we know many animals ________. A．can tell the future in different ways B．have better sense abilities than humans C．act strangely after some natural disasters D．use the sixth sense to predict earthquakes 2．The word “behaviours” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________”. A．actions B．senses C．ideas D．feelings 3．How many examples do the writer use in Paragraph 3 to support the idea that animals can tell the future? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four D．Five. 4．What’s Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Animals are good at helping farmers. B．Animals are good at finding their homes. C．Animals seem to know the future problems. D．Animals seem to know the weather changes. 5．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Can Animals Predict the Future? B．Do Animals Have Stronger Senses? C．How Do Animals Save People’s Life? D．What Are Animals’ Ways to Tell the Future? 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讨论了动物是否能够预知未来，尤其是否能够预测自然灾害。 1．细节理解题。根据“However, many animals do have stronger senses than humans.”可知，动物的感官比人类要灵敏。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Elephants ran around. Dogs wouldn’t go outside. Zoo animals wouldn’t leave their home. Soon after people saw these strange behaviours, a tsunami (海啸) hit the island.”可知，人们是根据动物的奇怪行为，预测到了灾难，因此behaviours意为“行为”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Thousands of years ago, a big earthquake hit Helike, Greece.” “In 1975, one million people had to leave their hometown, Haicheng, Liaoning Province with the help of Chinese government.” “In December 2004, the animals of Sri Lanka were acting strange.…Soon after people saw these strange behaviours, a tsunami (海啸) hit the island.”可知，第三段中列举了三个例子：希利克的地震、海城的地震、以及斯里兰卡的海啸。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据“Animals seem to be pretty good at predicting (预测) disasters. But it doesn’t stop there! Some of them even seem to sense small changes in the weather before they happen.”可知，这一段主要在讲动物可以感知到天气的微妙变化。故选D。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了动物是否能够预知未来，尤其是否能够预测自然灾害。选项A“动物可以预知未来吗？”符合主旨。故选A。 （23-24八年级上·江苏泰州·期中） ①Buea, a city in Cameroon, had heavy rain on March 23. Flood ran through streets in the city and it caused big problems. The rain water went into people’s homes and it also made mudslides. ②Two people died because of the flood and many others were hurt or lost their things. ③Greenpeace Africa, a group who cares about the environment, said they are sorry for the families that lost someone. They also said that the government should do more to help before the rain comes so that people can be safe. It is important for the government to be ready before it rains a lot. They can make sure there are no things like litter or branches (树枝) blocking the water. They can also make sure that people know when it is going to rain a lot, so that they can be prepared. ④The government said that they would help the people who were hurt or lost their homes because of the flood. They would give them things they need like food and clothes. ⑤Flood happens every year in different places. It is important for people to be careful when it rains a lot, and to listen to the government when it says what to do. 1．How did you like the rain in Buea on March 23? ________ A．Light. B．Terrible. C．Helpful. D．Important. 2．________should do more to help before the rain comes. A．Greenpeace Africa B．The people in the city C．The government D．The local policemen 3．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “blocking” in Chinese? ________ A．堵塞 B．漂浮 C．下沉 D．淹没 4．The writer wants to ________when it rains a lot by saying the last sentence. A．tell people what to do B．tell people who can help them C．ask people to stay at home D．ask people how to keep safe 5．Which shows the structure of the passage? ________ A．①②//③//④⑤ B．①//②//③④⑤ C．①//②③//④⑤ D．①②//③④//⑤ 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了喀麦隆布埃阿城市在2023年3月23日遭遇暴雨，导致城市街道被洪水淹没，给市民带来了很大的问题。地方政府表示将帮助受灾的人们，提供食物和衣物等必需品。文章还告诫人们洪水每年都会在不同地方发生，人们在暴雨天要小心，并听从政府的建议。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Buea, a city in Cameroon, had heavy rain on March 23. Flood ran through streets in the city and it caused big problems. The rain water went into people’s homes and it also made mudslides.”可知，3月23日，喀麦隆布埃阿城市的雨非常大。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“They also said that the government should do more to help before the rain comes so that people can be safe.”可知，政府应该提前做些防范措施。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段“They can make sure there are no things like litter or branches (树枝) blocking the water.”可知，要确定没有垃圾或树枝去堵住水流，所以可推断划线单词“blocking”的中文意思是“堵塞”。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It is important for people to be careful when it rains a lot, and to listen to the government when it says what to do.”可知，作者想通过最后一句去告诉人们下雨时应该做什么。故选A。 5．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一二段介绍了喀麦隆的布埃阿城市这场暴雨带来的灾害；第三四段介绍了政府救灾做是事情；第五段总结如何应对暴雨。