精品解析：上海市建平中学2024-2025学年高一上学期11月期中英语试题

建平中学2024学年第一学期期中教学质量检测 高一英语试卷 （考试时间90分钟 满分100分） Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension Section A（10%） Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Boss and employee. B. Shop assistant and customer. C. Host and guest. D. Teacher and student. 2. A. He will move to a different city. B. He won’t join any club. C. He will do something enjoyable. D. He won’t join a debate club. 3. A. At 8a. m. B. At 7:15 a. m. C. At 5:15 a. m. D. At 4:45 a. m. 4. A. Parker has refused to come to the party. B. Parker probably won’t like the party. C. The party is not held in Parker’s honor. D. The party is popular among the old and the young. 5. A. Anxious. B. Angry. C. Embarrassed. D. Puzzled. 6. A. Hold a party. B. Make a reservation. C. Climb the hill. D. Throw a game. 7. A. He is heavily in debt. B. He is short of money. C. He is hard to get along with. D. He is on a diet. 8. A. On the basketball court. B. At the hospital. C. At the police station. D. In the sports shop. 9. A. They were packing up their stuff. B. They were watching a car race. C. They narrowly escaped a car crash. D. They found it impossible to find their car. 10. A. The woman is sure to do great this time. B. The woman never lets anything get her down easily. C. The woman’s attitude towards the exam is right. D. The woman should care more about exam performance. Section B（6%） Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. To bring employment to remote areas. B. To bring shops to remote towns. C. To create a new business model. D. To compete with convenience stores. 12. A. Identification is required. B. Only BankID is accepted. C. All purchases must be scanned. D. Payment is made offline. 13. A. Personal space. B. Remote control. C. Limited contact. D. Peaceful surroundings. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Five. B. Four. C. Three D. Two. 15. A. She grabbed her younger sister and got out. B. She unplugged the generator（发电机）and called 911. C. She immediately ran to her neighbor for help. D. She unlocked her dad’s phone and called 911. 16. A. To ensure nobody is affected by the gas. B. To save the cost of running a generator. C. To make sure it is not damaged or stolen. D. To keep it from making too much noise. Section C（4%） Directions: In Section C, you will hear one longer conversation. The conversation will be read twice. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 17 to 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. It will be on for at least a week. B. The critics gave it good reviews. C. It can be rented for home screening. D. It doesn’t have any special effects. 18. A. It enables him to get some exercise out of the house. B. It makes him get in touch with real life more. C. It offers him a better viewing experience. D. It is cheaper than watching a movie at home. 19. A. Less frightening. B. More entertaining. C. Less noisy. D. More relaxing. 20. A. A tall guy once blocked her sight. B. Someone’s phone suddenly rang up loudly. C. Someone in front of her kept standing up. D. A tall guy stood up to get some snacks. Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A（8%） Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1. A rescue worker risked his life to save two tourists who _______ in the mountains for two days. A. had been trapped B. have been trapped C. have trapped D. were trapped 2. A new function of China’s official train ticket booking website ______to boost buyers’ chances of obtaining a ticket during the upcoming Spring Festival travel rush. A. will be expected B. expects C. has been expected D. is expected 3. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _______ lives were affected. A. which B. who C. whose D. that 4. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _______ his employees enjoy their work. A. what B. when C. which D. where 5. By nine o’clock, every Olympic torchbearer had arrived at the summit of Mount Everest, _______ a rarely-seen rainbow made a swift appearance. A. of which B. on which C. from which D. above which 6. You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must _______ you, I suppose. A. conform to B. agree with C. relate to D. associate with 7. Court ballet, as a combination of musical drama and dancing, _______ the Italian Renaissance courts of the 15th century. A. dated back to B. originated from C. amounted to D. resulted in 8. During the conference, the research team _______ its objectives for the upcoming project with an emphasis on efficiency, teamwork and achieving measurable outcomes. A. appealed to B. referred to C. agreed to D. set out Section B（8%） Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Here is a quick quiz: Person A does a favor for you. Person B asks you to do a favor for him. Who do you like more? The answer: Person B. It seems counter-intuitive (违反直觉的). Wouldn’t we favor those who do us favors? Not necessarily. Often, the opposite is true: We don’t like people who are nice to us; we like people to ___9___ we are nice. This aspect of human nature, known as the Ben Franklin Effect, ___10___ (explain) a lot about how relationships work and how we might improve them. Benjamin Franklin came across this phenomenon in 1736, ___11___ he served as a clerk to the Pennsylvania General Assembly (宾夕法尼亚州议会). A powerful new member did not care for Franklin and threatened to make life miserable for him. Franklin could have attempted to win him over with flattery, but he took a different approach. Having heard that the man owned a rare and valuable book, Franklin asked ___12___ he could borrow it for a few days. The man agreed, and Franklin returned it with a nice note. “When we next met in the House, he spoke to me ___13___ great politeness,” Franklin recalled in his autobiography (自传). The two became fast friends. Franklin’s takeaway: “He who has once done you a kindness will be more ready to do you ___14___, than he whom you yourself have helped.” Several studies have confirmed this, but how can we explain the phenomenon? Some psychologists point to cognitive dissonance (认知失调) as an explanation. It’s difficult to hold two contradictory thoughts at the same time, ___15___ makes us uncomfortable. We resolve this tension by changing our mind. “I don’t like Joe, but I’m doing him a favor,” we might think. “So, maybe I do like him after all.” Those looking to make new friends would be wise to make use of the phenomenon. It works when two people know each other and even among strangers, ___16___ (suggest) that it “could be an effective strategy not only for maintaining or strengthening a current relationship but also for developing a new relationship,” said Yu Niya, author of a study on the Ben Franklin Effect. Section C（10%） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than-you heed. A. define B. depends C. intentions D. nutritional E. perspectives F. public G. refer H. reveal I. standards J. touches K. unique A recent article put a spotlight on how social media can fuel body dysmorphia (身体畸形恐惧症) in boys. As we regularly do when The Times writes about an issue that ___17___ on the lives of young people, we have asked teenagers to share their ___18___- this time on the use of social media and the effects it may be having on body image issues. Many of the teenagers agree that social media has been harmful to their body image and self-esteem (自尊). Influencers share their “what I eat in a day” videos, and while their ___19___ may not be malicious (恶意的), comparison truly becomes the thief of joy. You start wondering how much you should be eating. While I admit that I have benefited from some ___20___ information that has been taught by professionals on social media, the popularity of unrealistic beauty ___21___ has been damaging to me? — Ave, Los Angeles Males face ___22___ pressures and hurdles to talking about their