专题 03 定语从句【考点清单】-2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期末考点大串讲（外研版2019）

定语从句 语法精讲 一、1、概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词，关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 2、关系词的作用包括： 1)放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接（主句和从句）作用； 2)在从句中充当一定的成分； 3)在从句中替代先行词，并与先行词保持人称和数的一致。 3、引导定语从句的常用关系词及其用法如下表： 关系词 所修饰的先行词 在从句中所作成分 关系代词 who 人 主语、宾语、表语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人、物或事 主语、宾语 关系副词 When 时间名词 时间状语 Where 地点名词 地点状语 Why 原因名词 原因状语 二、关系词的用法 （一）关系代词的用法 关系代词指代的是先行词，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语等，作宾语时，常省略；如果关系代词作介词的宾语且介词提到关系代词的前面时，关系代词不能省略。 1、 who、whom的用法 都用于指人，who在定语从句中作主语、宾语（作宾语时可省略），whom作宾语可省略，现代英语里，whom可以用who 代替 She is a girl (who is beautiful.)（作主语） The students (who don’t study hard )will not pass the exam.（作主语） The woman (whom/who you saw in the park) is our English teacher.（作宾语可省略） 特别提示： 在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后，只能用whom，不能用who Yesterday I came across the man (about whom you talked last time.)（作宾语不可省略） 2、 which的用法 which一般指物，在句中作主语、宾语等，作主语时不可省略，宾语可省略。 This is the book (which you are looking for.) （作宾语可省略） Football is a game (which is liked by most boys.)（作主语） This is the book (which I bought yesterday.)（作宾语可省略） The river (which runs through the centre of the city) brings us lots of pleasure.（作主语） 3、that 可指人指物。指人时可与who/whom互换，指物时可与which互换。在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语时可省略，作介词的宾语时，介词不可提到that之前，若介词提前则必须用which或whom替代。 Mary likes music (that is quiet and gentle).（that指物，=which, 作主语） The coat (that I put on the desk) is blue. （that指物，=which, 作宾语） The boy (that visited our school yesterday) is from England.（that指人，=who, 作主语） He is the man (that I visited last week). （that指人，=who/whom, 作宾语） 4、 whose的用法 既可指人也可指物，在从句中只能作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格，它 可以转化为“the +名词+of which/whom”和“of which/whom+the +名词”的形式。 The house (whose roof is very solid )was built by my father.（作定语） The house (the roof of which is very solid )was built by my father. The house (of which the roof is very solid )was built by my father. 5、 as的用法 当先行词前有as、so、such或the same等修饰，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语的关系代词用as， as既可指人又可指物 We need such material (as is being used in your factory.)（作主语） I never heard such stories (as he told).（作宾语） He’ll repeat such questions (as are discussed in the book).（作主语） He is not the same man( as he was).（作表语） 注意：the same…as(代词)…，表示两物相似 同类不同物； the same…that(代词)…, 表示两物同一物。 This is the same pen as I used yesterday.这是和我昨天用的一样的钢笔。 This is the same pen that I used yesterday.这是我昨天用过的那支钢笔。 特别提示： 1.关系词that和which 都可以指物，多数情况可以互换，但以下情况只能用that： 1） 先行词是all, much, few, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, some, the one等不定代词时。 We should do everything that is useful to the people. 2）先行词被all, few, little, much, every, some, no等修饰 或被 the only, the very, the same, the last, the right,just等限定词修饰时 This is the very book that I want. This is the same bike that I lost. 3）先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。 The first thing (that we should do) is to work out a plan. 4）先行词既指人又指物时 I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that I saw in the room.) 5）当主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时 Who is the man that won the gold medal?赢得金牌的的那个人是谁？ Which is the bike that you lost?哪辆是你丢的自行车？ 2、宜用which不用that的情况 1) 当关系代词前有介词，先行词指物时 This is the house in which I used to live. 2) 当引导非限制性定语从句时 The plane landed safely, which made us very happy. （二）关系副词的用法 关系副词主要有when, where, why,在定语从句中作状语，一般不可省略。关系副词有时可用“介词+关系代词”来替代（why常相当于for which），介词取决于先行词及“介词+which”在从句中的作用。 1、 when指时间，其先行词通常是time, day, week, year等时间名词，在句中作时间状语。 I’ll never forget the day (when/on which we worked together in London.) I still remember the time (when/during which I first became a college student.) 2、where指地点，其先行词通常是place, spot, street, house, city等地点名词，在句中作地点状语。例如： This is the hotel (where/at which they are staying). This is the house (where/in which I lived two years ago). 特别提示： 当先行词是point，case，degree，position，activity，job，atmosphere，situation，stage 等抽象地点名词时，可以用关系副词where来引导。 Teaching is a job (where you are doing something serious but interesting.) 3、why 指原因，其先行词通常只能是reason，在句中作原因状语。 Do you know the reason why/ for which he was absent? Do you know the reason which/ that may explain his absence? That was not the reason that/which/不填he gave the other day. 三、“介词+关系代词”的用法 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，通常用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，如果指人，用“介词+whom”；如果指物，用“介词+which”。 1、 “介词+关系代词”结构中介词的确定方法 1） 根据从句中的谓语动词或主要的形容词确定介词 The witness (to whom the policeman referred) was killed last night. Yesterday we visited the West Lake (for which Hangzhou is famous). 2)根据定语从句先行词确定 I don’t know the reason (for which he was late for school). I’ll never forget the time (during which I spent my childhood in the countryside) . 1) 根据所表达的意思来确定 The colourless gas(without which we cannot live )is called oxygen. 特别提示：若介词与从句中的动词为固定短语，介词提前将失去动词短语的意义，所以不可把介词置于关系代词前。 如：call on, hear from, look for, look after, pay attention to ,take care of , look forward to, listen to等 This is the girl that / which you are looking for. The patient who/whom /that the nurse is looking after is her father. The issues that /which we should pay attention to are stressed again in the meeting. There are two babies who/whom/that we must take good care of. 总结: “三步法”玩转定语从句 第一步：找出先行词 第二步：还原先行词 (还原到后面的定语从句中，并分析其所充当的成分。) 第三步：选择先行词 先行词是人，作主语用who /that，作宾语用 whom /that，作定语用whose. 先行词是物，作主语、宾语都用that/which, 作定语用 whose. 先行词是物(时间、地点、原因)，作状语用 when\where\why, 作主语、宾语都用that/which. 4、 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 概述： 1．限制性定语从句通常紧跟在先行词之后，对先行词起修饰、限制确定作用。从句和先行词的关系十分密切，两者之间一般不可用逗号隔开。 He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被偷的那个人。 2．非限制性定语从句是对先行词的一个补充说明。没有它，主句也能独立存在；非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系不是很密切，两者之间用逗号隔开。 I’ve invited Mary, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了玛丽，她住在隔壁。 He has two sisters，who are working in the city. 他有两个姐姐，她们在城里工作。 