第08讲 必修三 Unit2 课文学习&知识点讲练-【寒假自学课】2025年高一英语寒假提升精品讲义（人教版2019）

第08讲 新课学习必修第二册Unit 2（课文学习&知识讲解） 模块一 思维导图串知识 模块二 基础知识全梳理 模块三 教材习题学解题 模块四 核心考点精准练 模块五 小试牛刀过关测 Vocabulary Master words like "carry", "majority", "complain", etc. for fluent expression. Sentence Patterns Grasp "nothing is + comp. than", independent nominative, and "neither...nor...". Grammar Understand present participle's use as adverbial and object complement precisely. Cultural Awareness Absorb moral values and virtues within text, enhance cultural sensitivity. 高频词汇 1. carry 用法：carry sb. through sth.帮助某人渡过难关；使某人熬过（困难时期）。 例如：His unwavering belief carried him through the darkest days of his life.（他坚定的信念使他熬过了生命中最黑暗的日子。） 拓展： carry on (with/doing sth.)：继续（做某事）。 例如：Despite the difficulties, they carried on with their research.（尽管困难重重，他们仍继续他们的研究。） carry out：执行；实施；落实。 例如：The team carried out the plan meticulously.（团队一丝不苟地执行了这个计划。） 2. majority 用法：n.大部分；大多数。当 “the majority of + 名词” 作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于 of 后面的名词。若名词为复数，则谓语动词用复数；若名词为不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数。 例如：The majority of the students are enthusiastic about the school trip.（大多数学生对学校旅行充满热情。） 例如：The majority of the water in the lake is polluted.（湖中的大部分水被污染了。） 拓展： major：作为形容词时，意为主要的；重要的；大的。 例如：This is a major breakthrough in medical research.（这是医学研究中的一个重大突破。）作为动词时，意为主修；专攻。 例如：She majors in international relations.（她主修国际关系。） minority：意为少数（人）；少数民族。 例如：Only a minority of the population holds this view.（只有少数人持有这种观点。） 3. complain 用法：vi. & vt.抱怨；发牢骚；投诉。 complain (to sb.) of/about sth.： 例如：He complained to the manager of the poor service in the hotel.（他向经理抱怨酒店服务差。） complain (to sb.) that...： 例如：She complained to her parents that her workload was too heavy.（她向父母抱怨她的工作量太大。） 拓展：“complaint” 是名词，意为投诉；抱怨；诉苦。 例如：The customer's complaint was dealt with promptly.（顾客的投诉得到了迅速处理。）常用短语 “make a complaint about...”（对…… 提出投诉）。 例如：They made a complaint about the noise from the construction site.（他们对建筑工地的噪音提出投诉。） 4. respond 用法：vt.回答；回复；做出反应；回应。 respond to...： 例如：The company failed to respond to the customers' inquiries in a timely manner.（公司未能及时回复客户的询问。） respond to... with sth. / by doing sth.： 例如：The government responded to the crisis with a series of emergency measures.（政府以一系列紧急措施应对危机。） 例如：He responded by writing a long letter of explanation.（他以写一封长信解释作为回应。） 拓展：“response” 是名词，意为回答；答复；反应；响应。 例如：In response to the public's concerns, the new policy was adjusted.（作为对公众关切的回应，新政策进行了调整。）常用短语 “in response to...”（作为对…… 的回应）。 5. elect 用法：vt.选举；推选；选择；决定。 elect sb. (as)...： 例如：The club elected him as its new president.（俱乐部选他为新主席。） elect sb. to...： 例如：She was elected to the city council.（她被选入市议会。） elect to do sth.： 例如：They elected to postpone the meeting.（他们决定推迟会议。） 拓展：“election” 是名词，意为选举；当选。 例如：The general election is scheduled for next month.（大选定于下个月举行。） 6. tend 用法：vt.照顾；照料。 例如：The kind nurse tended the wounded soldiers day and night.（这位善良的护士日夜照料受伤的士兵。） 拓展： tend towards /to...：趋向；趋于。 例如：The economy tends towards a slowdown.（经济趋于放缓。） tend to do sth.：往往会做某事；易于做某事。 例如：He tends to be forgetful.（他往往很健忘。） tendency：是名词，意为趋势；倾向；偏好。 例如：There is a growing tendency for people to work from home.（人们在家工作的趋势日益增长。） 7. scared 用法：adj.害怕的；对…… 感到惊慌或恐惧的。 be scared of (doing) sth.： 例如：The little girl is scared of the dark.（小女孩害怕黑暗。） 例如：He is scared of making mistakes.（他害怕犯错。） be scared to do sth.： 例如：She is scared to speak in public.（她不敢在公众场合讲话。） be scared to death：吓得要死。 例如：When the earthquake hit, they were scared to death.（地震发生时，他们吓得要死。） 拓展： scare：作为动词，意为惊吓；使害怕。 例如：The horror movie scared the audience.（这部恐怖电影吓坏了观众。）常用短语 “scare sb. away/off”（把某人吓跑）。 例如：The loud noise scared the birds away.（大噪音把鸟吓跑了。） scary：是形容词，意为恐怖的；可怕的。 例如：That was a really scary experience.（那是一次非常可怕的经历。） 8. replace 用法：vt.接替；取代；更换。 例如：New technology has replaced traditional methods in many industries.（在许多行业中，新技术已经取代了传统方法。） 拓展：“replacement” 是名词，意为替换；替代品；接替者。 例如：We need to find a replacement for the broken machine.（我们需要找到损坏机器的替代品。）其他 “代替……” 的表达有：“take the place of...”。 例如：Renewable energy is gradually taking the place of fossil fuels.（可再生能源正在逐渐取代化石燃料。）“instead of...”。 例如：I'll have a salad instead of fries.（我要一份沙拉而不是薯条。） 9. operation 用法：n.手术；企业；经营。 have an operation on...： 例如：He had an operation on his heart last year.（他去年做了心脏手术。） in operation：运转中；生效；实施中。 例如：The new factory is now in operation.（新工厂现在已投入运营。） come into operation：开始运转；生效。 例如：The new law will come into operation next week.（新法律下周开始生效。） put... into operation：使…… 运转；实施……。 例如：The company put the new production line into operation.（公司使新生产线投入运转。） 拓展： operate：作为动词，意为操作；运转；工作；经营；动手术。 例如：Can you operate this complex equipment?（你能操作这台复杂的设备吗？） 例如：The company operates globally.（这家公司在全球运营。） 例如：The surgeon will operate on the patient tomorrow.（外科医生明天给病人动手术。） operator：是名词，意为电话接线员；操作人员。 例如：The operator connected me to the right department.（接线员把我接到了正确的部门。） 10. whisper 用法：vi. & vt.悄声说；耳语；低语；传言；谣传。 whisper sth. to sb.： 例如：She whispered a secret to her best friend.（她悄悄地把一个秘密告诉了她最好的朋友。） whisper about sth.： 例如：The students were whispering about the upcoming exam.（学生们在悄悄谈论即将到来的考试。） It is whispered that...： 例如：It is whispered that the famous actor is getting married.（据传这位著名演员要结婚了。） in a whisper = in whispers：低声地；悄声地。 例如：They were talking in whispers so as not to wake the baby.（他们低声交谈以免吵醒婴儿。） 11. assist 用法：vt.帮助；援助。 assist (sb.) with/ in sth.： 例如：The volunteers assisted the old people with their daily chores.（志愿者帮助老人做日常琐事。） 例如：He assisted in the organization of the event.（他协助组织了这次活动。） assist sb. in doing / to do sth.： 例如：The tutor assisted the student in improving his writing skills.（导师帮助学生提高写作技能。） 例如：The coach assisted the athlete to break the record.（教练帮助运动员打破纪录。） 拓展： assistance：是名词，意为帮助。 例如：With the assistance of modern technology, we can solve many problems more easily.（借助现代技术，我们可以更轻松地解决许多问题。）常用短语 “come to one's assistance”（帮助某人）。 例如：When I lost my way, a kind stranger came to my assistance.（当我迷路时，一个好心的陌生人来帮助我。） assistant：作为名词，意为助理；助手。 例如：My assistant will handle the details.（我的助手会处理细节。）作为形容词，意为助理的；副的。 例如：He is an assistant professor.（他是一名助理教授。） 12. memory 用法：n.记忆力；回忆。 in memory of...：为了纪念……。 例如：The monument was built in memory of the heroes who sacrificed themselves.（这座纪念碑是为了纪念牺牲的英雄们而建的。） have a good/bad memory for...： 例如：He has a good memory for historical events.（他对历史事件记忆力很好。） in/within one's memory： 例如：This is the most severe storm in my memory.（这是我记忆中最严重的风暴。） from memory： 例如：The old man recited the poem from memory.（老人凭记忆背诵了这首诗。） 拓展：“memorize” 是动词，意为记住；记忆。 例如：You should memorize these key points for the exam.（你应该记住这些考试要点。） 13. tear 用法：n.眼泪；泪水。 in tears：流着泪；含着泪；哭着。 例如：The mother was in tears when she heard the news about her son.（母亲听到儿子的消息时哭了。） burst into tears：突然大哭起来。 例如：The child burst into tears when he couldn't find his toy.（孩子找不到玩具时突然大哭起来。） be moved to tears：感动得流泪。 例如：The audience was moved to tears by the touching performance.（观众被感人的表演感动得流泪。） 拓展：“tear” 作为动词，意为撕裂；撕碎。 例如：He tore the envelope open impatiently.（他不耐烦地撕开了信封。）常用短语 “tear down”（拆除；拆掉）。 例如：The old building was torn down to make way for a new one.（旧建筑被拆除以便建造新的。）“tear up”（撕毁；撕碎）。 例如：She tore up the letter in anger.（她生气地撕毁了信。） 14. harm 用法：n. & vt.伤害；损害。 do harm to...： 例如：Excessive drinking does great harm to one's liver.（过度饮酒对肝脏有很大损害。） cause... harm： 例如：The accident caused serious harm to his physical and mental health.（这次事故对他的身心健康造成了严重伤害。） mean no harm：没有恶意。 例如：I mean no harm. I just want to give you some advice.（我没有恶意。我只是想给你一些建议。） there is no harm in doing sth.：做某事没有坏处。 例如：There is no harm in trying new things.（尝试新事物没有坏处。） 拓展： harmful：是形容词，意为有害的。 例如：Pollution is harmful to the environment and human health.（污染对环境和人类健康有害。） harmless：是形容词，意为无害的；无恶意的。 例如：It's just a harmless joke. Don't take it too seriously.（这只是一个无害的玩笑。别太当真。） 重点句型 1. nothing is + 形容词比较级 + than.... 用法：该结构表示 “没有什么比…… 更……”，用比较级的形式来表达最高级的含义。than 后面可以接名词、代词或不定式。 例如：Nothing is more precious than time.（没有什么比时间更珍贵。） 拓展：其他用比较级表示最高级的结构还有： “比较级 + than any other + 可数名词单数”。 例如：This building is taller than any other building in the city.（这座建筑比城市里任何其他建筑都高。） “比较级 + than the other + 可数名词复数”。 例如：This book is more interesting than the other books on the shelf.