struggles Not only on social media but also in the real world, males are taught differently than females about how to think about their struggles. People seem to notice the struggles females face when it comes to body image issues, but it is all too common for them to overlook the struggles that males face. As a result, males are often discouraged from sharing their struggles and are often ignored when they do make___23___ such struggles. — Devynne, Comets Some said that following body-positive content can be encouraging. I find that I encounter more body-positive content than that which is negative. The reason for this, though, ___24___ on who you follow. When I see body-positive content on social media, I find that it just makes me feel confident about the body I have. Positive content can show you that your body does not ___25___ you, and that you should not worry about having the smallest waist or biggest muscles. -Alexis, Hanover Horton High School Teen warning - just remember, social media doesn’t show you the full picture of someone’s life. In my case, social media has definitely affected the way I feel about myself and my body. Users on these platforms usually post things when they look their best, often neglecting to ___26___ to us their usual day-to-day appearance. Social media has caused me to feel as if I have to look a certain way at all times of the day, even if it is clear to me that 15-second TikTok clips of attractive users show just that: only 15 seconds of their day — Nikita, New York Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension: Section A（15%） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The similarities between babies and scientists become particularly vivid when we consider how babies learn about things. In science, and even in ordinary life, we ____27____ the surfaces of the world and try to infer its deeper patterns. We look for the ____28____ causes of events. We try to figure out the nature of things. It’s not just that we human beings can do this, we need to do it. We seem to have a kind of explanatory drive, like our drive for food. When we’re presented with a puzzle, a mystery, a hint of a pattern, or something that doesn’t quite ____29____, we work until we find a solution. As scientists, we may stay up all night to solve a problem, and it doesn’t seem rather likely that our salaries are the only ____30____. We see this same drive to ____31____ the world in its purest form in children. Human children in the first three years of life are consumed by a desire to explore and ____32____ with objects. From the time human babies can move around, they are torn between the safety of a grown-up hug and the ____33____ drive to explore. Toddlers (学步儿童)in the park venture (冒险)out to explore and then, in a sudden panic, race back to the safe harbour, only to venture forth again some few minutes later. Seen from an evolutionary point of view, children’s exploratory behaviour is rather peculiar. Not only do babies invest enormous energy in exploring the world, their explorations often ____34____ their very survival. However, for our species, the dangers of exploration are ____35____ by the benefits of learning. The change in children’s understanding of the world seem related to the ways they explore and experiment. Children actively do things to ____36____ their understanding of disappearances, causes and categories. Fortunately, these aspects of the ____37____ world are so common that babies can do their experiments quite easily and for the most part safely. The bed, the house, the garden are excellent laboratories. ____38____, we can see babies become interested in hiding-and-finding games when they are about a year old. We once recorded a baby putting the same ring under a cloth and finding it 17 times, saying “all gone” each time. In our experiments, babies often begin by ____39____ when we take the toy to hide it. But after one or two turns, they often start hiding the toy themselves or give the cloth and toy to us with instructions to hide it again. A key aspect of our developmental picture is that babies actively ____40____ looking for patterns in what is going on around them, in testing hypotheses (假设)and in seeking ____41____. They aren’t just stamped(标识)by evolution or shaped by their environment or moulded (塑造)by adults. 27. A. reflect on B. judge from C. stand by D. look beyond 28. A. disappearing B. interesting C. conflicting D. underlying 29. A. serve any purpose B. draw any attention C. make sense D. take place 30. A. motivation B. reward C. requirement D. initiative 31. A. challenge B. understand C. transform D. access 32. A. cooperate B. communicate C. experiment D. interfere 33. A. desirable B. uniform C. original D. irresistible 34. A. endanger B. benefit C. feature D. indicate 35. A. dominated B. highlighted C. outweighed D. driven 36. A. feature B. record C. enhance D. organize 37. A. perceptible B. physical C. senseless D. familiar 38. A. For instance B. In addition C. In other words D. In all 39. A. cheering B. disapproving C. appealing D. cheating 40. A. call for B. object to C. think over D. engage in 41. A. purposes B. contributions C. explanations D. instructions Section B（24%） Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Recently I attended several meetings where we talked about ways to retain students and keep younger staff members from going elsewhere. It seems that higher education has become an industry of meeting-holders whose task is to “solve” problems - real or imagined. And in my position as a professor at three different colleges, the actual problems in educating our young and older students have deepened, while the number of people hired - not to teach but to hold meetings - has increased significantly. Every new problem creates a new job for an administrative fixer. Take our Center for Teaching Excellence. Contrary to its title, the center is an information exchange center for using technology in classrooms and in online courses. It’s an administrative cheat of the kind that has multiplied over the last 30 years. I offer a simple proposal in response: Many of our problems - class attendance, educational success, student happiness and well-being - might be improved by cutting down the bureaucratic (官僚的) mechanism and meetings and instead hiring an army of good teachers. If we replaced half of our administrative staff with classroom teachers, we might actually get a majority of our classes back to 20 or fewer students per teacher. This would be an environment in which teachers and students actually knew each other. The teachers should be free to teach in their own way - the curriculum should be flexible enough so that they can use their individual talents to achieve the goals of the course. Additionally, they should be allowed to teach, and be rewarded for doing it well. Teachers are not people who are great at and consumed by research and happen to appear in a classroom. Good teaching and research are not exclusive, but they are also not automatic companions. Teaching is an art and a craft, talent and practice; it is not something that just anyone can be good at. It is confusing to me that people do not recognize this, despite the fact that anyone who has been a student can tell the difference between their best and worst teachers. 42. What does the author think of some universities? A. They are effectively handling real or imagined problems. B. They sometimes fail to combine teaching with research. C. They have too many administrative staff members. D. They lack talent to fix ever-deepening problems. 43. From the perspective of the author, what kind of people do universities lack most? A. Good classroom teachers. B. Talented researchers. C. Efficient administrators. D. Motivated students. 