区别： 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 （1）翻译不同： 翻译时，一般把限制性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前； My sister who works in Shanghai sends me an email almost every day. 我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。 而非限制性定语从句通常与主句分开翻译。 My sister, who works in Shanghai, sends me an email almost every day. 我姐姐在上海工作，几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。 （2）关系词的选用不同 限制性定语从句可以用关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which，关系副词when，where，why等引导，而非限制性定语从句不可用that或why来引导(上述引导词除了这两者以外均可用来引导非限制性定语从句)。 Yesterday he bought a new car，which was made in China.(which不可换用that) 昨天他买了一辆新车，是中国生产的。 He didn't give the reason，which explained his absence from the meeting held last week. (which不可换用why，因为which在定语从句中作主语，而why只能在定语从句中作状语)此句也可以这样表达，He didn't give the reason，for which he was absent from the meeting held last week. 对于缺席上周的会议他没有给出理由。 （3）先行词不同 限制性定语从句的先行词常常是名词或代词； I have an elder brother who works in Beijing. 非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或整个句子。 The boy was away from home for a week, which worried his parents very much. 五、as和which引导的非限制性定从从句的区别 which as 位置上 只能放在先行词的后面 位置灵活，可位于句前、句中，也可置于句后 搭配上 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see，hear，know，expect，remember，guess，hope等 句意上 意为“这一点” 表示“正如……，正像……的那样” As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health. = Smoking is harmful to one’s health, as is known to all. He invited me to dinner, which made me very happy. This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. as引导非限制性定语从句时，常用于下列一些固定结构中: （1） as is expected 不出所料 （2）as is reported 正如所报道的 （3）as is mentioned above 正如上面所提到的（4）as is often the case 这是常有的事 （5）as we all know / as is known to all 众所周知 六、“介词＋which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句由“介词十关系代词”引导时， 其中的关系代词只能用which或whom。介词的选择原则主要有： （1）根据介词与动词的搭配关系 There are some details in the project, about which the manager cares much. (care about) 经理非常关心这项工程里的一些细节。 （2）根据介词与形容词的搭配关系 I introduced some subjects to her, in which she may be interested. (be interested in) 我给她介绍了几个科目，她可能对它们感兴趣。 （3）根据介词与先行词的关系 Last night I took part in a party and lost my key, without which I can't open the door of my dormitory. 昨天晚上我参加聚会把钥匙丢了，没有钥匙我打不开宿舍的门。 （4）根据属于与被属于(或部分与整体)的关系 There stands a building over there, the elevators of which often go out of order. 那里有一座楼，那座楼的电梯经常出故障。 语法精练 一、单项选择 1．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）Many young people, most of ________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. A．them B．whom C．who D．that 2．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, ________are beyond our control A．most of them B．most of that C．most of what D．most of which 3．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）Walking through the museum, I noticed a gallery, on ______ walls displayed ancient artifacts. A．whose B．its C．which D．that 4．（24-25高二上·上海·期中）More than 30 million people, ________ Apple CEO Tim Cook and podcast host Joe Rogan, are now expanding their horizons with Blinkist. A．among them are B．of whom are C．of them are D．among whom are 5．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）Kate, ______ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in America. A．who B．which C．her D．whose 6．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）Much of his youth was spent in Beijing, ______ he developed an interest in Beijing Opera. A．which B．where C．there D．in it 7．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）The number of smokers, ______ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. A．as B．it C．which D．that 8．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）She created a charity in memory of his father, ______ passed away from Alzheimer’s disease. A．who B．which C．that D．whoever 9．（24-25高二上·天津·期中）There is a learning center in our school, _________ kids do independent and self-directed learning activities. A．whose B．which C．where D．when 10．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）Kate wrote an application letter to the manager, ________ she recommended herself for the position. A．where B．which C．who D．why 11．（24-25高二上·天津滨海新·期中）I’m very grateful to Mr. Green, with ________ help I realized my dream. A．who B．whose C．which D．that 12．（24-25高二上·广东广州·期中）________is known to us all that the old worker, ________life was hard in the past, still works hard in his seventies. A．As; which B．It; which C．As; whose D．It; whose 13．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）My neighbor always plays loud music late into the night, ______ I find annoying. A．that B．which C．who D．whom 14．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）On the last evening of the academic year, students often stay up late into the night, ______ they can relax and chat with friends. A．which B．when C．where D．who 15．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）In the middle of the meadow, there is a small pond, on __________ left side stands a large tree, shooting up from the ground like a dark fire. A．the B．which C．whose D．its 16．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）The volunteers have come from different backgrounds, all of __________ are united by a common desire to help those in need. A．who B．which C．them D．whom 17．（24-25高二上·天津·期中）The Science Museum is one of London’s tourist attractions, ______ we visited during a recent trip to Britain. A．where B．that C．when D．which 18．（24-25高二上·天津·期中）______ is often the case , anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. A．It B．What C．As D．That 19．（24-25高二上·黑龙江佳木斯·期中）Florentijin Hofman is a Dutch artist, _______ large sculptures are on display all over the world, and he has a passion______children’s toys. A．whose;for B．that;on C．which;for D．who;in 20．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）It rained hard yesterday, ________ prevented me from going to the park. A．when B．what C．that D．which 21．（24-25高二上·广东广州·阶段练习）______ so many times didn’t make him lose heart, _____ in turn, helped him become strong and be a real man. A．Rejected, it B．Rejecting, it C．Being rejected, which D．Having rejected, which 22．