串讲01 Unit 1～2 单元语法知识点梳理【考点串讲PPT】-2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期末考点大串讲（上教版2020选择性必修第二册）

高二英语期末考试复习 上教版2020 选择性必修第二册 Unit 1-2 不定式 Revision of Infinitive 上教版选择性必修二 Unit 1 重难点回顾 不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。 不定式 结构 : to do (否定) not/never to do 二. 时态与语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 进行式 完成式 完成进行式 不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to have been doing ---------- ---------- (1).They pretended not to see us. (2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it before. (一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在 它之后.) (在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行) (完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前) (4).We’re happy to have been working with you. (完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的 动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续) 动词不定式的作用 Functions of Infinitive 主语 (subject) 宾语 (object) 宾补 (object complement) 定语 (attribute) 状语 (adverbial) 表语 (predicative) 做独立成分（independent component） 与疑问词等连用 三. 用法/ 功能 To see is to believe. It’s important to learn English well . (1). 主语 单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数 若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式置后. My job to help the patient. Your task to clean the classroom. is is (2). 表语 不定式常用在系动词 be, seem, appear, get, remain等后作表语． I want to go home. The workers demanded to get better pay. I found it necessary to talk to him again. (3) 宾语 think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do 常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有： hope, refuse, learn, set out choose, decide, agree, manage, pretend, plan. The teacher told me to clean the blackboard. I expect you to give me some help. (4). 宾补 五看 watch see look at observe notice 三使 let make have 二听 listen to hear 一感觉: feel warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等 e.g. I made him do his work. He was made to do his work (by me). 注意 1> help 后面的“to”可省去 e.g. They often help the grandma (to) carry water. 2> see, hear, watch, feel, notice, look at等表示 感觉和let, make, have等表示使役的动词后 面，不定式作宾语时要省“to” （注：被动 语态不省to） 3> 不定式用在介词but, except, besides 后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的 各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to, 相反则带to. (1). She could do nothing but cry. (2). I have no choice but to go. (3).What do you like to do besides sleep. I have something to say. He has a lot of homework to do . He is looking for a room to live in . There is nothing to worry about. (5). 定语 (如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词, 则不定式中要有介词.) 请给我一支写字的笔. Please give me a pen to write with. (常常表示将来的动作) 不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。 1. 不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系： (1)动宾关系 I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。 (2)主谓关系 He is always the first to come.他总是第一个来。 (3)同位关系 We all have a chance to go to college. 我们都有上大学的机会。 2. 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。 3. 不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。 e.g. He is looking for a room to live in. 他在找一个房间住。 e.g. He had no money and no place to live. 他没钱没地方住。 4. something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。 e.g. Do you have anything to send ? 你有什么东西要寄吗？ Do you have anything to be sent ? 你有什么东西要被寄吗？ I came here to see you. He got up early to catch the train. (6) 状语（表示目的，结果，原因或条件） in order to , so as to , enough to , only to , too….to., 在一些短语中也有体现 (7).独立结构 to be frank, to be honest, To tell the truth, I don’t agree with you. 类似的结构 (8)不定式与疑问词who,which, when, how, what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。 He didn’t know what to say.他不知道说什么。(宾语) How to solve the problem is very important.如何解决这个问题很重要。(主语) My question is when to start.我的问题是什么时候开始。(表语) 注意： 在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。 Why not have a rest? 关于不定式中的小品词to (1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要 省略该动词. eg: Would you like to go with me ? I’d like to . (2). 不定式是to be 结构, be 不可省. eg: Would you like to be a teacher? I’d like to be. 不定式的主动形式表示被动 1．在there be结构中。 例如： There is a lot of homework to do． (也可用to be done) There is no time to lose (to be lost). 2．在“n／pron + be + adj + to do”结构中。常用的形容词有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap， fit， dangerous等。 例如： He is hard to convince(说服). He is an impossible person to work with． 3.在“too—to do; enough…to…”结构中。如： The problem is too difficult to work out (to be worked out)． The house is big enough to live in. 4．在“with+n+to do”结构中。 例如： With nothing to do，he lay in bed． With so many exercises to do，I can‘t go to the cinema． 5．当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。 例如： I have a letter to type today． (I是to type的逻辑主语) Do you have anything to say? (you是to say的逻辑主语) 6．当不定式隐含在for sb to do结构中 时。 例如： This is the best book to read (=for us／you to read)． The important thing to do is to lock the door when we leave the house． 7．一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。 常见的这类动词有let(出租)，rent， hire，blame等。 例如： The house is to let． I felt l was to blame. 内容拓展 针对训练 1. Robert is said ____ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying 2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult. not make B. not to make C. not making D. don’t make 3. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ____ in my new job. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects 4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ____ whether they will enjoy it. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see 5. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ____. it what to do with B. what to do with it C. what to do it with D. to do what with it 6. The mother didn’t know ____ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. A. who B. when C. how D. why 7. Paul doesn’t have to be made ____. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 8. We agreed ____ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met 9. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ____. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 1. Robert is said ____ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying 2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult. not make B. not to make C. not making D. don’t make 3. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ____ in my new job. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects 4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ____ whether they will enjoy it. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. see 5. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ____. it what to do with B. what to do with it C. what to do it with D. to do what with it 6. The mother didn’t know ____ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. A. who B. when C. how D. why 7. Paul doesn’t have to be made ____. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 8. We agreed ____ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met 9. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ____. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 10. The patient was warned ____ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B.eating not C. not to eat D.not eating 11. Charles Babbage is generally considered ____the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented 12. Little Jim should love ____ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking 13. ____ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep 14. The teacher asked us ____ so much noise. A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make 1爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。 _______________ are both great happiness. 2中国人民决不会征服。 The Chinese people refuse _________________ 3据说他已经完成了他的工作。 He is said __________________________. 4 根据报道他们已安全到达。 They are reported ____________________ To love and to be loved to give in/ be conquered to have finished/completed his work to have arrived safely 5 我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。 I want this bike ___________________________. 6 玛利仿佛已经被告诉这件事了。 Mary seemed _____________________________. 7众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。 He is known ________________ a gold medal at the Olympic. to be repaired at once/ immediately to have been told about it to have been given Non-attributive clause 非限制定语从句 上教版选择性必修二 Unit 2 重难点回顾 非限制性定语从句 例句 The old woman, who lives on her own, has a cat for company. Laura is going to marry Mark, whom she is falling in love with. Beijing, which is the capital of China, is very beautiful. Dogs, which are friends of people, are becoming more and more popular. 非限定从的先行词多为专有名词或泛指类的词。 42 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 与先行词关系密切 （删掉后影响意思的表达） 与先行词关系不密切 （补充说明，删掉后不影响意思的表达） 不用逗号分开 一般用逗号分开 可用关系代词that；可用who代替whom 不可用关系代词that；不用who代替whom 关系代词可省略 关系代词不可省略 读时不停顿 读时停顿，用降调 只修饰先行词，不修饰主句或主句的一部分 可以修饰主句或主句的一部分，此时 一定有逗号，只能由which 43 I have a daughter that is a teacher. 我有一个当老师的女儿。 I have a daughter, who is a teacher. 我有一个女儿，她是老师。 可能有多个女儿 就一个女儿 I have a friend who is a dancer. 44 （1）作用不同 限制性定语从句用来修饰和说明先行词，具有限制作用；而非限制性定语从句一般跟先行词的关系并不十分密切，只是对先行词的附和、补充说明，不起限制作用，可以省略，省略后主句的意思仍很完整。 His brother who lives in London will go to America next week. 他住在伦敦的哥哥下周将去美国。(限制性定语从句，意思是他可能还有别的哥哥。) His brother，who lives in London，will go to America next week. 他的哥哥住在伦敦，下周将去美国。(非限制性定语从句，对先行词his brother起到补充说明的作用，言外之意是他只有一个哥哥。) 45 （2）形式不同 限制性定语从句主句和从句之间没有逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句常用逗号隔开从句和主句。 The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. The project, which lasted three years, cost 1 billion. （3）先行词不同 限制性定语从句的先行词通常是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的关系词可以指代主句的部分或全部内容。 This is the best film that I have ever seen. The film is very interesting, which makes me very glad. 46 （4）关系词的使用情况有所不同 ①that不用于引导非限制性定语从句 ②关系代词替代情况不同 关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who代替，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who来代替。 This is the boy I met at the theatre. A young man had a new girlfriend, he wanted to impress. ③关系代词省略情况不同 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略，而非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可省略。 who/whom whom This is a good film I saw a few days ago. The summer holiday, we’re looking forward to, is drawing near. (which/that) which 47 （5）翻译不同 含限制性定语从句的句子先译从句，后译先行词，将从句放在先行词前。含非限制性定语从句的句子一般先译先行词，后译从句，形成两个分句。 She has a brother who works in a hospital. 她有一个在医院工作的哥哥。 She has a brother，who works in a hospital. 她有一个哥哥，在医院工作。 48 as which 从句位置 主句之前、中、后 主句之后、中 先行词 整个句子 词、短语、句子 肯定句 肯定句、否定句 as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 49 as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 The road was so slippery, which caused lots of accidents. As anybody can see, a computer can do almost everything people can. He criticizes Mary in public, which she doesn’t like at all. 50 关系代词who/whom/whose 关系代词 在从句中的成分 搭配的先行词 who 主语、宾语 人 whom 宾语 人 whose 定语 人、物 that 主语，宾语（可省略） 人或物 which 主语，宾语（可省略） 物 That，which用法 51 There are 50 ss in our class and half of wear glasses. There are 50 ss in our class, half of wear glasses. who指人，在从句中做主语也可以做宾语。 