故选D。 （23-24八年级上·江苏苏州·阶段练习）One night, Laura and her family were sleeping in their home. Their dog Scruffy was asleep next to Laura. It was 4:36 a.m. and it was quiet. There were no cars passing in the street and no noise could be heard. It was like everything was still. Laura always put a cup of water next to her bed, so that if she got thirsty during the night, she didn’t have to walk all the way to the kitchen. Suddenly, the furniture started shaking (摇晃), and the cup of water fell to the floor. Scruffy started barking (吠) and it woke up Laura. She looked around and saw that everything was shaking. She started shouting. Soon after, her father came in and told her to come out quickly. It was an earthquake (地震). Laura was so scared, and couldn’t move. Her father went in and picked her up. He took her outside, where Laura’s mother and brother already were. Laura and her brother were crying. They didn’t understand what was happening. Luckily, Laura’s mother had prepared an emergency (急救) box and had it outside. She looked for the key, and unlocked the box. She pulled out blankets to keep her children warm. Laura looked at her mother and took the blanket. She then saw her dad take a flashlight from the box. He used the flashlight to see if the house had any damage. The father knew the house was not safe, so they stayed up until someone could examine the house. The next day, the children didn’t go to school due to (由于) the earthquake, so they spent the day with their parents. Laura was so proud of her parents, because they knew what to do during this disaster (灾难). Thinking of this, Laura went up to her mother and father and hugged them, because she felt the protection of her parents. 1．The underlined word “still” in Paragraph 1 means ________. A．quiet B．noisy C．existing D．gone 2．During the night, Laura’s cup of water fell to the floor because of ________. A．the dog’s hark B．her father’s arrival C．an earthquake D．some wind 3．How many people are there probably in Laura’s family? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 4．Which is the right order of the story? a. Laura ran to hug her parents.    b. Laura found that everything was shaking. c. Laura put a cup of water next to her bed.    d. Laura took the blanket to keep herself warm. e. Laura’s father used a flashlight to see the house. A．c—b—d—e—a B．a—d—e—c—b C．c—d—b—e—a D．a—b—c—d—e 5．From the passage, we know ________. A．the earthquake happened in the evening B．Laura’s mother worked in a hospital C．there was an emergency box in Laura’s family D．Laura still went to school the next day 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章描述了Laura和她的家人凌晨遭遇地震的经历。为了保护家人，Laura的父母临危不乱，让一家人在地震中转危为安。Laura以父母为傲。 1．词义猜测题。根据“It was 4:36 a.m. and it was quiet. There were no cars passing in the street and no noise could be heard.”可知，凌晨4点36分非常安静，街道上也没有汽车通过，什么噪音都听不到。由此推知，此时一切都是寂静的，划线单词相当于quiet。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Suddenly, the furniture started shaking (摇晃), and the cup of water fell to the floor. ”可知，突然家具开始晃动，水杯掉落到地板上；根据第三段“It was an earthquake.”可知，由于地震水杯掉落在地。故选C。 3．细节理解题。阅读文章可知，文章中提到Laura、她的弟弟和她的父母。由此可知，Laura家很可能有四个人。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Laura always put a cup of water next to her bed”：“She looked around and saw that everything was shaking.”可知，c和b分别排在第一位和第二位，排除BCD，故选A。 5．细节理解题。根据“Luckily, Laura’s mother had prepared an emergency (急救) box and had it outside.”可知，Laura的母亲在家里准备了急救箱，故选C。 （24-25八年级上·江苏·课后作业）Maybe you know floods, earthquakes, sandstorms and so on. But have you heard of typhoons? Typhoons are one of the worst storms, usually around the Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea. Most typhoons happen in July, August and September. How does a typhoon happen? When lots of sea water gets hot in summer, it evaporates (蒸发) into the air. This makes the air hotter. When the air gets warm enough, it starts to move higher up into the sky. Then cooler air around it rushes in. It fills the space that is left. After the air gets warmer, it starts to move quickly, making wind. The wind goes in circles (圆圈) and keeps moving higher in the sky. The warmer the air gets, the quicker the wind moves. And when the wind moves faster than 30 metres a second, a typhoon begins. A typhoon has two parts, and one is called the “eye”. In the eye, the wind does not move so fast. The other part is the wall of clouds around the eye. Here is the strongest wind and hardest rain. Typhoons are very dangerous. In August, 2017, Typhoon Hato killed 24 people in China. What to do when a typhoon hits? ·Stay inside. Close all the windows and stay away from them. ·Try to bring all of your things inside. Strong wind could even blow away your bikes! ·Listen to the radio or watch TV for important information. ·If you’re told to go to a safer place, do it right now. 1．This passage is most probably from ________. A．an advertisement B．a travel record C．a weather report D．a science magazine 2．Typhoons often happen ________. A．