（24-25高二上·天津津南·期中）The house, ________door often stays open until late at night, works as a home for the guards, some of________are from the countryside. A．whose; whom B．which; whom C．whose; them D．where; them 23．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）The building was surrounded by demonstrators, several of _________ were well-known actors. A．which B．them C．whom D．who 24．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）The southern states wanted to set up a country of their own, ________ they would be free to keep black slaves. A．which B．whom C．where D．as 25．（24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中） was often the case, she forgot to bring her homework to school. A．It B．As C．Which D．Who 26．（24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中）He has two Chinese-English dictionaries, both were bought last week. A．of whom B．of which C．of that D．of them 27．（24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中）She is very patient, is shown in her work. A．who B．that C．it D．as 28．（24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中）After everyone was seated, there was a formal ceremony, _____ made us excited. A．that B．it C．which D．what 29．（24-25高二上·黑龙江佳木斯·期中）_____Tan once said, Chinese music should carry “universal expression” of the human spirit so as _________by the whole world. A．It; recognized B．Which; to recognize C．What; to be recognized D．As; to be recognized 30．（24-25高二上·重庆·阶段练习）My English teacher often reminds us of the fact that handwriting, __________ little significance is attached, will play a vital role in the exams. A．to which B．in which C．at which D．about which 31．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·阶段练习）The two players, neither of _________ reached the final, showed their best performance. A．them B．whom C．which D．those 32．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·阶段练习）Football is played in almost every country, _________ makes it the first sport in the world. A．where B．which C．as D．that 33．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·阶段练习）Amanda simply bandaged her wound and later was taken to a hospital, she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. A．when B．where C．which D．as 34．（24-25高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·阶段练习）This policy is worth ________ out, through ________ we can double our work efficiency. A．being carried; which B．carrying; which C．being carried; that D．carrying; that 35．（24-25高二上·天津和平·阶段练习）The girl in front of you is my younger sister, academic performance is very wonderful. A．sat; who B．seated; which C．seating; whom D．sitting; whose 36．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·阶段练习）The number of smokers,   is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. A．which B．who C．whom D．as 37．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·阶段练习）The engineer, ________ design of the new smartphone has won an international award, will give a ________ at the tech conference next month. A．who; presentation B．whose; preparation C．who; preparation D．whose; presentation 38．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·阶段练习）Although the scientist is over 80 years old, he still ________ himself to his research, ________has moved many people greatly. A．devotes; which B．devoted; what C．devoting; what D．devoted; which 39．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·阶段练习）It was on Mid-Autumn Festival, ______ all family members reunited, that I left my hometown for a strange city. A．which B．as C．that D．when 40．（24-25高二上·天津武清·阶段练习）He finished his education with excellent grades, ________ helped him a lot in his future career. A．which B．that C．where D．who 二、语法填空 1．（24-25高二上·广东湛江·期中）There is nothing we can do to help Alice, circumstances are beyond our control. (用适当的词填空) 2．（24-25高二上·山东济宁·期中）In our class there are 46 students, one-third of wear glasses. (用适当的词填空) 3．（23-24高二上·广东汕尾·阶段练习）Later, the medicine was tested on patients, most of recovered. (用适当的词填空) 4．（23-24高二上·广东汕尾·阶段练习）Mike did a good job in the English Speech Contest, made his parents proud. (用适当的词填空) 5．（23-24高二上·广东汕尾·阶段练习）The old people, were very excited by our visit, told us their personal stories. (用适当的词填空) 6．（24-25高二上·福建·期中） the chart shows, there has been a steady increase in the number of users over the past year, indicating the success of our marketing campaign. (用适当的词填空) 7．（24-25高二上·全国·课后作业）The Chinese women’s volleyball team (assign) to the “group of death”, it faced several strong opponents in the group stage matches. (所给词的适当形式或适当的词填空) 8．（24-25高二上·广东茂名·期中）Seeing the photo, she couldn’t resist (think) of her grandmother, with she had spent many wonderful days in her childhood. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．（24-25高二上·广东茂名·期中） we need to do now is to figure out a solution, will help us overcome the difficulties. (用适当的词填空) 10．（24-25高二上·河北唐山·阶段练习）We moved on to the north tip of the area, it was blowing hard and snowing. （用适当的词填空） 11．（24-25高二上·河北唐山·阶段练习）Tom was always speaking highly of his role in the play, of course, made the others unhappy. （用适当的词填空） 12．（24-25高二上·广东揭阳·期中） is known to all, anyone who breaks the rules should be punished. (用适当的词填空) 13．（24-25高二上·广东揭阳·期中）When foreigners talk about the cities of China, the first of comes to their minds is Beijing. (用适当的词填空) 14．（24-25高一上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）They have won three matches in a row, is quite surprising. (用适当的词填空) 15．（24-25高二上·广东揭阳·阶段练习）Recent accidents, fifty people lost their lives, are mainly due to the heavy fog. (用适当的词填空) 16．（21-22高一上·江苏扬州·期中） was expected, he succeeded in the exam. (用适当的词填空) 17．（24-25高一上·全国·课堂例题）He climbed up to the top of the temple, he could see nothing but trees. (用适当的词填空) 18．（24-25高二上·重庆·阶段练习）The project, which the team attaches significant value and sees as a key foundation for future development, is expected to succeed. (用适当的词填空) 19．（24-25高二上·四川成都·阶段练习）Many young people, most of were well- educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams and contribute to the development of our country. (用适当的词填空) 20．