whom指人，在从句中做宾语。 介词后只能用whom，不能跟who them whom Half of whom做主语，whom做of宾语 52 whose表所属关系 Do you know Peter? His father is very rich. Do you know Peter whose father is very rich? He wants a room. Its window faces south. He wants a room whose window faces south. He wants a room the window of which faces south. whose既可指人，又可指物 他的，她的，它的 53 1. Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series. 2. A lot of language learning, _____ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. 3. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _______ , for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. 4. When deeply absorbed in work, _________ he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping. 5. It is the third time that she has won the race, _________ has surprised us all. which as who which which 用适当的关系代词填空 54 介词+关系代词 （whom；which） 当介词用于关系代词前时: 关系代词指人,只能用 介词+whom 关系代词指物,只能用 介词+which 2. Whom 和 which 不能省略 The money is gone. 　You were to buy dog food with the money. 　 　The money (which/that) you were to buy dog food with is gone. The money with which you were to buy dog food　is gone. buy sth with (1).词组的搭配(看从句中的动词短语,和形容词短语搭配) 2．Have you met him? 　　Our teacher is talking about the tall man. Have you met the tall man (whom/who/that) our teacher is talking about? Have you met the tall man about whom our teacher is talking ? talk about sb Yesterday we had a meeting at which we discussed many problems. at the meeting Yesterday we had a meeting. we discussed many problems at the meeting. (2).据句意搭配 Air _______which we can’t live is really important. without 介词+关系代词的灵活运用 The girl whom you work is Cathy. The farm which we worked ten years ago is beautiful. This is the tree which we used to play games. Care of soul is a gradual process which even small details of life should be considered. with on under during/in 根据从句选介词 1 根据从句选介词 61 The ease with which Tom cracked the complex was unbelievable. Tom cracked the complex sentence with ease. The ease was unbelievable. 根据先行词选介词 at the rate（ 以…的速度;按…的比率）; in the direction; to the extent（在…范围/限度内）; by the means; in practice; to the degree（到...的程度） 介词+关系代词的灵活运用 With ease 熟练的 首先要会划分句子，能把先行词找出来 62 找准先行词 将先行词还原至从句 选择合适的介词将从句与先行词连接 第二步，从句要找对，画准 第三步，固定短语搭配 63 He is the man you can depend. I wish to thank Professor Hu, help I would never have got this far. Have you found the book _______ I paid $10? Have you found the book _______ I spent $10? This is my pair of glasses, ___________ I cannot see clearly. on whom without whose for which on which without which 64 介词+关系代词中of的用法 English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of which uses it differently. The company, of which he was the chairman, has made a lot of money. We had a meeting the purpose of which was not clear. He wants a wants a room the window of which faces south. 介词+关系代词 65 of在定语从句中表所属关系或整体与部分的关系。 常见结构：不定代词/数量词/形容词比较或最高级+ of which/whom，表示数量或某种特点。 all, each, either, neither, none, little, few, many, much, half, several… 介词+关系代词 最多情况下跟which/whom 66 固定搭配的介宾短语 He may be late, in which case we should wait for him. He was a great writer, in whose honor this statue was built. 介词+关系代词 In which case=in this case, 先行词，指代前面一件事 In one’s honor 纪念某某人 67 定语从句中介词不可以提前的短语 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时，介词既可置于从句之首，亦可置于从句之末。但以置于从句之首较为正式。如： This is the book for which you asked. 这是你所要的书。 This is the book which you asked for. 这是你所要的书。 如果介系词与动词或形容词组成固定词组时，介系词就不可以提前了，如： The old woman whom he is taking care of is my grandmother. 他正在照顾的那位老人是我的外婆。 介词+关系代词 68 介词+关系代词 凡是结构紧密含介词的短语动词，在定语从句中不能把介词提前到关系代词前，例如 look after, look for, take care of, be afraid of，等等。 1.含有介词的动词短语固定搭配一般不拆开使用,如：look for, look after, take care of等 (1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (2) This is the watch for which I am looking. T F 69 另外：有些动词的固定短语是不可以将介词提前的: look after, take care of , look forward to, pay attention to, look into, break into… Conclusion: 根本方法：把先行词带入定语从句中，看是否缺介词，缺介词的话在关系代词前补上介词 —— 介词+关系代词 Fill in the blanks with proper words. 1. The teacher______ ______ I learnt most was Mrs. Zhu. 2. This is the house______ ______ Lu Xun once lived. 3. He will never forget the day __ ______ he came to Beijing. from whom in which on which learn from live in on the day 4. The reason _____ ______ I came here is that I want to get your help. 5. The West Lake, ____ ______ Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place. for which for which for the reason be famous for whose+名词= of which/whom＋ the + 名词 the＋名词＋of which/whom 74 针对训练 There are 50 ss in our class, half of whom wear glasses. He wants a wants a room the window of which faces south. = whose window 高考爱考！ 76 用适当的介词补充完整下列定语从句 1. I disagree with the facts ____ which your argument is based. 2. The song, ____ which he was interested, will never be heard again. 3. This is the reason _____ which he often comes to school late. 4. I will never forget the way ___ which/ (that) my teacher taught me. 5. This is the hero ____ whom we are proud. on in for in of 77 6. I want to find the very pen ______ which I wrote that letter. 7. They are the students ______ whom our teachers are thinking highly. 8. It is important to choose good friends ______ whom you can share your feelings and thoughts. 9. It will not be necessary to name the person ______ whom the card belongs. 10. I would always like to do business with those people ___________ whom I can rely. with of with to on/ upon 78 $$