第3编 题型2 阅读理解(课件PPT)-【中考拐点】2024年中考英语讲义（南充专用）

题型二　阅读理解 ——南充英语 2024《中考拐点》 目 录 1 2 命 题 特 点 解 题 技 巧 1 命 题 特 点 南充阅读理解题共设三篇,其命题特点具体如下: 1.体裁:涉及应用文、记叙文、说明文、新闻报道。 2.话题:涉及人物故事、事物介绍、时事热点等,涵盖常见话题如天气、科技、语言学习、日常生活、健康、音乐等。 3.设题:以细节理解题和推理判断题为主,代词指代题、词义猜测题、写作意图题、主旨大意题、标题归纳题、篇章结构题为辅。 题型二　阅读理解 返回首页 首页 总目录 2 解 题 技 巧 (2023·南充B篇) It is more than sixty years since the death of Lei Feng,and yet his spirit of selflessness is still alive,inspiring Chinese young people.In fact,the wish to help others can always be found among common people. On September 5,2022,when an earthquake hit Luding,Sichuan,28⁃year⁃old hydropower station (水电站) worker Gan Yu chose not to leave but stay at his workplace,saving villages downstream from being flooded. People think he is a hero like Lei Feng,but he doesn’t feel that he should be compared to the young hero.“Lei Feng is a role model to all Chinese young people. The things he did 题型二　阅读理解 返回首页 首页 总目录 may seem small,but behind them was a nobility (高贵的品质) that we can all achieve,” he said. Zeng Qiangfei,24,is also from Sichuan.In 2013,when an earthquake happened in his hometown,he was studying in a middle school.Zeng remembered seeing rescuers (救援者) and volunteers gather there to help.When he grew up,he became a volunteer himself.After a terrible quake hit Turkey and Syria this year,he flew there to help.During the rescue,he always saw local people bowing quietly to rescuers like them.“I grew up listening to Lei Feng’s stories.He is an excellent young man who spared no effort to help others,” said Zeng. This view is shared by a 56⁃year⁃old British man named James Elroy 题型二　阅读理解 返回首页 首页 总目录 Edginton , who lives in Hunan,the hometown of Lei Feng. Working at a local college, Edginton volunteers to help students from poor families,and is warmly regarded as a “foreign Lei Feng”.“I am honored to be connected with the spirit of Lei Feng.His qualities are timeless and borderless,” he said. 题型二　阅读理解 返回首页 首页 总目录 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍Gan Yu 忠于职守、Zheng Qiangfei 不遗余力帮助他人以及英国人James Elroy Edginton帮助中国贫困生的事迹证明了“雷锋精神”永垂不朽。 题型二　阅读理解 返回首页 首页 总目录 1.Which of the following words can best describe Gan Yu? A.Responsible. B.Smart. C.Patient. D.Careful.  题型二　阅读理解 返回首页 首页 总目录 【解析】 1.A　根据“On September 5,2022,when an earthquake hit Luding,Sichuan,28⁃year⁃old hydropower station (水电站) worker Gan Yu chose not to leave but stay at his workplace,saving villages downstream from being flooded.”可知水电站施工技术员甘宇在地震中依旧坚守水电站,可推知他是很负责任的。故选A。命题点:推理判断 题型二　阅读理解 返回首页 首页 总目录 2.Why did Zeng Qiangfei become a volunteer when he grew up? A.Because he wanted local people to thank him. B.Because he was quite moved by Gan Yu’s story. C.Because he learned about volunteering at school. D.Because he was influenced greatly by volunteers.  题型二　阅读理解 返回首页 首页 总目录 2.D　根据“Zeng remembered seeing rescuers (救援者) and volunteers gather there to help.When he grew up,he became a volunteer himself.”可知,是因为他深受志愿者的影响,长大以后自己也成了一名志愿者。故选D。命题点:细节理解 题型二　阅读理解 返回首页 首页 总目录 3.Which one of the statements below is a fact according to the passage? A.Gan Yu is a hero like Lei Feng. B.Zeng Qiangfei is warm⁃hearted. C.Lei Feng’s hometown is in Hunan. D.Edginton is a “foreign Lei Feng”.  题型二　阅读理解 返回首页 首页 总目录 3.C　根据“This view is shared by a 56⁃year⁃old British man named James Elroy Edginton,who lives in Hunan,the hometown of Lei Feng.”可知,雷锋的故乡在湖南。故选C。