（这本书比书架上其他的书都有趣。） 2. 独立主格结构 用法：当现在分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，就需要把其逻辑主语放在前面，构成独立主格结构。独立主格结构的逻辑主语常由名词或主格代词充当，其作用相当于一个状语从句，可用来表示原因、时间、条件、方式、伴随或补充说明等情况。 例如：The rain having stopped, we continued our journey.（雨停了之后，我们继续旅程。）这里 “The rain” 是 “having stopped” 的逻辑主语，该结构表示时间，相当于 “After the rain stopped”。 拓展：独立主格结构还有其他形式，如： 名词 / 主格代词 + 过去分词。 例如：The task finished, we felt a sense of accomplishment.（任务完成后，我们有一种成就感。）“The task” 是 “finished” 的逻辑主语，表示时间上的先后顺序，相当于 “After the task was finished”。 名词 / 主格代词 + 不定式。 例如：Some students to help, the teacher finished the project quickly.（有一些学生帮忙，老师很快完成了项目。）“Some students to help” 表示补充说明。 3. neither...nor... 用法：“neither...nor...” 意为 “既不…… 也不……”，常用来连接两个并列的成分，如两个名词、代词、形容词、动词等。当连接两个主语时，谓语动词要遵循 “就近原则”，即与靠近谓语动词的那个主语在人称和数上保持一致。 例如：Neither the teacher nor the students are satisfied with the result.（老师和学生都对结果不满意。）这里靠近谓语动词 “are” 的主语是 “the students”，所以谓语用 “are”。如果连接的是两个并列分句，且位于句首时，要用部分倒装结构，即把助动词、情态动词或 be 动词提到主语前面。 例如：Neither does he like reading, nor does he like writing.（他既不喜欢阅读，也不喜欢写作。） 拓展：表达 “也不……” 的倒装句还可以用 “neither/nor + 助动词 / 情态动词 /be 动词 + 主语”。 例如：I can't play the piano. Neither can my sister.（我不会弹钢琴。我妹妹也不会。） 语法精讲 1. 现在分词 (短语) 作状语 ( 1 ) 基本用法： 逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，且和主语是主动关系。它能表示多种逻辑关系。 时间关系： 例如：Entering the room, I saw a beautiful bouquet of flowers.（走进房间的时候，我看到了一束漂亮的花。）相当于 When I entered the room, I saw a beautiful bouquet of flowers. 原因关系： 例如：Knowing his honesty, I trusted him completely.（因为知道他很诚实，所以我完全信任他。）这里 “Knowing his honesty” 是原因状语，相当于 Because I knew his honesty. 条件关系： 例如：Working hard, you will achieve your goals.（如果努力工作，你将会实现你的目标。）相当于 If you work hard, you will achieve your goals. 让步关系： 例如：Admitting what he said, I still think he is wrong in some ways.（尽管承认他说的话，但我仍然认为他在某些方面是错的。）相当于 Although I admit what he said, I still think he is wrong in some ways. 伴随关系： 例如：Laughing and talking, the children walked to school.（孩子们笑着、说着走向学校。）“Laughing and talking” 表示伴随的动作，和 “walked” 同时发生。 结果关系： 例如：The storm lasted for days, causing great damage to the crops.（暴风雨持续了好几天，给庄稼造成了巨大的损害。）“causing great damage to the crops” 是 “暴风雨持续好几天” 导致的结果。 ( 2 ) 注意事项： 时态形式： 一般式（doing）：表示和谓语动词同时发生或几乎同时发生。 例如：Hearing the news, she jumped with joy.（听到这个消息，她高兴得跳了起来。）“听到消息” 和 “跳起来” 几乎同时发生。 完成式（having done）：表示在谓语动词之前发生。 例如：Having visited Paris many times, he knew the city very well.（因为去过巴黎很多次，所以他对这个城市非常了解。）“去过巴黎很多次” 这个动作在 “对这个城市非常了解” 之前。 语态形式： 主动式（doing 和 having done）： 例如：Taking a walk in the park, I enjoyed the fresh air.（我在公园散步，享受着新鲜空气。）“Taking a walk” 是主动动作，逻辑主语是 I。 被动式（being done 和 having been done）： 例如：Being praised by the teacher, he felt a little shy.（被老师表扬的时候，他感觉有点害羞。）“Being praised” 是被动动作，逻辑主语是 he。 例如：Having been invited to the party, she prepared a nice gift.（已经被邀请参加聚会后，她准备了一份精美的礼物。）“Having been invited” 是完成时的被动，强调 “被邀请” 这个动作先完成。 独立主格结构：当现在分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时，在现在分词短语前加上逻辑主语构成独立主格结构。 例如：The meeting being over, all the participants left the room.（会议结束后，所有与会者都离开了房间。）“The meeting” 是 “being over” 的逻辑主语，和句子主语 “all the participants” 不同。 2. 现在分词 (短语) 作宾语补足语 用法： 用于感官动词（如 see、hear、feel、watch、notice 等）和使役动词（如 have、get、leave、keep 等）后，表示宾语正在进行的动作或状态。 感官动词后： 例如：I saw a boy running on the playground.（我看见一个男孩正在操场上跑步。）“running” 作 “a boy” 的宾语补足语，说明 “男孩” 正在进行 “跑步” 这个动作。 例如：She heard someone singing in the next room.（她听到有人在隔壁房间唱歌。）“singing” 补充说明 “有人” 正在 “唱歌”。 使役动词后： 例如：The boss had the workers working overtime.（老板让工人们加班。）“working” 表示 “工人们” 正在进行 “加班” 这个动作。 例如：He left the water running.（他让水一直流着。）“running” 说明 “水” 的状态是 “一直流着”。 拓展： 在 “with 的复合结构” 中作宾语补足语，和宾语是主动关系。 例如：With the wind blowing strongly, we had to stay indoors.（因为风刮得很大，我们不得不待在室内。）“blowing” 作 “the wind” 的宾语补足语，“the wind” 和 “blowing” 是主动关系。 提升练习(2019人教版英语必修三第18页) Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in the box. ( feel want face smile return worry hear knock ) 1. ___________that his wife had been injured in an accident, Mr. Johnson hurried to the hospital. 2. During the operation, she sat in the waiting room for over an hour ___________about him. 3. I saw her whispering something into his ear, obviously not ___________to be heard. 4. He suddenly woke up at midnight when he heard someone ___________at his door. 5. ___________higher import and export costs, the company is looking for ways to survive. 6. ___________from the North Pole, the traveler wrote a book about his experience and had it published the following year. 7. The child lay on her mother’s lap, ___________sweetly. 8. ___________hurt by the rejection, she bit her lip and quietly walked away. 核心考点 1：carry 1.（选择题）The love from his family carried him ______ the hard time. A. off B. through C. out D. on 2.（翻译题）他的友谊帮我熬过了孤独的日子。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 3.（填空题）We should carry ______ our plan. 核心考点 2：majority 1.（选择题）The ______ of people like music. A. major B. majority C. most D. mainly 2.（翻译题）大多数孩子都喜欢玩游戏。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 3.（填空题）A ______ (major) of the students are here. 核心考点 3：complain 1.（选择题）She complained ______ her teacher about too much homework. A. to B. for C. with D. at 2.（翻译题）他向父母抱怨学校的饭菜不好吃。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 3.（填空题）He complained ______ a headache. 核心考点 4：respond 1.（选择题）The boy responded ______ my question quickly. A. to B. for C. with D. at 2.（翻译题）她用微笑回应了他的帮助。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 3.（填空题）There was no response ______ his letter. 核心考点 5：elect 1.（选择题）We elected him ______ our leader. A. as B. for C. to D. with 2.（翻译题）他们选举了一位新班长。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 3.（填空题）He was elected ______ the team. 核心考点 6：tend 1.（选择题）The doctor tended ______ the sick people. A. for B. to C. with D. at 2.（翻译题）护士们精心照料病人。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 3.（填空题）Prices tend ______ go up. 核心考点 7：scared 1.（选择题）The girl is scared ______ dogs. A. of B. to C. with D. at 2.（翻译题）他害怕晚上一个人走路。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 3.（填空题）The loud noise scared the baby ______ (cry). 核心考点 8：“nothing is + 形容词比较级 + than....” 1.（选择题）Nothing is ______ (interesting) than reading a good book. 2.（翻译题）没有什么比健康更重要。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 3.（填空题）Nothing is ______ (exciting) than traveling to new places. 核心考点 9：独立主格结构 1.（填空题）The homework ______ (finish), we went out to play. 2.（翻译题）天气晴朗，我们决定去野餐。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 3.（填空题）The meeting ______ (begin), everyone got down to business. 核心考点 10：“neither...nor...” 1.（填空题）Neither his friends nor Tom ______ (like) spicy food. 2.（翻译题）他既不喜欢跑步也不喜欢游泳。 __________________________________________________________________________________ 3.（填空题）Neither the students nor the teacher ______ (be) satisfied with the result. 核心考点 11：现在分词 (短语) 作状语 1.（填空题）______ (walk) along the street, I met an old friend. 2.（翻译题）因为知道他很忙，我没有打扰他。 __________________________________________________________________________________ 3.（填空题）______ (study) hard for the exam, he got good grades. 核心考点 12：现在分词 (短语) 作宾语补足语 1.（填空题）I saw a boy ______ (play) football in the park. 2.（翻译题）我听到她在隔壁房间唱歌。 __________________________________________________________________________________ 3.（填空题）The boss kept the workers ______ (work) overtime. 一、单句语法填空题 1. After he ____ (finish) his homework, he went to play football. 2. ____ (see) from the top of the mountain, the city looks beautiful. 3. The man stood there, ____ (look) at the picture on the wall. 4. We heard her ____ (sing) in the next room. 5. The meeting ____ (hold) tomorrow is very important. 6. I have a lot of work ____ (do) today. 7. With the work ____ (do), he went home. 8. The girl is busy ____ (prepare) for the exam. 9. ____ (not receive) a reply, he decided to write again. 10. The teacher had the students ____ (clean) the classroom. 11. The house ____ (build) last year is very big. 12. ____ (compare) with you, I still have a long way to go. 13. Nothing is ____ (valuable) than health. 14. Neither he nor I ____ (be) good at math. 15. Her words made me ____ (feel) better. 