in the hot season B．in the cold season C．only in China D．under the sea 3．In which order does a typhoon happen? a. The wind moves fast enough, and a typhoon starts.   b. The air moves quickly, making wind. c. The sun makes sea water hot.   d. The air gets warmer. A．d-c-b-a B．c-d-b-a C．c-d-a-b D．d-b-a-c 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The warmer the air gets, the more slowly the wind moves. B．A few people died because of Typhoon Hato around the world. C．The strongest wind and hardest rain are in the wall of clouds. D．A typhoon will not happen before the wind goes faster than 30 km a second. 5．When a typhoon comes, we had better NOT ________. A．close all the windows B．listen to typhoon news C．stay in the strong house D．go outside 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了什么是台风，台风是怎样形成的，以及发生台风的时候我们应该怎么办。 1．推理判断题。根据文章可知，本文主要介绍了什么是台风，台风是怎样形成的，以及发生台风的时候我们应该怎么办。由此推知本文来源于科学杂志。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Most typhoons happen in July, August and September.”可知，大多数台风发生在7、8、9三个月份，再根据第三段“When lots of sea water gets hot in summer, it evaporates (蒸发) into the air.”可推知，台风多发生在炎热的季节。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“When lots of sea water gets hot in the summer sun, it evaporates into the air.”可知，太阳使海水变热（对应c）；根据“This makes the air hotter”可知，空气变热（对应d）；根据“it starts to move quickly, making wind”可知，热空气快速的流动，形成风（对应b）；根据“when the wind moves faster than 30 metres a second, a typhoon begins”可知，当风速超过每秒钟30米的时候，就形成了台风（对应a）。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段“The other part is the wall of clouds around the eye. Here are the strongest winds and hardest rains”可知，另一部分是在风眼附近的云墙，这里风最大，雨最强。故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据“What to do when a typhoon hits? Stay inside. Close all the windows and stay away from them.”可知，台风来临时，待在室内，不要外出。故选D。 （23-24八年级下·江苏南京·期末）In the 1920s, wheat farmers on the Great Plains(大平原) were making a lot of money. This made many other people want to be farmers, too. But no one tried to stop the farmers from plowing almost all the land and cutting down most of the trees. Still, everything was fine until 1931. This was the beginning of a terrible drought—a long period without rain. The beautiful wheat fields dried up, and the crops died. Then there were no plants to keep the soil in place. All that was left was bare, ugly, dry dirt. Then the wind started to blow. With no trees to prevent it, the wind gathered up the soil into huge black clouds that travelled for miles. These clouds were called dust storms, and it was impossible for people to get away from them. Dirt is collected in people’s houses. It fell into their food. It got into their noses, mouths, and eyes. People wore masks, but the dust still clogged their lungs, causing many people to get sick. The dust even fell very high in a few places. Everything was buried in the dust, and farm animals died without food. The serious storms punished everyone and everything. The Great Plains became known as the Dust Bowl. This was the worst natural disaster ever to hit the United States. But some people believed the farmers deserved what happened to them because they did not care for the soil. They said the disaster could be prevented if the farmers were wiser and more careful. Mini-dictionary: 1. plow /plaʊ/v. 耕      2. bare /beə (r)/adj. 荒 芜 的 3. clog/klɒg/v. 堵塞    4. lung /lʌŋ/n. 肺     5. bury/'beri/v. 掩埋    6. deserve /di'zə:v/v. 应得 1．Where may this article come from? A．A news report. B．A tour guide. C．An environmental report. D．A biology magazine. 2．How was a dust storm formed on the Great Plains? a. Crops died and there was no plant to keep the soil. b. A terrible drought happened and fields dried up. c. Most of the trees on the plains were cut down. d. Wind blew and gathered up the soil into black clouds. A．b-c-a-d B．b-a-c-d C．c-b-a-d D．c-a-b-d 3．Which of the following isn’t the result of the dust storm? A．Many people got sick. B．The fields were polluted. C．Animals died without food. D．The Plain became a dust bowl. 4．Which of the following is an opinion about the dust storm? A．This was the worst natural disaster. B．The dust still clogged their lungs. C．Huge black clouds travelled for miles. D．Dirt collected in people’s houses. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。20世纪30年代美国大平原遭遇严重干旱，因过度耕作和砍伐树木导致土壤流失，造成沙尘暴，这是美国史上最严重的自然灾害。 1．推理判断题。文章主要讲述了美国大平原地区的人们因过度耕作和砍伐导致土壤流失，进而形成沙尘暴的环境问题。因此，这篇文章很可能来自一份环境报告，而非新闻报道、旅游指南或生物学杂志。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第一段最后的“and cutting down most of the trees”可知，大平原上的大部分树木被砍伐（c）；根据第二段第二句中的“This was the beginning of a terrible drought”以及第三句中的“The beautiful wheat fields dried up”可知，发生了可怕的干旱，而且田地干涸了（b）；根据第二段第三句的后半句“and the crops died”以及第四句“Then there were no plants to keep the soil in place.”可知，接着庄稼死亡，没有植物可以固定土壤（a）；根据第三段中的“Then the wind started to blow.”以及“the wind gathered up the soil into huge black clouds”可知，风吹起土壤，聚集成巨大的黑云（d）。因此，尘暴形成的顺序是c-b-a-d。