专题02 非谓语动词【考点串讲PPT】-2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期末考点大串讲（外研版2019）

高二英语期末考试复习 外研版 选择性 必修第一册 非谓语动词 非谓语动词 三种基本形式 动词 不定式 现在 分词 过去 分词 to do doing done 非谓语动词的形式及句法功能 种类 时态 主动 被动 主语 宾语 宾补 表语 定语 状语 不定式 一般式 进行式 完成式 动名词 一般式 完成式 分词 现在 一般式 完成式 过去 一般式 to do to be done to be doing × to have done to have been done √ √ √ √ √ √ doing being done having done having been done doing being done having done having been done done(vi.)表完成 done(vt.)表被动与完成 √ √ √ √ × × × × × × √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Playing with fire is dangerous. Writing the book has taken up all his spare time. Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language. 动名词作主语 动名词作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常性的行为，通常放于句首。动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 It is no use crying over spilt milk. It is fun playing computer games. It’s no good talking a lot without doing anything. 动名词（短语）作主语，且主语较长时，为了平衡句子 结构，通常用it作形式主语 常用It作形式主语，把动名词置于句尾的常用句式有： It is/ was + no use/ good + doing sth. 做……是没有用/没有好处的 It is useless doing sth.做……没有用 It is a waste of time doing... 做……是浪费时间的 It is/ was + worth/ worthwhile + doing sth. 做……是值得的 It is fun/no fun doing sth.做……有趣/没有趣 动名词作主语 动名词作宾语 只跟动名词作宾语的常见单词或短语： suggest，finish， practice， mind，miss，enjoy，imagine，escape，excuse，appreciate，admit，keep，avoid，resist，consider，delay，dislike，risk，allow，can't help，feel like，succeed in，be fond of，object to，get down to，be engaged in，insist on，think of，be proud of，take pride in，set about，be afraid of，be tired of，look forward to，devote oneself to，be worth，be busy，pay attention to，stick to，give up，keep on，put off，get down to，have difficulty/trouble (in)，have a good/ wonderful/ hard time (in)，have fun Today, Liu Wei still enjoy playing music, and his positive attitude is an inpiration to us all. It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like going for a swim? 动名词作表语 动名词作表语通常是对主语进行解释、说明。句子的主语通常是表示无生命的名词或what引导的名词性从句，表语与主语通常是对等关系，可以互换。 His favorite sport is swimming. His habit is walking the dog after supper。 His job is painting walls。 动名词作定语，用来说明被修饰词的用途，在意义上相当于“名词+for+doing”，此时动名词常置于被修饰的词的前面 a fishing net 渔网 a swimming pool 游泳池 reading room 阅览室 a sleeping car 卧铺车厢 a washing machine 洗衣机 a walking stick 拐杖 There are many people in the waiting room. 候车室有很多人。 In sight of Shackleton's landing place, our boat hit rock. 在能看到沙克尔顿的登陆点时，我们的船触礁了。 动名词作定语 不定式作主语 不定式(短语)作主语，表示某一具体的，尤其是未发生的动作，通常位于句首。不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 To complete the program needs much effort. 完成这项计划需要很大的努力。 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 To learn a new language is not easy. 学习一门新语言并不容易。 不定式作主语 不定式（短语）作主语，且主语较长时，为了平衡句子 结构，通常用it作形式主语，而把不定式置于后面。 常用It作形式主语的表达：It + be + 名词 to do sth. It takes/ took sb. + some time to do sth. It be difficult/ easy/ important/ impossible/ necessary…+ for sb. to do sth. It + be + careless/ clever/ foolish/ honest/ kind/ lazy/ silly/ stupid/ wise... + of sb. to do sth. It's not easy to learn English well. Reading as much as possible is necessary. 学好英语不容易。广泛阅读是有必要的。 不定式作宾语 只接不定式作宾语的常用动词 hope，wish，expect，learn，want，decide，determine，manage，refuse，care，pretend，offer，promise，choose，plan，fail，ask，beg，decide，agree，help，afford，happen I decide to quit smoking. 我决定戒烟。 She promises to her mother a big house as she grows up. 她许诺当她长大后给妈妈买个大房子。 I happened to meet him on my way home. 我在回家的路上碰巧遇到他。 