高考复习：虚拟语气的用法 课件-2025届高三上学期英语二轮复习专项

Subjunctive mood 虚拟语气 1 01.虚拟语气的定义 虚拟语气 表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实 简而言之： 不是事实或可能性比较小的事情，就用虚拟语气来表示 虚拟语气常用于if条件状语从句中，也可以用于主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句中。‌   虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示，主要分为对现在、过去和将来的虚拟（或与事实情况相反）。 02.If虚拟语气的用法 If I had taken Wan’s advice in my childhood, I would not have made so many mistakes. 时间： in my childhood (过去) had taken would not have made If 引导的从句动词情况： 过去完成时 主句的动词情况： would have +过去分词 ▲______I taken Wan’s advice in my childhood, I would not have made so many mistakes. （如果if虚拟条件句中的谓语部分有had，通常省略if而将had提到句首变成倒装句） Had 例1： 1 .If I _____it with my own eyes , I wouldn’t have believed it. A . didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen 2. ________ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting. A. Did he catch B. should be catch C. has he caught D. Had he caught More practice √ √ If I were a bird now, I would be able to fly in the sky. would be were 时间：now (现在) If 引导的从句动词情况： 过去时 主句的动词情况： would +动词原形 例2： 紫霞说：如果不能跟我喜欢的人在一起的话，就算让我做玉皇大帝我也不会开心。 ☆If I ________(be) not able to live with the one who I love, I ____________(be) happy, even if I were the Heaven Emperor. were wouldn't be More practice If I saved a million some day, I would travel around the world. saved would travel If 引导的从句动词情况： 一般过去时 主句的动词情况： Would + 动词原形 时间： some day (将来) 例3： ★If God gave me another chance, I would say 3 words to her --- I love you. If our love had to be set a time limit , I wish it would be 10 thousand years. 至尊宝：如果上天能够给我一个再来一次的机会，我会对那个女孩子说三个字：我爱你。如果非要在这份爱上加上一个期限，我希望是--一万年! ★If God ________________ give me another chance, I would say 3 words to her --- I love you. ▲______God give/_________________ me another chance, I would say 3 words to her --- I love you. （如果if从句中有were或should，通常省略if而将were或should提到句首变成倒装句） were to / should Should Were God to give More practice 《假如给我三天光明》（节选）--海伦·凯勒 If I were given the use of my eyes, say for just three days. On the first day, I should want to see the people whose kindness and gentleness and companionship have made my life worth living. On my second day, I should like to see the pageant(盛会) of man’s progress, and I should go to the museums. I should try to probe into（探究） the soul of man through his art. The following morning, I should again greet the dawn, anxious to discover new delights, new revelations（发现）of beauty. 文学作品中虚拟语气的运用（欣赏） 可以找出虚拟语气的部分吗？ 对事实的假设 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 与过去事实相反 过去完成时 (had done) would/could/should/might+have done 与现在事实相反 一般过去时(be 动词用were) would /could/should/might+ do 与将来事实相反 一般过去时did （be 动词用were) Should +do Were to +do Would/could/should/might + do 总结： If引导的非真实条件句时，主从句谓语动词时态的变化规律： 13 03.错综时间条件句 如果他昨晚没有熬夜，他现在就不会如此疲倦。（stay up） If he had not stayed up last night, he would not be so sleepy now. 与过去相反 与现在相反 谓语动词时态 各自为准 If he had studied hard in school then, he could find a better job now. 错综时间条件句 翻译： 如果他那时在学校努力学习，他现在就能找到一份好工作了。 If he had studied hard in school then, he could find a better job now. If the mouse ________________________then, it _____________________now. hadn’t eaten all the grain The mouse ate all the grain then. That’s why it is trapped now. wouldn’t be trapped Game time Practice makes perfect Choose your favourite animal. If he _____________ (drive) more carefully, he _________________ (not have) the car accident yesterday. had driven would not have had 行车不规范，亲人两行泪！ 