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“causing many people to get sick”“and farm animals died without food”以及“The Great Plains became known as the Dust Bowl.”可知，在文章中提到，沙尘暴使得人们生病（A项），动物因为没有食物而死亡（C项），大平原变成了尘暴区（D项），但并未提到田地受到污染。故选B。 4．观点态度题。文章中提到“This was the worst natural disaster ever to hit the United States”，这句话是对尘暴事件的评价和看法，因此A选项“这是最严重的自然灾害”是文章中的一个观点。B、C、D三个选项都是对尘暴现象的描述，而非观点。故选A。 （23-24八年级上·江苏盐城·期末）In late June 2018, the weather report said there would be heavy rain in western Japan, but no one was prepared for what would happen. By mid-July, large areas were flooded. Some areas received over 100 centimeters of rain. Cars and trucks floated (漂浮) down the streets. Whole buildings were washed away. At least 225 people died, and millions had to leave their homes. The weather is changing. Over the last few years, heavy rains caused (导致) floods in many parts of the world. There were droughts (干旱) in Brazil and Australia. High temperatures in Europe killed thousands. There were more hurricanes (飓风) in America. As more wild weather events happen, people are asking questions: What is happening with the weather? And why? Is this natural, or are we to blame (指责)? The answer seems to be: a little of both. Wild weather is natural. But most scientists believe human activity makes the Earth warmer. The higher temperatures cause more water to enter the air. This causes heavier rain. Many scientists also believe global warming (全球变暖) makes more hurricanes and other storms stronger. This means we will see more wild weather. “But we don’t have to just stand there and do nothing,” says scientist Michael Oppenheimer. He and other scientists say we need to stop the Earth from getting warmer. We also need to be prepared, to do things that will help save lives. 1．The writer writes paragraph 2 to ________. A．give examples of natural disasters B．describe the big flood in Japan C．show how the weather will change D．ask people to protect the Earth 2．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．human activity B．a dangerous storm C．more wild weather D．the loss caused by bad weather 3．Which of the following may Michael want to say to us? A．It’s too late to protect the Earth. B．We should do something to stop global warming. C．There are no ways to prevent natural disasters. D．Stand there patiently, and we can save our lives. 4．What’s the main idea of the article? A．Scientists try to find out why the weather is changing. B．There were many natural disasters around the world last year. C．Global warming causes wild weather and we should take action. D．A terrible flood hit Japan and made lots of people leave their homes. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章叙述因为地球变暖，气候发生变化，从而导致自然灾害不断发生，人类应为改善气候而做出努力。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“There were droughts (干旱) in Brazil and Australia. High temperatures in Europe killed thousands. There were more hurricanes (飓风) in America.”可知，作者举自然灾害的例子。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“As more wild weather events happen, people are asking questions: What is happening with the weather? And why? Is this natural”以及第四段中的“Wild weather is natural.”可知，划线词“this”指代的是上文中的“more wild weather”。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“‘But we don’t have to just stand there and do nothing,’ says scientist Michael Oppenheimer. He and other scientists say we need to stop the Earth from getting warmer.”可知，Michael想要告诉我们我们应该采取措施阻止全球变暖。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要叙述全球变暖造成恶劣天气，我们应该采取行动阻止全球变暖，所以C项正确。故选C。 （22-23八年级上·江苏徐州·期末）On June 18 at 10:55 p.m., Mrs. Zhang was in bed in her home in Chengdu. Suddenly, from outside her house, she heard a loud voice counting “10, 9, 8, 7...” It was an earthquake warning. Just a few seconds before the warning started, an earthquake had started more than 200 kilometers away. Mrs. Zhang immediately got out of bed and ran downstairs to find a safe place. All over Chengdu, there are hundreds of speakers ready to give people early warnings and time to get out of danger. Earthquake warning systems work because radio signals（信号）are able to travel faster than earthquakes do. If an earthquake starts, a warning is sent out by radio. Cities that are further away get a longer warning time. According to earthquake research, just three seconds is enough time to save 14% of deaths from an earthquake. 1．When did the earthquake happen? A．In the morning. B．At noon. C．In the afternoon. D．At night. 2．A “warning” ________. A．helps people to calm down B．stops people from making mistakes C．tells people about good news D．gives people notice of possible danger 3．What’s the best title for this passage? A．Chengdu: after an earthquake B．Chengdu: no more earthquakes C．Chengdu: prepared for earthquakes D．Chengdu: 3 seconds in an earthquake 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 【导语】本文介绍了地震预警系统的工作原理以及在地震发生时如何利用预警时间采取行动以减少人员伤亡。地震预警系统通过无线电信号传递信息，使人们有更多的时间逃离危险区域。据研究，仅三秒钟的预警时间就足以拯救14%的生命。 1．细节理解题。