44. What does the author imply about the classes at present? A. They improve students’ independent learning. B. They help students form closer relationships. C. They have more older students than before. D. They are much bigger than is desirable. 45. What is the author’s suggestion to improve university teaching? A. Creating an environment for teachers to share their teaching experience. B. Hiring more classroom teachers and allowing them to teach in their own way. C. Using high technology in classrooms and promoting exchange of information. D. Cutting down meetings and encouraging administrative staff to go to classrooms. （B） 70% of people pushing wheelchairs suffer from back injuries Introducing Ypush. The power-assisted, carer-friendly wheelchair that does the pushing for you! The amazing Ypush wheelchair is totally unique because it has been designed especially to help Carers. 70% of people pushing wheelchairs suffer from back strain or injury, and often the physical effort makes it impossible for people to get out and about. In many cases this can leave people stranded at home and unable to enjoy their usual activities. The award-winning Y push wheelchair solves this problem, and gives the Carer electric power and steering at the touch of a button, at any time— this is the only wheelchair in the world to operate in this way. The Y push really is a complete game changer and removes the effort of pushing, so you can travel around without any stress and worry, go to the places you really want to go, and enjoy activities together. Total independence and confidence for carers and occupants to make the most out of life. 46. The underlined word “stranded” most probably means ________ A. hurt B. controlled C. trapped D. protected 47. Which of the following statements about the wheelchair is TRUE? A. It is advanced because it releases the patients from tiredness. B. It can be activated when people scan its exclusive QR code. C. It should be fully charged before running on aeroplanes. D. It is powered at the push of a button with a long-life battery. 48. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A. All-electric wheelchairs across the UK B. The future of mobility is here C. Ypush, patient-friendly D. Scientific Innovation Award 2023 49. Where does this article mostly come from? A. A personal blog. B. A local newspaper. C. A book review. D. A scientific journal. （C） Moving hospitals out of paper records and into digital connectivity has been tougher than anyone but hard-core skeptics (怀疑论者) thought seven years ago, when the federal government began pouring billions of dollars into a push to make electronic medical records the universal standard. Computerization of health care data would quickly get patients’ health information where it needs to go, improving care and cutting costs. That was the idea — but the path to it has been rocky. Overall, progress has been blocked, among other obstacles, by reluctance to share information with competitors, software from different suppliers that can’t communicate, physicians who have pushed back at hospitals where they had to struggle with unaccustomed computerized routines and the expense, often exceeding $1 billion in large hospital systems, of retooling outdated computers. As things now stand, medical records are often incomplete and vital patient information is frequently hiding on health care islands — parked at one large health system but inaccessible to a hospital outside the system where that same patient may have just arrived in the Emergency Room. Or records aren’t sent to primary care providers, leaving them in the dark about the course of a patient’s treatments. Amid continued concerns that digitized patient data still isn’t getting to the point of care, and facing pressure from providers and lawmakers who argue that hospitals and other health organizations are being forced to do too much too fast despite the perception that they should be well down the road, the Department of Health and Human Services recently issued final rules on an advanced set of requirements to make electronic health information more readily available to clinicians. The new standards are promised to be simpler and more flexible, responding to complaints from hospitals and physicians. The big picture of hospital connectivity in the U. S. today is “deeply negative,” says Eric Topol, author of “The Patient Will See You Now”. “There’s been tremendous resources put into this and little to show for it,” he says. “We have a country characterized by information-blocking, where there is a lack of connectivity from one health system to another, and patients are the victims because of all this Tower of Babel.” Topol points out that countries from Australia to Estonia have broken down barriers to information sharing and given patients greater ownership of their health care by putting their data into their own hands. He believes this model should replace the current “paternalistic (家长式作风的)” system where the control of patient information remains firmly with hospitals and other health providers. Many places around the world have instead adopted the patients-own-their-data model, Topol says. “Then you don’t worry so much about blocking, because the patient has the goods.” 50. Why did federal government decide to make electronic medical records? A. To satisfy demands from hard-core skeptics. B. To improve the efficiency of health care service. C. To be greener by abandoning paper records. D. To erase the competitions among different hospitals. 51. The path to electronic medical records was blocked by _______. A. a lack of universal standard B. the absence of qualified software supplies C. doctors’ reluctance to use computer D. large cost of updating computers 52. What made the Department of Health and Human Services issue the final rule? A. The perception that hospital is going the wrong road. B. Pressure from patients to receive immediate medical treatment. C. Concerns over the accessibility of the electronic medical data. D. Complaints about the simplicity of the old standard. 53. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Hospitals are moving slowly to electronic medical records. B. Physicians are getting accustomed to computerized routines. C. “Paternalistic” system is widely accepted by the patients in the U. S.. D. Patients should have control over their digital medical data. Ⅳ. Translation（15%） 54. 缺乏经验导致了他求职失败。（contribute）(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 55. 当沿着海岸线建造新建筑物时，应该提醒工程师地震的风险。（warn）(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 56. 考试临近，许多学生考虑组建学习小组，以提高学习效率。(consider) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 57. 高中生渴望能进入顶尖学府深造，为此他们无疑要全身心投入到学习中。（devote）(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 58. 丰富的课外活动是建平中学的特色，这为学生提供了丰富的学习体验，也满足了他们的个性化需求。（feature v.） (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 建平中学2024学年第一学期期中教学质量检测 高一英语试卷 （考试时间90分钟 满分100分） Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension Section A（10%） Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Boss and employee. B. Shop assistant and customer. C. Host and guest. D. Teacher and student. 2. A. He will move to a different city. B. He won’t join any club. C. He will do something enjoyable. D. He won’t join a debate club. 3. A. At 8a. m. B. At 7:15 a. m. C. At 5:15 a. m. D. At 4:45 a. m. 4. A. Parker has refused to come to the party. B. Parker probably won’t like the party. C. The party is not held in Parker’s honor. D. The party is popular among the old and the young. 5. A. Anxious. B. Angry. C. Embarrassed. D. Puzzled. 