（24-25高二上·广东揭阳·阶段练习）He has many friends, some of are from foreign countries. (用适当的词填空) 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 定语从句 语法精讲 一、1、概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词，关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 2、关系词的作用包括： 1)放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接（主句和从句）作用； 2)在从句中充当一定的成分； 3)在从句中替代先行词，并与先行词保持人称和数的一致。 3、引导定语从句的常用关系词及其用法如下表： 关系词 所修饰的先行词 在从句中所作成分 关系代词 who 人 主语、宾语、表语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人、物或事 主语、宾语 关系副词 When 时间名词 时间状语 Where 地点名词 地点状语 Why 原因名词 原因状语 二、关系词的用法 （一）关系代词的用法 关系代词指代的是先行词，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语等，作宾语时，常省略；如果关系代词作介词的宾语且介词提到关系代词的前面时，关系代词不能省略。 1、 who、whom的用法 都用于指人，who在定语从句中作主语、宾语（作宾语时可省略），whom作宾语可省略，现代英语里，whom可以用who 代替 She is a girl (who is beautiful.)（作主语） The students (who don’t study hard )will not pass the exam.（作主语） The woman (whom/who you saw in the park) is our English teacher.（作宾语可省略） 特别提示： 在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后，只能用whom，不能用who Yesterday I came across the man (about whom you talked last time.)（作宾语不可省略） 2、 which的用法 which一般指物，在句中作主语、宾语等，作主语时不可省略，宾语可省略。 This is the book (which you are looking for.) （作宾语可省略） Football is a game (which is liked by most boys.)（作主语） This is the book (which I bought yesterday.)（作宾语可省略） The river (which runs through the centre of the city) brings us lots of pleasure.（作主语） 3、that 可指人指物。指人时可与who/whom互换，指物时可与which互换。在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语时可省略，作介词的宾语时，介词不可提到that之前，若介词提前则必须用which或whom替代。 Mary likes music (that is quiet and gentle).（that指物，=which, 作主语） The coat (that I put on the desk) is blue. （that指物，=which, 作宾语） The boy (that visited our school yesterday) is from England.（that指人，=who, 作主语） He is the man (that I visited last week). （that指人，=who/whom, 作宾语） 4、 whose的用法 既可指人也可指物，在从句中只能作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格，它 可以转化为“the +名词+of which/whom”和“of which/whom+the +名词”的形式。 The house (whose roof is very solid )was built by my father.（作定语） The house (the roof of which is very solid )was built by my father. The house (of which the roof is very solid )was built by my father. 5、 as的用法 当先行词前有as、so、such或the same等修饰，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语的关系代词用as， as既可指人又可指物 We need such material (as is being used in your factory.)（作主语） I never heard such stories (as he told).（作宾语） He’ll repeat such questions (as are discussed in the book).（作主语） He is not the same man( as he was).（作表语） 注意：the same…as(代词)…，表示两物相似 同类不同物； the same…that(代词)…, 表示两物同一物。 This is the same pen as I used yesterday.这是和我昨天用的一样的钢笔。 This is the same pen that I used yesterday.这是我昨天用过的那支钢笔。 特别提示： 1.关系词that和which 都可以指物，多数情况可以互换，但以下情况只能用that： 1） 先行词是all, much, few, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, some, the one等不定代词时。 We should do everything that is useful to the people. 2）先行词被all, few, little, much, every, some, no等修饰 或被 the only, the very, the same, the last, the right,just等限定词修饰时 This is the very book that I want. This is the same bike that I lost. 3）先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。 The first thing (that we should do) is to work out a plan. 4）先行词既指人又指物时 I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that I saw in the room.) 5）当主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时 Who is the man that won the gold medal?赢得金牌的的那个人是谁？ Which is the bike that you lost?哪辆是你丢的自行车？ 2、宜用which不用that的情况 1) 当关系代词前有介词，先行词指物时 This is the house in which I used to live. 2) 当引导非限制性定语从句时 The plane landed safely, which made us very happy. （二）关系副词的用法 关系副词主要有when, where, why,在定语从句中作状语，一般不可省略。关系副词有时可用“介词+关系代词”来替代（why常相当于for which），介词取决于先行词及“介词+which”在从句中的作用。 1、 when指时间，其先行词通常是time, day, week, year等时间名词，在句中作时间状语。 I’ll never forget the day (when/on which we worked together in London.) I still remember the time (when/during which I first became a college student.) 2、where指地点，其先行词通常是place, spot, street, house, city等地点名词，在句中作地点状语。例如： This is the hotel (where/at which they are staying). This is the house (where/in which I lived two years ago). 特别提示： 当先行词是point，case，degree，position，activity，job，atmosphere，situation，stage 等抽象地点名词时，可以用关系副词where来引导。 Teaching is a job (where you are doing something serious but interesting.) 3、why 指原因，其先行词通常只能是reason，在句中作原因状语。 Do you know the reason why/ for which he was absent? Do you know the reason which/ that may explain his absence? That was not the reason that/which/不填he gave the other day. 三、“介词+关系代词”的用法 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，通常用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，如果指人，用“介词+whom”；如果指物，用“介词+which”。 1、 “介词+关系代词”结构中介词的确定方法 1） 根据从句中的谓语动词或主要的形容词确定介词 The witness (to whom the policeman referred) was killed last night. Yesterday we visited the West Lake (for which Hangzhou is famous). 2)根据定语从句先行词确定 I don’t know the reason (for which he was late for school). I’ll never forget the time (during which I spent my childhood in the countryside) . 1) 根据所表达的意思来确定 The colourless gas(without which we cannot live )is called oxygen. 特别提示：若介词与从句中的动词为固定短语，介词提前将失去动词短语的意义，所以不可把介词置于关系代词前。 如：call on, hear from, look for, look after, pay attention to ,take care of , look forward to, listen to等 This is the girl that / which you are looking for. The patient who/whom /that the nurse is looking after is her father. The issues that /which we should pay attention to are stressed again in the meeting. There are two babies who/whom/that we must take good care of. 总结: “三步法”玩转定语从句 第一步：找出先行词 第二步：还原先行词 (还原到后面的定语从句中，并分析其所充当的成分。) 第三步：选择先行词 先行词是人，作主语用who /that，作宾语用 whom /that，作定语用whose. 先行词是物，作主语、宾语都用that/which, 作定语用 whose. 先行词是物(时间、地点、原因)，作状语用 when\where\why, 作主语、宾语都用that/which. 4、 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 概述： 1．限制性定语从句通常紧跟在先行词之后，对先行词起修饰、限制确定作用。从句和先行词的关系十分密切，两者之间一般不可用逗号隔开。 He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被偷的那个人。 2．非限制性定语从句是对先行词的一个补充说明。没有它，主句也能独立存在；非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系不是很密切，两者之间用逗号隔开。 I’ve invited Mary, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了玛丽，她住在隔壁。 He has two sisters，who are working in the city. 