Unit 1 Science and Scientists Discover Useful Structures 表语从句课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

Unit 1 Science and Scientists To learn the structure of predicative clause. To know how to judge the predicative clause. To master the conjunctions of predicative clause. REVIEW What do the sentences have in common in their structures? predicative 表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、代词、数词、动词过去分词、动词的-ing形式、副词、介词短语、形容词、不定式和从句等来充当。 His diarrhea seems severe. The two policies are contradictory. This is a water pump. His job is to handle the problem. 1. The definition of predicative clause. The question is who will do it. The question is difficult. （ 表 ） （ 表 ） 表语从句 在复合句中充当表语的从句叫表语从句，属于名词性从句。位于主句的系动词之后，对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。表语从句必须用陈述语序。 2. The structure of predicative clause. 主语 + 系动词 + 引导词 + 简单句 This is why he did it. e.g.What I want to say is that I am tired. 表语从句 表语从句的判断 The judgment of the predicative clause 系动词主要是be动词（am, is, are, was, were)，意为“是”。 其它系动词： 1)持续系动词（表示主语持续或保持一种状况或态度）：keep, remain, stay, stand 2) “像”系动词（表示看起来像）：seem, appear, look 3)感官系动词：look, feel, smell, sound, taste 4)变化系动词（主语变成什么样）：become, grow, turn, fall, get, go 5)终止系动词（主语已终止动作）：prove, turn out 定义：表语从句放在 之后，充当复合句中的 。 结构: It seems that it is going to rain. It looks as if he is unhappy today. 主语+系动词 + 引导词 + 简单句 系动词 表语 表语从句的定义 The definition of predicative clause 表语从句引导词的选择 What I can see is _____ the police are trained to defend themselves against attacks. The police are trained to defend themselves against attacks. what I can see that 从属 连词 that不做成分,没有意义，连接作用，不能省略 1. The fact is that inevitably she took out her frustrations on her son. 2. What I can see is that the police are trained to defend themselves. 3. The question is whether they could handle the problem. 4. He looked as if he had seen a ghost. 5. He felt frustrated. That is because he failed in the exam. 表语从句的从属连词有that, whether, as if, as though, because, 他们在从句中_____成分。 that在表语从句中_______实际意义，陈述一个 ， ______省略； whether在表语从句中_______实际意义，______省略； 与if替换。 as if, as though在表语从句中_______实际意义，______省略； because在表语从句中_______实际意义，______省略； 不做 没有 不可 有 不可 有 不可 有 不可 是否 似乎/好像 因为 1. 从属连词 确定的事实 不可 2.从属连词whether 引导的表语从句 The question is if we can finish our work. The question is whether the film is worth watching. The doctor’s doubt is whether she will survive. whether起 _________ 作用，意为“_______”，在句中_________(是/否)作成分。 (注意：if ______(能/不能)引导表语从句)。 连接 是否 不 不能 从属连词-as if/ as though as if/as though 引导的表语从句常跟在look, sound,seem, feel等后面, 意思为：“看起来/听起来/似乎+ 就好像...” 语气： 若表示真实情况，用陈述语气。 若表示非真实情况，用虚拟语气。 Dark clouds are gathering. It looks as if it’s going to rain. It sounded as if the night would never end. 真实情况 非真实情况 Bradley Hand ITC 13 3.从属连词as if/ as though/ because 引导的表语从句 It sounds as if / though someone is knocking at the door. She looked as if she had been hit by lightning. It seems as if she were mad. He did not see the film last night. That is because he had seen it before. as if/though 在从句中________(是/否)充当成分，意为“______________”;若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用_________(主句一般现在时，从句用_________时；主句过去式，从句___________时)；because在从句中_______(是/否)充当成分，意为“______________” 不 似乎；好像 虚拟语气 一般过去 过去完成 不 因为 as if/as though 引导的表语从句的虚拟语气： 若跟现在事实不符：动词过去式（be动词用were） 若跟过去事实不符：had done 若跟将来事实不符：would/could+动词原形 The little boy seems as if he (know) everything in the world. The little boy seems as if he ______ (be) an important person. He felt as if he (meet )this young lady for a long time somewhere. He opens his mouth. It seems as if he ________ (say)something later. 从属连词-as if/ as though knew would say had met were Bradley Hand ITC 15 从属连词： 1. My belief is ______________I will succeed by working hard. 2. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________one can be entirely free from dust. 雨季最令人愉快的事情是完全没有灰尘。 3. The problem is ______________we can find them there. 4. It sounds _________________someone is knocking at the door. whether that that that在从句中不做成分，也没有实际意义，但不可省略；whether也不能省略，意思为：是否。 