命题点:细节理解 题型二　阅读理解 返回首页 首页 总目录 4.How does the writer support his idea? A By listing numbers. B.By giving examples. C.By making surveys. D.By asking questions.  题型二　阅读理解 返回首页 首页 总目录 4.B　本文通过例举三个人帮助他人的经历,介绍了“雷锋精神”。由此推断,作者通过举例来支撑自己的观点。故选B。命题点:写作手法 题型二　阅读理解 返回首页 首页 总目录 5.What’s the best title for the passage? A.The ways of helping others B.The spirit of Lei Feng never dies C.The stories of young heroes D.Chinese volunteers are everywhere  题型二　阅读理解 返回首页 首页 总目录 5.B　通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了“雷锋精神”和一些代表人物。选项B“雷锋精神永垂不朽”为最佳标题。故选B。命题点:标题归纳 题型二　阅读理解 返回首页 首页 总目录 (2023·南充C篇) Recently,a research on how a new virtual reality (VR虚拟现实) experience educated children about the fire disasters (灾害) was done.The new VR experience was developed by the University of South Australia,hoping to educate children to learn how to be safe in a fire.It presents a situation for children aged 10—12.In the situation,they are tasked to look after a friend’s dog just before a fire event begins.They take part in a set of problem⁃solving activities to help save and protect themselves and the dog. The findings showed that over 80% of children could calmly tell the advantages and disadvantages of different choices.They also learned to make 题型二　阅读理解 返回首页 首页 总目录 wise decisions to protect themselves from a fire.Children thought it especially important and meaningful,because 91% of them didn’t have knowledge of fires at the beginning, and 67% had said that they were too young to make safety decisions in a fire. The researchers believed such VR experiences made it possible to engage, educate and empower the young.“As children born in modern times,they are interested in such technology and they can experience events in a real situation yet within the safe environment,” said Delene Weber, one of the researchers. “Well⁃designed VR can provide children with surprisingly valuable learning tools.” Meanwhile, because children have fewer life experiences, aren’t as 题型二　阅读理解 返回首页 首页 总目录 physically strong,and are less likely to have learned much about fire safety, they’re often most at risk. However, the role that children play in the fire safety at their homes should not be underestimated (低估).“Children don’t need to be always waiting for help in disasters. With these VR experiences, we can make children understand the risks and realize they can help,” said Weber. 题型二　阅读理解 返回首页 首页 总目录 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种新型虚拟现实体验,可以帮助孩子们学会如何在火灾中避险求生,以及研究人员对VR体验的看法。 题型二　阅读理解 返回首页 首页 总目录 6.What’s the purpose of the new VR experience? A.To describe children’s reactions to fire disasters. B.To teach children to save themselves in a fire. C.To introduce ways of avoiding a fire to children. D.To increase children’s interest in VR experiences.  题型二　阅读理解 返回首页 首页 总目录 【解析】 6.B　根据“The new VR experience was developed by the University of South Australia,hoping to educate children to learn how to be safe in a fire.”可知,这种虚拟现实体验是希望能教育孩子们学习如何在火灾中保持安全。故选B。命题点:细节理解 题型二　阅读理解 返回首页 首页 总目录 7.From the findings, what’s the children’s attitude (态度) towards the new VR experience? A.Doubtful. B.Worried. C.Uncertain. D.Supportive.  题型二　阅读理解 返回首页 首页 总目录 7.D　根据“The findings showed that over 80% of children could calmly tell the advantages and disadvantages of different choices.They also learned to make wise decisions to protect themselves from a fire.Children thought it especially important and meaningful,because 91% of them didn’t have knowledge of fires at the beginning,and 67% had said that they were too young to make safety decisions in a fire.”