他有两个姐姐，她们在城里工作。 区别： 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 （1）翻译不同： 翻译时，一般把限制性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前； My sister who works in Shanghai sends me an email almost every day. 我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。 而非限制性定语从句通常与主句分开翻译。 My sister, who works in Shanghai, sends me an email almost every day. 我姐姐在上海工作，几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。 （2）关系词的选用不同 限制性定语从句可以用关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which，关系副词when，where，why等引导，而非限制性定语从句不可用that或why来引导(上述引导词除了这两者以外均可用来引导非限制性定语从句)。 Yesterday he bought a new car，which was made in China.(which不可换用that) 昨天他买了一辆新车，是中国生产的。 He didn't give the reason，which explained his absence from the meeting held last week. (which不可换用why，因为which在定语从句中作主语，而why只能在定语从句中作状语)此句也可以这样表达，He didn't give the reason，for which he was absent from the meeting held last week. 对于缺席上周的会议他没有给出理由。 （3）先行词不同 限制性定语从句的先行词常常是名词或代词； I have an elder brother who works in Beijing. 非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或整个句子。 The boy was away from home for a week, which worried his parents very much. 五、as和which引导的非限制性定从从句的区别 which as 位置上 只能放在先行词的后面 位置灵活，可位于句前、句中，也可置于句后 搭配上 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see，hear，know，expect，remember，guess，hope等 句意上 意为“这一点” 表示“正如……，正像……的那样” As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health. = Smoking is harmful to one’s health, as is known to all. He invited me to dinner, which made me very happy. This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. as引导非限制性定语从句时，常用于下列一些固定结构中: （1） as is expected 不出所料 （2）as is reported 正如所报道的 （3）as is mentioned above 正如上面所提到的（4）as is often the case 这是常有的事 （5）as we all know / as is known to all 众所周知 六、“介词＋which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句由“介词十关系代词”引导时， 其中的关系代词只能用which或whom。介词的选择原则主要有： （1）根据介词与动词的搭配关系 There are some details in the project, about which the manager cares much. (care about) 经理非常关心这项工程里的一些细节。 （2）根据介词与形容词的搭配关系 I introduced some subjects to her, in which she may be interested. (be interested in) 我给她介绍了几个科目，她可能对它们感兴趣。 （3）根据介词与先行词的关系 Last night I took part in a party and lost my key, without which I can't open the door of my dormitory. 昨天晚上我参加聚会把钥匙丢了，没有钥匙我打不开宿舍的门。 （4）根据属于与被属于(或部分与整体)的关系 There stands a building over there, the elevators of which often go out of order. 那里有一座楼，那座楼的电梯经常出故障。 语法精练 一、单项选择 1．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）Many young people, most of ________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. A．them B．whom C．who D．that 2．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, ________are beyond our control A．most of them B．most of that C．most of what D．most of which 3．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）Walking through the museum, I noticed a gallery, on ______ walls displayed ancient artifacts. A．whose B．its C．which D．that 4．（24-25高二上·上海·期中）More than 30 million people, ________ Apple CEO Tim Cook and podcast host Joe Rogan, are now expanding their horizons with Blinkist. A．among them are B．of whom are C．of them are D．among whom are 5．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）Kate, ______ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in America. A．who B．which C．her D．whose 6．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）Much of his youth was spent in Beijing, ______ he developed an interest in Beijing Opera. A．which B．where C．there D．in it 7．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）The number of smokers, ______ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. A．as B．it C．which D．that 8．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）She created a charity in memory of his father, ______ passed away from Alzheimer’s disease. A．who B．which C．that D．whoever 9．（24-25高二上·天津·期中）There is a learning center in our school, _________ kids do independent and self-directed learning activities. A．whose B．which C．where D．when 10．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）Kate wrote an application letter to the manager, ________ she recommended herself for the position. A．where B．which C．who D．why 11．（24-25高二上·天津滨海新·期中）I’m very grateful to Mr. Green, with ________ help I realized my dream. A．who B．whose C．which D．that 12．（24-25高二上·广东广州·期中）________is known to us all that the old worker, ________life was hard in the past, still works hard in his seventies. A．As; which B．It; which C．As; whose D．It; whose 13．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）My neighbor always plays loud music late into the night, ______ I find annoying. A．that B．which C．who D．whom 14．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）On the last evening of the academic year, students often stay up late into the night, ______ they can relax and chat with friends. A．which B．when C．where D．who 15．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）In the middle of the meadow, there is a small pond, on __________ left side stands a large tree, shooting up from the ground like a dark fire. A．the B．which C．whose D．its 16．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）The volunteers have come from different backgrounds, all of __________ are united by a common desire to help those in need. A．who B．which C．them D．whom 17．（24-25高二上·天津·期中）The Science Museum is one of London’s tourist attractions, ______ we visited during a recent trip to Britain. A．where B．that C．when D．which 18．（24-25高二上·天津·期中）______ is often the case , anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. A．It B．What C．As D．That 19．（24-25高二上·黑龙江佳木斯·期中）Florentijin Hofman is a Dutch artist, _______ large sculptures are on display all over the world, and he has a passion______children’s toys. A．whose;for B．that;on C．which;for D．who;in 20．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）It rained hard yesterday, ________ prevented me from going to the park. A．when B．what C．that D．which 21．（24-25高二上·广东广州·阶段练习）______ so many times didn’t make him lose heart, _____ in turn, helped him become strong and be a real man. A．Rejected, it B．Rejecting, it C．