二、阅读理解 阅读下面短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳选项 You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years? Jane Addams (1860-1935) Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. Rachel Carson (1907-1964) If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans. Sandra Day O’Connor (1930-present) When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator (参议员) and, in 1981, the first woman to join the US Supreme Court. O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court. Rosa Parks (1913-2005) On 1 December 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus toa white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks. 1．What is Jane Addams noted for in history? A．Her social work. B．Her teaching skills. C．Her efforts to win a prize. D．Her community background. 2．What was the reason for O’Connor’s being rejected by the law firm? A．Her lack of proper training in law. B．Her little work experience in court. C．The discrimination (歧视) against women. D．The poor financial conditions. 3．Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the US? A．Jane Addams. B．Rachel Carson. C．Sandra Day O’Connor. D．Rosa Parks. A Chinese female pilot has set a record in the country’s airline industry after flying a small plane for 40 minutes in Beijing. Miao Xiaohong, one of China’s second batch (一批) of female pilots, controlled the Tecnam P2010 plane to take off, turn, climb, dive and land safely at the Shifosi Airport in Pinggu District of Beijing. In 1956, Miao Xiaohong, who graduated from a high school in Jinan, won a position in the second batch. She graduated from the flight school in 1958. In the following years, she flew many important missions. In 1963, she accepted a mission to airdrop materials for the flood-stricken areas in Hehei Province. Poor visibility (能见度) prevented her locating the target areas as the clouds were about 100 meters above the ground, but she managed to finish the task. In 1989, she retired and started her writing career. When she collected materials for her books, she found that many aged pilots in other countries still flew, so she had the idea of returning to the sky. To prepare for the flight, she walked 3,000 steps every day and moved her arms to meet the requirements for high-altitude flight during the past two months. Different from past flights for missions, this time her goal was to enjoy the flight. She said that it was exciting and fresh. “ Seeing the boundless blue sky unfold in front of me, I feel it is very open,” she said. The trainer said that Miao Xiaohong could finish 30 hours of flight to get a license for the commercial flight. She said, “ My physical condition is good enough to finish the 30-hour flight but it is not so important for me to get such a license. After achieving my dream of returning to the sky, I hope to encourage young women to join the airline industry. I’m 82 years old and I can fly again. You, the young people, can fly and will fly better than me.” 4．What can we learn about Miao Xiaohong from her airdrop mission? A．She was a very lucky pilot. B．She seldom finished hard tasks. C．She had excellent flying skills. D．She suffered from poor eyesight. 5．What made Miao Xiaohong have the idea of flying a plane at the age of 82? A．Her deep love for shy. B．The requirements of her books. C．Her wish to set a flying record. D．The influence of foreign aged pilots. 6．Which of the following can best describe Miao Xiaohong? A．Strict. B．Determined. C．Stubborn. D．Generous. 7．What could be the best title for the passage? A．Returning to the Blue Sky. B．Improving Your Flight Skills. C．Managing to Finish Difficult Tasks. D．Improving Yourself to Set a Record. 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白位置的最佳选项 Hou Yifan, born on February 27, 1994 in Jiangsu, China, is a world-famous Chinese chess player. She was the Women’s World Chess champion, the youngest ever to win the title. Hou started playing chess when she was 5 years old in 1999. 8 “It was so interesting that I was attracted by the chess and decided to take up the hobby,” said Hou. “ 9 Even when there are only five or six pieces left on the board, you cannot predict all the results.” said Hou. “So instead of focusing too much on theories, we should depend on practice and skills more.” Learning methods from the past matches and practicing chess became her daily activities. 10 she became the youngest chess champion in the world at the age of 16. Although she became a famous chess star known all over the world, Hou wasn’t proud of it. “I’m happy to win these titles, but I know this is a coin with two sides,” Hou added. “As I gain public attention, my faults will become larger. So I should keep improving.” 11 In 2012, she studied International Relations at Peking University and then she went to the University of Oxford in 2018. In 2020, she became a` teacher at Shenzhen University. 12 A．Chess is a brain game full of uncertainties. B．It needed a lot of hard work, but it was worth it. C．One of the beautiful aspects of chess is its universality. D．She wanted to teach what she had learned to more young Chinese people. E．At that time, her parents took Hou to try different brain games at a training center. F．In 2013, Hou Yifan won the Women’s World Chess Championship for the third time. G．Having focused on international chess for a long time, Hou then decided to study in college. 三、完形填空 As the other four players enjoy the crucial victory in an Arena of Valor (《传说对决》) competition, they remained unaware that their teammate Lu Dong is a Paralympic (残奥会) 13 champion who plays with her feet. Lu 14 an interest in Arena of Valor in 2017. 15 , her appearances in Internet cafes drew a lot of curious glances, which made her 16 . However, it also led to generous compliments when others 17 her remarkable skills. Besides video games, Lu has 18 an hour daily to piano practice for the past three years and has also showcased her skills in both cooking and beauty makeup. Losing her 19 in a childhood accident, Lu stopped participating in P.E. classes to avoid 20 in her elementary school days, which made her physically and mentally 21 . Luckily, she was recommended to join the provincial swimming team in 2004. She won two golds and two silvers in the youth group of the National Championship in 2005, earning a 22 in the national squad (代表队). Lu’s exceptional performances in the pool caught the eye of Beijing Sports University in 2020, 23 the beginning of her college journey. Changing from a(n) 24 girl to a national champion, Lu gained immense (巨大的) confidence. She no longer 25 to wear T-shirts in summer or to tuck (塞进) her sleeves into her pockets in winter. “It was swimming that 26 the girl who always talked a lot and was brave enough to 27 the fixed image of the disabled.” Lu said. 13．A．swimming B．running C．dancing D．singing 14．A．developed B．created C．made D．built 15．A．Eventually B．Formally C．Initially D．Luckily 16．A．confident B．comfortable C．uneasy D．annoyed 17．A．approved B．witnessed C．learned D．practiced 18．A．dedicated B．lasted C．waited D．offered 19．A．hands B．arms C．legs D．feet 20．A．wounds B．damage C．injuries D．loss 21．A．vulnerable B．capable C．strong D．tired 22．A．degree B．living C．position D．point 23．A．changing B．marking C．following D．proving 24．A．uncommunicative B．unambitious C．selfish D．impatient 25．A．managed B．attempted C．expected D．hesitated 26．A．found out B．brought back C．waken up D．taken away 27．A．understand B．accept C．challenge D．shape 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Lin Qiaozhi, who delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime, 28 (know) as the “mother of ten thousand babies”, though she never got married. 