串讲02 Unit 3～4 单元语法知识点梳理【考点串讲PPT】-2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期末考点大串讲（上教版2020选择性必修第二册）

高二英语期末考试复习 上教版2020 选择性必修第二册 Unit 3-4 动名词做主、宾、表 Gerund 上教版选择性必修二 Unit 3 重难点回顾 1 动名词作主语。 3 动名词做表语。 2 动名词作宾语。 4 动名词的复合结构。 一. 动名词做主语的用法 动名词做主语往往表示抽象的，经常性、习惯性的动作, 如： Seeing is believing. Helping her is my duty. Talking mends no holes. 空谈无济于事。 Working with you is a pleasure. 和你一起工作是一种乐趣。 动名词做主语和不定式做主语一样，也可以用it作形式主语。如： It's rather tiring walking around in a city. 常用动名词作主语的句型： It is/was a waste of time doing It is no use/good doing It is worth/worthwhile doing There is no sense in doing There is/ was no use/ good doing There is/was no point doing “There is + no”后可以用动词-ing形式作 主语，表示“没法……”。 3）There be +no+动名词. There was no telling when this might appen again. 没法预料这样的事什么时候会再发生。 There was no knowing what he could do. 他能做什么很难说。 不定式做主语往往表示具体的特别是将来的动作。如： It's no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 He realized that to go on like this was wrong. （指抽象动作） （指具体动作） 二. 动名词作宾语的用法 avoid/ miss/ postpone advise/ finish/ practice enjoy/ imagine/ can’t help admit/ deny/ envy escape/ risk/ excuse stand/ keep /mind 1．有些动词或短语动词后常用动名词作宾语。 2.动名词作介词的宾语 devote to look forward to be used to feel like insist on stick to lead to get down to pay attention to 3. 动词need, require, want意为“需要”时，后跟动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式作宾语，意义没有区别。如： The window needs／requires／wants cleaning／to be cleaned． 4. 在begin, start, love, like, hate, prefer, intend, 后用动名词和用不定式作宾语均可，意义没有多大区别。 5. 动词forget, go on, mean, regret, remember, stop, try, be used to, can't help后跟动名词和跟不定式区别较大，须注意。 forget /remember/regret doing 忘记、记得、遗憾 已做了 forget /remember/regret to do 忘记、记得、遗憾要做 go on doing 继续做原来做的事 go on to do 接着做另一件事 mean doing 意味着要做某事 mean to do 想要做某事 stop doing 停止正在做的事 stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 try doing 试着做某事 try to do 努力做某事 be used to doing 习惯于做某事 be used to do 被用来做某事 can't help doing 禁不住做某事 can't help to do 不能帮助做某事 5.it 作形式宾语,动名词作真正宾语 I found it useless (no good) arguing about it. Do you consider it any good trying again? 6.介词in 可省略的搭配 have trouble/difficulty (in) doing have a good/ a hard time (in) doing have a problem/ a struggle (in) doing be busy (in) doing sth sb spend time/money (in) doing sth You can’t imagine what difficulty we had home in the snowstorm. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking 7. allow, advise, forbid, permit doing allow／advise／forbid／permit sb to do We don't allow smoking here． We don't allow anybody to smoke here． 8. 有些动词后可以接动词-ing的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动形式。 如：need/ want/require/deserve doing = need/want/require/deserve to be done eg: The carpet really wants cleaning. = The carpet really wants to be cleaned. 动词-ing形式作表语 作表语的动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。 ★ 动名词作表语，说明主语的内容，指一般性、经常性的动作。且主语和表语位置可以互换。如： My hobby is growing flowers. Her job is looking after the children. ★ 现在分词作表语，可以看做修饰物的形容词，说明主语的性质，特征。这类现在分词有： challenging, inspiring, convincing... 如： It’s amazing that you should know that! Skiing is more exciting than skating. —What do you think of the story I told you just now? —It sounds interesting. I like it very much. 1) 一般式主动语态： writing 2)一般式被动语态：being written 3) 完成式主动语态：having written 4) 完成式被动语态：having been written 否定形式：not+ writing not being written not having written not having been written 四、动名词的形式、动名词复合结构 1) 名词所有格+动名词： Tom’s writing 2) 名词普通格+动名词：Tom writing 3)形容词性代词+动名词：his writing 4)人称代词宾格+动名词：him writing 动名词的复合结构 2,4情况只能用作宾语，不用作主语 Do you mind my coming late for the film? Do you mind me coming late for the film? Mary’s being late for class made her teacher angry. Mary being late for class made her teacher angry. 针对训练 1. It took the workmen only two hours to finish _______ my car. A. repairing B. repair C. to repair D. repaired Excersice 2. Have you forgotten ___$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember ____ it tomorrow? A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring C. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing; bringing 3. The classroom wants _____. A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. cleaning 4. Jack said that he wouldn't mind __ for us. A. to wait B. wait C. waiting D. waited 5. My brother keeps ___ me with my work. A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped 6. We should often practise ___ English with each other. A. to speak B. spoke C. speak D. speaking 7. Keep on ____ and you will succeed. A. a try B. try C. triing D. trying 8. His parents insist on ___ to college. A. he should go B. he go C. his going D. him to go 9. The story was so funny that we ___. A. couldn’t help laugh B. can’t but laugh C. couldn’t help laughing D. couldn’t help but to laugh 10. Though it sounds a bit too dear (昂贵), it is worth ______. A. being bought B. buying C. to buy D. buying it 11. He devoted his life to _____ the atomic theory. A. study B. be studied C. studying D. have studied 12. We are both looking forward to __ next week. A. going on vocation(休假) B. go on vocation C. be going on vocation D. have gone on vocation 13. You must pay attention to ___ the works of Lu Xun. A. read B. reading C. reader D. be read 14. You should work tonight instead of _____ TV. A. to watch B. you watching C. you watch D. watching 15. The microscope is used for__ minute (微小的) objects. A. examining B. being examined C. examined D. examine 16. Mike has got used ___ up late at night. (stay up) A. to sit B. sit C. to sitting D. sitting 17. Once the heart stops _____, death follows at once. A. beating B. to beat C. being beaten D. to be beating 18. We are now busy _____ for the examination. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. being prepared 19. I remembered ____ this person somewhere before. A. seeing B. having been seen C. seen D. to see 20. I regret ____ that to her. A. having said B. to have said C. to say D. say 21. The patient must be separated to avoid (避免) ____ others. A. being infected(感染) B. infecting C. to infect D. infected 22.Your clothes need ______. A. washed B. to be washed C. to wash D. being washed 23. _____ provides us with essential nutrients (营养), while ______ provides us with oxygen. A. To eat; breathing B. Eating; to breathe C. Eating; breathing D. Eaten; breathed 24. He attended the party without___. A. invited B. inviting C. having invited D. being invited 25. By ____, water can be changed into gas. A. heating B. being heated C. having heated D. heated 26. On land many objects prevent sound _____ very far. A. to travel B. travel C. from travelling D. to travelling 27. She returned home only to find the door open and something____ . A. missed B. to be missing C. missing D. to be missed 28. Remember__ the newspaper when you have finished it. A. putting back B. put back C. to put back D. be put back 29. Writing stories and articles__ what I enjoy most. A. is B. are C. was D. were 30. He was afraid ___for being late. A. of seeing B. of being seen C. to be seen D. to have seen 1. He stopped ________ (smoke) and have a rest. 2. He really must stop_________ (smoke). 3. I once tried ________ (learn) French. 4. Let’s try _________ (knock) at the back door. 5. I didn’t to mean ________ (hurt) your feeling. 6. This word means ________ (set) out at once. to smoke smoking to learn knocking to hurt setting to learn 完成句子。 7. I can’t help ________ (clean) the room, for I am too busy. 8. After hearing the joke, we can’t help _________ (laugh). 9. Water is used to _______(water) flowers. 10. I am used to __________ (get up) early. 11. Though it rained, they went on _________ (work). 12. We have finished Part 1. Let’s go on _________ (learn) Part 2. to clean laughing water getting up working to learn 内容拓展 1.Complete the sentences using the -ing form and state their functions. 1. Bill's job is _________ sign language. 2. The theme of his presentation（陈述；报告） is _____________ barriers between groups. 3. By _________, we mean "bending our head or body forward as a sign of respect or shame". teaching amuse, teach, break down, call on, bow, get through, assess breaking down bowing 4. ______________ three kilometres of heavy traffic took me almost 25 minutes. 5. We intended to visit the theme park but ended up ___________ Professor Zhang. Getting through calling on 动名词作表语 动名词作主语 动名词作宾语 动名词作宾语 动名词作表语 49 2.Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words and phrases. Reading body language is not an easy task. It can be ____________ because interpreting the signs that another person shows requires _____________________________. In this sense, it can be compared to a doctor _____________________________. challenging lie, challenge, consider individual differences, maintain, consider the whole picture, evaluate a patient's condition evaluating a patient's condition considering the whole picture 50 _____________________________ is also key to reading people's body language accurately. For example, when _________, some people avoid eye contact. By contrast, others may _________ eye contact even longer than usual. lying maintain lie, challenge, consider individual differences, maintain, consider the whole picture, evaluate a patient's condition Considering individual differences 51 Present perfect continuous tense 现在完成进行时 上教版选择性必修二 Unit 4 1. 形式 肯定句：主语 + shall/will + be + 现在分词。 否定句：主语 + shall/will not + be + 现在分词。 一般疑问句： Shall/will + 主语 + be + 现在分词？ 肯定回答：Yes，主语 + shall/will + be + 现在分词...; 否定回答：No，主语 + shall/will + not + be + 现在分词... 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + shall/will + 主语 + be + 现在分词？ The future continuous tense We shall be landing in Paris in sixteen minutes. The train won't be leaving until one. —Will you be coming tomorrow? —Yes，I shall be (coming tomorrow)./No, I shall not be (coming tomorrow). — How long will you be staying here? —I'll be staying here for half a year. 2. 用法 I’m afraid I can’t meet you this time tomorrow. I’ll be having my classes then. We will be travelling in August. ①表示将来某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的事情或动作，一般带有时间状语。 I wonder if the volcano will still be erupting tomorrow. I think that she will be working on this scientific experiment until tomorrow morning. ②表示现在正在进行的动作，但这个动作会延续到将来。 We will be taking an examination next week. It will be raining when we arrive in London. ③表示安排要做或预计会发生的事情。 Will you be having some tea? Will you be needing anything else? ④用来询问别人的计划、打算，表委婉语气。 Fill in the blanks with proper and correct forms of the verbs. 1. Since last month, Mike, along with some of his former classmates, _________________ (desire) to have a 20-year gathering during this summer holiday. 2. A recent study has found that the number of smokers __________________ (increase) sharply over the past five years. 3. We ________________ (try) to make our environment more beautiful since the time humankind started gardening. has been desiring has been increasing have been trying Practice 1. I __________________ (reflect) on the article I read about ancient medicine all day. 2. I _________________ (wait) for two hours to see the doctor but it is still not my turn yet. 3. My mother ________________ (write) a report on the new treatment all morning. She hopes to finish it today. have been reflecting have been waiting has been writing 我整天都在思考我读到的那篇关于古代医学的文章。 我一直等了两个小时看医生了，但还没有轮到我。 我妈妈整个上午都在写一份关于新疗法的报告。她希望今天完成它 4. The company ________________ (make) herbal medicines for more than 100 years. 5. Scientists ________________ (do) research on the disease since it was first discovered in the early 20th century. 该公司生产草药已有100多年的历史。 自20世纪初首次发现这种疾病以来，科学家们一直在对其进行研究。 has been making have been doing 用法小结 例句 用法 I have been waiting for an hour and he still hasn’t turned up. You have been saying for a year that you will study abroad. You have been losing things all the time. 1. 现在完成进行时表示一直持续到现在的动作，该动作可能刚停止，也可能仍在进行。 2. 现在完成进行时所表示的动作并不是一直在不停地进行，而是断断续续地重复。 例句 用法 I have been waiting for you for a long time. I have been looking forward to your letter for a whole week. Two much has been happening today. You know, you really have been making things terribly difficult for him. 3. 现在完成进行时强调长时间做某事。 4. 现在完成进行时有时带有强烈的表扬或厌恶等感情色彩。 【注意】现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别： 例句 用法 He has written a letter. He has been writing a letter. Have you met the couple recently? Have you been meeting the couple recently? I have waited for that master musician for two hours. I have been waiting for that master musician for two hours. 1. 