根据“On June 18 at 10:55 p.m., Mrs. Zhang was in bed in her home in Chengdu. Suddenly, from outside her house, she heard a loud voice counting ‘10, 9, 8, 7...’ ”可知，地震发生在晚上。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“It was an earthquake warning. Just a few seconds before the warning started, an earthquake had started more than 200 kilometers away.”可知，这是一个地震警报。就在警报发出前几秒钟，200多公里外发生了地震。推测出警报通知人们可能存在的危险。故选D。 3．最佳标题题。根据“All over Chengdu, there are hundreds of speakers ready to give people early warnings and time to get out of danger.”可知，本文重点介绍了成都的地震预警系统，以及该市在地震发生时如何做好减少人员伤亡的准备。因此“成都：做好地震准备”适合作文本文的标题。故选C。 （21-22八年级上·江苏宿迁·期末）Maybe you know floods, droughts, earthquakes, sandstorms and so on. But have ever heard of typhoons(台风)? Typhoons are some of the worst storms, usually around the Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea. Most happen in July, August and September. How does a typhoon happen? When lots of sea water gets hot in the summer sun, it evaporates(蒸发) into the air. This makes the air hotter. When the air gets warm enough, it starts to move higher up into the sky. Then, cooler air around it rushes in. It fills the space that is left. After the air gets warmer, it starts to move quickly, making wind. The wind goes in circles(圆圈), and it keeps moving higher in the sky. The warmer the air gets, the quicker the wind moves. And when the wind moves faster than 30 meters a second, a typhoon begins. A typhoon has two parts, One is called the “eye”. In the eye, the wind does not move so fast. The other part is the wall of clouds around the eye. This is where the strongest with and hardest rains are. Typhoons are very dangerous. Once, the typhoon killed 6100 people in Philippines(菲律宾). More people went missing. What to do when a typhoon hits: Stay inside. Close all the windows and stay away from them. Try to bring all of your things inside. Strong winds could even blow away your bikes! Listen to the radio or TV for important information. 1．Typhoons often happen ________. A．in the hot season B．in the cold season C．only in China D．under the sea 2．When a typhoon comes, we cannot ________. A．close all the windows B．listen to typhoon news C．stay inside the strong house D．go outside at once 3．This passage is most probably from ________. A．an advertisement B．a travel record C．a weather report D．a science magazine 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 【导语】本文介绍了台风的形成过程和组成部分及危害以及台风来临时，我们该做什么。 1．细节理解题。根据“Most happen in July, August and September”可知，台风发生在炎热的季节。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Stay inside”可知，当台风来临时，要待在室内。故选D。 3．推理判断题。本文介绍了有关台风的知识，属于科普类，故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 8 Natural disasters 单元话题阅读理解练习 （23-24八年级上·江苏泰州·期中） ①Have you ever heard that groundhogs can predict (预测) the end of winter? How about that elephants never forget things? Or that dogs can smell the strange? That may not be 100% true. However, many animals do have stronger senses than humans. ②Do animals have a sixth sense that can tell the future? That may sound out of this world. However, many events seem to support this idea. ③Thousands of years ago, a big earthquake hit Helike, Greece. Buildings came down. Many people were hurt. But there was something amazing. The city’s animals acted strangely days before the earthquake. Rats and snakes ran from the city in groups. Did they know an earthquake was coming? In 1975, one million people had to leave their hometown, Haicheng, Liaoning Province with the help of Chinese government. Why? They believed a disaster was coming. They thought this, in part, because of animals’ strange behaviours. Just days later, a large earthquake hit the city. Experts (专家) said 150,000 could have lost their lives if people stayed in the city at that time. In December 2004, the animals of Sri Lanka were acting strange. Elephants ran around. Dogs wouldn’t go outside. Zoo animals wouldn’t leave their home. Soon after people saw these strange behaviours, a tsunami (海啸) hit the island. ④Animals seem to be pretty good at predicting (预测) disasters. But it doesn’t stop there! Some of them even seem to sense small changes in the weather before they happen. Bees are known to find places before it rains. Dairy farmers say they can tell a big storm is coming when their cows lie down. Cats and dogs are also said to know when a storm is on its way, as are birds and turtles. Can animals really tell the future? ⑤Experts say it’s unlikely (不可能的) that animals can tell the future. However, they might hear or feel the earthquake before people do. Even though scientists have not proved animals have the ability to predict disasters before they happen and animals’ predictions aren’t always right, it’s not bad to pay attention to the animals. 1．According to the passage, we know many animals ________. A．can tell the future in different ways B．have better sense abilities than humans C．act strangely after some natural disasters D．use the sixth sense to predict earthquakes 2．The word “behaviours” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________”. A．