返回 If he had fininshed his homework on time yesterday, he would not have been punished by Ms Bai. Contrary to ______? the past 返回 1、---Mom, if I (be) you, I_____________(not ask) my son to study at weekends. ---Unfortunately, you are not. 2、If I (win) the lottery(彩票) this time, I (travel) around the world. were wouldn't ask won would travel 返回 If it _____ for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.  A. had not been  B. should not be  C.were not to be       D.should not have been 返回 Dentist: I'm sorry, Madam, but I shall have to charge you twenty dollars for pulling your boy's tooth. Women: Twenty dollars! Why，I understand you to say that you’ll charge only four dollars for such work! Dentist: Yes, if your son hadn’t yelled so terribly, I would have four other patients now. What does the dentist mean? A. The boy didn’t yell because he was brave. B. The dentist wants to ask for his loss. C. He will have four other patients. D. He has four other patients now. √ 返回 The farmer was bitten by the snake and died. If the famer ___________(not see) the snake, he _________________ (not put) it under his coat; if he __________ (not put) it under his coat, the snake ___________________ (not bite) him; if the snake____________ (not bite) him, he __________________(not die). hadn’t seen wouldn’t have put hadn’t put wouldn’t have bitten hadn’t bitten wouldn’t have died. 返回 Had they known what was coming next, they______ second thoughts.  A. may have     B. could have      C. must have      D. might have had 返回 14. If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he ________able to speak it much better now.    A. will be             B. would be         C. has been        D. would have been   返回 返回 Tom: Hi, Peter. Why do you look upset. What’s wrong? Peter: Jane refused to marry me. If she ____________ (accept ) me yesterday, I ________________(be) the happiest man. Tom: Cheer up, Peter! If I ______ (be) you, I ____________(send ) her another bunch of roses right now. Peter: Oh, yes! That‘s a good idea! Tom: May you succeed! Peter: Oh, Jane, please marry me!If you ___________________(marry) me tomorrow, you ___________(do) what you like. had accepted would have been were would send should marry/ were to marry/married could do 返回 Correct the mistakes in the sentence. Was it rain tomorrow, I would not go camping. Were it to rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. 返回 Little Robert asked his mother for two cents. “What did you do with the money I gave you yesterday?”, Mother asked. “I gave it to a poor old woman,” he answered. “You're a good boy,” said the mother proudly. “Here are two cents more. But why are you so interested in the old woman?” “If she had not been the one who sold the candy, I would not have given her my money and I would not be so interested in her.” he answered. What can we know from this passage? A. Robert paid the old woman for the candy. B. Robert was a good boy. C. The old woman gave Robert the candy for free. D. The old woman didn’t sell the candy. √ 返回 04. If 引导的状语从句 vs. If 引导的虚拟语气 If 引导的状语从句 vs. If 引导的虚拟语气 If 引导的条件状语从句 If it rains, I will stay at home. If I were you, I would put on my coat. 与事实相反，发生的概率极低 If 引导的虚拟语气 “主将从现” 如果下雨的话，我会待在家里。 主句使用将来时 if引导的从句使用一般现在时 如果我是你的话，我会穿上外套 summary (总结） 时态： 1. if引导的条件句遵循“主将从现”的原则，即 “主句用将来时，从句用现在时”； 2. 虚拟语气的时态会根据假设的时间进行调整； 区别主要在以下两点： 语气：1. if引导的条件句通常用于表达于真实的条件，可能发生的事实； 2. 虚拟语气则用于表达与事实相反或不太可能实现的假设，表达的是假设、愿望、建议等主观意愿，语气为虚拟语气。 判断下列句子是否是虚拟语气 If you behave well at school today, I will buy you a toy. 2. If you win the first place, I will award you $500. 3. If people drink too much coffee, they can’t sleep. 4. If people break the law, they will go to prison. 5. If I were a boy, I would be a policeman. 6. If I were to win a lot of money, I would buy you a house. 05.其他虚拟语气 3. as if /though 从句 2.wish 引导的宾语从句 4. would rather that 1.If only 6. 表示要求、命令、建议的从句 5. It’s (about/high) time that 其他虚拟语气 1.If only 要是…就好了 现在: did（were） 过去: had done 将来: would/could +V原. If only I had something to eat now! If only Granny had not passed away! If only the fire would never disappear! 2.wish 希望 现在: did（were） 过去: had done 将来: would/could +V原. I wish I had something to eat now! I wish Granny had not passed away! I wish the fire would never disappear! 3.as if 似乎，好像 现在: did（were） 过去: had done 将来: would/could +V原. She loves the baby as if it were her own son. He speaks as if he had been to the United States. Mrs. Smith is so sad as if she would die. 4.It’s (about/high) time +that+ 是时候做...啦 主语+did / should do 我该回家了。 It’s time that I went home. It’s time that I should go home. Cinderella 6.would rather + that 从句 宁愿... 现在：did 将来：did 过去：had done I would rather you took me away now. I would rather you stayed with me forever. I would rather you had never left me. but for +n,(要不是) without +n,(若没有) otherwise,(否则) in that case,(如果那样) 有时假设的情况不用条件句表达，而是用一些短语表示，相当于虚拟条件从句（if…）, 其后的句子与虚拟条件主句用法一致。 +句子 would/could/should/might +do would/could/should/might + have done 与现在/将来相反 与过去相反 7.含蓄虚拟语气 without， otherwise， as if， if only， but for ______________ the films, I wouldn’t know so much about history. Seeing the films, it is _____I went to those years…. Talking with my father, I know the Chinese people was so great, _________we couldn’t have defeated the Japanese. ______________the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, we wouldn’t lead a happy life now. ______there were no wars in the world. More practise：选词填空 Without/But for as if otherwise Without/But for If only 8.宾语从句中的虚拟语气 表示要求、命令、建议的从句中,谓语通常用“（should）+do ” 1). insist 2). order, command 3). advise/ suggest, propose/ recommend 4). demand, require, request, ask 常见动词: 一个坚持, 两个命令, 三个建议, 四个要求 It is suggested ( ordered, demanded, proposed, commanded, requested, desired, insisted, required ) + that 从句… ( should )+ do 9.主语从句中的虚拟语气 常应用于以下句型中： 10.表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气 这些动词的名词形式order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire后面的表语从句和同位语从句也要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用(should) + do eg: My suggestion is that we (should) do exercises first. More practise 1. If it __________(rain) tomorrow, the football match ______________(put off). 2. I wish I ___________ (study) hard while I was young. 3. It is about time that fence ____________ (mend). 4. The baby smiled as if he_________________ (understand) what his mother________ (say). 5. His suggestion that we ____________ (go）to Shanghai is wonderful. should rain would be put off had studied were mended had understood said should go 6. Mr. Jones would rather he ___________(stay) at home last night. 7. Without your help, we ___________________ (finish) the work ahead of time. 8. The teacher demanded that the classroom _________________ (clean) at once. 9. It is important that you _________________ (follow) directions. 10. Our only request is that this ________________ (settle) as soon as possible. (should) be cleaned (should) follow (should) be settled couldn't have finished had stayed 虚拟语气翻译练习： 1.如果没有挫折，我们的人生就不会充满精彩的故事。 2.要不是这次经历，我就不会意识到我应该花更多的时间和家人在一起。 3.是时候该采取措施减少交通事故，使我们的生活更安全了。 4.如果不是你修正和润色我的演讲，我就不会获一等奖。（Had置于句首） Without setbacks, our life would not be filled with wonderful stories. But for this experience, I wouldn't have realized that I should spend more time with my family. It’s time that we took measures to reduce road accidents and make our life safer. Had it not been for your correcting and polishing my speech, I'd not have won the first prize. Thank you 51 $$