2024年中职英语二轮专题情态动词课件

Modal verbs （情态动词） 1 1 Definition: 情态动词表示说话人的情感态度。具有一定的实在词义（如：能、会、可能、以前、最好、宁愿），只有谓语特性，必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。 情态动词除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式,即：动词原形。 2 2 常见的情态动词： 情态动词 can(could) may(might) must will(would) shall should ought to had better would rather need dare 情态动词相关的短语 be able to have to used to 3 can: 1. She can dance very well. 能力 2.You can not go home alone. 主观上的“允许” 3.He can’t /couldn’t have a lot of money. 主观的猜测“可能性，主要用在否定句、疑问句或感叹句中 与can有关的短语：cannot help doing …/cannot help but do …/cannot but do …禁不住；不由得；不得不；can’t…enough…+n/adj/adv 越…越好，非常 can/could: 表示能力；可能 （过去时用could）, 只用于现在式和过去式（could） 4 could: 1. Sorry, I couldn't get any more. 能力，指的是过去时间 2.He asked whether he could take the books out of the reading-room. 可以，指的是过去的时间 3.She looks very young. She couldn’t/can't be over sixty. 可能，过去现在皆可,语气缓和 注意：could有时不表示时态 提出委婉的请求，（回答中不可用could）。 　　 --- Could I have a cup of milk tea? 　　 --- Yes, you can. / No, you can\'t. 5 may/might: 或许，可能，可以 1. May I use your notes? 可以，征求意见 2.You may come if you wish. 许可，同意 3.He may have missed his train. 可能性，小于can 4.May you have a good time. may: 祝愿 6 1. She asked if she might come back. 过去的许可 2.He might come next week,but I am not sure. 可能性，现在、过去均可，表现在可能时，语气小于may 典型例题 　 Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn\'t very sure yet. 　 A. must　　B. may　 C. can　 D. will 　 might: 7 must: 应该，必须，一定 1. All visitors must report to reception. 必须，一定要 2.You must be hungry after all that walking. 一定是，肯定是 ，表推测 3.Must you waste so much time? 偏要，非得 must/have to: 必须 8 1. 必须，have to 表示客观的需要，must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。 You must be back by ten.（命令、叮嘱） You have to be back by ten. （客观） 2.have to有人称、数、时态的变化（have/has/had to)，must只有一种形式。 have to: We had to go home on foot. He has to cook his own meals. . 9 1. 第一、三人称，构成疑问句，表示征求对方意见或意愿 Shall I open the window? Shall we have coffee outside? 2.用于第二、三人称，表示说话人的意愿，表示“命令、警告、威胁、强制、允诺、决心” shall: You shall do as I say.（命令） You shall be sorry for what you did. （警告） Nothing shall stop us from carrying this plan.（决心） 10 1.应该做的事，should 和 ought to 一般可以通用。但ought to 语气更强些，强调“有责任，有义务做”或“按道理应该如何”；should 含有“劝告、建议”的语气，即“按我的想法应该如何”。 -- I’ll start the work tomorrow . --Ｉthink you should start at once./ No, you ought to start at once. 2.表示推测，意为“想必一定，照说应该，估计”。should 和 ought to 在这一意义上含义比must 弱。 should: 应该 He must be home by now.（肯定） He should/ought to be home by now.（不能肯定） 11 will： 1. He will do anything for his team. 意愿、意志，可用于多种人称 2.Will you open the door for me, please? 在疑问句中用于第二人称，表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求 3.What’s the matter with the door? It won’t lock. Whenever in trouble, we will always go to our friends for help. 某种倾向或习惯性动作“总是会，老是，就是”；否定结构表示“不肯、不能”。注：这种不指将来时间，故，不能与表示将来时间的状语连用 will/would: 将、愿、要、会 12 1.will 的过去式，表示过去时间的“意志、意愿”，可用于多种人称 He said that he would help us. 2.would 说话人的意愿或向对方提出请求，语气比will 婉转。这时指的是现在的时间 would: (will的过去式) He would like to have a try. （想要would like to） Would you like me to carry it for you? 3.过去一段时间习惯性动作。注意：多接时间段，只接行动动词，不接表状态的动词 When we lived there , we would go swimming. 13 高考热点 情态动词的完成式：情态动词+have done must have done “一定做了” He must have done a lot of work on it. 他一定为此做了很多工作 can’t/couldn’t have done “一定没做” He can't have done that for he is not that kind of man. 他不可能这么做的，因为他不是那种人。 could have done “本可以做却没做” We could have walked to the station , it was so near .我们本来是可以走到车站去的，路很近。 may（might）have done “本可以做但却没做” He might have given you more help, he was very busy. 他本来是可以给你更多帮助的，尽管他很忙。 needn’t have done “本不必做但却做了” There was plenty of time. She needn’t have hurried to the train station.时间很充裕，她本不必匆忙着去火车站。 should （ought to ）have done “本应该做但却没做” You should have started earlier.你本应该早一点出发。 shouldn’t（oughtn’t）have done “本不应该做却做了” We shouldn’t have waited for her because she never came. 我们本不应该等她，因为她根本不会来。 would have done “本想做却没做” I would have helped you, but I was too busy.我本想帮你，但我太忙了。 wouldn’t have done “本不想做却做了” I wouldn’t have been late, but the clock didn’t call me this morning.我本不想迟到，但闹钟没叫醒我。 14 真题回顾 1.In today' s information age, the loss of data____cause serious problems for a company. A.need  B.should  C.can  D. must C  2.I love the weekend, because I____ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays. A. needn' t  В. mustn' t  C. wouldn' t  D. shouldn't A 3.I can't find my purse. I____ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I’m not sure. A. should leave  В. must have left C. might leave  D. could have left D 15 Homework You may choose one: 1.Write a short paragraph with modal verbs on any subject. 2.Make up six sentences with modal verbs. 17 Thank you for listening! 18 Lavf55.33.100 $$