actions B．senses C．ideas D．feelings 3．How many examples do the writer use in Paragraph 3 to support the idea that animals can tell the future? A．Two. B．Three. C．Four D．Five. 4．What’s Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Animals are good at helping farmers. B．Animals are good at finding their homes. C．Animals seem to know the future problems. D．Animals seem to know the weather changes. 5．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Can Animals Predict the Future? B．Do Animals Have Stronger Senses? C．How Do Animals Save People’s Life? D．What Are Animals’ Ways to Tell the Future? （23-24八年级上·江苏泰州·期中） ①Buea, a city in Cameroon, had heavy rain on March 23. Flood ran through streets in the city and it caused big problems. The rain water went into people’s homes and it also made mudslides. ②Two people died because of the flood and many others were hurt or lost their things. ③Greenpeace Africa, a group who cares about the environment, said they are sorry for the families that lost someone. They also said that the government should do more to help before the rain comes so that people can be safe. It is important for the government to be ready before it rains a lot. They can make sure there are no things like litter or branches (树枝) blocking the water. They can also make sure that people know when it is going to rain a lot, so that they can be prepared. ④The government said that they would help the people who were hurt or lost their homes because of the flood. They would give them things they need like food and clothes. ⑤Flood happens every year in different places. It is important for people to be careful when it rains a lot, and to listen to the government when it says what to do. 1．How did you like the rain in Buea on March 23? ________ A．Light. B．Terrible. C．Helpful. D．Important. 2．________should do more to help before the rain comes. A．Greenpeace Africa B．The people in the city C．The government D．The local policemen 3．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “blocking” in Chinese? ________ A．堵塞 B．漂浮 C．下沉 D．淹没 4．The writer wants to ________when it rains a lot by saying the last sentence. A．tell people what to do B．tell people who can help them C．ask people to stay at home D．ask people how to keep safe 5．Which shows the structure of the passage? ________ A．①②//③//④⑤ B．①//②//③④⑤ C．①//②③//④⑤ D．①②//③④//⑤ （23-24八年级上·江苏苏州·阶段练习）One night, Laura and her family were sleeping in their home. Their dog Scruffy was asleep next to Laura. It was 4:36 a.m. and it was quiet. There were no cars passing in the street and no noise could be heard. It was like everything was still. Laura always put a cup of water next to her bed, so that if she got thirsty during the night, she didn’t have to walk all the way to the kitchen. Suddenly, the furniture started shaking (摇晃), and the cup of water fell to the floor. Scruffy started barking (吠) and it woke up Laura. She looked around and saw that everything was shaking. She started shouting. Soon after, her father came in and told her to come out quickly. It was an earthquake (地震). Laura was so scared, and couldn’t move. Her father went in and picked her up. He took her outside, where Laura’s mother and brother already were. Laura and her brother were crying. They didn’t understand what was happening. Luckily, Laura’s mother had prepared an emergency (急救) box and had it outside. She looked for the key, and unlocked the box. She pulled out blankets to keep her children warm. Laura looked at her mother and took the blanket. She then saw her dad take a flashlight from the box. He used the flashlight to see if the house had any damage. The father knew the house was not safe, so they stayed up until someone could examine the house. The next day, the children didn’t go to school due to (由于) the earthquake, so they spent the day with their parents. Laura was so proud of her parents, because they knew what to do during this disaster (灾难). Thinking of this, Laura went up to her mother and father and hugged them, because she felt the protection of her parents. 1．The underlined word “still” in Paragraph 1 means ________. A．quiet B．noisy C．existing D．gone 2．During the night, Laura’s cup of water fell to the floor because of ________. A．the dog’s hark B．her father’s arrival C．an earthquake D．some wind 3．How many people are there probably in Laura’s family? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six. 4．Which is the right order of the story? a. Laura ran to hug her parents.    b. Laura found that everything was shaking. c. Laura put a cup of water next to her bed.    d. Laura took the blanket to keep herself warm. e. Laura’s father used a flashlight to see the house. A．c—b—d—e—a B．a—d—e—c—b C．c—d—b—e—a D．a—b—c—d—e 5．From the passage, we know ________. A．the earthquake happened in the evening B．Laura’s mother worked in a hospital C．there was an emergency box in Laura’s family D．