29 (affect) by her mother’s death, Lin Qiaozhi decided to study medicine at 30 age of 18 instead of following the 31 (tradition) path of marriage like many other girls. After graduating from Peking Union Medical College, she was hired as a resident physician. Having worked for a few years, she was sent to Europe and the US, 32 she rejected her American colleagues’ offer to stay, and returned home. Though appointed 33 (hold) many important 34 (position), she was more interested in tending patients. She held the belief that doctors should be responsible 35 the patients. Dr Lin never retired. Even as she lay 36 (die), she was still thinking of others. This is Lin Qiaozhi, who devoted all her life to 37 (help) the women in need of her help. ( 14 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第08讲 新课学习必修第二册Unit 2（课文学习&知识讲解） 模块一 思维导图串知识 模块二 基础知识全梳理 模块三 教材习题学解题 模块四 核心考点精准练 模块五 小试牛刀过关测 Vocabulary Master words like "carry", "majority", "complain", etc. for fluent expression. Sentence Patterns Grasp "nothing is + comp. than", independent nominative, and "neither...nor...". Grammar Understand present participle's use as adverbial and object complement precisely. Cultural Awareness Absorb moral values and virtues within text, enhance cultural sensitivity. 高频词汇 1. carry 用法：carry sb. through sth.帮助某人渡过难关；使某人熬过（困难时期）。 例如：His unwavering belief carried him through the darkest days of his life.（他坚定的信念使他熬过了生命中最黑暗的日子。） 拓展： carry on (with/doing sth.)：继续（做某事）。 例如：Despite the difficulties, they carried on with their research.（尽管困难重重，他们仍继续他们的研究。） carry out：执行；实施；落实。 例如：The team carried out the plan meticulously.（团队一丝不苟地执行了这个计划。） 2. majority 用法：n.大部分；大多数。当 “the majority of + 名词” 作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于 of 后面的名词。若名词为复数，则谓语动词用复数；若名词为不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数。 例如：The majority of the students are enthusiastic about the school trip.（大多数学生对学校旅行充满热情。） 例如：The majority of the water in the lake is polluted.（湖中的大部分水被污染了。） 拓展： major：作为形容词时，意为主要的；重要的；大的。 例如：This is a major breakthrough in medical research.（这是医学研究中的一个重大突破。）作为动词时，意为主修；专攻。 例如：She majors in international relations.（她主修国际关系。） minority：意为少数（人）；少数民族。 例如：Only a minority of the population holds this view.（只有少数人持有这种观点。） 3. complain 用法：vi. & vt.抱怨；发牢骚；投诉。 complain (to sb.) of/about sth.： 例如：He complained to the manager of the poor service in the hotel.（他向经理抱怨酒店服务差。） complain (to sb.) that...： 例如：She complained to her parents that her workload was too heavy.（她向父母抱怨她的工作量太大。） 拓展：“complaint” 是名词，意为投诉；抱怨；诉苦。 例如：The customer's complaint was dealt with promptly.（顾客的投诉得到了迅速处理。）常用短语 “make a complaint about...”（对…… 提出投诉）。 例如：They made a complaint about the noise from the construction site.（他们对建筑工地的噪音提出投诉。） 4. respond 用法：vt.回答；回复；做出反应；回应。 respond to...： 例如：The company failed to respond to the customers' inquiries in a timely manner.（公司未能及时回复客户的询问。） respond to... with sth. / by doing sth.： 例如：The government responded to the crisis with a series of emergency measures.（政府以一系列紧急措施应对危机。） 例如：He responded by writing a long letter of explanation.（他以写一封长信解释作为回应。） 拓展：“response” 是名词，意为回答；答复；反应；响应。 例如：In response to the public's concerns, the new policy was adjusted.（作为对公众关切的回应，新政策进行了调整。）常用短语 “in response to...”（作为对…… 的回应）。 5. elect 用法：vt.选举；推选；选择；决定。 elect sb. (as)...： 例如：The club elected him as its new president.（俱乐部选他为新主席。） elect sb. to...： 例如：She was elected to the city council.（她被选入市议会。） elect to do sth.： 例如：They elected to postpone the meeting.（他们决定推迟会议。） 拓展：“election” 是名词，意为选举；当选。 例如：The general election is scheduled for next month.（大选定于下个月举行。） 6. tend 用法：vt.照顾；照料。 例如：The kind nurse tended the wounded soldiers day and night.（这位善良的护士日夜照料受伤的士兵。） 拓展： tend towards /to...：趋向；趋于。 例如：The economy tends towards a slowdown.（经济趋于放缓。） tend to do sth.：往往会做某事；易于做某事。 例如：He tends to be forgetful.（他往往很健忘。） tendency：是名词，意为趋势；倾向；偏好。 例如：There is a growing tendency for people to work from home.（人们在家工作的趋势日益增长。） 7. scared 用法：adj.害怕的；对…… 感到惊慌或恐惧的。 be scared of (doing) sth.： 例如：The little girl is scared of the dark.（小女孩害怕黑暗。） 例如：He is scared of making mistakes.（他害怕犯错。） be scared to do sth.： 例如：She is scared to speak in public.（她不敢在公众场合讲话。） be scared to death：吓得要死。 例如：When the earthquake hit, they were scared to death.（地震发生时，他们吓得要死。） 拓展： scare：作为动词，意为惊吓；使害怕。 例如：The horror movie scared the audience.（这部恐怖电影吓坏了观众。）常用短语 “scare sb. away/off”（把某人吓跑）。 例如：The loud noise scared the birds away.（大噪音把鸟吓跑了。） scary：是形容词，意为恐怖的；可怕的。 例如：That was a really scary experience.（那是一次非常可怕的经历。） 8. replace 用法：vt.接替；取代；更换。 例如：New technology has replaced traditional methods in many industries.（在许多行业中，新技术已经取代了传统方法。） 拓展：“replacement” 是名词，意为替换；替代品；接替者。 例如：We need to find a replacement for the broken machine.（我们需要找到损坏机器的替代品。）其他 “代替……” 的表达有：“take the place of...”。 例如：Renewable energy is gradually taking the place of fossil fuels.（可再生能源正在逐渐取代化石燃料。）“instead of...”。 例如：I'll have a salad instead of fries.（我要一份沙拉而不是薯条。） 9. operation 用法：n.手术；企业；经营。 have an operation on...： 例如：He had an operation on his heart last year.（他去年做了心脏手术。） in operation：运转中；生效；实施中。 例如：The new factory is now in operation.（新工厂现在已投入运营。） come into operation：开始运转；生效。 例如：The new law will come into operation next week.（新法律下周开始生效。） put... into operation：使…… 运转；实施……。 例如：The company put the new production line into operation.（公司使新生产线投入运转。） 拓展： operate：作为动词，意为操作；运转；工作；经营；动手术。 例如：Can you operate this complex equipment?（你能操作这台复杂的设备吗？） 例如：The company operates globally.（这家公司在全球运营。） 例如：The surgeon will operate on the patient tomorrow.（外科医生明天给病人动手术。） operator：是名词，意为电话接线员；操作人员。 例如：The operator connected me to the right department.（接线员把我接到了正确的部门。） 10. whisper 用法：vi. & vt.悄声说；耳语；低语；传言；谣传。 whisper sth. to sb.： 例如：She whispered a secret to her best friend.（她悄悄地把一个秘密告诉了她最好的朋友。） whisper about sth.： 例如：The students were whispering about the upcoming exam.（学生们在悄悄谈论即将到来的考试。） It is whispered that...： 例如：It is whispered that the famous actor is getting married.（据传这位著名演员要结婚了。） in a whisper = in whispers：低声地；悄声地。 例如：They were talking in whispers so as not to wake the baby.（他们低声交谈以免吵醒婴儿。） 11. assist 用法：vt.帮助；援助。 assist (sb.) with/ in sth.： 例如：The volunteers assisted the old people with their daily chores.（志愿者帮助老人做日常琐事。） 例如：He assisted in the organization of the event.（他协助组织了这次活动。） assist sb. in doing / to do sth.： 例如：The tutor assisted the student in improving his writing skills.（导师帮助学生提高写作技能。） 例如：The coach assisted the athlete to break the record.（教练帮助运动员打破纪录。） 拓展： assistance：是名词，意为帮助。 例如：With the assistance of modern technology, we can solve many problems more easily.（借助现代技术，我们可以更轻松地解决许多问题。）常用短语 “come to one's assistance”（帮助某人）。 例如：When I lost my way, a kind stranger came to my assistance.（当我迷路时，一个好心的陌生人来帮助我。） assistant：作为名词，意为助理；助手。 例如：My assistant will handle the details.（我的助手会处理细节。）作为形容词，意为助理的；副的。 例如：He is an assistant professor.（他是一名助理教授。） 12. memory 用法：n.记忆力；回忆。 in memory of...：为了纪念……。 例如：The monument was built in memory of the heroes who sacrificed themselves.（这座纪念碑是为了纪念牺牲的英雄们而建的。） have a good/bad memory for...： 例如：He has a good memory for historical events.（他对历史事件记忆力很好。） in/within one's memory： 例如：This is the most severe storm in my memory.（这是我记忆中最严重的风暴。） from memory： 例如：The old man recited the poem from memory.（老人凭记忆背诵了这首诗。） 拓展：“memorize” 是动词，意为记住；记忆。 例如：You should memorize these key points for the exam.（你应该记住这些考试要点。） 13. tear 用法：n.眼泪；泪水。 in tears：流着泪；含着泪；哭着。 例如：The mother was in tears when she heard the news about her son.（母亲听到儿子的消息时哭了。） burst into tears：突然大哭起来。 例如：The child burst into tears when he couldn't find his toy.（孩子找不到玩具时突然大哭起来。） be moved to tears：感动得流泪。 例如：The audience was moved to tears by the touching performance.（观众被感人的表演感动得流泪。） 拓展：“tear” 作为动词，意为撕裂；撕碎。 例如：He tore the envelope open impatiently.（他不耐烦地撕开了信封。）常用短语 “tear down”（拆除；拆掉）。 例如：The old building was torn down to make way for a new one.（旧建筑被拆除以便建造新的。）“tear up”（撕毁；撕碎）。 例如：She tore up the letter in anger.（她生气地撕毁了信。） 14. harm 用法：n. & vt.伤害；损害。 do harm to...： 例如：Excessive drinking does great harm to one's liver.（过度饮酒对肝脏有很大损害。） cause... harm： 例如：The accident caused serious harm to his physical and mental health.（这次事故对他的身心健康造成了严重伤害。） mean no harm：没有恶意。 例如：I mean no harm. I just want to give you some advice.（我没有恶意。我只是想给你一些建议。） there is no harm in doing sth.：做某事没有坏处。 例如：There is no harm in trying new things.（尝试新事物没有坏处。） 拓展： harmful：是形容词，意为有害的。 例如：Pollution is harmful to the environment and human health.（污染对环境和人类健康有害。） harmless：是形容词，意为无害的；无恶意的。 例如：It's just a harmless joke. Don't take it too seriously.（这只是一个无害的玩笑。别太当真。） 重点句型 1. nothing is + 形容词比较级 + than.... 用法：该结构表示 “没有什么比…… 更……”，用比较级的形式来表达最高级的含义。than 后面可以接名词、代词或不定式。 例如：Nothing is more precious than time.（没有什么比时间更珍贵。） 拓展：其他用比较级表示最高级的结构还有： “比较级 + than any other + 可数名词单数”。 例如：This building is taller than any other building in the city.（这座建筑比城市里任何其他建筑都高。） “比较级 + than the other + 可数名词复数”。 例如：This book is more interesting than the other books on the shelf.（这本书比书架上其他的书都有趣。） 2. 独立主格结构 用法：当现在分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，就需要把其逻辑主语放在前面，构成独立主格结构。独立主格结构的逻辑主语常由名词或主格代词充当，其作用相当于一个状语从句，可用来表示原因、时间、条件、方式、伴随或补充说明等情况。 例如：The rain having stopped, we continued our journey.（雨停了之后，我们继续旅程。）这里 “The rain” 是 “having stopped” 的逻辑主语，该结构表示时间，相当于 “After the rain stopped”。 拓展：独立主格结构还有其他形式，如： 名词 / 主格代词 + 过去分词。 例如：The task finished, we felt a sense of accomplishment.（任务完成后，我们有一种成就感。）“The task” 是 “finished” 的逻辑主语，表示时间上的先后顺序，相当于 “After the task was finished”。 名词 / 主格代词 + 不定式。 例如：Some students to help, the teacher finished the project quickly.（有一些学生帮忙，老师很快完成了项目。）“Some students to help” 表示补充说明。 3. neither...nor... 用法：“neither...nor...” 意为 “既不…… 也不……”，常用来连接两个并列的成分，如两个名词、代词、形容词、动词等。当连接两个主语时，谓语动词要遵循 “就近原则”，即与靠近谓语动词的那个主语在人称和数上保持一致。 例如：Neither the teacher nor the students are satisfied with the result.（老师和学生都对结果不满意。）这里靠近谓语动词 “are” 的主语是 “the students”，所以谓语用 “are”。如果连接的是两个并列分句，且位于句首时，要用部分倒装结构，即把助动词、情态动词或 be 动词提到主语前面。 例如：Neither does he like reading, nor does he like writing.（他既不喜欢阅读，也不喜欢写作。） 拓展：表达 “也不……” 的倒装句还可以用 “neither/nor + 助动词 / 情态动词 /be 动词 + 主语”。 例如：I can't play the piano. Neither can my sister.（我不会弹钢琴。我妹妹也不会。） 语法精讲 1. 现在分词 (短语) 作状语 ( 1 ) 基本用法： 逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，且和主语是主动关系。它能表示多种逻辑关系。 时间关系： 例如：Entering the room, I saw a beautiful bouquet of flowers.（走进房间的时候，我看到了一束漂亮的花。）相当于 When I entered the room, I saw a beautiful bouquet of flowers. 原因关系： 例如：Knowing his honesty, I trusted him completely.（因为知道他很诚实，所以我完全信任他。）这里 “Knowing his honesty” 是原因状语，相当于 Because I knew his honesty. 条件关系： 例如：Working hard, you will achieve your goals.（如果努力工作，你将会实现你的目标。）相当于 If you work hard, you will achieve your goals. 让步关系： 例如：Admitting what he said, I still think he is wrong in some ways.（尽管承认他说的话，但我仍然认为他在某些方面是错的。）相当于 Although I admit what he said, I still think he is wrong in some ways. 伴随关系： 例如：Laughing and talking, the children walked to school.（孩子们笑着、说着走向学校。）“Laughing and talking” 表示伴随的动作，和 “walked” 同时发生。 结果关系： 例如：The storm lasted for days, causing great damage to the crops.（暴风雨持续了好几天，给庄稼造成了巨大的损害。）“causing great damage to the crops” 是 “暴风雨持续好几天” 导致的结果。 ( 2 ) 注意事项： 时态形式： 一般式（doing）：表示和谓语动词同时发生或几乎同时发生。 例如：Hearing the news, she jumped with joy.（听到这个消息，她高兴得跳了起来。）“听到消息” 和 “跳起来” 几乎同时发生。 完成式（having done）：表示在谓语动词之前发生。 例如：Having visited Paris many times, he knew the city very well.（因为去过巴黎很多次，所以他对这个城市非常了解。）“去过巴黎很多次” 这个动作在 “对这个城市非常了解” 之前。 语态形式： 主动式（doing 和 having done）： 例如：Taking a walk in the park, I enjoyed the fresh air.（我在公园散步，享受着新鲜空气。）“Taking a walk” 是主动动作，逻辑主语是 I。 被动式（being done 和 having been done）： 例如：Being praised by the teacher, he felt a little shy.（被老师表扬的时候，他感觉有点害羞。）“Being praised” 是被动动作，逻辑主语是 he。 例如：Having been invited to the party, she prepared a nice gift.（已经被邀请参加聚会后，她准备了一份精美的礼物。）“Having been invited” 是完成时的被动，强调 “被邀请” 这个动作先完成。 独立主格结构：当现在分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时，在现在分词短语前加上逻辑主语构成独立主格结构。 例如：The meeting being over, all the participants left the room.（会议结束后，所有与会者都离开了房间。）“The meeting” 是 “being over” 的逻辑主语，和句子主语 “all the participants” 不同。 2. 现在分词 (短语) 作宾语补足语 用法： 用于感官动词（如 see、hear、feel、watch、notice 等）和使役动词（如 have、get、leave、keep 等）后，表示宾语正在进行的动作或状态。 感官动词后： 例如：I saw a boy running on the playground.（我看见一个男孩正在操场上跑步。）“running” 作 “a boy” 的宾语补足语，说明 “男孩” 正在进行 “跑步” 这个动作。 例如：She heard someone singing in the next room.（她听到有人在隔壁房间唱歌。）“singing” 补充说明 “有人” 正在 “唱歌”。 使役动词后： 例如：The boss had the workers working overtime.（老板让工人们加班。）“working” 表示 “工人们” 正在进行 “加班” 这个动作。 例如：He left the water running.（他让水一直流着。）“running” 说明 “水” 的状态是 “一直流着”。 拓展： 在 “with 的复合结构” 中作宾语补足语，和宾语是主动关系。 例如：With the wind blowing strongly, we had to stay indoors.（因为风刮得很大，我们不得不待在室内。）“blowing” 作 “the wind” 的宾语补足语，“the wind” 和 “blowing” 是主动关系。 提升练习(2019人教版英语必修三第18页) Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in the box. ( feel want face smile return worry hear knock ) 1. ___________that his wife had been injured in an accident, Mr. Johnson hurried to the hospital. 2. During the operation, she sat in the waiting room for over an hour ___________about him. 3. I saw her whispering something into his ear, obviously not ___________to be heard. 4. He suddenly woke up at midnight when he heard someone ___________at his door. 5. ___________higher import and export costs, the company is looking for ways to survive. 6. ___________from the North Pole, the traveler wrote a book about his experience and had it published the following year. 7. The child lay on her mother’s lap, ___________sweetly. 8. ___________hurt by the rejection, she bit her lip and quietly walked away. 1. 答案：Hearing 解析：此处考查现在分词作状语，逻辑主语是 Mr. Johnson，Mr. Johnson 和 hear 之间是主动关系，即 “约翰逊先生听说他妻子在事故中受伤了”，所以用 Hearing，表示时间上 “一听说…… 就……”，引导时间状语。 2. 答案：worrying 解析：此处考查现在分词作伴随状语，she 和 worry 是主动关系，“她坐在等候室一个多小时，一直担心着他”，用 worrying 来描述伴随 sat 这个动作同时发生的状态。 3. 答案：wanting 解析：此处考查现在分词作伴随状语，逻辑主语是 her，her 和 want 是主动关系，“我看到她对他耳语着什么，显然不想被别人听到”，want to do 表示 “想要做某事”，这里用现在分词形式 wanting 体现伴随的情况。 4. 答案：knocking 解析：hear sb. doing sth. 表示 “听到某人正在做某事”，这里指 “听到有人正在敲门”，所以用 knocking，强调动作正在进行。 5. 答案：Facing 解析：考查现在分词作状语，the company 和 face 是主动关系，“面对更高的进出口成本，公司正在寻找生存之道”，Facing 在这里引导原因状语，说明公司采取行动的原因。 6. 答案：Returning 解析：考查现在分词作状语，逻辑主语是 the traveler，the traveler 和 return 是主动关系，“从北极回来后，这位旅行者写了一本关于他经历的书，并在次年出版了”，Returning 引导时间状语，说明写书这个动作发生的时间背景。 7. 答案：smiling 解析：考查现在分词作伴随状语，逻辑主语是 The child，The child 和 smile 是主动关系，“孩子躺在妈妈的腿上，甜甜地笑着”，用 smiling 来描述伴随 lay 这个动作同时发生的状态。 8. 答案：Feeling 解析：考查现在分词作原因状语，逻辑主语是 she，she 和 feel 是主动关系，“因为感觉被拒绝伤害到了，她咬了咬嘴唇，静静地走开了”，Feeling 用于说明后面动作发生的原因。 核心考点 1：carry 1.（选择题）The love from his family carried him ______ the hard time. A. off B. through C. out D. on 答案：B 解析：carry sb. through sth. 意思是 “帮助某人度过艰难时期”，这里说家庭的爱帮助他度过艰难时光，所以选 B。off 是 “离开；带走”；out 是 “执行；出去”；on 是 “继续；在…… 上面”，都不符合。 2.（翻译题）他的友谊帮我熬过了孤独的日子。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 答案：His friendship carried me through the lonely days. 3.（填空题）We should carry ______ our plan. 答案：out 解析：carry out 表示 “执行；实施”，这里说应该执行我们的计划，所以填 out。carry on 是 “继续”，这里不合适。 核心考点 2：majority 1.（选择题）The ______ of people like music. A. major B. majority C. most D. mainly 答案：B 解析：the majority of... 表示 “大多数……”，这里说大多数人喜欢音乐，所以选 B。major 是 “专业；主要的”；most 是 “大多数”，但一般用 “most of...”；mainly 是 “主要地”，是副词，都不对。 2.（翻译题）大多数孩子都喜欢玩游戏。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 答案：The majority of children like playing games. 3.（填空题）A ______ (major) of the students are here. 答案：majority 解析：a majority of 表示 “大多数”，这里说大多数学生在这里，所以填 majority。major 是 “主要的”，不符合。 核心考点 3：complain 1.（选择题）She complained ______ her teacher about too much homework. A. to B. for C. with D. at 答案：A 解析：complain to sb. about sth. 表示 “向某人抱怨某事”，这里是向老师抱怨作业多，所以选 A。for 是 “为了；因为”；with 是 “和…… 一起；用……”；at 是 “在……”，都不正确。 2.（翻译题）他向父母抱怨学校的饭菜不好吃。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 答案：He complained to his parents about the bad food in school. 3.（填空题）He complained ______ a headache. 答案：of 解析：complain of 表示 “诉说（病痛等）”，这里说诉说头疼，所以填 of。complain about 是 “抱怨某事”，这里说病痛用 of 更合适。 核心考点 4：respond 1.（选择题）The boy responded ______ my question quickly. A. to B. for C. with D. at 答案：A 解析：respond to... 表示 “对…… 作出回应”，这里是对问题作出回应，所以选 A。for 是 “为了；因为”；with 是 “和…… 一起；用……”；at 是 “在……”，都不符合。 2.（翻译题）她用微笑回应了他的帮助。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 答案：She responded to his help with a smile. 3.（填空题）There was no response ______ his letter. 答案：to 解析：response to... 表示 “对…… 的回应”，这里说对他的信没有回应，所以填 to。for 是错误的搭配。 核心考点 5：elect 1.（选择题）We elected him ______ our leader. A. as B. for C. to D. with 答案：A 解析：elect sb. as... 表示 “选举某人成为……”，这里是选举他成为我们的领导，所以选 A。elect for 搭配错误；elect sb. to... 一般是 “选某人进入……”；elect with 搭配错误。 2.（翻译题）他们选举了一位新班长。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 答案：They elected a new monitor. 3.（填空题）He was elected ______ the team. 答案：to 解析：elect sb. to... 这里是他被选入团队，所以填 to。for 不符合这个用法。 核心考点 6：tend 1.（选择题）The doctor tended ______ the sick people. A. for B. to C. with D. at 答案：B 解析：tend to sb. 表示 “照顾某人”，这里是医生照顾病人，所以选 B。tend for、tend with、tend at 都是错误搭配。 2.（翻译题）护士们精心照料病人。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 答案：The nurses tended to the patients carefully. 3.（填空题）Prices tend ______ go up. 答案：to 解析：tend to do sth. 表示 “往往会做某事”，这里是价格往往会上涨，所以填 to。for 是错误的。 核心考点 7：scared 1.（选择题）The girl is scared ______ dogs. A. of B. to C. with D. at 答案：A 解析：be scared of sth. 表示 “害怕某物”，这里是女孩害怕狗，所以选 A。be scared to do sth. 是 “害怕做某事”，这里 dogs 是名词，不是动词；be scared with 和 be scared at 都是错误搭配。 2.（翻译题）他害怕晚上一个人走路。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 答案：He is scared to walk alone at night. 3.（填空题）The loud noise scared the baby ______ (cry). 答案：to cry 解析：scare sb. to do sth. 表示 “吓得某人做某事”，这里是噪音吓得婴儿哭，所以填 to cry。 核心考点 8：“nothing is + 形容词比较级 + than....” 1.（选择题）Nothing is ______ (interesting) than reading a good book. 答案：more interesting 解析：此结构用比较级表示最高级，“没有什么比读一本好书更有趣”，所以用 more interesting。 2.（翻译题）没有什么比健康更重要。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Nothing is more important than health. 3.（填空题）Nothing is ______ (exciting) than traveling to new places. 答案：more exciting 解析：根据结构，用 exciting 的比较级 more exciting，表示 “没有什么比去新地方旅行更令人兴奋”。 核心考点 9：独立主格结构 1.（填空题）The homework ______ (finish), we went out to play. 答案：finished 解析：“作业” 和 “完成” 是被动关系，用过去分词 finished 构成独立主格结构，表示 “作业完成后”。 2.（翻译题）天气晴朗，我们决定去野餐。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 答案：The weather being fine, we decided to go for a picnic. 3.（填空题）The meeting ______ (begin), everyone got down to business. 答案：having begun 解析：“会议开始” 先于 “大家开始做事”，用现在分词的完成式 having begun 的独立主格结构，表示时间先后顺序。 核心考点 10：“neither...nor...” 1.（填空题）Neither his friends nor Tom ______ (like) spicy food. 答案：likes 解析：连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循 “就近原则”，靠近谓语的主语 “Tom” 是第3人称单数，所以用 likes。 2.（翻译题）他既不喜欢跑步也不喜欢游泳。 __________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：He neither likes running nor swimming. 3.（填空题）Neither the students nor the teacher ______ (be) satisfied with the result. 答案：was 解析：靠近谓语动词 “be” 的主语是 “the teacher”，为单数，所以用 was。 核心考点 11：现在分词 (短语) 作状语 1.（填空题）______ (walk) along the street, I met an old friend. 答案：Walking 解析：“我” 和 “沿着街道走” 是主动关系，用现在分词 Walking 作时间状语，“当我沿着街道走的时候”。 2.（翻译题）因为知道他很忙，我没有打扰他。 __________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Knowing he was busy, I didn't disturb him. 3.（填空题）______ (study) hard for the exam, he got good grades. 答案：Having studied 解析：“努力学习” 在 “取得好成绩” 之前，用现在分词的完成式 Having studied 作原因状语，表示时间先后顺序。 核心考点 12：现在分词 (短语) 作宾语补足语 1.（填空题）I saw a boy ______ (play) football in the park. 答案：playing 解析：“看见某人正在做某事” 用 see sb. doing sth.，所以选 playing，“我看见一个男孩正在公园里踢足球”。 2.（翻译题）我听到她在隔壁房间唱歌。 __________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：I heard her singing in the next room. 3.（填空题）The boss kept the workers ______ (work) overtime. 答案：working 解析：“让某人一直做某事” 用 keep sb. doing sth.，所以填 working，“老板让工人们一直加班”。 一、单句语法填空题 1. After he ____ (finish) his homework, he went to play football. 答案：had finished 解析：“went to play football” 为过去时，“完成作业” 在其之前，用过去完成时 had finished，考查过去完成时用法。 2. ____ (see) from the top of the mountain, the city looks beautiful. 答案：Seen 解析：“城市” 与 “看” 是被动关系，用过去分词 Seen 作状语，考核过去分词作状语表被动。 3. The man stood there, ____ (look) at the picture on the wall. 答案：looking 解析：“man” 与 “look” 是主动关系，用现在分词 looking 作伴随状语，考查现在分词作状语表伴随。 4. We heard her ____ (sing) in the next room. 答案：singing 解析：“hear sb. doing sth.” 表示听到某人正在做某事，考查现在分词作宾补。 5. The meeting ____ (hold) tomorrow is very important. 答案：to be held 解析：“会议” 与 “举行” 是被动关系且表将来，用不定式的被动式 to be held 作定语，测试非谓语动词作定语。 6. I have a lot of work ____ (do) today. 答案：to do 解析：“have sth. to do” 有某事要做，考查不定式作后置定语。 7. With the work ____ (do), he went home. 答案：done 解析：“work” 与 “do” 是被动关系，用过去分词 done 构成 with 复合结构作状语，检验 with 复合结构。 8. The girl is busy ____ (prepare) for the exam. 答案：preparing 解析：“be busy doing sth.” 忙于做某事，考查动词搭配及 -ing 形式用法。 9. ____ (not receive) a reply, he decided to write again. 答案：Not having received 解析：“未收到回复” 先于 “决定再写”，用现在分词完成式的否定形式 Not having received 作原因状语，考查现在分词完成式作状语。 10. The teacher had the students ____ (clean) the classroom. 答案：clean 解析：“have sb. do sth.” 让某人做某事，考查使役动词 have 的用法及不带 to 的不定式作宾补。 11. The house ____ (build) last year is very big. 答案：built 解析：“房子” 与 “建造” 是被动关系，用过去分词 built 作定语，巩固过去分词作定语用法。 12. ____ (compare) with you, I still have a long way to go. 答案：Compared 解析：“我” 与 “比较” 是被动关系，用过去分词 Compared 作状语，强化过去分词作状语表被动含义。 13. Nothing is ____ (valuable) than health. 答案：more valuable 解析：“nothing is + 比较级 + than...” 结构，用比较级 more valuable 表最高级含义，考查此特殊句型。 14. Neither he nor I ____ (be) good at math. 答案：am 解析：“neither...nor...” 连接主语，谓语动词与靠近的主语 I 一致，用 am，测试就近原则。 15. Her words made me ____ (feel) better. 答案：feel 解析：“make sb. do sth.” 使某人做某事，考查使役动词 make 后接不带 to 的不定式作宾补。 二、阅读理解 阅读下面短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳选项 You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years? Jane Addams (1860-1935) Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. Rachel Carson (1907-1964) If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans. Sandra Day O’Connor (1930-present) When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator (参议员) and, in 1981, the first woman to join the US Supreme Court. O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court. Rosa Parks (1913-2005) On 1 December 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus toa white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks. 1．What is Jane Addams noted for in history? A．Her social work. B．Her teaching skills. C．Her efforts to win a prize. D．Her community background. 2．What was the reason for O’Connor’s being rejected by the law firm? A．Her lack of proper training in law. B．Her little work experience in court. C．The discrimination (歧视) against women. D．The poor financial conditions. 3．Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the US? A．Jane Addams. B．Rachel Carson. C．Sandra Day O’Connor. D．Rosa Parks. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了对人类发展产生重大影响的四位女性Jane Addams、Rachel Carson、Sandra Day O’Connor以及Rosa Parks的故事，赞扬她们为人类进步所做出的巨大贡献。 1．细节理解题。根据Jane Addams (1860-1935)部分“Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.(任何曾经得到过社工帮助的人都要感谢Jane Addams。)”可知，任何一个得到社会工作者帮助的人都要感谢Jane Addams。由此可知，正是Jane Addams推动了社会工作的发展，她才因此而出名。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据Sandra Day O’Connor (1930-present)部分“When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.(1952年，当Sandra Day O’Connor以全班第三名的成绩毕业于Stanford Law School时，她找不到律师事务所的工作，因为她是女性。)”可知，因为是女性，Sandra Day O’Connor在律师事务所找不到工作。由此可知，律师事务所拒绝O’Connor主要是因为她是一位女性，也就是对妇女的歧视。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据文章Rosa Parks部分“It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks.(它持续了一年多，并拉开了民权运动的序幕。Parks说：“我唯一感到疲倦的是，我厌倦了屈服。”)”可知，正是因为Rosa Parks的努力，美国的民权运动才得以推进，她对美国的人权运动做出了巨大的贡献。故选D。 A Chinese female pilot has set a record in the country’s airline industry after flying a small plane for 40 minutes in Beijing. Miao Xiaohong, one of China’s second batch (一批) of female pilots, controlled the Tecnam P2010 plane to take off, turn, climb, dive and land safely at the Shifosi Airport in Pinggu District of Beijing. In 1956, Miao Xiaohong, who graduated from a high school in Jinan, won a position in the second batch. She graduated from the flight school in 1958. In the following years, she flew many important missions. In 1963, she accepted a mission to airdrop materials for the flood-stricken areas in Hehei Province. Poor visibility (能见度) prevented her locating the target areas as the clouds were about 100 meters above the ground, but she managed to finish the task. In 1989, she retired and started her writing career. When she collected materials for her books, she found that many aged pilots in other countries still flew, so she had the idea of returning to the sky. To prepare for the flight, she walked 3,000 steps every day and moved her arms to meet the requirements for high-altitude flight during the past two months. Different from past flights for missions, this time her goal was to enjoy the flight. She said that it was exciting and fresh. “ Seeing the boundless blue sky unfold in front of me, I feel it is very open,” she said. The trainer said that Miao Xiaohong could finish 30 hours of flight to get a license for the commercial flight. She said, “ My physical condition is good enough to finish the 30-hour flight but it is not so important for me to get such a license. After achieving my dream of returning to the sky, I hope to encourage young women to join the airline industry. I’m 82 years old and I can fly again. You, the young people, can fly and will fly better than me.” 4．What can we learn about Miao Xiaohong from her airdrop mission? A．She was a very lucky pilot. B．She seldom finished hard tasks. C．She had excellent flying skills. D．She suffered from poor eyesight. 5．What made Miao Xiaohong have the idea of flying a plane at the age of 82? A．Her deep love for shy. B．The requirements of her books. C．Her wish to set a flying record. D．The influence of foreign aged pilots. 6．Which of the following can best describe Miao Xiaohong? A．Strict. B．Determined. C．Stubborn. D．Generous. 7．What could be the best title for the passage? A．Returning to the Blue Sky. B．Improving Your Flight Skills. C．Managing to Finish Difficult Tasks. D．Improving Yourself to Set a Record. 【答案】4．C 5．D 6．B 7．A 【导语】本文是篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了中国女飞行员苗小红的飞行生涯，以及她坚持训练，最终在82岁时实现了自己重返天空的梦想的故事。 4．细节理解题。根据第二段“In 1963, she accepted a mission to airdrop materials for the flood-stricken areas in Hehei Province. Poor visibility(能见度) prevented her locating the target areas as the clouds were about 100 meters above the ground, but she managed to finish the task.(1963年，她接受了向河北水灾地区空投物资的任务。由于云层离地面约100米，能见度不佳使她无法定位目标区域，但她设法完成了任务。)”可知，在能见度不佳的情况下，苗小红还成功完成了任务，说明她有很好的飞行技术。故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据第三段“When she collected materials for her books, she found that many aged pilots in other countries still flew, so she had the idea of returning to the sky.(当她为她的书收集资料时，她发现其他国家的许多老年飞行员仍然在飞行，于是她有了重返天空的想法。)”可知，她82岁有了重返填空的想法是受到了外国高龄飞行员的影响。故选D。 6．推理判断题。根据第三段“To prepare for the flight, she walked 3,000 steps every day and moved her arms to meet the requirements for high-altitude flight during the past two months.(为了准备飞行，在过去的两个月里，她每天走3000步，活动手臂，以满足高空飞行的要求。)”和文章内容可知，为了这次飞行，她在两个月的时间里一直坚持锻炼，全力以赴，可见她是下定了决心、意志坚定。故选B。 7．主旨大意题。根据第三段“When she collected materials for her books, she found that many aged pilots in other countries still flew, so she had the idea of returning to the sky.(当她为她的书收集资料时，她发现其他国家的许多老年飞行员仍然在飞行，于是她有了重返天空的想法。)”和全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了中国女飞行员苗小红在82岁时为了重返蓝天，坚持训练并最终实现自己梦想的故事。故选A。 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白位置的最佳选项 Hou Yifan, born on February 27, 1994 in Jiangsu, China, is a world-famous Chinese chess player. She was the Women’s World Chess champion, the youngest ever to win the title. Hou started playing chess when she was 5 years old in 1999. 8 “It was so interesting that I was attracted by the chess and decided to take up the hobby,” said Hou. “ 9 Even when there are only five or six pieces left on the board, you cannot predict all the results.” said Hou. “So instead of focusing too much on theories, we should depend on practice and skills more.” Learning methods from the past matches and practicing chess became her daily activities. 10 she became the youngest chess champion in the world at the age of 16. Although she became a famous chess star known all over the world, Hou wasn’t proud of it. “I’m happy to win these titles, but I know this is a coin with two sides,” Hou added. “As I gain public attention, my faults will become larger. So I should keep improving.” 11 In 2012, she studied International Relations at Peking University and then she went to the University of Oxford in 2018. In 2020, she became a` teacher at Shenzhen University. 12 A．Chess is a brain game full of uncertainties. B．It needed a lot of hard work, but it was worth it. C．One of the beautiful aspects of chess is its universality. D．She wanted to teach what she had learned to more young Chinese people. E．At that time, her parents took Hou to try different brain games at a training center. F．In 2013, Hou Yifan won the Women’s World Chess Championship for the third time. G．Having focused on international chess for a long time, Hou then decided to study in college. 【答案】8．E 9．A 10．B 11．G 12．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍的是我国著名国际象棋大师候逸凡的个人简介。 8．根据空前的“Hou started playing chess when she was 5 years old in 1999. (1999年，5岁的她开始下棋。)”可知，候逸凡5岁开始下棋，结合空后的““It was so interesting that I was attracted by the chess and decided to take up the hobby,” said Hou. (她说：“这太有趣了，我被象棋吸引住了，决定把这个爱好培养起来。”)”可知，此空介绍的是她刚开始学下棋的情况，E选项“At that time, her parents took Hou to try different brain games at a training center. (当时，她的父母带着她去训练中心尝试不同的益智游戏。)”中的“at that time”指的是空前的“when she was 5 years old in 1999”，且与空后的内容吻合。故选E项。 9．根据空后的“Even when there are only five or six pieces left on the board, you cannot predict all the results. (即使棋盘上只剩下五六个棋子，你也无法预测所有的结果。)”可知，甚至只有五六颗棋子的时都无法预测最后的结果，由此可知，此处说明国际象棋有太多的不确定性，A选项“Chess is a brain game full of uncertainties. (国际象棋是一种充满不确定性的脑力游戏。)”讲述的内容与空后的内容一致，空后的even是解题的关键词，其内容是对该选项的进一步解释，符合语境。故选A项。 10．根据上一段中的“Learning methods from the past matches and practicing chess became her daily activities. (从过去的比赛中学习方法和练习象棋成为了她的日常活动。)”可知，她的日常活动就是学习和练习象棋，结合空后的“she became the youngest chess champion in the world at the age of 16. (她在16岁时成为世界上最年轻的国际象棋冠军。)”可知，她在16岁成为了最年轻的国际象棋大师，由此可推断，此空承接上文，引出下文，B选项“It needed a lot of hard work, but it was worth it. (这需要很多努力，但这是值得的。)”讲述的内容承接了上文讲述的她的日常付出，同时引出下文她所取得的成就，符合语境。故选B项。 11．根据空后的“In 2012, she studied International Relations at Peking University and then she went to the University of Oxford in 2018. (2012年就读于北京大学国际关系专业，2018年赴牛津大学学习。)”可知，2012年后开始了大学生涯，G选项“Having focused on international chess for a long time, Hou then decided to study in college. (在长期专注于国际象棋之后，侯决定进入大学学习。)”讲述的内容承接了上文介绍的候逸凡在国际象棋中取得的成就，同时引出下文她就读大学的经历，符合语境。故选G项。 12．根据空前的“In 2020, she became a` teacher at Shenzhen University. (2020年，她成为深圳大学的一名教师。)”可知，她与2020年成为深圳大学的教师，由此可知，接下来介绍的可能是她的教师生涯相关的信息，D选项“She wanted to teach what she had learned to more young Chinese people. (她想把她所学到的东西教给更多的中国年轻人。)”讲述的内容衔接空前的内容，与她的教师职业生涯内容吻合，符合语境。故选D项。 三、完形填空 As the other four players enjoy the crucial victory in an Arena of Valor (《传说对决》) competition, they remained unaware that their teammate Lu Dong is a Paralympic (残奥会) 13 champion who plays with her feet. Lu 14 an interest in Arena of Valor in 2017. 15 , her appearances in Internet cafes drew a lot of curious glances, which made her 16 . However, it also led to generous compliments when others 17 her remarkable skills. Besides video games, Lu has 18 an hour daily to piano practice for the past three years and has also showcased her skills in both cooking and beauty makeup. Losing her 19 in a childhood accident, Lu stopped participating in P.E. classes to avoid 20 in her elementary school days, which made her physically and mentally 21 . Luckily, she was recommended to join the provincial swimming team in 2004. She won two golds and two silvers in the youth group of the National Championship in 2005, earning a 22 in the national squad (代表队). Lu’s exceptional performances in the pool caught the eye of Beijing Sports University in 2020, 23 the beginning of her college journey. Changing from a(n) 24 girl to a national champion, Lu gained immense (巨大的) confidence. She no longer 25 to wear T-shirts in summer or to tuck (塞进) her sleeves into her pockets in winter. “It was swimming that 26 the girl who always talked a lot and was brave enough to 27 the fixed image of the disabled.” Lu said. 13．A．swimming B．running C．dancing D．singing 14．A．developed B．created C．made D．built 15．A．Eventually B．Formally C．Initially D．Luckily 16．A．confident B．comfortable C．uneasy D．annoyed 17．A．approved B．witnessed C．learned D．practiced 18．A．dedicated B．lasted C．waited D．offered 19．A．hands B．arms C．legs D．feet 20．A．wounds B．damage C．injuries D．loss 21．A．vulnerable B．capable C．strong D．tired 22．A．degree B．living C．position D．point 23．A．changing B．marking C．following D．proving 24．A．uncommunicative B．unambitious C．selfish D．impatient 25．A．managed B．attempted C．expected D．hesitated 26．A．found out B．brought back C．waken up D．taken away 27．A．understand B．accept C．challenge D．shape 【答案】 13．A 14．A 15．C 16．C 17．B 18．A 19．B 20．C 21．A 22．C 23．B 24．A 25．D 26．B 27．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是失去双臂的残奥会游泳冠军卢冬是如何克服身体障碍，在游泳领域取得卓越成就，并进而在游戏，钢琴，烹饪和美容等多个领域展现自己的才能和自信的故事。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当其他四名队员在《传说对决》比赛中取得关键胜利的时候，他们并不知道他们的队友卢冬是残奥会游泳冠军，她用脚玩游戏。A. swimming游泳；B. running跑步；C. dancing跳舞；D. singing唱歌。根据下文“Luckily, she was recommended to join the provincial swimming team in 2004. She won two golds and two silvers in the youth group of the National Championship in 2005, earning a ___10___ in the national squad (代表队).”可知，卢冬是游泳冠军。故选A。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：卢冬在2017年对《传说对决》产生了兴趣。A. developed发展，培养；B. created创造；C. made制作；D. built建立。根据下文的“an interest in”以及句意可知，卢冬在2017年对《传说对决》产生了兴趣，develop an interest in意为“对……产生了兴趣”，符合句意。故选A。 15．考查副词词义辨析。句意：起初，她在网吧的出现吸引了很多好奇的目光，这让她感到不自在。A. Eventually最终；B. Formally正式地；C. Initially起初；D. Luckily幸运地。根据下文“However, it also led to generous compliments when others ___5___ her remarkable skills.”可知，后来人们都对她的游戏技能赞不绝口，由此可推测，空处指的是最初人们会对她用脚玩游戏感到好奇。故选C。 16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：起初，她在网吧的出现吸引了很多好奇的目光，这让她感到不自在。A. confident自信的；B. comfortable舒适的；C. uneasy不自在的；D. annoyed恼怒的。根据常理和上文的“her appearances in Internet cafes drew a lot of curious glances”可知，人们都盯着她看，她自然是感到不自在。故选C。 17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当别人看到她出色的游戏技能时，也对她赞不绝口。A. approved批准；B. witnessed目击，见证；C. learned学习；D. practiced练习。根据常理和上文的“However, it also led to generous compliments”可知，此处指的是这些看到了她出色的游戏技能的人对她赞不绝口。故选B。 18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了玩电子游戏，过去三年里，卢冬每天花一个小时练习钢琴，还展示了她的烹饪和美妆技能。A. dedicated把（时间、精力）用于，致力于；B. lasted持续；C. waited等待；D. offered提供。根据常理和上文的“an hour daily to piano practice for the past three years”可知，此处指的是卢冬每天都会花一个小时练习钢琴，dedicate…to…意为“把（时间、精力等）用于……”符合句意。故选A。 19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：童年时期的一场意外让卢冬失去了双臂，因此她在小学时不再参加体育课，以避免受伤，这让她在身心上都变得脆弱。A. hands手；B. arms胳膊；C. legs腿；D. feet脚。根据上文的“As the other four players enjoy the crucial victory in an Arena of Valor (《传说对决》) competition, they remained unaware that their teammate Lu Dong is a Paralympic (残奥会) ___1___ champion who plays with her feet.”提到卢冬是用脚打游戏，由此可知，童年的意外让卢冬失去的是双臂。故选B。 20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：童年时期的一场意外让卢冬失去了双臂，因此她在小学时不再参加体育课，以避免受伤，这让她在身心上都变得脆弱。A. wounds伤口；B. damage损害；C. injuries受伤；D. loss损失。根据上文“they remained unaware that their teammate Lu Dong is a Paralympic (残奥会) ____1____ champion who plays with her feet.”可知，卢冬失去了双臂，她在小学时不再参加体育课，以避免受伤。故选C。 21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：童年时期的一场意外让卢冬失去了双臂，因此她在小学时不再参加体育课，以避免受伤，这让她在身心上都变得脆弱。A. vulnerable易受伤害的；B. capable有能力的；C. strong强壮的；D. tired劳累的，厌烦的。根据上文的“Losing her ___7___ in a childhood accident, Lu stopped participating in P.E. classes to avoid ___8___ in her elementary school days”可知，由于一场意外，卢冬失去了双臂，为避免受伤小学时不再上体育课；由此可推测，失去双臂让她身心都变得脆弱，容易受到伤害。故选A。 22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：2005年，她在全国锦标赛青年组中获得了2金2银，进入了国家队。A. degree学位；B. living生计；C. position位置，职位；D. point观点，特点。根据上文的“She won two golds and two silvers in the youth group of the National Championship in 2005”以及下文的“in the national squad (代表队)”可推测，卢冬凭着自己的傲人成绩成为国家队的一员，即在国家队有了一席之地。故选C。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2020年，卢冬在泳池中的出色表现引起了北京体育大学的注意，标志着她大学之旅的开始。A. changing改变；B. marking标志；C. following跟随；D. proving证明。根据上文的“Lu’s exceptional performances in the pool caught the eye of Beijing Sports University in 2020”可知，她的出色表现引起了背景体育大学的注意，所以将其录取，而这也标志了她大学生涯的开始。故选B。 24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从一个沉默寡言的女孩到全国冠军，卢冬获得了极大的自信。A. uncommunicative沉默寡言的；B. unambitious没有名利心的；C. selfish自私的；D. impatient没有耐心的。根据上文的“___3___ , her appearances in Internet cafes drew a lot of curious glances, which made her ___4___.”以及“Losing her ___7___ in a childhood accident, Lu stopped participating in P.E. classes to avoid ___8___ in her elementary school days, which made her physically and mentally ___9___ .”可知，最初面对别人的注视，卢冬非常不自在，而且她童年时期的意外事故让她身心受到伤害，由此可知，一开始的她是拘谨的，沉默寡言的。故选A。 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她不再犹豫在夏天穿T恤，或者在冬天把袖子塞进口袋。A. managed管理，做成；B. attempted试图；C. expected期待；D. hesitated犹豫。根据上文的“Changing from a(n) ___12___ girl to a national champion, Lu gained immense (巨大的) confidence.”可知，卢冬逐渐有了自信，说明没有胳膊的她不再惧怕在夏天穿短袖或者在冬天把袖子塞进口袋，所以此处表示不再“犹豫”符合语境。故选D。 26．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：“是游泳让我找回了那个总是爱说话的女孩，那个勇敢地挑战残疾人固有形象的女孩。”卢冬说。A. found out查明；B. brought back使记起，使恢复；C. waken up叫醒；D. taken away夺走。根据上文的“Changing from a(n) ___12___ girl to a national champion, Lu gained immense (巨大的) confidence.”以及下文的“the girl who always talked a lot and was brave enough”可知，此处指的是游泳让她有了信心，使她又恢复成事故发生前那个爱说话的女孩。故选B。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“是游泳让我找回了那个总是爱说话的女孩，那个勇敢地挑战残疾人固有形象的女孩。”卢冬说。A. understand理解；B. accept接受；C. challenge挑战；D. shape塑造。根据语境以及上文的“It was swimming that ___14___ the girl who always talked a lot and was brave enough”可知，卢冬虽然没有双臂，但是她不畏命运的挑战，不仅成为游泳冠军，还用脚打游戏，弹钢琴，甚至烹饪美妆也不落下；由此可知，她用自身的经历，挑战人们对残疾人存在的固有的印象。故选C。 四、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Lin Qiaozhi, who delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime, 28 (know) as the “mother of ten thousand babies”, though she never got married. 29 (affect) by her mother’s death, Lin Qiaozhi decided to study medicine at 30 age of 18 instead of following the 31 (tradition) path of marriage like many other girls. After graduating from Peking Union Medical College, she was hired as a resident physician. Having worked for a few years, she was sent to Europe and the US, 32 she rejected her American colleagues’ offer to stay, and returned home. Though appointed 33 (hold) many important 34 (position), she was more interested in tending patients. She held the belief that doctors should be responsible 35 the patients. Dr Lin never retired. Even as she lay 36 (die), she was still thinking of others. This is Lin Qiaozhi, who devoted all her life to 37 (help) the women in need of her help. 【答案】 28．was known 29．Affected 30．the 31．traditional 32．where 33．to hold 34．positions 35．for 36．dying 37．helping 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了林巧稚医生的生平事迹和贡献。 28．考查时态和语态。句意：林巧稚一生中接生了超过5万名婴儿，被誉为“万婴之母”，尽管她从未结婚。空处是句子的谓语动词，根据“though she never got married”可知，句子为一般过去时，且主语Lin Qiaozhi与know之间是被动关系，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态，know的过去分词为known，be known as意为“被称为”，主语Lin Qiaozhi为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填was known。 29．考查非谓语动词。句意：受母亲去世的影响，林巧稚决定在18岁时学医，而不是像其他许多女孩一样走传统的婚姻之路。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动词decided，且句中没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词作状语，主语Lin Qiaozhi与affect之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填Affected。 30．考查冠词。句意：受母亲去世的影响，林巧稚决定在18岁时学医，而不是像其他许多女孩一样走传统的婚姻之路。at the age of为固定短语，意为“在……岁时”，故空处需用定冠词the。故填the。 31．考查形容词。句意：受母亲去世的影响，林巧稚决定在18岁时学医，而不是像其他许多女孩一样走传统的婚姻之路。根据句意及空后path可知，空处需用形容词修饰名词path，tradition的形容词形式为traditional，意为“传统的”。故填traditional。 32．考查定语从句。句意：工作几年后，她被派往欧洲和美国，在那里她拒绝了美国同事的挽留，回到了家乡。根据空前谓语动词“was sent”和空后谓语动词“rejected”可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Europe and the US，且空处在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 33．考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然被任命为担任许多重要职位，但她更关心病人。根据空前appointed可知，空处应用不定式形式to hold，作目的状语，表示被任命的目的是去持有或占据某些职位。故填to hold。 34．考查名词。句意：虽然被任命为担任许多重要职位，但她更关心病人。空前many修饰可数名词的复数形式，position的复数形式为positions。故填positions。 35．考查介词。句意：她坚信医生应该对病人负责。根据空前be responsible可知，空处应填介词for，构成固定短语be responsible for，意为“对……负责”。故填for。 36．考查非谓语动词。句意：即使在她临终之际，她仍在想着别人。空处位于as引导从句中，句子已有谓语动词lay，且句中没有连词，空处需用非谓语动词作状语，句子主语she与die之间是主动关系，所以应用现在分词形式dying作状语。故填dying。 37．考查非谓语动词。句意：这就是林巧芝，她一生都在帮助那些需要帮助的妇女。devote...to...是固定短语，为“致力于，献身于”之意，其中to是介词，其后接动词的 -ing 形式。故填helping ( 15 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$