现在完成时强调的是某个刚完成的动作，或某个过去的动作对现在的影响；现在完成进行时则强调动作的延续性。 2. 现在完成时一般不表示动作的重复性，而现在完成进行可表示动作的重复性。 3. 现在完成时一般是平铺直叙，只表示一个事实、一种影响或结果，不带感情色彩，而现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩，可使表达显得生动。 present continuous tense: to describe something that happens at present future continuous tense: to describe something that happens in the future 【注意】现在完成进行时与现在进行时、将来进行时的区别： For better or for worse, the widespread use of drones will affect our lives in different ways. It is certain that as the technology gets more advanced, more drones (1) ____________ in the sky. Despite all the wonderful functions that drones perform, they may also cause trouble. Take air traffic for example. When passenger drones are flying above our cities in large quantities, the sky (2) ______________ more and more crowded. As a result, they are more likely to crash into each other. In addition, drones cause much trouble for airlines as some of them fly near airports, posing a threat to planes that (3) ______________ or landing. will be flying will be getting are taking off will be using Another risk is that people might take advantage of drones to harm others. For instance, as more people (4) _____________ drones for photography in the future, some might spy on and take photographs of others without their knowledge. Illegal hunters might also use drones to track and kill animals. are developing Such issues must be addressed. The government needs to make laws to monitor the production and use of drones. For example, in some countries, a remote pilot licence is required in order to fly a drone for business purposes. At the moment, different countries (5) ___________ air traffic control systems that can manage large numbers of drones. Police forces around the world are also looking at ways of stopping drones from flying near airports and stadiums. 针对训练 Applying the rules B 1 Complete the conversations with the correct expressions. 1. Celine: Lisa is a smart engineer. I feel proud to see the contributions she (a) ____________ (has made/ will be making ) to the company. Jack: So do I. I also believe we (b) ____________ (are seeing/ will be seeing) more of them in the next few years. has made will be seeing 2. Sam: (a) _________________(Will you be visiting/ Have you visited) the science exhibition next month? Amy: Yes. You know I’m a technology enthusiast and I (b) ____________________ (am looking forward to/will be looking forward to) it. Will you be visiting am looking forward to 3. Alice: I (a) ____________ (have been giving/will be giving) a talk on artificial intelligence from 2 to 3 p.m. tomorrow. I really feel nervous. Simon: Take it easy. You (b) ________________(have been making/ will be making) preparations and your audience will be impressed. will be giving have been making Applying the rules Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets. 1. I __________________ (reflect) on the article I read about ancient medicine all day. have been reflecting 2. I ____________________ (wait) for two hours to see the doctor but it is still not my turn yet. have been waiting 3. My mother __________________ (write) a report on the new treatment all morning. She hopes to finish it tonight. has been writing 4. The company ____________________ (make) herbal medicines for more than 100 years. has been making 5. Scientists ___________________ (do) research on the disease since it was first discovered in the early 20th century. have been doing Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs. 1. have been reading 2. have been thinking/ am thinking 3. is learning 4. have written 5. has been taking 6. have been working 7. has been raining 8. Have; been waiting C have been reading have been thinking/ am thinking is learning have written has been taking have been working has been raining Have been waiting Practice makes perfect! 三年以来我一直在学英语。 他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。 我们已经等了你一个半小时了。 他整个晚上都做在那儿学习。 他整天都在工作。 I have been learning English three years ago. They have been living in this city for ten years. We have been waiting for you for half an hour. He has been sitting there studying all evening. He has been working all day. $$