Laura still went to school the next day （24-25八年级上·江苏·课后作业）Maybe you know floods, earthquakes, sandstorms and so on. But have you heard of typhoons? Typhoons are one of the worst storms, usually around the Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea. Most typhoons happen in July, August and September. How does a typhoon happen? When lots of sea water gets hot in summer, it evaporates (蒸发) into the air. This makes the air hotter. When the air gets warm enough, it starts to move higher up into the sky. Then cooler air around it rushes in. It fills the space that is left. After the air gets warmer, it starts to move quickly, making wind. The wind goes in circles (圆圈) and keeps moving higher in the sky. The warmer the air gets, the quicker the wind moves. And when the wind moves faster than 30 metres a second, a typhoon begins. A typhoon has two parts, and one is called the “eye”. In the eye, the wind does not move so fast. The other part is the wall of clouds around the eye. Here is the strongest wind and hardest rain. Typhoons are very dangerous. In August, 2017, Typhoon Hato killed 24 people in China. What to do when a typhoon hits? ·Stay inside. Close all the windows and stay away from them. ·Try to bring all of your things inside. Strong wind could even blow away your bikes! ·Listen to the radio or watch TV for important information. ·If you’re told to go to a safer place, do it right now. 1．This passage is most probably from ________. A．an advertisement B．a travel record C．a weather report D．a science magazine 2．Typhoons often happen ________. A．in the hot season B．in the cold season C．only in China D．under the sea 3．In which order does a typhoon happen? a. The wind moves fast enough, and a typhoon starts.   b. The air moves quickly, making wind. c. The sun makes sea water hot.   d. The air gets warmer. A．d-c-b-a B．c-d-b-a C．c-d-a-b D．d-b-a-c 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．The warmer the air gets, the more slowly the wind moves. B．A few people died because of Typhoon Hato around the world. C．The strongest wind and hardest rain are in the wall of clouds. D．A typhoon will not happen before the wind goes faster than 30 km a second. 5．When a typhoon comes, we had better NOT ________. A．close all the windows B．listen to typhoon news C．stay in the strong house D．go outside （23-24八年级下·江苏南京·期末）In the 1920s, wheat farmers on the Great Plains(大平原) were making a lot of money. This made many other people want to be farmers, too. But no one tried to stop the farmers from plowing almost all the land and cutting down most of the trees. Still, everything was fine until 1931. This was the beginning of a terrible drought—a long period without rain. The beautiful wheat fields dried up, and the crops died. Then there were no plants to keep the soil in place. All that was left was bare, ugly, dry dirt. Then the wind started to blow. With no trees to prevent it, the wind gathered up the soil into huge black clouds that travelled for miles. These clouds were called dust storms, and it was impossible for people to get away from them. Dirt is collected in people’s houses. It fell into their food. It got into their noses, mouths, and eyes. People wore masks, but the dust still clogged their lungs, causing many people to get sick. The dust even fell very high in a few places. Everything was buried in the dust, and farm animals died without food. The serious storms punished everyone and everything. The Great Plains became known as the Dust Bowl. This was the worst natural disaster ever to hit the United States. But some people believed the farmers deserved what happened to them because they did not care for the soil. They said the disaster could be prevented if the farmers were wiser and more careful. Mini-dictionary: 1. plow /plaʊ/v. 耕      2. bare /beə (r)/adj. 荒 芜 的 3. clog/klɒg/v. 堵塞    4. lung /lʌŋ/n. 肺     5. bury/'beri/v. 掩埋    6. deserve /di'zə:v/v. 应得 1．Where may this article come from? A．A news report. B．A tour guide. C．An environmental report. D．A biology magazine. 2．How was a dust storm formed on the Great Plains? a. Crops died and there was no plant to keep the soil. b. A terrible drought happened and fields dried up. c. Most of the trees on the plains were cut down. d. Wind blew and gathered up the soil into black clouds. A．b-c-a-d B．b-a-c-d C．c-b-a-d D．c-a-b-d 3．Which of the following isn’t the result of the dust storm? A．Many people got sick. B．The fields were polluted. C．Animals died without food. D．The Plain became a dust bowl. 4．Which of the following is an opinion about the dust storm? A．This was the worst natural disaster. B．The dust still clogged their lungs. C．Huge black clouds travelled for miles. D．