6. A. Hold a party. B. Make a reservation. C. Climb the hill. D. Throw a game. 7. A. He is heavily in debt. B. He is short of money. C. He is hard to get along with. D. He is on a diet. 8. A. On the basketball court. B. At the hospital. C. At the police station. D. In the sports shop. 9. A. They were packing up their stuff. B. They were watching a car race. C. They narrowly escaped a car crash. D. They found it impossible to find their car. 10. A. The woman is sure to do great this time. B. The woman never lets anything get her down easily. C. The woman’s attitude towards the exam is right. D. The woman should care more about exam performance. Section B（6%） Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. To bring employment to remote areas. B. To bring shops to remote towns. C. To create a new business model. D. To compete with convenience stores. 12. A. Identification is required. B. Only BankID is accepted. C. All purchases must be scanned. D. Payment is made offline. 13. A. Personal space. B. Remote control. C. Limited contact. D. Peaceful surroundings. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Five. B. Four. C. Three D. Two. 15. A. She grabbed her younger sister and got out. B. She unplugged the generator（发电机）and called 911. C. She immediately ran to her neighbor for help. D. She unlocked her dad’s phone and called 911. 16. A. To ensure nobody is affected by the gas. B. To save the cost of running a generator. C. To make sure it is not damaged or stolen. D. To keep it from making too much noise. Section C（4%） Directions: In Section C, you will hear one longer conversation. The conversation will be read twice. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 17 to 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. It will be on for at least a week. B. The critics gave it good reviews. C. It can be rented for home screening. D. It doesn’t have any special effects. 18. A. It enables him to get some exercise out of the house. B. It makes him get in touch with real life more. C. It offers him a better viewing experience. D. It is cheaper than watching a movie at home. 19. A. Less frightening. B. More entertaining. C. Less noisy. D. More relaxing. 20. A. A tall guy once blocked her sight. B. Someone’s phone suddenly rang up loudly. C. Someone in front of her kept standing up. D. A tall guy stood up to get some snacks. Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A（8%） Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1. A rescue worker risked his life to save two tourists who _______ in the mountains for two days. A. had been trapped B. have been trapped C. have trapped D. were trapped 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：一名救援人员冒着生命危险救了两名在山里被困了两天的游客。who引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词two tourists，由句意可知，游客“被困”发生在“被救”之前，risked为一般过去时，表示在过去的动作之前发生的动作，即过去的过去，应用过去完成时，two tourists和trap之间为被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故选A。 2. A new function of China’s official train ticket booking website ______to boost buyers’ chances of obtaining a ticket during the upcoming Spring Festival travel rush. A. will be expected B. expects C. has been expected D. is expected 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：中国火车票预订官网的一项新功能有望在即将到来的春运期间增加购票机会。be expected to do表示“有望……”，常用于一般现在时，故D项正确。 3. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _______ lives were affected. A. which B. who C. whose D. that 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这本书通过那些生活受到影响的人的眼睛讲述了地震的故事。句中先行词为those，在定语从句中作名词lives的定语，所以用关系代词whose引导。故选C。 4. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _______ his employees enjoy their work. A. what B. when C. which D. where 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这家公司的老板正在努力创造一种他的员工可以享受工作的轻松氛围。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“atmosphere”，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。故选D。 5. By nine o’clock, every Olympic torchbearer had arrived at the summit of Mount Everest, _______ a rarely-seen rainbow made a swift appearance. A. of which B. on which C. from which D. above which 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：九点钟，所有奥运火炬手都已抵达珠穆朗玛峰顶峰，在山顶上，罕见的彩虹迅速出现。A. of which……的；B. on which在……上（两者有接触）；C. from which从……；D. above which在……上方（两者不接触）。本句为“介词+which”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为the summit of Mount Everest，彩虹出现在珠穆朗玛峰山顶的上方，两者不接触，故选D项。 6. You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must _______ you, I suppose. A. conform to B. agree with C. relate to D. associate with 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：你气色不错。我想三亚的空气和海鲜一定很适合你。A. conform to遵守；B. agree with(气候，食物)适合；C. relate to与……有关；D. associate with交往。根据空格前的The air and the sea foods in Sanya可知，此处指“（气候，食物）适合某人”。故填B项。 7. Court ballet, as a combination of musical drama and dancing, _______ the Italian Renaissance courts of the 15th century. A. dated back to B. originated from C. amounted to D. resulted in 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：宫廷芭蕾，作为音乐剧和舞蹈的结合，起源于15世纪意大利文艺复兴时期的宫廷。A. dated backs to ,该短语不存在，而date back to，表“追溯到”；B. originated from起源于；C. amounted to 总计；D. resulted in导致。根据句意和 the Italian Renaissance courts of the 15th century可知，这里指宫廷芭蕾“起源于”15世纪意大利文艺复兴时期的宫廷。故选B项。 8. During the conference, the research team _______ its objectives for the upcoming project with an emphasis on efficiency, teamwork and achieving measurable outcomes. A. appealed to B. referred to C. agreed to D. set out 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在会议期间，研究团队阐述了他们即将到来的项目的目标，重点强调了效率、团队协作以及实现可量化成果。A. appealed to呼吁；B. referred to参考，提及；C. agreed to同意；D. set out（有条理地）陈述，阐明。结合语境“During the conference”以及“the upcoming project”可知，此处指的是“在会议上陈述即将到来的项目目标”。故选D项。 Section B（8%） Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Here is a quick quiz: Person A does a favor for you. Person B asks you to do a favor for him. Who do you like more? The answer: Person B. It seems counter-intuitive (违反直觉的). Wouldn’t we favor those who do us favors? Not necessarily. Often, the opposite is true: We don’t like people who are nice to us; we like people to ___9___ we are nice. This aspect of human nature, known as the Ben Franklin Effect, ___10___ (explain) a lot about how relationships work and how we might improve them. Benjamin Franklin came across this phenomenon in 1736, ___11___ he served as a clerk to the Pennsylvania General Assembly (宾夕法尼亚州议会). A powerful new member did not care for Franklin and threatened to make life miserable for him. Franklin could have attempted to win him over with flattery, but he took a different approach. Having heard that the man owned a rare and valuable book, Franklin asked ___12___ he could borrow it for a few days. The man agreed, and Franklin returned it with a nice note. “When we next met in the House, he spoke to me ___13___ great politeness,” Franklin recalled in his autobiography (自传). The two became fast friends. Franklin’s takeaway: “He who has once done you a kindness will be more ready to do you ___14___, than he whom you yourself have helped.” Several studies have confirmed this, but how can we explain the phenomenon? Some psychologists point to cognitive dissonance (认知失调) as an explanation. It’s difficult to hold two contradictory thoughts at the same time, ___15___ makes us uncomfortable. We resolve this tension by changing our mind. “I don’t like Joe, but I’m doing him a favor,” we might think. “So, maybe I do like him after all.” Those looking to make new friends would be wise to make use of the phenomenon. It works when two people know each other and even among strangers, ___16___ (suggest) that it “could be an effective strategy not only for maintaining or strengthening a current relationship but also for developing a new relationship,” said Yu Niya, author of a study on the Ben Franklin Effect. 【答案】9. whom 10. explains 11. when 12. if##whether 13. with 14. another 15. which 16. suggesting 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一个小测验引出“本・富兰克林效应”，讲述了本杰明・富兰克林亲身经历的与之相关的事例，还阐释了该效应产生的原因，最后指出利用这一现象对结交新朋友是明智之举。 【9题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：我们喜欢我们对其友好的人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为people，关系词在从句中作介词to的宾语，指人，应用whom引导。