不定式作宾语 有些动词后常接“疑问词+不定式”短语作宾语，如know, teach, learn, understand, decide, tell, ask, discover，explain，wonder等 I wonder how to deal with the colourful apples. 我想知道怎样处理这些五彩的苹果。 My mom told me how to prepare it. 妈妈告诉我怎样准备。 He didn’t know how to deal with the accident. 他不知道如何处理这场事故。 不定式作宾语补足语 有些动词（短语）后跟不定式作宾补用来补充说明宾语的动作或状态：advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，encourage，expect，forbid，force，get，intend，invite，order，persuade，prefer，require，teach，tell，want，wish，warn，remind，wait for，call on，depend on等。 I want you to help me. 我希望你帮助我。 She asked me to answer the phone in her absence. 她让我在她不在时接电话。 Our teacher encourages us to face difficulty bravely. 我们老师鼓励我们勇敢地面对困难。 不定式作定语 不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。不定式作定语，往往表示未发生的动作，通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后 Let us give him something to eat. 让我们给他一些吃的东西。 We have much homework to do tonight. 今晚我们有很多作业要做。 不定式作定语 不定式作定语，与其被修饰的词在逻辑上有主谓关系或动宾关系。 We must find a person to do the job.(主谓关系) 我们必须找到一个人来做这项工作。 We need someone to go and get a doctor.(主谓关系) 我们需要有人去请医生。 I usually have a lot of meetings to attend.(动宾关系) 我通常有很多会议要参加。 She is a nice person to work with.(动宾关系) 她是一个很好的合作伙伴。 动词不定式作定语，且与被修饰的词有逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式动词应该是及物动词；如果不定式动词为不及物动词，则该动词必须与介词连用，使其成为及物的动词短语。 Because the room was very crowded, I needed a tall bench to stand on. 因为房间里很拥挤，我需要一条高板凳站上去。 He wanted to find a new house to live in. 他想找一所新房子住。 不定式作定语 当名词或代词被序数词、形容词最高级the first，the last等修饰，且不定式与其逻辑主语为主谓关系时，常用动词不定式作定语。 He is the best man to do the job. 他是做这份工作的最佳人选。 He was the first one to think of the idea. 他是第一个想到这个主意的人。 不定式作定语 当被修饰词是表示抽象意义的名词时，常用不定式作后置定语，且不定式常用主动形式。常见的此类名词有ability, chance, idea, attempt, plan, way, opportunity，desire，determination，decision等。 They failed in their attempt to reach there before five o'clock. 他们试图在五点钟以前到达那里，但失败了。 But Janis Adkins has the ability and desire to do useful work. 但是詹尼斯·阿德金斯有能力和愿望去做有用的工作。 不定式作定语 不定式作表语表示预测将要发生的动作，或表示未来的可能性或假设。 You must speak out, if we are to remain friends. 如果我们还想继续做朋友的话，你就必须痛痛快快地把话都说出来。 不定式作表语 当主语是aim, purpose, idea, plan, wish, decision, choice等词时，常用不定式作表语。 My wish is to become a good doctor in the future. 我的愿望就是将来要当名好医生。 主语为what 引导的名词性从句，表示将来特定的某一次动作时，常用不定式作表语。 What she would suggest is to put off the meeting. 她建议把会议取消。 不定式作目的状语可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。但用在句中表目的时前面不能用逗号，强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to/so as to＋动词原形替换，意为“为了；想要”，但so as to不用于句首 To make friends easily, you need to be very kind. 要想很容易地交朋友，你需要友善。 In order to/So as to increase leves of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. 为了提高社区服务水平，一些学校已经发起了义务志愿者服务计划。 不定式作状语 动词不定式作结果状语通常用于以下句式中：so/ such...as to; enough...to; too...to; only to(常表示意外结果或事与愿违的结果)。 I'm not such a fool as to believe that. 我不至于蠢到相信那种事。 He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学的年龄了。 Anxiously，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only to find it didn't fit. 她焦急地从包里拿出裙子试穿，结果却发现不合身。 She is so proud as to look down upon others. 她太骄傲了，看不起别人。 不定式作状语 不定式作状语 不定式作原因状语时常与表示喜怒哀乐的情感类形容词happy，excited, sorry, glad, kind，frightened，shocked，glad， surprised，astonished，delighted，disappointed等 连用，说明产生这种心理活动或情绪的原因。 They were surprised to find that he'd already left. 他们惊奇地发现他已经走了。 I am delighted to hear that you are keen on Chinese tradition culture. 我很高兴听到你喜欢中国传统文化。 She was very happy to hear that her son had been promoted. 得知儿子升职了，她很高兴。 现在分词作补语说明宾语的性质、特征或正在做的动作。