Dirt collected in people’s houses. （23-24八年级上·江苏盐城·期末）In late June 2018, the weather report said there would be heavy rain in western Japan, but no one was prepared for what would happen. By mid-July, large areas were flooded. Some areas received over 100 centimeters of rain. Cars and trucks floated (漂浮) down the streets. Whole buildings were washed away. At least 225 people died, and millions had to leave their homes. The weather is changing. Over the last few years, heavy rains caused (导致) floods in many parts of the world. There were droughts (干旱) in Brazil and Australia. High temperatures in Europe killed thousands. There were more hurricanes (飓风) in America. As more wild weather events happen, people are asking questions: What is happening with the weather? And why? Is this natural, or are we to blame (指责)? The answer seems to be: a little of both. Wild weather is natural. But most scientists believe human activity makes the Earth warmer. The higher temperatures cause more water to enter the air. This causes heavier rain. Many scientists also believe global warming (全球变暖) makes more hurricanes and other storms stronger. This means we will see more wild weather. “But we don’t have to just stand there and do nothing,” says scientist Michael Oppenheimer. He and other scientists say we need to stop the Earth from getting warmer. We also need to be prepared, to do things that will help save lives. 1．The writer writes paragraph 2 to ________. A．give examples of natural disasters B．describe the big flood in Japan C．show how the weather will change D．ask people to protect the Earth 2．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．human activity B．a dangerous storm C．more wild weather D．the loss caused by bad weather 3．Which of the following may Michael want to say to us? A．It’s too late to protect the Earth. B．We should do something to stop global warming. C．There are no ways to prevent natural disasters. D．Stand there patiently, and we can save our lives. 4．What’s the main idea of the article? A．Scientists try to find out why the weather is changing. B．There were many natural disasters around the world last year. C．Global warming causes wild weather and we should take action. D．A terrible flood hit Japan and made lots of people leave their homes. （22-23八年级上·江苏徐州·期末）On June 18 at 10:55 p.m., Mrs. Zhang was in bed in her home in Chengdu. Suddenly, from outside her house, she heard a loud voice counting “10, 9, 8, 7...” It was an earthquake warning. Just a few seconds before the warning started, an earthquake had started more than 200 kilometers away. Mrs. Zhang immediately got out of bed and ran downstairs to find a safe place. All over Chengdu, there are hundreds of speakers ready to give people early warnings and time to get out of danger. Earthquake warning systems work because radio signals（信号）are able to travel faster than earthquakes do. If an earthquake starts, a warning is sent out by radio. Cities that are further away get a longer warning time. According to earthquake research, just three seconds is enough time to save 14% of deaths from an earthquake. 1．When did the earthquake happen? A．In the morning. B．At noon. C．In the afternoon. D．At night. 2．A “warning” ________. A．helps people to calm down B．stops people from making mistakes C．tells people about good news D．gives people notice of possible danger 3．What’s the best title for this passage? A．Chengdu: after an earthquake B．Chengdu: no more earthquakes C．Chengdu: prepared for earthquakes D．Chengdu: 3 seconds in an earthquake （21-22八年级上·江苏宿迁·期末）Maybe you know floods, droughts, earthquakes, sandstorms and so on. But have ever heard of typhoons(台风)? Typhoons are some of the worst storms, usually around the Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea. Most happen in July, August and September. How does a typhoon happen? When lots of sea water gets hot in the summer sun, it evaporates(蒸发) into the air. This makes the air hotter. When the air gets warm enough, it starts to move higher up into the sky. Then, cooler air around it rushes in. It fills the space that is left. After the air gets warmer, it starts to move quickly, making wind. The wind goes in circles(圆圈), and it keeps moving higher in the sky. The warmer the air gets, the quicker the wind moves. And when the wind moves faster than 30 meters a second, a typhoon begins. A typhoon has two parts, One is called the “eye”. In the eye, the wind does not move so fast. The other part is the wall of clouds around the eye. This is where the strongest with and hardest rains are. Typhoons are very dangerous. Once, the typhoon killed 6100 people in Philippines(菲律宾). More people went missing. What to do when a typhoon hits: Stay inside. Close all the windows and stay away from them. Try to bring all of your things inside. Strong winds could even blow away your bikes! Listen to the radio or TV for important information. 1．Typhoons often happen ________. A．in the hot season B．in the cold season C．only in China D．under the sea 2．When a typhoon comes, we cannot ________. A．close all the windows B．listen to typhoon news C．stay inside the strong house D．go outside at once 3．This passage is most probably from ________. A．an advertisement B．a travel record C．a weather report D．a science magazine 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$