故填whom。 【10题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：人性的这一方面，被称为本・富兰克林效应，解释了很多关于人际关系是如何运作的以及我们如何改善它们的问题。句子描述的是一般事实，应用一般现在时，主语This aspect of human nature为单数概念，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填explains。 【11题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：本杰明・富兰克林在1736年遇到了这种现象，当时他在宾夕法尼亚州议会担任书记员。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为1736，在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。 【12题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：富兰克林听说这个人有一本珍贵稀有的书，就问他能否借几天。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句中不缺成分，但表示“是否”的含义，应用if 或whether引导。故填if/whether。 【13题详解】 考查介词。句意：“当我们下次在众议院见面时，他非常有礼貌地和我说话，”富兰克林在他的自传中回忆道。with great politeness为固定短语，意为“非常有礼貌地”。故填with。 【14题详解】 考查代词。句意：富兰克林的结论是：“曾经帮助过你的人会比你自己帮助过的人更愿意再帮你一次。”根据前文“He who has once done you a kindness”可知，此处指再次帮助你，应用代词another，表示“又一，再一”。故填another。 【15题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：同时持有两种相互矛盾的想法是困难的，这会让我们感到不舒服。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整个句子的内容，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 【16题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它在两个人相互认识时起作用，甚至在陌生人之间也起作用，这表明它“不仅是维持或加强现有关系的有效策略，而且是发展新关系的有效策略”，一项关于本・富兰克林效应的研究的作者于妮娅说。分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词作状语，suggest与其逻辑主语It之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填suggesting。 Section C（10%） Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than-you heed. A. define B. depends C. intentions D. nutritional E. perspectives F. public G. refer H. reveal I. standards J. touches K. unique A recent article put a spotlight on how social media can fuel body dysmorphia (身体畸形恐惧症) in boys. As we regularly do when The Times writes about an issue that ___17___ on the lives of young people, we have asked teenagers to share their ___18___- this time on the use of social media and the effects it may be having on body image issues. Many of the teenagers agree that social media has been harmful to their body image and self-esteem (自尊). Influencers share their “what I eat in a day” videos, and while their ___19___ may not be malicious (恶意的), comparison truly becomes the thief of joy. You start wondering how much you should be eating. While I admit that I have benefited from some ___20___ information that has been taught by professionals on social media, the popularity of unrealistic beauty ___21___ has been damaging to me? — Ave, Los Angeles Males face ___22___ pressures and hurdles to talking about their struggles Not only on social media but also in the real world, males are taught differently than females about how to think about their struggles. People seem to notice the struggles females face when it comes to body image issues, but it is all too common for them to overlook the struggles that males face. As a result, males are often discouraged from sharing their struggles and are often ignored when they do make___23___ such struggles. — Devynne, Comets Some said that following body-positive content can be encouraging. I find that I encounter more body-positive content than that which is negative. The reason for this, though, ___24___ on who you follow. When I see body-positive content on social media, I find that it just makes me feel confident about the body I have. Positive content can show you that your body does not ___25___ you, and that you should not worry about having the smallest waist or biggest muscles. -Alexis, Hanover Horton High School Teen warning - just remember, social media doesn’t show you the full picture of someone’s life. In my case, social media has definitely affected the way I feel about myself and my body. Users on these platforms usually post things when they look their best, often neglecting to ___26___ to us their usual day-to-day appearance. Social media has caused me to feel as if I have to look a certain way at all times of the day, even if it is clear to me that 15-second TikTok clips of attractive users show just that: only 15 seconds of their day — Nikita, New York 【答案】17. J 18. E 19. C 20. D 21. I 22. K 23. F 24. B 25. A 26. H 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了社交媒体的使用可能对青少年身体形象产生的影响。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：就像我们在《泰晤士报》报道涉及年轻人生活的话题时经常做的那样，我们请青少年们分享他们的观点——这次是关于社交媒体的使用，以及它可能对身体形象问题产生的影响。根据句意和空格后的介词on可知，此处考查动词短语touch on“提及；谈及”。故选J项。 【18题详解】 考查名词。句意：就像我们在《泰晤士报》报道涉及年轻人生活的话题时经常做的那样，我们请青少年们分享他们的观点——这次是关于社交媒体的使用，以及它可能对身体形象问题产生的影响。根据句意和空格前的动词share可知，空格处应该用名词作宾语，且意义为“观点”，所以名词perspectives填入空格处，符合语境。故选E项。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：网红分享他们的“我一天吃什么”视频，虽然他们的意图可能不是恶意的，但比较真的会偷走快乐。空格处是让步状语从句的主语，应该用名词，且意义为“意图”，所以应该用名词intentions。故选C项。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：虽然我承认我从社交媒体上专业人士教授的一些营养信息中受益，但不切实际的审美标准的流行对我造成了伤害。根据句意和空格后的名词information可知，空格处应该用形容词作定语，修饰后面的名词，且意义为“营养的”，所以，形容词nutritional填入空格处，符合语境。故选D项。 【21题详解】 考查名词。句意：虽然我承认我从社交媒体上专业人士教授的一些营养信息中受益，但不切实际的审美标准的流行对我造成了伤害。根据句意和空格前的介词of可知，空格处应该用名词作宾语，且意义为“标准”，所以，名词standards填入空格处，符合语境。故选I项。 【22题详解】 考查形容词。句意：男性在谈论自己的挣扎时面临着独特的压力和障碍。根据句意和空格后的名词pressures可知，空格处应该用形容词作定语，修饰后面的名词，且意义为“独特的”，所以，形容词unique填入空格处，符合语境。故选K项。 【23题详解】 考查形容词。句意：因此，男性往往不愿分享他们的挣扎，即使他们公开自己的挣扎，也常常被忽视。根据句意和空格前的动词make可知，此处考查固定搭配make public“公开”。故选F项。 【24题详解】 考查动词。句意：不过，原因取决于你追随的是谁。根据句意和空格后的介词on可知，此处考查固定短语depend on“取决于”。故选B项。 【25题详解】 考查动词。句意：积极的内容可以告诉你，你的身体并没有定义你，你不应该担心自己的腰围最小或肌肉最大。根据句意和空格前的does not可知，空格处应该用动词原形作谓语，且意义为“定义，界定”，所以动词define填入空格处，符合语境。故选A项。 【26题详解】 考查动词。句意：这些平台上的用户通常会在他们看起来最好的时候发布照片，而往往忽略了向我们展示他们日常的样子。根据句意和空格前的不定式符号to可知，空格处应该用动词原形，且意义为“展示，显示”，所以动词reveal填入空格处，符合语境。故选H项。 Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension: Section A（15%） Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The similarities between babies and scientists become particularly vivid when we consider how babies learn about things. In science, and even in ordinary life, we ____27____ the surfaces of the world and try to infer its deeper patterns. We look for the ____28____ causes of events. We try to figure out the nature of things. It’s not just that we human beings can do this, we need to do it. We seem to have a kind of explanatory drive, like our drive for food. When we’re presented with a puzzle, a mystery, a hint of a pattern, or something that doesn’t quite ____29____, we work until we find a solution. As scientists, we may stay up all night to solve a problem, and it doesn’t seem rather likely that our salaries are the only ____30____. We see this same drive to ____31____ the world in its purest form in children. Human children in the first three years of life are consumed by a desire to explore and ____32____ with objects. From the time human babies can move around, they are torn between the safety of a grown-up hug and the ____33____ drive to explore. Toddlers (学步儿童)in the park venture (冒险)out to explore and then, in a sudden panic, race back to the safe harbour, only to venture forth again some few minutes later. Seen from an evolutionary point of view, children’s exploratory behaviour is rather peculiar. Not only do babies invest enormous energy in exploring the world, their explorations often ____34____ their very survival. However, for our species, the dangers of exploration are ____35____ by the benefits of learning. The change in children’s understanding of the world seem related to the ways they explore and experiment. Children actively do things to ____36____ their understanding of disappearances, causes and categories. Fortunately, these aspects of the ____37____ world are so common that babies can do their experiments quite easily and for the most part safely. The bed, the house, the garden are excellent laboratories. ____38____, we can see babies become interested in hiding-and-finding games when they are about a year old. We once recorded a baby putting the same ring under a cloth and finding it 17 times, saying “all gone” each time. In our experiments, babies often begin by ____39____ when we take the toy to hide it. But after one or two turns, they often start hiding the toy themselves or give the cloth and toy to us with instructions to hide it again. A key aspect of our developmental picture is that babies actively ____40____ looking for patterns in what is going on around them, in testing hypotheses (假设)and in seeking ____41____. They aren’t just stamped(标识)by evolution or shaped by their environment or moulded (塑造)by adults. 