一般在感官动词 feel, hear,listen to,see,look at,watch,notice,observe和使役动词make, let, have, keep, set，get, catch, leave后用现在分词表示正在进行的主动意义，变成被动语态时，宾语补足语变为主语补足语。使役动词/感官动词+宾语+现在分词作宾补（意义主动或正在进行） I have two men working for me in the company. 我让两个人在公司为我工作。 I heard an English song being sung by a little girl at the English evening. 我在英语晚会上听见有个小女孩唱英文歌。 If you see soldiers wearing sky-blue helmets, they are United Nations peace keepers. 如果你看到戴着天蓝色头盔的士兵，他们就是联合国维和人员。 现在分词作补语 现在分词作表语具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征，意为“令人……的”。作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。 The film is exciting. 这部电影激动人心。 The argument is very convincing. 这个观点很令人信服。 His performance is very entertaining, which brings us much pleasure. 他的表演非常有趣，给我们带来很多乐趣。 现在分词作表语 及物动词的现在分词作定语 v.-ing：被修饰的名词与现在分词为逻辑上的主动关系，v.-ing形式表示被修饰词的特征 I have never seen a more moving movie. 我从未看过更动人的电影了。 being done：被修饰的名词与现在分词为被动关系且表示动作正在进行 The houses being built are for the teachers. 正在建的那些房子是为老师建的。 现在分词作定语 不及物动词现在分词形式作定语表示动作正在进行 boiling water 正沸腾的水； falling leaves 正在下落的叶子； developing countries 发展中国家； Leaving the airport, they waved again and again. 离开机场时，他们频频向我们挥手。 Having watered the flowers, he began to cut the grass. 他把花浇好后， 开始割草。 He jumped with joy, hearing the good news. 听到这个好消息，他快乐地跳起来。 现在分词作状语用来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随等情况。现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。 现在分词作状语 过去分词可用于使役动词keep, leave, get, have, make，order;感官动词 feel, hear, listen to,let,make,have ,see, watch,notice, look , observe; 情感心理find，think，want, wish, like动词后作宾补。 及物动词的过去分词作补足语，与宾语构成被动关系。有少数不及物动词的过去分词作补足语，表示完成或状态。变为被动语态时，宾语补足语变为主语补足语 A liar cannot make himself believed. 习惯于说谎的人无法让别人相信自己。 I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much. 发现我的家乡变化很大后我感到十分惊讶。 Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car washed. 开车进入市区之前，你必修把车洗一洗。 过去分词作补语 过去分词可放在连系动词be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become等之后作表语，大多数是已经形容词化的，而且大多数是与心理状态有联系的词，表示主语所处的状态或感受。过去分词多用来修饰人、人的声音或表情，表心理状态，意为“（人）感到……的” He was excited at the news. 听到这则消息，他激动不已。 Her voice sounded excited. 她的声音听起来很兴奋。 Finally the baby felt tired of playing with those toys. 最后婴儿厌倦了玩那些玩具。 过去分词作表语 及物动词过去分词作定语与被修饰的名词与非谓语动词为被动关系，表示动作已经完成或表状态 Look at the broken glasses. 看看这些碎了的玻璃杯。 "Things lost never come again!" I couldn't help talking to myself. 我不禁自言自语道：“失去的东西不会再来！” 过去分词作定语 不及物动词分词过去分词一般作前置定语，不表示被动，只表示完成 boiled water 白开水 fallen leaves 落叶 developed countries 发达国家 过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语时，与句子主语之间是被动关系或逻辑上的动宾关系。 Seen from the moon, the earth looks green. Satisfied with what he did, the teacher praised him in class. Compared with you, I still have a long way to go. Explained a hundred times, he still can’t understand it. The cup fell down to the ground, broken into pieces. 时间状语 原因状语 条件状语 让步状语 结果状语 针对训练 1)Greenhouse gases come from burning coals and oils ________(use) by industries, cars and trucks. 2)On my way home, I noticed a group of people ____________(surround) two anxious foreigners. 3)According to a recent survey, children spend more than 25 hours a week ________(watch) TV. used surrounding watching 4)He had it ________(repair), because he doesn’t know much about computers. 5)_____________(wait) in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left his wallet at home. 6)He hurried to the booking office, only ________(tell) that all the tickets had been sold out. repaired Having waited to be told $$