可知,本段通过例举数据,介绍了很多孩子们认为这特别重要和有意义,应是持支持态度。故选D。命题点:推理判断 题型二　阅读理解 返回首页 首页 总目录 8.Which of the following in the dictionary best explains the underlined word “engage” in Para.3? A.① B.② C.③ D.④  engage /ɛn’geIdʒ/ verb en·gaged,en·gag·ing. ①to draw one’s attention and keep them interested ②to give somebody a job ③to begin fighting with somebody ④to fit one part of a machine into another so they can work 题型二　阅读理解 返回首页 首页 总目录 8.A　根据“The researchers believed such VR experiences made it possible to engage,educate and empower the young.‘As children born in modern times,they are interested in such technology and they can experience events in a real situation yet within the safe environment,’ said Delene Weber,one of the researchers.”可知,这种虚拟现实体验是想要年轻人去参与其中,并受到教育。划线词“engage”意为与A选项o draw one’s attention and keep them interested“吸引某人的注意力并保持他们的兴趣”意思相近。故选A。命题点:词义猜测 题型二　阅读理解 返回首页 首页 总目录 9.From Para.3,we mainly get to know the 　　　 of the new VR experience. A.Development B.Advantages C.Quality D.Introduction  题型二　阅读理解 返回首页 首页 总目录 9.B　根据“said Delene Weber,one of the researchers.‘Well⁃designed VR can provide children with surprisingly valuable learning tools.’”和“‘Children don’t need to be always waiting for help in disasters.With these VR experiences,we can make children understand the risks and realize they can help,’ said Weber.”可知,本段主要介绍了虚拟现实体验的益处。故选B。命题点:推理判断 题型二　阅读理解 返回首页 首页 总目录 10.According to the passage,which of the following is TRUE? A.Children make no difference in the fire safety at their homes. B.VR experiences are mainly designed for children in high school. C.Well⁃designed VR can offer children amazingly valuable learning tools. D.91% of children believed they weren’t old enough to make safety decisions.  题型二　阅读理解 返回首页 首页 总目录 10.C　根据“Well⁃designed VR can provide children with surprisingly valuable learning tools.”可知,精心设计的虚拟现实体验可以为孩子们提供非常有价值的学习工具。故选C。命题点:细节理解 题型二　阅读理解 返回首页 首页 总目录 细节理解题 此类试题针对文章中的细节(某一特定细节或若干个细节)而设计,难度较小。学生可根据题干中的关键词,寻找文章中的对应词,在对应词周围找答案或直接在文中搜索答案,对号入座。 题型二　阅读理解 返回首页 首页 总目录 解答此类试题,须在理解全文的基础上,从文章本身所提供的信息出发,运用逻辑思维,并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理。对于具体细节的推断,要抓住关键词语;对于文章出处的推断,要注意文章的用词和格式;对于作者的情感和态度的推断,要注意句子的语气、文章的论调。 推理判断题 题型二　阅读理解 返回首页 首页 总目录 做词义猜测题时,常用的技巧有:(1)利用构词法猜词;(2)利用同义词、近义词、反义词猜词;(3)利用上下文语境猜词;(4)利用定义和解释猜词;(5)利用例证猜词。 做句意猜测题时,先要返回原文定位画线句,利用语法和逻辑关系准确分析原句,再理解画线句的前后语境,合理推断句意,然后归纳总结,找出与原句意思完全吻合的选项。 词义/句意猜测 题型二　阅读理解 返回首页 首页 总目录 解答此类试题时,务必记住:原词永远出现在代词之前。因此,先要在代词前面的内容中搜索原词,再根据单复数一致和人称一致的语法原则分析选项,排除位置和语意不符的词汇,最后将所选的答案代入句中简单翻译,进行验证。 代词指代 题型二　阅读理解 返回首页 首页 总目录 此类试题需要根据句子提供的数据与文中其他信息的关系进行简单的计算。解题时,须弄清众多信息中哪些属于有用信息,哪些属于干扰信息;不要孤立地看待数字信息,还要抓住一些关键用语。 数字计算 题型二　阅读理解 返回首页 首页 总目录 解答此类试题,可用以下两种方法: (1)主旨推断法:写作目的是阐述作者为何要表达某个中心主题,因此可根据文章或段落的主旨推断作者的写作目的。 (2)文体推断法:不同体裁的文章有不同的写作目的,因此可根据文体的特点来推断。如议论文的写作目的是阐述论点;科普类说明文的写作目的是介绍科学知识。 写作意图 题型二　阅读理解 返回首页 首页 总目录 解答主旨大意题的关键在于寻找主题句。认真阅读文章的首尾段或每段的首尾句,主题句一般在段首或段尾。无明显主题句时找高频信息词,即文中反复出现的紧扣主题的中心词。记叙文通常没有主题句,需要根据文章所述内容进行归纳,最后概括出来的中心意思一定要涵盖全文或整个段落,切忌以偏概全或离题太远、太笼统。 主旨大意题的解题方法同样适用于标题归纳题,只不过标题更为短小精悍,提炼性更强。 主旨大意/标题归纳 题型二　阅读理解 返回首页 首页 总目录 此类试题目前多见于说明文和议论文,通常按段落的组织方法或者写作方法(论证方法)来考查学生对文章结构的理解。阅读篇章一般是“总分总”结构,而各选项的不同之处在于,支撑中心论点的要点及次要点的个数及其逻辑关系。因此,概括全文的主旨及各个段落的内容要点,分析它们相互之间的逻辑关系是解题的关键。 篇章结构 题型二　阅读理解 返回首页 首页 总目录 本讲内容结束 $$