Being rejected, which D．Having rejected, which 22．（24-25高二上·天津津南·期中）The house, ________door often stays open until late at night, works as a home for the guards, some of________are from the countryside. A．whose; whom B．which; whom C．whose; them D．where; them 23．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）The building was surrounded by demonstrators, several of _________ were well-known actors. A．which B．them C．whom D．who 24．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）The southern states wanted to set up a country of their own, ________ they would be free to keep black slaves. A．which B．whom C．where D．as 25．（24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中） was often the case, she forgot to bring her homework to school. A．It B．As C．Which D．Who 26．（24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中）He has two Chinese-English dictionaries, both were bought last week. A．of whom B．of which C．of that D．of them 27．（24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中）She is very patient, is shown in her work. A．who B．that C．it D．as 28．（24-25高二上·吉林长春·期中）After everyone was seated, there was a formal ceremony, _____ made us excited. A．that B．it C．which D．what 29．（24-25高二上·黑龙江佳木斯·期中）_____Tan once said, Chinese music should carry “universal expression” of the human spirit so as _________by the whole world. A．It; recognized B．Which; to recognize C．What; to be recognized D．As; to be recognized 30．（24-25高二上·重庆·阶段练习）My English teacher often reminds us of the fact that handwriting, __________ little significance is attached, will play a vital role in the exams. A．to which B．in which C．at which D．about which 31．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·阶段练习）The two players, neither of _________ reached the final, showed their best performance. A．them B．whom C．which D．those 32．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·阶段练习）Football is played in almost every country, _________ makes it the first sport in the world. A．where B．which C．as D．that 33．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·阶段练习）Amanda simply bandaged her wound and later was taken to a hospital, she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. A．when B．where C．which D．as 34．（24-25高二上·黑龙江哈尔滨·阶段练习）This policy is worth ________ out, through ________ we can double our work efficiency. A．being carried; which B．carrying; which C．being carried; that D．carrying; that 35．（24-25高二上·天津和平·阶段练习）The girl in front of you is my younger sister, academic performance is very wonderful. A．sat; who B．seated; which C．seating; whom D．sitting; whose 36．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·阶段练习）The number of smokers,   is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. A．which B．who C．whom D．as 37．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·阶段练习）The engineer, ________ design of the new smartphone has won an international award, will give a ________ at the tech conference next month. A．who; presentation B．whose; preparation C．who; preparation D．whose; presentation 38．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·阶段练习）Although the scientist is over 80 years old, he still ________ himself to his research, ________has moved many people greatly. A．devotes; which B．devoted; what C．devoting; what D．devoted; which 39．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·阶段练习）It was on Mid-Autumn Festival, ______ all family members reunited, that I left my hometown for a strange city. A．which B．as C．that D．when 40．（24-25高二上·天津武清·阶段练习）He finished his education with excellent grades, ________ helped him a lot in his future career. A．which B．that C．where D．who 二、语法填空 1．（24-25高二上·广东湛江·期中）There is nothing we can do to help Alice, circumstances are beyond our control. (用适当的词填空) 2．（24-25高二上·山东济宁·期中）In our class there are 46 students, one-third of wear glasses. (用适当的词填空) 3．（23-24高二上·广东汕尾·阶段练习）Later, the medicine was tested on patients, most of recovered. (用适当的词填空) 4．（23-24高二上·广东汕尾·阶段练习）Mike did a good job in the English Speech Contest, made his parents proud. (用适当的词填空) 5．（23-24高二上·广东汕尾·阶段练习）The old people, were very excited by our visit, told us their personal stories. (用适当的词填空) 6．（24-25高二上·福建·期中） the chart shows, there has been a steady increase in the number of users over the past year, indicating the success of our marketing campaign. (用适当的词填空) 7．（24-25高二上·全国·课后作业）The Chinese women’s volleyball team (assign) to the “group of death”, it faced several strong opponents in the group stage matches. (所给词的适当形式或适当的词填空) 8．（24-25高二上·广东茂名·期中）Seeing the photo, she couldn’t resist (think) of her grandmother, with she had spent many wonderful days in her childhood. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．（24-25高二上·广东茂名·期中） we need to do now is to figure out a solution, will help us overcome the difficulties. (用适当的词填空) 10．（24-25高二上·河北唐山·阶段练习）We moved on to the north tip of the area, it was blowing hard and snowing. （用适当的词填空） 11．（24-25高二上·河北唐山·阶段练习）Tom was always speaking highly of his role in the play, of course, made the others unhappy. （用适当的词填空） 12．（24-25高二上·广东揭阳·期中） is known to all, anyone who breaks the rules should be punished. (用适当的词填空) 13．（24-25高二上·广东揭阳·期中）When foreigners talk about the cities of China, the first of comes to their minds is Beijing. (用适当的词填空) 14．（24-25高一上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）They have won three matches in a row, is quite surprising. (用适当的词填空) 15．（24-25高二上·广东揭阳·阶段练习）Recent accidents, fifty people lost their lives, are mainly due to the heavy fog. (用适当的词填空) 16．（21-22高一上·江苏扬州·期中） was expected, he succeeded in the exam. (用适当的词填空) 17．（24-25高一上·全国·课堂例题）He climbed up to the top of the temple, he could see nothing but trees. (用适当的词填空) 18．（24-25高二上·重庆·阶段练习）The project, which the team attaches significant value and sees as a key foundation for future development, is expected to succeed. (用适当的词填空) 19．（24-25高二上·四川成都·阶段练习）Many young people, most of were well- educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams and contribute to the development of our country. (用适当的词填空) 20．