27. A. reflect on B. judge from C. stand by D. look beyond 28. A. disappearing B. interesting C. conflicting D. underlying 29. A. serve any purpose B. draw any attention C. make sense D. take place 30. A. motivation B. reward C. requirement D. initiative 31. A. challenge B. understand C. transform D. access 32. A. cooperate B. communicate C. experiment D. interfere 33. A. desirable B. uniform C. original D. irresistible 34. A. endanger B. benefit C. feature D. indicate 35. A. dominated B. highlighted C. outweighed D. driven 36. A. feature B. record C. enhance D. organize 37. A. perceptible B. physical C. senseless D. familiar 38. A. For instance B. In addition C. In other words D. In all 39. A. cheering B. disapproving C. appealing D. cheating 40. A. call for B. object to C. think over D. engage in 41. A. purposes B. contributions C. explanations D. instructions 【答案】27. D 28. D 29. C 30. A 31. B 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. C 36. C 37. B 38. A 39. B 40. D 41. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类探索行为的本质，从科学家到儿童，都展现出对探索和学习的强烈渴望。 【27题详解】 考查短语辨析。句意：在科学中，甚至在日常生活中，我们透过世界的表面，试图推断其更深层次的模式。A. reflect on思考；B. judge from根据……判断；C. stand by支持；D. look beyond考虑更多。根据下文“try to infer its deeper patterns(试着推断出更深层次的模式)”可知，此处是指“透过、超越”世界的表面。此处故选D项。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们寻找事件的根本原因。A. disappearing消失的；B. interesting有趣的；C. conflicting冲突的；D. underlying潜在的、根本的。根据下文“We try to figure out the nature of things(我们试图弄清事物的本质)”可知，此处是指寻找事件的“根本的”原因。故选D项。 【29题详解】 考查短语辨析。句意：当我们面对一个谜题，一个谜团，一个模式的暗示，或者一些不太有意义的事情时，我们会一直努力，直到找到解决办法。A. serve any purpose服务于任何目的；B. draw any attention引起注意；C. make sense有意义； D. take place发生。根据上文“a puzzle, a mystery, a hint of a pattern,(一个谜题，一个谜团，一个模式的暗示，) ”可知，此处应该和上文并列，所以指“不太有意义”的事情。故选C项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为科学家，我们可能会为了解决一个问题而熬夜，而且工资似乎不太可能是我们唯一的动力。A. motivation动力；B. reward奖励；C. requirement要求；D. initiative倡议。根据上文的 salaries可知，此处是指工资不大可能使我们唯一的“动力”。故选A项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们在孩子身上看到了同样的动力，想要以最纯粹的形式去理解世界。A. challenge挑战；B. understand理解；C. transform转化；D. access接近。根据上文“We see this same drive(我们看到了同样的动力)”可知，此处是指看到了同样的动力去“理解”世界。故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：人类儿童在生命的前三岁被探索和试验物体的欲望所消耗。A. cooperate合作；B. communicate交流；C. experiment试验；D. interfere干涉。根据and前的explore可知，此处用动词experiment和explore并列表示探索和“试验”物体。故选C项。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从人类婴儿能四处走动的时候起，他们就在成年人的拥抱和不可抗拒的探索动力之间摇摆不定。A. desirable向往的；B. uniform全部相同的；C. original起初的；D. irresistible无法抗拒的。根据下文“Toddlers(学步儿童)in the park venture(冒险)out to explore and then, in a sudden panic, race back to the safe harbour, only to venture forth again some few minutes later.(在公园里蹒跚学步的孩子们冒险出去探索，然后突然惊慌失措地跑回安全港，几分钟后又冒险出来。)”可知，此处是指在安全港和“不可抗拒的”探索之间摇摆不定。故选D项。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：婴儿不仅在探索世界上投入了巨大的精力，而且他们的探索常常危及他们的生存。A. endanger危及；B.benefit使受益；C. feature以……为特色；D. indicate表明。根据下文the dangers of exploration可知，此处是指探索会“危及”他们的生存。故选A项。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，对于人类来说，探索潜藏的危险远不及学习所带来的益处重要。A. dominated控制、支配；B. highlighted突出、强调；C. outweighed比……重要；D. driven驱使。根据上文的 However可知，上下文之间是转折关系，虽然探索有危险、甚至危及生存，但是好处大于坏处。故选C项。 【36题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子们积极地做一些事情来增强他们对失踪、原因和类别的理解。A. feature以……为特色；B. record记录；C. enhance提高；D. organize组织。根据下文“their understanding of disappearances, causes and categories(他们对失踪、原因和类别的理解)”可知，此处是指“增强”对这些的理解。故选C项。 【37题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，物质世界的这些方面是如此普遍，婴儿可以很容易地做他们的实验，而且在很大程度上是安全的。床、房子、花园都是极好的实验室。A. perceptible可察觉的；B. physical物质的；C. senseless无意识的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据空格后的world可知，此处是指“物质”世界。故选B项。 【38题详解】 考查短语辨析。句意：床、房子、花园都是极好的实验室。例如，我们可以看到婴儿在大约一岁时开始对捉迷藏游戏感兴趣。A. For instance例如；B. In addition另外；C. In other words换句话说；D. In all总共。根据下文“we can see babies become interested in hiding-and-finding games when they are about a year old.(我们可以看到婴儿在大约一岁的时候开始对捉迷藏游戏感兴趣。)”可知，此处是指举例说明情况。故选A项。 【39题详解】 考查动名词词义辨析。句意：在我们的实验中，当我们把玩具拿起来藏起来时，婴儿通常一开始就不赞成。但在一两个回合后，他们经常开始自己藏玩具，或者把布和玩具交给我们，并指示我们再藏起来。A. cheering欢呼；B. disapproving不赞成；C. appealing呼吁；D. cheating欺骗。根据下文“when we take the toy to hide it(当我们把玩具拿起来藏起来时)”可知，藏起玩具时婴儿通常应该是“不赞成的”。故选B项。 【40题详解】 考查短语辨析。句意：我们的发展图景的一个关键方面是婴儿积极地寻找他们周围发生的事情的模式，测试假设并寻求解释。A. call for要求；B. object to反对；C. think over仔细考虑；D. engage in参与。根据下文“looking for patterns in what is going on around them,(寻找他们周围发生的事情的模式)”可知，此处是指“参与”寻找。故选D项。 【41题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. purposes目的；B. contributions贡献；C. explanations解释；D. instructions指示。根据上文testing hypotheses可知，此处是和上文并列，指测试假设并寻求“解释”。故选C项。 Section B（24%） Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） Recently I attended several meetings where we talked about ways to retain students and keep younger staff members from going elsewhere. It seems that higher education has become an industry of meeting-holders whose task is to “solve” problems - real or imagined. And in my position as a professor at three different colleges, the actual problems in educating our young and older students have deepened, while the number of people hired - not to teach but to hold meetings - has increased significantly. Every new problem creates a new job for an administrative fixer. Take our Center for Teaching Excellence. Contrary to its title, the center is an information exchange center for using technology in classrooms and in online courses. It’s an administrative cheat of the kind that has multiplied over the last 30 years. I offer a simple proposal in response: Many of our problems - class attendance, educational success, student happiness and well-being - might be improved by cutting down the bureaucratic (官僚的) mechanism and meetings and instead hiring an army of good teachers. If we replaced half of our administrative staff with classroom teachers, we might actually get a majority of our classes back to 20 or fewer students per teacher. This would be an environment in which teachers and students actually knew each other. The teachers should be free to teach in their own way - the curriculum should be flexible enough so that they can use their individual talents to achieve the goals of the course. Additionally, they should be allowed to teach, and be rewarded for doing it well. Teachers are not people who are great at and consumed by research and happen to appear in a classroom. Good teaching and research are not exclusive, but they are also not automatic companions. Teaching is an art and a craft, talent and practice; it is not something that just anyone can be good at. It is confusing to me that people do not recognize this, despite the fact that anyone who has been a student can tell the difference between their best and worst teachers. 42. What does the author think of some universities? A. They are effectively handling real or imagined problems. B. They sometimes fail to combine teaching with research. C. They have too many administrative staff members. D. They lack talent to fix ever-deepening problems. 43. From the perspective of the author, what kind of people do universities lack most? A. Good classroom teachers. B. Talented researchers. C. Efficient administrators. D. Motivated students. 44. What does the author imply about the classes at present? A. They improve students’ independent learning. B. They help students form closer relationships. C. They have more older students than before. D. They are much bigger than is desirable. 