as if / though，在句子中不充当任何成分，但有意义。译为：似乎，好像。 as if/though 引导词的用法 The use of conjunction words who / whom / whose / which / what等 连接代词： 连接代词在表语从句中可充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。“缺什么补什么”：根据从句句意与所缺成分确定连接词 ① This is _______ my teacher has taught me — honesty. ②The problem is _______ can take the place of Jim. ③What I want to know is _______ words are helpful. what who whose 4.连接代词who、whom、whose、what、which引导的表语从句 Motivation is what you need most to do a good job. The problem is who is really fit for the hard job. What I want to know is whose words are helpful. 连接代词who/whoever、whom/whomever、whose、what/whatever、which/whichever在从句中作______、_________、___________、_________等。 主语 宾语 表语 定语 1. What makes us curious is what led to his success. 2. This is what my mother has taught me—— to face my fault bravely. 3. The question is who was suspected of stealing the money. 4. The problem is whom we can trust. 5. The argument is which one we should choose. 6. The most important thing is whose telescope can find the suitable planet to live in. S o s o A定语 A定语 2. 连接代词 表语从句的连接代词有who(ever)、whom(ever)、what(ever)、whose、which(ever)、 指人用： ，在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语，whom(ever)不能充当 ; 指物用： , 在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语； which&whose 在从句中作 ; which(ever)： 。 1. You can be you want to be. 2. The question is ____________ caused the accident. 3. The most important thing is ____________ responsibility it is. whoever/whomever(用的较少) whose what who(ever) 主语 what(ever) 定语 在某个范围里的任意一个 2. 连接代词 1) China is no longer _______ she used to be. 2) The question is _______ of us should come first. (我们两个中的哪一个) 3) The problem is ______ is really fit for the hard job. 4) The important thing is _______name should be put on the top of the list. 5）You can be __________ you want to be. what which who whose whoever 即学即练 This is __________I want. My English is limited. This is _______I hate reading English books. The village is _________ I used to spend my holiday. He is my favorite singer. It is ________ I really love the way he behaves. The trouble is __________ we are short of funds. My problem is __________ coat is suitable for me. I ‘ d like to start my own business—that’s ____ I want to do if I had the money. What I want to know is _______will support me. what where why because that which what who Bradley Hand ITC 22 1. Next sunday is we shall meet. 2. You are saying that everyone should be the same, and this is I disagree. 你说每个人都应该一样，这就是我不同意你的地方。 3. The question is __________we can get in touch with him. 问题是我们怎样才能和他联系上。 4. The rain is too heavy. That is _________ I got wet. 那就是为什么我被淋湿了的原因。 where how why 3. 连接副词 when 表语从句的连接副词有when, where, why, how在从句中分别充当 . 时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、方式状语 I disagree with you in this aspect/point. when where why how what/whatever which/whichever who/whoever whom,whose... that,whether as if/as though because Summary 表语从句的引导词 从属连词 在从句中不作句子成分 连接代词 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语 连接副词 在从句中作状语 一、用单词的适当形式完成句子 1．It’s a pity ________you’ve missed such a good chance. 2．It is not immediately clear _______the financial crisis will soon be over. 3．_______he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. 4．After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _______our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. 5．_______ she couldn’t understand was why fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. 6．_______ comes will be welcomed to the open-air concert. 7．_______we are sure about is the need to prevent children from being spoiled. 8．It is by no means clear ________the president can do to end the strike. 9．_______some teenagers don’t realize is _______difficult life can be after they get addicted to drugs. 10．It has been proved _______eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. that whether What what What What What What that Whoever how 1. 表语从句和其他从句一样都用陈述语序：连词+主语+谓语（连主谓）。 2. that引导表语从句时, 在句中只起连接作用, 不充当句子成分, 无实际意义, 不能省略。 表语从句的注意点 The grammar rulers of the predicative clause e.g. One advantage of playing the guitar is that it can give you a great deal of pleasure. e.g. The trouble is that I have lost his address. 1.He is careless and irresponsible. That was _______ he was fired. 2.He was fired. That was _________ he is careless and irresponsible. 3. The reason _______ he was fired was ________ he was careless and irresponsible. why because why that 三、注意事项（1） Summary: This/That/It is/was because+原因… This/That/It is/was why+结果… The reason (why+结果...:定语从句) is/was that+原因... 不可以使用Because,否则造成词义累赘 “这就是为什么…” “这是因为…” “…的原因是...” why vs because Bradley Hand ITC 27 三、注意事项（2） 虚拟语气 1)表示 “一坚持（insist) 二命令(order, command) 三建议(advise, suggest, propose) 四要求(ask, require, request, demand)”的名词 insistance, order, command, advice, suggestion, proposal, requirement, request, demand, idea做主语，后面的表语从句中， 谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，should可省略 Her order was all the students (be) quiet. His request is we (work) hard. (should) be (should) work that that Bradley Hand ITC 28 表语从句的注意点 The grammar rulers of the predicative clause 表语从句的虚拟语气 My proposal is that we (should) start early tomorrow. My advice is that we (should) get there by train. My suggestion is that we (should) go and help him. 1)在表示“一坚持（insist)二命令(order, command)三建议(advise, suggest, propose) 四要求(ask, require, request, demand)”的名词 advice, suggestion, request, proposal,idea 等后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，should可省略 Bradley Hand ITC 29 表语从句的注意点 The grammar rulers of the predicative clause as if/as though 引导的表语从句的虚拟语气： 若跟现在事实不符：过去式（be动词用were） 若跟过去事实不符：had done 若跟将来事实不符：would/could+动词原形 The little boy talks as if he knew everything in the world. He felt as if he had met this young lady for a long somewhere. Bradley Hand ITC 30 三、注意事项（3） 常见句型 句型一： The question/problem is that/whether/when/ where/how.... 问题是.... The problem is they don’t have enough money. 问题是他们没有足够的钱。 The problem is we should go on with the basketball game because it seems to rain. 句型二： One’s dream/aim/purpose/goal is that ... 某人的梦想、目标、目的是.... that whether Bradley Hand ITC 31 Practice Practice-translation A. Absolutely. You may not believe it, but that was ________ happened at the initial stage of our group's research on developing a vaccine for malaria. B. Yes, it is. And it seemed _______ all the theories were useful, but the fact was _____ we couldn't persuade one another that one theory was better than another. what as if that as if, that, what, who, when, how, why, whose, which, whether 34 C. Exactly. The problem was not about ________ all our theories were equally good, but in deciding _______ theory to depend upon. D. We realised that what we cared about was not _______ aspect we needed to develop a theory in, but rather ______ we can reduce the cost of a vaccine without reducing its effect! E. You're right. At last, we became focused on the key issue, which was ______ we had to carry out the research in the first place. whose which how as if, that, what, who, when, how, why, whose, which, whether why whether 35 三、完成句子 1．他失败的原因就是他太粗心了。 The reason why he failed was________ ________ _______ ______ _________. 2．问题还是我们怎样才能克服这些困难。 The question remains_____ ____ ____ __________ _______ ____________. 3．这就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方。 This is_____ _______ _______ _______ _______. 4．他们就是这样赢得这场比赛的。 That was______ ______ _______ ________ _______. 5．这所学校已不再是从前的那个样子了。 This school is____ ________ _____ _______ ________ ______      that     he     was     too     careless      how  we can  overcome   these  difficulties where     Lu     Xun     once     lived how     they     won     the     match no     longer   what     it     was     before Thank You ! that where as if/as though why that whether because what whether the air pollution can be controlled as if/as though a black blanket because he didn't work hard had been that the music can inspire me to move on $$