（24-25高二上·广东揭阳·阶段练习）He has many friends, some of are from foreign countries. (用适当的词填空) 答案 1、 单项选择 1．B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：许多年轻人，其中大多数受过良好教育，前往偏远地区追逐梦想。句中先行词为young people，指代人，在非限定性定语从句中作most of的宾语，所以用关系代词whom引导。故选B。 2．D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：植物的生长速度受到多种因素的影响，其中大部分是我们无法控制的。空处引导非限制性定语从句，并与most of连用，先行词a number of factors，指物，在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，需用关系代词which引导。故选D。 3．A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：穿过博物馆，我注意到一个画廊，墙上陈列着古代文物。此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词gallery，在从句作定语，应用whose。故选A。 4．D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：超过3000万人，其中包括苹果公司首席执行官蒂姆·库克和播客主持人乔·罗根，目前正在通过Blinkist拓宽他们的视野。空处引导非限制性定语从句，排除A项和C项；表示“在……之中”应用介词among。故选D。 5．D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：凯特去美国工作了，我们上大学时，她的妹妹与我同住一个房间。空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词Kate。先行词指人，且关系词在定语从句中作定语，所以用关系代词whose引导该从句。故选D。 6．B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他的青年时代大部分时间是在北京度过的，在那里他对京剧产生了兴趣。句中先行词为Beijing，在非限定性定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故选B。 7．A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：据报道，吸烟者的数量在一年之内就下降了17%。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为The number of smokers has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.整个句子，在此处表示正如。as引导的非限制性定语从句可以指代前面的整个句子，并有“正如……”的意思。故选A项。 8．A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她创建了一个慈善机构，以纪念因阿尔茨海默氏症去世的父亲。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词his father，先行词在从句中作主语，指代人，应用关系代词who。故选A项。 9．C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们学校有一个学习中心，孩子们在这里进行独立自主的学习活动。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为a learning center，作从句的地点状语，用关系副词where引导从句。故选C。 10．A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：凯特给经理写了一封求职信，在信中她自荐了这个职位。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为letter，且关系词在句中作地点状语，使用where引导。故选A。 11．B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我非常感谢格林先生先生，在他的帮助下我实现了我的梦想。with one’s help“在某人的帮助下”是固定短语，此处为非限制性定语从句，关系词指代先行词Mr. Green，在从句中作定语，应用whose引导。故选B。 12．D 【详解】考查主语从句和非限制性定语从句。句意：众所周知，那位老工人，过去生活很艰难，在他70多岁的时候仍然努力工作。it is known to us all that...(众所周知)，形式主语it，that引导主语从句；“________life was hard in the past”为非限制性定语从句，先行词是the old worker，关系词替代先行词在从句中作空后名词life (生活)的定语，用关系代词whose。故选D项。 13．B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我的邻居总是大声放音乐到深夜，我觉得很烦。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的句子，在定语从句中作宾语，需用关系代词which引导。故选B。 14．B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在学年的最后一个晚上，学生们经常熬夜到深夜，这时他们可以放松一下，和朋友聊天。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词night，在从句作时间状语，所以使用关系副词when。故选B。 15．C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在草地中央有一个小池塘，在池塘的左侧有一棵大树，像黑色的火焰一样从地面升起。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是a small pond，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作定语，修饰left side，应用关系代词whose引导。故选C。 16．D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这些志愿者来自不同的背景，但他们都有一个共同的愿望，那就是帮助那些需要帮助的人。分析句子可知，此处为all of+关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词The volunteers(指人)在从句中作介词of的宾语，所以此处为关系代词whom，all of whom表示“他们中所有人”。故选D项。 17．D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：科学博物馆是伦敦的旅游景点之一，我们最近去英国时参观了它。空处引导非限定性定语从句，指代先行词the Science Museum，同时又在从句中作visited的宾语，用which引导。故选D项。 18．C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：通常情况下，对于那些坚持希望的人来说，一切皆有可能。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句，关系词在从句中作主语，表示“正如”，应用关系as引导，位于句首，首字母大写。故选C。 19．A 【详解】考查定语从句及介词。句意：弗洛伦蒂金·霍夫曼是一位荷兰艺术家，他的大型雕塑在世界各地展出，他对儿童玩具很感兴趣。第一空需要一个连接词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a Dutch artist，并指代先行词在从句中作定语，应填关系代词whose；第二空为介词固定搭配，动词短语have a passion for something意为“热爱，热衷于”，应填for。故选A项。 20．D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：昨天雨下得很大，这让我无法去公园。分析句子可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故选D项。 21．C 【详解】考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意：被拒绝这么多次并没有让他失去信心，这反过来又帮助他变得坚强，成为一个真正的男人。第一个空需要动名词作主语，动词reject和him是逻辑上的动宾关系，要用动名词的被动语态结构，表示被动的意思；第二个空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句的内容，用关系代词which引导。故选C。 22．A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：房子的大门经常开到深夜，这座房子是看守员的家，其中一些人是从乡下来的。第一空中，定语从句的先行词为“The house”，与后面的“door”是从属关系，用关系代词“whose”；第二空是非限制性定语从句中的“部分+of+整体”的结构，先行词“guards”为人，所以用关系代词表人的宾格形式“whom”。故选A。 23．C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：大楼周围都是示威者，其中有几名示威者是著名的演员。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词demonstrators，指人，且在从句中作介词of的宾语，应用whom，故选C。 24．C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：南方各州想建立一个自己的国家，在那里他们可以自由地保留黑人奴隶。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是a country of their own，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故选C。 25．B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：情况常常如此，她忘了把作业带到学校来。设空处引导非限制性的定语从句，先行词为整个主句“she forgot to bring her homework to school”,应用as，as was often the case“情况常常如此”。故选B。 26．B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他有两本汉英词典，都是上周买的。逗号前后无连词，故此处是“介词短语+关系词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是dictionaries，关系词在从句中作of的宾语，使用关系代词which，故选B。 27．D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她非常耐心，这在她的工作中表现出来。as引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子，在从句中做主语，意为“正如，正像”。故选D。 28．C 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：大家落座后，有一个正式的仪式，这让我们很兴奋。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是ceremony，关系词在从句中作主语，使用关系代词which引导，故选C。 29．D 【详解】考查定语从句和非谓语动词。句意：谭曾说，中国音乐应该承载人类精神的“普世表达”，才能得到全世界的认可。空处引导非限制性定语从句，表示“正如”，放在句首，应用关系代词As引导定语从句。so as to意思为：为了，表示目的，Chinese music与recognize构成逻辑上的被动关系，应用不定式的被动语态。故选D。 30．A 【详解】考查定语从句的连接词。句意：我的英语老师经常提醒我们这样一个事实：书写虽然不太重要，但在考试中却起着至关重要的作用。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为handwriting，指的是物，所以使用关系代词which，根据attach...to意为“附在……上； 系在……上”可知，与attach搭配的介词为to，所以此处是“to which”引导的非限制性定语从句该句结构为 that 引导的同位语从句, 对 the fact 进行解释说明。同位语从句中又出现一个定语从句，其先行词 handwriting 放在定语从句中作介词 to 。故选 A。 31．B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这两位选手，他们都未能进入决赛，展示了自己最好的表现。空处引导非限制性定语从句，players是先行词，指人，在后面的定语从句中作介词of的宾语，需用关系代词whom来引导定语从句。故选B。 32．B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：几乎每个国家都踢足球，这使它成为世界上第一项运动。空处引导非限制性定语从句，是对前半句的补充说明，解释了前半句的结果，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导，指代前面整个句子的内容。故选B。 33．B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：阿曼达简单地包扎了伤口，后来被送往医院，在那里她得知自己的一个膝盖受了重伤。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是hospital，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故选B。 34．B 【详解】考查动名词和定语从句。句意：这项政策值得执行，通过这项政策我们的工作效率可以提高一倍。第一空，be worth doing“值得做”，主动表被动，故用carry 的动名词形式作宾语；第二空为介词+关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词policy，先行词在从句中作介词through的宾语，指物，故用关系代词which。故选B项。 35．D 【详解】考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意：坐在你前面的女孩是我的妹妹，她的学业表现非常出色。主句谓语动词是is，第一空填入非谓语动词作后置定语修饰The girl，sit与其逻辑主语The girl之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式，seat与其逻辑主语The girl之间是被动关系，用过去分词形式，故排除AC；第二空引导定语从句，修饰先行词my younger sister，且在从句中作定语，用whose引导非限制性定语从句，排除B。故选D项。 36．D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：据报道，吸烟者的数量在短短一年内下降了17%。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个句子“The number of smokers, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.”在从句中作主语成分，as有“正如……一样”的意思。故选D项。 37．D 【详解】考查定语从句和名词词义辨析。句意：这位工程师的新智能手机设计赢得了一个国际奖项，他将在下个月的科技大会上发表演讲。A. who关系代词，指人，定语从句中作主语；presentation表述，展示；B.  whose关系代词，作定语；preparation准备；C. who关系代词，指人，定语从句中作主语；preparation准备；D. whose关系代词，作定语；presentation表述，展示。第一空引导非限制性定语从句，design和先行词engineer之间是所属关系，因此第一空用表所属的关系代词whose“……的”作定语；由“at the tech conference”可知，他将在下个月的科技大会上做演讲，第二空presentation符合句意。故选D。 38．A 【详解】考查时态，主谓一致和定语从句。句意：虽然这位科学家已经80多岁了，但他仍然致力于他的研究，这使许多人深受感动。空1处描述现在的事实，时态用一般现在时，主语he是单数，因此第一空用第三人称单数devotes；空2处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，主语是前面整个主句的内容，因此第二空用which引导非限制性定语从句。故选A。 39．D 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那是在中秋节，那时候所有家人团聚，我离开了我的家乡前往一个陌生的城市。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Mid-Autumn Festival，先行词在从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when。故选D项。 40．A 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他以优异的成绩完成了他的学业，这对他未来的职业生涯帮助很大。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整句话在从句中作主语成分。故选A项。 二、语法填空 1．whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们帮不了爱丽丝，她的处境超出了我们的控制。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词whose引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词Alice(指人)在从句中作circumstances的定语成分。故填whose。 2．whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们班有46个学生，其中三分之一戴眼镜。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词46 students(指人)在从句中作介词of的宾语成分，所以此处为介词of+关系代词whom引导的定语从句。故填whom。 3．whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：后来，这种药物在病人身上进行了试验，大多数人都康复了。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“patients”，指人，在从句中作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词whom。故填whom。 4．which 【详解】查非限制性定语从句。句意：Mike在英语演讲比赛中表现很好，这让他的父母感到自豪。分析句子结构，后面的部分为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 5．who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那些老人因为我们的拜访而非常激动，他们告诉了我们他们的个人故事。分析句子结构可知，空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是The old people，指人，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，因此用关系代词who。故填who。 6．As 【详解】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：如图所示，在过去的一年中，用户数量稳步增长，这表明我们的营销活动取得了成功。As the chart shows正如图表所示。as引导非限定性定语从句，有“正如”之意，指代整个主句的内容。故填As。 7． was assigned where 【详解】考查时态、语态和定语从句。句意：中国女排被分到“死亡之组”，在小组赛中面临几个强大的对手。主语team和动词assign之间是被动关系，结合faced可知此处使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是名词单数，be动词使用was；第二空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是group of death，关系词在从句中作抽象的地点状语，使用关系副词where引导。故填①was assigned②where。 8． thinking whom 【详解】考查动名词和定语从句。句意：看到照片，她禁不住想起小时候和她祖母度过的美好时光。第一空为固定搭配couldn’t resist doing (忍不住做某事)，应填动名词thinking，作宾语；第二空引导定语从句，先行词为her grandmother，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作with的宾语，应用关系代词whom引导。故填①thinking；②whom。 9． What which 【详解】考查主语从句和定语从句。句意：我们现在需要做的是找出一个解决方案，这将帮助我们克服困难。第一个空为what引导的主语从句，在句中作宾语，首字母大写。第二个空先行词是a solution，在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。故填①What；②which。 10．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们继续前进到该地区的北端，那里风很大并且在下雪。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the north tip of the area，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填：where。 11．which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Tom总是对他在剧中扮演的角色评价很高，这当然使得其他人不高兴。空处引导非限定性定语从句，关系词指代前面整个句子，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 12．As 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：众所周知，任何违反规则的人都应该受到惩罚。空处放在开头，表示“正如”，引导逗号后的从句，用As引导非限制性定语从句。故填As。 13．which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：当外国人谈论中国的城市时，首先想到的是北京。空格处是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词cities是城市，关系词代替先行词在从句中作of的宾语，因此空格处用关系代词which。故填which。 14．which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们连赢了三场比赛，这真是令人吃惊。分析句子结构可知，空处指代前面一个句子，且在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词 which引导非限定性定语从句。故填which。 15．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：最近的事故中有50人丧生，主要是由于大雾造成的。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词accidents作补充说明，先行词在从句中表示行为发生的地点，作地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。 16．As 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：正如所料，他考试成功了。设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，关系词指代后文的事实，意为“正如”，因此使用关系代词as。同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填As。 17．from which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他爬到寺庙的顶部，从那里除了树什么也看不见。这里考查介词+关系代词构成的非限制性定语从句。先行词the top of the temple，为物，这里指“从寺庙的顶部”看，应用from which。故填from which。 18．to 【详解】考查介词。句意：该项目被团队视为重要的价值，并被视为未来发展的关键基础，预计将取得成功。attach significant value to“重视”，固定短语，故此处使用“to which”引导非限制性定语从句，修饰project，故填to。 19．whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：许多年轻人，其中大多数受过良好教育，前往偏远地区追逐他们的梦想，为我们国家的发展做出贡献。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词Many young people指人，在从句中作介词of的宾语，所以此处使用关系代词whom。故填whom。 20．whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他有很多朋友，其中一些来自国外。分析句子可知，这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词many friends，为人，在从句中作of后宾语，所以应用关系代词whom。故填whom。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$