45. What is the author’s suggestion to improve university teaching? A. Creating an environment for teachers to share their teaching experience. B. Hiring more classroom teachers and allowing them to teach in their own way. C. Using high technology in classrooms and promoting exchange of information. D. Cutting down meetings and encouraging administrative staff to go to classrooms. 【答案】42. C 43. A 44. D 45. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。主要讲述了作者结合自己参加的教学会议以及在三所不同学院担任教授的经历指出了如今大学教育存在的问题。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“And in my position as a professor at three different colleges, the actual problems in educating our young people and older students have deepened, while the number of people hired - not to teach but to hold meetings - has increased significantly. Every new problem creates a new job for an administrative fixer. (我在三所不同的学院担任教授，在教育我们的年轻人和高年级学生方面的实际问题已经加深，而雇用的人——不是教书，而是开会——的数量却显著增加。每个新问题都会给行政解决人员带来新的工作。)”可知，关于当今的大学，作者认为他们的行政人员数量过多，负担过重。故选C。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Many of our problems - class attendance, educational success, student happiness and well-being - might be improved by cutting down the bureauratic (官僚的) mechanism and meetings and instead hiring an army of good teachers. If we replaced half of our administrative staff with classroom teachers, we might actually get a majority of our classes back to 20 or fewer students per teacher. (作为回应，我提出了一个简单的建议：我们的许多问题——上课出勤率、教育成绩、学生的快乐和幸福——可能会通过减少官僚机制和会议而得到改善，而要雇佣一批好老师。如果我们用任课教师取代一半的行政人员，我们可能会让大多数班级的学生人数回到20人或更少。)”可知，根据作者的观点，大学最缺乏优秀的课堂老师。故选A。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“If we replaced half of our administrative staff with classroom teachers, we might actually get a majority of our classes back to 20 or fewer students per teacher. This would be an environment in which teachers and students actually knew each other. (如果我们用任课教师取代一半的行政人员，我们可能会让大多数班级的学生人数回到20人或更少。这将是一个教师和学生真正相互了解的环境。)”可知，作者认为，现在的课堂规模比理想的要大得多。故选D。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。文章第三段中“Many of our problems - class attendance, educational success, student happiness and well-being - might be improved by cutting down the bureauratic (官僚的) mechanism and meetings and instead hiring an army of good teachers. If we replaced half of our administrative staff with classroom teachers, we might actually get a majority of our classes back to 20 or fewer students per teacher. (我们的许多问题——上课出勤率、教育成绩、学生的快乐和幸福——可能会通过减少官僚机制和会议而得到改善，而要雇佣一批好老师。如果我们用任课教师取代一半的行政人员，我们可能会让大多数班级的学生人数回到20人或更少。)”及第四段又指出“The teachers should be free to teach in their own way—the curriculum should be flexible enough so that they can use their individual talents to achieve the goals of the course. (教师应该能够自由地以自己的方式授课——课程设置应当足够灵活，这样他们就能运用自身的才能来实现课程目标。)”可知，削减官僚机制和会议，聘用大量优秀教师并且让教师以自己的方式教学，课程设置应足够灵活以便教师发挥个人才能实现课程目标。所以作者对改善大学教学的建议是聘用更多课堂教师并允许他们以自己的方式教学。故选B。 （B） 70% of people pushing wheelchairs suffer from back injuries Introducing Ypush. The power-assisted, carer-friendly wheelchair that does the pushing for you! The amazing Ypush wheelchair is totally unique because it has been designed especially to help Carers. 70% of people pushing wheelchairs suffer from back strain or injury, and often the physical effort makes it impossible for people to get out and about. In many cases this can leave people stranded at home and unable to enjoy their usual activities. The award-winning Y push wheelchair solves this problem, and gives the Carer electric power and steering at the touch of a button, at any time— this is the only wheelchair in the world to operate in this way. The Y push really is a complete game changer and removes the effort of pushing, so you can travel around without any stress and worry, go to the places you really want to go, and enjoy activities together. Total independence and confidence for carers and occupants to make the most out of life. 46. The underlined word “stranded” most probably means ________ A. hurt B. controlled C. trapped D. protected 47. Which of the following statements about the wheelchair is TRUE? A. It is advanced because it releases the patients from tiredness. B. It can be activated when people scan its exclusive QR code. C. It should be fully charged before running on aeroplanes. D. It is powered at the push of a button with a long-life battery. 48. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A. All-electric wheelchairs across the UK B. The future of mobility is here C. Ypush, patient-friendly D. Scientific Innovation Award 2023 49. Where does this article mostly come from? A. A personal blog. B. A local newspaper. C. A book review. D. A scientific journal. 【答案】46. C 47. D 48. C 49. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是应用文。主要介绍一款新型轮椅，它可以帮助推动者消除疲劳和受伤，方便出行。 【46题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句“70% of people pushing wheelchairs suffer from back strain or injury, and often the physical effort makes it impossible for people to get out and about. (70%的人推轮椅的人背部拉伤或受伤，经常体力劳动使人无法出去走动。)”可知，推轮椅的人经常被困在家里，画线词与trap“困住”意思相近。故选C 【47题详解】 细节理解题。根据图片内容中的“The revolutionary Ypush gives the career instant power at the touch of a button.(革命性的Ypush只需按下一个按钮，护理人员就可以立即获得电力。)”可知，它由一个按下一个按钮的电源和一个长寿命电池供电，故选D。 【48题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段内容“Introducing Ypush. The power-assisted, carer-friendly wheelchair that does the pushing for you!( 引入Ypush。助力轮椅，为您做推动！)”可知，主要介绍一款新型轮椅，它可以帮助推动者消除疲劳和受伤，方便出行，因此推断C项“Ypush，方便患者”为最佳标题。故选C。 【49题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段内容“Introducing Ypush. The power-assisted, carer-friendly wheelchair that does the pushing for you!( 引入Ypush。助力轮椅，为您做推动！)”可知，主要介绍一款新型轮椅，它可以帮助推动者消除疲劳和受伤，方便出行，因此推断这是一则广告，最有可能出现在当地报纸上。故选B。 （C） Moving hospitals out of paper records and into digital connectivity has been tougher than anyone but hard-core skeptics (怀疑论者) thought seven years ago, when the federal government began pouring billions of dollars into a push to make electronic medical records the universal standard. Computerization of health care data would quickly get patients’ health information where it needs to go, improving care and cutting costs. That was the idea — but the path to it has been rocky. Overall, progress has been blocked, among other obstacles, by reluctance to share information with competitors, software from different suppliers that can’t communicate, physicians who have pushed back at hospitals where they had to struggle with unaccustomed computerized routines and the expense, often exceeding $1 billion in large hospital systems, of retooling outdated computers. As things now stand, medical records are often incomplete and vital patient information is frequently hiding on health care islands — parked at one large health system but inaccessible to a hospital outside the system where that same patient may have just arrived in the Emergency Room. Or records aren’t sent to primary care providers, leaving them in the dark about the course of a patient’s treatments. Amid continued concerns that digitized patient data still isn’t getting to the point of care, and facing pressure from providers and lawmakers who argue that hospitals and other health organizations are being forced to do too much too fast despite the perception that they should be well down the road, the Department of Health and Human Services recently issued final rules on an advanced set of requirements to make electronic health information more readily available to clinicians. The new standards are promised to be simpler and more flexible, responding to complaints from hospitals and physicians. The big picture of hospital connectivity in the U. S. today is “deeply negative,” says Eric Topol, author of “The Patient Will See You Now”. “There’s been tremendous resources put into this and little to show for it,” he says. “We have a country characterized by information-blocking, where there is a lack of connectivity from one health system to another, and patients are the victims because of all this Tower of Babel.” Topol points out that countries from Australia to Estonia have broken down barriers to information sharing and given patients greater ownership of their health care by putting their data into their own hands. He believes this model should replace the current “paternalistic (家长式作风的)” system where the control of patient information remains firmly with hospitals and other health providers. Many places around the world have instead adopted the patients-own-their-data model, Topol says. “Then you don’t worry so much about blocking, because the patient has the goods.” 50. Why did federal government decide to make electronic medical records? A. To satisfy demands from hard-core skeptics. B. To improve the efficiency of health care service. C. To be greener by abandoning paper records. D. To erase the competitions among different hospitals. 51. The path to electronic medical records was blocked by _______. A. a lack of universal standard B. the absence of qualified software supplies C. doctors’ reluctance to use computer D. large cost of updating computers 52. What made the Department of Health and Human Services issue the final rule? A. The perception that hospital is going the wrong road. B. Pressure from patients to receive immediate medical treatment. C. Concerns over the accessibility of the electronic medical data. D. Complaints about the simplicity of the old standard. 53. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Hospitals are moving slowly to electronic medical records. B. Physicians are getting accustomed to computerized routines. C. “Paternalistic” system is widely accepted by the patients in the U. S.. D. Patients should have control over their digital medical data. 【答案】50. B 51. D 52. C 53. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要讲述了美国医疗系统从纸质记录向电子医疗记录转型的艰难过程，包括所遇到的障碍、目前存在的问题以及可能的解决方案。 【50题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Computerization of health care data would quickly get patients’ health information where it needs to go, improving care and cutting costs.(医疗保健数据的计算机化将迅速将患者的健康信息送到需要的地方，从而改善护理并降低成本)”可知，联邦政府决定制作电子病历是为了提高医疗服务的效率。故选B。 【51题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Overall, progress has been blocked, among other obstacles, by reluctance to share information with competitors, software from different suppliers that can’t communicate, physicians who have pushed back at hospitals where they had to struggle with unaccustomed computerized routines and the expense, often exceeding $1 billion in large hospital systems, of retooling outdated computers.(总的来说，阻碍了进展的障碍包括：不愿与竞争对手分享信息；来自不同供应商的软件无法沟通；医生在医院不得不与不习惯的计算机程序作斗争，以及更换过时计算机的费用（大型医院系统的费用往往超过10亿美元）)”可知，更新电脑的巨大成本阻碍了通往电子医疗记录的道路。故选D。 【52题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Amid continued concerns that digitized patient data still isn’t getting to the point of care, and facing pressure from providers and lawmakers who argue that hospitals and other health organizations are being forced to do too much too fast despite the perception that they should be well down the road, the Department of Health and Human Services recently issued final rules on an advanced set of requirements to make electronic health information more readily available to clinicians.(人们一直担心数字化的病人数据还没有达到护理的目的，并且面临着来自供应商和立法者的压力，他们认为医院和其他卫生组织被迫做得太多太快，尽管他们认为他们应该在未来很长一段时间内，卫生和人类服务部最近发布了一套高级要求的最终规则，以使临床医生更容易获得电子健康信息)”可知，促使卫生与公共服务部发布了最终规定的是对电子医疗数据可获得性的担忧。故选C。 【53题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Moving hospitals out of paper records and into digital connectivity has been tougher than anyone but hard-core skeptics (怀疑论者) thought seven years ago, when the federal government began pouring billions of dollars into a push to make electronic medical records the universal standard. Computerization of health care data would quickly get patients’ health information where it needs to go, improving care and cutting costs.(将医院从纸质病历转移到数字病历的过程比任何人都要困难，但七年前，当联邦政府开始投入数十亿美元推动电子病历成为通用标准时，铁杆怀疑论者却没有想到这一点。医疗保健数据的计算机化将迅速将患者的健康信息送到需要的地方，从而改善护理并降低成本)”结合这篇文章主要讲述了美国医疗系统从纸质记录向电子医疗记录转型的艰难过程，包括所遇到的障碍、目前存在的问题以及可能的解决方案。可知，这篇文章的主旨是医院正在缓慢地向电子病历迈进。故选A。 Ⅳ. Translation（15%） 54. 缺乏经验导致了他求职失败。（contribute）(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Lack of experience contributed to his failure in finding a job. 【解析】 【详解】考查词汇用法及句子结构。该句为主谓宾结构。“缺乏经验”是句子的主语部分，应使用名词短语lack of experience；谓语部分“导致了”可使用动词短语contribute to，叙述过去的事实，使用一般过去时；宾语部分“他求职失败”可使用名词短语his failure in finding a job。故翻译为Lack of experience contributed to his failure in finding a job. 55. 当沿着海岸线建造新建筑物时，应该提醒工程师地震的风险。（warn）(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When constructing new buildings along the coastline, engineers should be warned of the risk of earthquakes. 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词和被动语态。分析汉语原句可知，逗号前句表示“当……时”可用when引导的时间状语，则逗号后句为主句，句意上无明确主语，可用含情态动词should的被动语态转化为“工程师应该被提醒有地震的风险”。状语部分，在明确主语为“工程师”后，“建造新建筑”这一动作与主句主语是主动关系，作为非谓语动词可直接用现在分词形式，译为constructing new buildings，地点状语“沿着海岸线”可译为along the coastline；主句部分，结合所给提示词warn，符合其用法be warned of，意为“被提醒、警告……”，提醒的内容“地震的风险”可用of所有格译为名词短语the risk of earthquakes。故翻译为When constructing new buildings along the coastline, engineers should be warned of the risk of earthquakes. 56. 考试临近，许多学生考虑组建学习小组，以提高学习效率。(consider) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】With the exams approaching, many students are considering forming study groups to improve their learning efficiency. 【解析】 【详解】考查with的复合结构、时态和非谓语动词。表示“考试”用the exams；表示“临近”应用动词approach，此处用“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，the exams和approach为主动关系，因此用approach的现在分词形式作宾补，即with the exams approaching，放于句首，首字母大写；表示“许多学生”用many students；表示“考虑做某事”，应用动词短语consider doing sth.，动名词作宾语；“考虑”是动词consider，其形式要根据主语和时态来确定，主语many students是复数且此处表示正在发生的动作，所以用现在进行时态，即are considering；表示“组建”用动词form，放于consider后用动名词形式作宾语；“学习小组”是study groups，作动词form的宾语；表示“提高”用improve，用不定式形式作目的状语；表示“学习效率”是learning their efficiency，作动词improve的宾语。故翻译为With the exams approaching, many students are considering forming study groups to improve their learning efficiency. 57. 高中生渴望能进入顶尖学府深造，为此他们无疑要全身心投入到学习中。（devote）(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】High school students are eager to get into top universities, so they undoubtedly need to devote themselves to their studies. 【解析】 【详解】考查词汇及句子结构。 本句为复合句结构。分析句子：渴望上顶尖学府，所以要全身心学习，需要so引导结果状语从句。主句部分主语“高中生”使用名词短语high school students；动词短语be eager to do意为“渴望做某事”作谓语，叙述心中平日想法，应使用一般现在时态，主语是复数名词，系动词be使用复数形式；“进入顶尖学府深造”可使用动词短语get into top universities的不定式形式；表示“为此他们无疑要全身心投入到学习中”可使用so引导结果状语从句，代词they作主语，副词undoubtedly意为“无疑地”作状语，谓语部分“要全身心投入到”应使用need to devote oneself to...，their studies作宾语。注意句首字母大写。故翻译为High school students are eager to get into top universities, so they undoubtedly need to devote themselves to their studies. 58. 丰富的课外活动是建平中学的特色，这为学生提供了丰富的学习体验，也满足了他们的个性化需求。（feature v.） (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Jianping Middle School features rich extracurricular activities, which not only provide students with diverse learning experiences but also meet their individual needs. 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。表示“建平中学”应用Jianping Middle School；表示“以……为特色”应用feature，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式；表示“丰富的课外活动”应用rich extracurricular activities；表示“不仅……而且……”应用not only...but also...；表示“为学生提供了丰富的学习体验”应用provide students with diverse learning experiences；表示“满足他们的个性化需求”应用meet their individual needs；将“这为学生提供了丰富的学习体验，也满足了他们的个性化需求”处理为非限制性定语从句，先行词是activities，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导，从句谓语动词用原形。故翻译成Jianping Middle School features rich extracurricular activities, which not only provide students with diverse learning experiences but also meet their individual needs. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $