必修第三册 Unit 2 Morals and Virtues (人与社会：美德与价值观)【同步拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高一英语单元阅读提升（人教版2019）

必修第三册Unit 2 Morals and Virtues （人教版2019） 人与社会：美德与价值观 单元引言解读 The best portion of a good man's life is his little, nameless, unremembered acts of kindness and of love. —William Wordsworth 释义：本单元的引言是英国诗人华兹华斯的《抒情歌谣集》(Lyrical Ballads)中的一句话，意为“一个好人一生最好的部分，是他细小的、无名的、不被人记得的出于善良和爱的行为。”此名言强调了美德往往“润物细无声”，体现在平凡生活的点滴之中，只有用心体会，才能发现道德和美德在社会生活中不可忽视的力量。 启示：华兹华斯的诗以描写自然风光、田园景色等闻名于世。文笔朴素清新、自然流畅，开创了新鲜活泼的浪漫主义诗风。华兹华斯在本书序言中详细阐述了浪漫主义新诗的理论。他的诗歌理论动摇了英国古典主义诗学的统治，有力地推动了英国诗歌的革新和浪漫主义运动的发展。 名言名句积累 人与社会：美德与价值观 1．As far as I'm concerned, to build a good relationship, we should trust each other first. 就我个人而言，要建立良好的关系，我们首先应该彼此信任。 2．As the old saying goes, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.” 常言道，“患难见真情。” 3．As we all know, making friends can help us establish good interpersonal relationships, and build a harmonious society. 众所周知，交友有助于我们建立良好的人际关系，也有利于构建和谐社会。 4．In my opinion, this relationship should be filled with love, care, understanding, and respect, so we can exchange ideas freely and get along well with each other. 我认为，这种关系应该充满爱、关心、理解和尊重，因此我们能够自由地交换观点，并且能够相处融洽。 5．It was your help and kindness that made my study and life in the UK special and enjoyable. 正是你的帮助和友好让我在英国的学习和生活既特别又快乐。 6．The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others. —Mahatma Gandhi 寻找自我存在的最好方法就是让自己忙于服务他人之中。 ——圣雄甘地 7．The superior man thinks always of virtue; the common man thinks of comfort. —Confucius 君子怀德，小人怀土。 ——孔子 时文拓展阅读 Study: Particles in Wildfire Smoke May Increase Dementia Risk A new study suggests that particles found in wildfire smoke could increase the risk of getting dementia. Dementia is a progressive brain condition that causes thinking problems and other health issues. There are several forms of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease. Researchers reported the new findings about wildfire smoke at the recent Alzheimer's Association International Conference in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The study centered on a substance called PM2.5. The substance is known as particulate matter, a mixture of small, solid particles and water droplets found in the air. PM2.5 particles are about 30 times smaller than a human hair. They can be breathed into the lungs and then move on to the blood stream. Existing evidence shows this kind of pollution – from traffic, factories and fires – can cause or worsen heart disease. The new study finds it could also raise dementia risks. Claire Sexton is the director of scientific programs for the Alzheimer's Association. She said in a statement the study shows that increasing wildfires, especially in the American west, are “an increasing threat to brain health.” Sexton added that the findings demonstrate “the importance of enacting policies to prevent wildfires and investigating better methods to address them.” Researchers from the University of Washington and the University of Pennsylvania carried out the study. They examined health records of 1.2 million older adults in Southern California between 2009 and 2019. The scientists used air quality monitoring and other data to estimate how much PM2.5 was released from wildfire smoke or other ways over three years. The study found the risk of being diagnosed with dementia increased about 21 percent for every 1 microgram increase in the concentration of wildfire particles. That compared with a 3 percent increased risk for every 3 microgram increase in non-wildfire particles. It is not clear why this difference exists. But with wildfires increasing, this issue needs more study, said Alzheimer's Association chief science officer Maria Carrillo. She said it is especially important because the risk of Alzheimer's – the most common form of dementia – is higher for lower-income populations who may have a harder time avoiding unhealthy air. Carrillo noted that health warnings urge staying indoors when air quality is poor. But she added, “there are a lot of people who don't have the option to stay home or they work outside.” 【译文欣赏】 研究：野火烟雾中的颗粒物可能会增加痴呆症的风险 一项新的研究表明，野火烟雾中发现的颗粒物可能会增加患痴呆症的风险。 痴呆症是一种渐进性的大脑疾病，会导致思维问题和其他健康问题。痴呆症有几种形式，包括阿尔茨海默病。 研究人员在最近于宾夕法尼亚州费城举行的阿尔茨海默氏症协会国际会议上报告了关于野火烟雾的新发现。 这项研究集中在一种名为PM2.5的物质上。这种物质被称为颗粒物，是空气中发现的小固体颗粒和水滴的混合物。 PM2.5颗粒物比人类头发小约30倍。它们可以被吸入肺部，然后进入血流。现有证据表明，这种污染——来自交通、工厂和火灾——会导致或加重心脏病。新的研究发现，它也可能增加痴呆症的风险。 克莱尔·塞克斯顿是阿尔茨海默氏症协会的科学项目主任。她在一份声明中说，这项研究表明，越来越多的野火，特别是在美国西部，“对大脑健康的威胁越来越大”。塞克斯顿补充说，这些发现表明“制定预防野火的政策并研究更好的方法来解决野火的重要性” 华盛顿大学和宾夕法尼亚大学的研究人员进行了这项研究。他们检查了2009年至2019年间南加州120万老年人的健康记录。科学家们使用空气质量监测和其他数据来估算三年内野火烟雾或其他方式释放的PM2.5量。 研究发现，野火颗粒浓度每增加1微克，被诊断为痴呆症的风险就会增加约21%。相比之下，非野火颗粒每增加3微克，风险就会增加3%。 目前尚不清楚为什么存在这种差异。但随着野火的增加，这个问题需要更多的研究，阿尔茨海默氏症协会首席科学官玛丽亚·卡里略说。她说，这一点尤为重要，因为阿尔茨海默氏症（最常见的痴呆症）的风险对于低收入人群来说更高，他们可能更难避免不健康的空气。 卡里略指出，健康警告敦促人们在空气质量差的时候呆在室内。但她补充道，“有很多人无法选择待在家里或在外面工作。” 【词汇积累】 ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 address - v. to think about a particular subject or issue and decide how you are going to deal with it 设法解决；处理；对付 monitor – v. to watch something carefully and record the results 监测 diagnose – v. to say what is wrong with a person who is sick 诊断 concentration – n. a large number or amount of something in the same place 集中 option – n. something that may be chosen 选择 demonstrate - v. to show Something clearly by giving proof or evidence证明；证实 Investigate - v. to carefully examine the facts of a situation, an event,a crime,etc. To find out the truth about it or how it happened调查；侦查 【知识拓展】 痴呆的常见病因包括以下几种： 阿尔茨海默病：这是痴呆最常见的病因，其发病机制尚不完全清楚，但与大脑中的β-淀粉样蛋白沉积、tau 蛋白异常等有关。血管性痴呆：通常是由于脑血管疾病，如中风、脑小血管病等，导致大脑供血不足，引起脑组织损伤和认知功能障碍。路易体痴呆：大脑中出现异常的路易小体，影响神经细胞功能。额颞叶痴呆：大脑额叶和颞叶的神经细胞受损。帕金森病痴呆：帕金森病患者在疾病进展过程中可能出现痴呆症状。 头部外伤：严重的头部创伤可能导致大脑结构和功能损伤，增加痴呆的风险。感染：某些感染，如脑炎、脑膜炎等，可能引发痴呆。维生素缺乏：如维生素 B12 缺乏，可影响神经系统功能。甲状腺功能减退：甲状腺激素水平异常可能影响大脑代谢和功能。长期酗酒：酒精对大脑的损害可能导致痴呆。遗传因素：某些基因突变或遗传因素可能增加痴呆的发病风险。例如，一位老年人如果长期患有高血压、高血脂等疾病，导致多次中风发作，就可能因脑血管受损而患上血管性痴呆。又比如，有家族遗传史的人，其患某些类型痴呆的概率可能相对较高。 【词汇延伸】 Dementia 痴呆；智力衰退；精神错乱 Alzheimer阿尔茨海默病 particulate matter颗粒物物质粒子；粒状物质 blood stream血流 solid particles固体颗粒固体粒子 综合实战演练 （一） （2022高三上·全国·专题练习）Ralph Emerson once said that the purpose of life is not to be happy, but to be useful, to be loving, to make some difference in he world. While we appreciate such words of wisdom, we rarely try to follow them in our lives. Most people prefer to live a good life themselves, ignoring their responsibilities for the world. This narrow perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits, but is sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering. A good life based on comfort and luxury may eventually lead to more pain be-cause we spoil our health and even our character, principles, ideals, and relationships. What then, is the secret of a good life? A good life is a process, not a state of being : a direction, not a destination. We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in return because their happiness is the very source of our own happiness. More importantly, we must know ourselves inside out. Only when we examine ourselves deeply can we discover our abilities and recognize our limitations, and then work accordingly to create a better world. The first requirement for a good life is having a loving heart. When we do certain right things merely as a duty, we find our job so tiresome that we’ll soon burn out. However, when we do that same job out of love, we not only enjoy what we do, but also do it with an effortless feeling. However, love alone is insufficient to lead a good life. Love sometimes blinds us to the reality. Consequently, our good intentions may not lead to good results. To achieve desired outcome, those who want to do good to others also need to equip themselves with accurate world knowledge. False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance. If love is the engine of a car knowledge is the steering wheel(方向盘). If the engine lacks power, the car can’t move; if the driver loses control of the steering, a road accident probably occurs. Only with love in heart and the right knowledge in mind can we lead a good life. With love and knowledge, we go all out to create a better world by doing good to others. When we see the impact of our good work on the world we give meaning to our life and earn lasting joy and happiness. 1．What effect does the narrow perception of a good life have on us? A．Making us simple-minded B．Making us short-sighted. C．Leading us onto a busy road. D．Keeping us from comfort and luxury. 2．According to the author, how can one gain true happiness? A．Through maintaining good health. B．By going through pain and suffering. C．By recognizing one’s abilities and limitations. D．Through offering help much needed by others. 3．According to Paragraph 4, doing certain right things with a loving heart makes one________. A．less selfish B．less annoying C．more motivated D．more responsible 4．In what case may good intentions fail to lead to desired results? A．When we have wrong knowledge of the world. B．When our love for the world is insufficient. C．When we are insensitive to dangers in life. D．When we stay blind to the reality. 5．According to Paragraph 5, life can be made truly good when ________. A．inspired by love and guided by knowledge B．directed by love and pushed by knowledge C．purified by love and enriched by knowledge D．promoted by love and defined by knowledge 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了美好生活的秘诀是什么。人生的目的不是生而快乐，而是生而有益。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“This narrow perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits, but is sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering.(这种对美好生活的狭隘看法可能会带来短期的好处，但肯定会导致长期的伤害和痛苦。)”可知，对美好生活的狭隘看法只能给我们带来短期的好处，所以时间长了会让我们目光短浅、短视。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in return because their happiness is the very source of our own happiness.(我们必须先为他人服务而不求回报，因为他人的幸福是我们自己幸福的源泉。)”可知，我们能够从帮助他人获得真正的幸福。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“However, when we do that same job out of love, we not only enjoy what we do, but also do it with an effortless feeling.(然而，当我们出于热爱做同样的工作时，我们不仅享受我们做的事情，而且也享受那种毫不费力的感觉。)”可知，带着热爱去做事会让人更加享受做这件事情；越享受做某件事，做事越有动力。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance.(虚假的知识比无知更危险。)”可以推测出，当我们对世界有错误的认识的时候，就算意图良好，也可能导致不好的、违背预期的结局。故选A项。 5．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“With love and knowledge, we go all out to create a better world by doing good to others.(带着爱和知识，我们全力以赴，通过对他人做好事来创造一个更美好的世界。)”可知，有爱和知识，生活就会变得更美好。故选A项。 ( 文体特征 ：议论文是运用逻辑推理和证明来阐述某一观点看法和主张的文体。这类文章或从正面提出某种见解，或驳斥别人的错误观点，以说服读者同意自己的观点为主要目的。议论文的内容主要由两部分组成：论点和论据。 语言风格 ：议论文说理性强，语言庄重，逻辑缜密，常用难词、长句和复杂句。 议论文的主要结构有三类： 　　结构一：正方（甲方），反方（乙方），我认为…… 　　结构二：提出问题，分析问题，解决问题。 　　结构三：论点，理由（证据），重申论点。 善辨结构 议论文无论长短，一定会有论点和论据两大要素。但其内部结构一般是总分总或总分。如果考生在阅读时能分辨议论文的基本结构，厘清各个段落的作用，就不难理解全文了。 抓论点，抓结构 　阅读议论文，只要抓住了观点，就把握了文章中心。如果再结合作为论据的诸多事例和理由之间以及它们和观点/结论之间的内在联系，就能厘清文章的结构。 　　议论文的作者在写作时一般是开门见山，在文章的开头就亮出自己的观点。但是我们要特别注意到作者表达自己的论点也并不一定是在第一句。有的在段落中，有的在段落的末尾，特别要留意有however等表示转折的词语后有可能是作者提出的论点。因此，阅读中会抓论点是做好议论文阅读的一个先决条件。 　　一般来说，论据在议论文中占据大部分篇幅。有可能一段话有一个论据，也有可能一段话有多个论据。这就需要考生在阅读中细心寻找。 ) ( We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in return because their happiness is the very source of our own happiness. We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in return中by first serving others是介词短语做方式状语，without any expectation in return是without引导的状语，意为：我们要想过上好日子，首先要不求回报地为他人服务； ② because their happiness is the very source of our own happiness.是because引导的原因状语从句，of our own happiness.是介词短语做source的后置定语，意为：因为他们的幸福就是我们自己幸福的源泉； 翻译： 我们首先必须通过为他人服务来获得美好的生活，而不求任何回报，因为他们的幸福就是我们自己幸福的源泉。 ) ( responsibility （n. 责任；职责） perception （n. 看法；理解） benefit （n. 益处；好处 v. 有益于；受益） destination （n. 目的地；终点） requirement （n. 要求；必要条件） c onsequently （ adv . 因此 ； 结果 ） l uxury（n.奢华；奢侈品） S hort-term （adj.短期的） short-sighted （adj.目光短浅的） burn out (燃尽；耗尽；筋疲力尽) steering wheel(方向盘) p urify （ v.净化 ） spoil（v. 破坏；毁掉；溺爱） inside out （彻底地；全面地） ) 全文翻译 拉尔夫·爱默生曾说过，生活的目的不是为了快乐，而是为了有用，为了爱，为了在世界上有所作为。虽然我们欣赏这些智慧的话语，但我们很少在生活中遵循它们。 大多数人更喜欢自己过上美好的生活，忽视了自己对世界的责任。这种对美好生活的狭隘看法可能会带来短期的好处，但肯定会导致长期的伤害和痛苦。基于舒适和奢侈的美好生活最终可能会导致更多的痛苦，因为我们破坏了我们的健康，甚至破坏了我们自己的性格、原则、理想和关系。 那么，美好生活的秘诀是什么？美好的生活是一个过程，而不是一种存在状态：一个方向，而不是目的地。我们必须通过首先服务他人而不期望任何回报来获得美好的生活，因为他们的幸福是我们自己幸福的源泉。更重要的是，我们必须从内到外了解自己。只有当我们深入审视自己时，我们才能发现自己的能力，认识到自己的局限性，然后相应地努力创造一个更美好的世界。 美好生活的首要条件是拥有一颗充满爱的心。当我们把做某些正确的事情仅仅作为一种责任时，我们会发现我们的工作很无聊，很快就会精疲力竭。然而，当我们出于爱而做同样的工作时，我们不仅享受我们所做的事情，而且以一种轻松的感觉去做。 然而，仅靠爱不足以过上美好的生活。爱有时会让我们对现实视而不见。因此，我们的良好意愿可能不会带来好的结果。为了达到预期的结果，那些想为他人做好事的人也需要掌握准确的世界知识。虚假的知识比无知更危险。如果爱是汽车的引擎，知识就是方向盘。如果引擎没有动力，汽车就无法行驶；如果驾驶员失去对转向的控制，可能会发生交通事故。只有心中有爱，心中有正确的知识，我们才能过上美好的生活。 带着爱和知识，我们全力以赴，通过善待他人来创造一个更美好的世界。当我们看到我们的好工作对世界的影响时，我们赋予了我们的生活意义，并获得了持久的快乐和幸福。 （二） （23-24高二下·江西·期末）Looking for meaningful volunteer opportunities in wildlife conservation? Check out these exciting programs! Animal Wildlife Rescue 1-12 weeks, Age 16-50+ We need passionate volunteers at Rescue Center Costa Rica to care for our injured and displaced animals, including monkeys, sloths, kinkajous, coatis, and exotic birds. Your kindness and generosity are essential for us to continue our missions of rescue, rehabilitation, and release. Sloth Monitoring and Turtle Conservation 2-28 weeks, Age 18-50+ Join us in Quepos to conserve sloths and turtles. We care for sea turtles, rescue their eggs, protect them until they hatch, and release them into the sea. We also gather scientific data and treat any wounds. Animal Keeper Assistant 1-50 weeks, Age 18-50+ Help the animal keepers provide the best care to animals in need and make a significant impact on conservation. Work hands-on with diverse wildlife in Costa Rica and learn about animal care. The shelter receives over 1500 rescue animals annually, requiring extensive work and crucial decisions to return them to nature. Big 5 Monitoring, Conservation, Sustainable Living 2-12 weeks, Age 18-50+ The LEO Africa research project aims to provide park wardens and ecologists with detailed wildlife information in Abelana Game Reserve. This data helps evaluate the impact of re-introduced animals and maintain balanced, sustainable ecosystems. LEO Africa is funded solely by volunteers, with all contributions supporting the project’s operations. 6．What will volunteers mainly do at the Rescue Center Costa Rica? A．Protect turtles. B．Look after animals. C．Assist professionals. D．Collect data from injured animals. 7．In which program will volunteers work as an aid? A．Animal wildlife rescue. B．Sloth monitoring and turtle conservation. C．Animal keeper assistant. D．Big 5 monitoring, conservation, sustainable living. 8．What do the four programs have in common? A．They all involve teaching. B．They all require a minimum age of 16. C．They all focus on animal conservation. D．They all take place in the same continent. 【答案】6．B 7．C 8．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个与野生动物保护有关的志愿者活动。 6．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“We need passionate volunteers at Rescue Center Costa Rica to care for our injured and displaced animals, including monkeys, sloths, kinkajous, coatis, and exotic birds. (我们需要哥斯达黎加救援中心充满激情的志愿者来照顾我们受伤和流离失所的动物，包括猴子、树懒、扭结猴、科蒂斯和珍奇鸟类。)”可知，志愿者在哥斯达黎加救援中心主要是负责照顾受伤和无家可归的动物们。故选B项。 7．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Help the animal keepers provide the best care to animals in need and make a significant impact on conservation. (帮助动物饲养员为有需要的动物提供最好的照顾，并对保护产生重大影响。)”可知，动物饲养员助理这个职务的志愿者需要提供援助，去帮助动物饲养员给那些需要帮助的动物们提供最佳护理。故选C项。 8．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Looking for meaningful volunteer opportunities in wildlife conservation? Check out these exciting programs! (在野生动物保护领域寻找有意义的志愿者机会？看看这些令人兴奋的节目！)”可知，文章介绍了四个与野生动物保护有关的志愿者活动。也就是说文章中这四个活动都与野生动物保护有关。故选C项。 （三） （23-24高一下·辽宁大连·期末）The founder of Earth Day was Gaylord Nelson, then a U.S. Senator (参议员). During the late 1960s, Americans experienced the unexpected side effects of high productivity of industry. Factories were giving out smoke while leaded petrol were used for vehicles, making air pollution increasingly severe. What moved Senator Nelson to action was the 1969 massive oil spill (溢出) in California, which had killed about 3,500 sea birds, besides sea animals like dolphins and seals, causing great public anger. Inspired by the student antiwar movement at that time, Nelson found it a proper time to channel the energy of the students towards a fight for environmental protection. And the sure-fire way was through public pressure. Thus Earth Day was born in 1970, and public environmental awareness took center stage. On 22nd April 1970, millions of Americans took to the streets to demonstrate for a sustainable environment and thousands of students marched against the worsening environment. Different groups were now working together for a shared goal — environmental conservation and the effort became effective. The government took tougher measures and affected businesses were forced to follow standards. As environmental issues were not just localized ones but a global concern, the year 1990 saw Earth Day reach out to many more around the world. Earth Day 1990 helped pave the way for the 1992 United Nations Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, bringing together many nations for a joint effort towards protecting the environment. For his role as founder of Earth Day, Senator Nelson was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom (1995), the highest honour in the USA, by then US President Clinton. We salute (致敬) the man, as the fight for cleaner environment continues. 9．What motivated Senator Nelson to start Earth Day? A．High productivity of industry. B．Increasingly severe air pollution. C．The 1969 oil spill in the USA． D．The students’ involvement in war. 10．What played an essential role in the birth of Earth Day? A．Students’ movement. B．Strict regulations. C．Government’s measures. D．Public pressure. 11．In which year did Earth Day start to draw the world’s attention? A．1970. B．1990. C．1992. D．1995. 12．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．The establishment of Earth Day. B．The effort of going green globally. C．Fighting for cleaner environment. D．Honoring the founder of Earth Day. 【答案】9．C 10．D 11．B 12．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了地球日创始人盖洛德•尼尔森创办地球日的由来，以及为提高公众保护环境意识、为保护地球所作出的贡献。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“What moved Senator Nelson to action was the 1969 massive oil spill in California (促使参议员尼尔森采取行动的是1969年加州发生的大规模石油泄漏)”可知，1969年美国加州的石油泄漏事件促使参议员尼尔森采取行动创办了地球日。故选C项。 10．细节理解题。根据第二段中“And the sure-fire way was through public pressure. Thus Earth Day was born in 1970, and public environmental awareness took center stage.(而确保成功的方法是通过公众的压力。于是，1970年地球日诞生了，公众环保意识成为了中心议题)”可知，在地球日的诞生过程中，公众压力起到了至关重要的作用。故选D项。 11．细节理解题。根据第四段中“As environmental issues were not just localized ones but a global concern, the year 1990 saw Earth Day reach out to many more around the world.(由于环境问题不仅仅是局部问题，而是一个全球性的问题，1990年，地球日吸引了世界各地更多人的关注)”可知，地球日在1990年开始引起全世界的关注。故选B项。 12．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中“The founder of Earth Day was Gaylord Nelson, then a U.S. Senator (参议员). (地球日的创始人是盖洛德·纳尔逊，当时他是美国参议员)”、第二段中“ Thus Earth Day was born in 1970, and public environmental awareness took center stage.(于是，1970年地球日诞生了，公众的环保意识占据了舞台的中心)”和最后一段中“For his role as founder of Earth Day, Senator Nelson was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom (1995), the highest honour in the USA, by then US President Clinton. We salute (致敬) the man, as the fight for cleaner environment continues.(由于他作为地球日的创始人，纳尔逊参议员被当时的美国总统克林顿授予总统自由勋章(1995)，这是美国的最高荣誉。我们向他致敬，为更清洁的环境而战。)”可知，文章主要介绍了地球日创始人盖洛德•尼尔森创办地球日的由来，以及为共同努力保护环境所作出的贡献；由此可知，本文的主旨是纪念地球日的创始人Gaylord Nelson，D项“Honoring the founder of Earth Day(纪念地球日的创始人)”符合本文主旨。故选D项。 （四） （23-24高一下·福建宁德·阶段练习）“Colour” and “color” , “favourite” and “favorite” , “honour” and “honor” …Have you ever wondered why Americans spell those words without a “u”? Is it because they are lazy? Of course not. In fact, the difference in spelling was started by Noah Webster (1758-1843). He was a teacher who reformed (改革) English to make American identity (特征) stronger. Linguists (语言学家) celebrate his birthday on October 16 every year. After the Revolutionary War (1775-1783), Webster believed that Americans should have their own dictionary, rather than rely on British dictionaries. He dropped the British “u” in some words. And he changed “centre” into “center” for children to learn English by spelling words more like what they sounded. He used “subway” instead of British word “underground”. Some other examples are “soccer” and “football”, “fall” and “autumn”. Webster wasn’t shy about expressing his opinions. In defining (定义) preposterous (unreasonable), he wrote: “A republican government in the hands of female is preposterous.” Webster spent 28 years on the project before completing the 70,000-word dictionary with his American-style spelling in 1828. He also added local words. His dictionary was widely used in schools. Linguists believed it helped a new country achieve unity (统一) and cultural independence at a time when most people cared about political freedom. “He was the creator of our language and the creator of American identity,” said Joshua Kendall, who is working on a book about Webster. “He at last brought us together through our language.” 13．What does the underlined phrase “rely on” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．depend on. B．believe. C．endure. D．abandon. 14．Which is NOT true about Webster’s dictionary? A．It has local words in it. B．It is a 70,000-word dictionary. C．All the words are spelled without “u”. D．Its words are in American-style spelling. 15．What do people think of Webster’s dictionary? A．It is the only dictionary that Americans still use today. B．It helped to bring Americans together besides its cultural influence. C．It has no influence on the development of American English. D．It helped to make American English more useful than British English. 16．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．The development of the British English. B．American English is better than British English. C．Noah Webster added local words to the dictionary. D．Noah Webster wrote an American English dictionary and reformed English. 【答案】13．A 14．C 15．B 16．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美式英语实际上是由诺亚·韦伯斯特开启的，他编写了一本美式英语词典，改变了一些英式英语的拼写和表达，让当时的美国人拥有了自己的词典，加强了美国人对于自己文化和身份的认同感，促进了美国的团结统一。 13．词句猜测题。根据划线词的上文“After the Revolutionary War (1775-1783), Webster believed that Americans should have their own dictionary (独立战争（1775-1783）后，韦伯斯特认为美国人应该有自己的词典)”和下文“He dropped the British “u” in some words. And he changed “centre” into “center” for children to learn English by spelling words more like what they sounded. He used “subway” instead of British word “underground”. (他在一些单词中省略了英式的u。他把centre改成了center，让孩子们通过拼写更接近发音的单词来学习英语。他用subway代替了英国的underground)”可知，韦伯斯特编写该词典是在美国独立战争后，是为了让美国人拥有自己的词典，词典中的一些单词与英式英语不同。由此推知，他希望美国人在词典这方面能够独立，不依赖英式词典，划线词意思应该是“依赖”。故选A项。 14．细节理解题。根据第二段中“He dropped the British “u” in some words. (他在一些单词中省略了英式的u。)”以及第四段“Webster spent 28 years on the project before completing the 70,000-word dictionary with his American-style spelling in 1828. He also added local words. (韦伯斯特花了28年的时间才在1828年完成了这部7万词的美式拼写词典。他还加入了当地的词汇)”可知，韦伯斯特词典中包含当地词汇，有7万词，且单词是美式拼写，把一些英式英语中的字母u省掉；C项“所有单词的拼写都没有u”不符合文意。故选C项。 15．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Linguists believed it helped a new country achieve unity (统一) and cultural independence at a time when most people cared about political freedom. (语言学家认为，在大多数人关心政治自由的时候，它帮助一个新国家实现了统一和文化独立)”和最后一段““He was the creator of our language and the creator of American identity,” said Joshua Kendall, who is working on a book about Webster. “He at last brought us together through our language.” (正在撰写一本关于韦伯斯特的书的约书亚·肯德尔说：‘他是我们语言的创造者，也是美国身份的创造者。他最终通过我们的语言让我们走到了一起。’)”可知，人们认为这部词典具有文化影响，并且帮助美国人团结起来，实现了身份的独立。故选B项。 16．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段引出韦伯斯特开启了美式英语的拼写，第二至四段主要介绍了他编写词典的目的和词典的情况，第五和六段说明了这本词典的影响力。由此可知，D项“诺亚·韦伯斯特写了一本美式英语词典，改革了英语”契合文章大意。故选D项。 （五） （23-24高二下·河南开封·期中）How Can Volunteering Help You Get a Good Job? Sometimes, by giving just a little, you can get a lot back in return. This couldn’t ring more true for volunteering. Here are just some of the things volunteering can do for your employ ability. 17 Employers like to see evidence of practical work experience on your CV (简历) — it tells them that you have the soft skills needed to work as part of a team and are able to handle responsibility. So, if the “work experience” section of your CV is: looking a little bare, volunteering is a great way to flesh it out. Even if the role isn’t super relevant to the job you want after university, so long as there are transferable (可迁移的) skills, it will be valuable for your CV. Introduce you to new people If you are volunteering in the sector you want to eventually work in, it will be a great way for you to network with people who have already broken into the field. 18 . They’d also make great references to refer future employers to. Help you develop valuable skills 19 , but getting hands-on experience is key to really being able to transition into employment smoothly. Lectures and seminars can’t really teach you personal skills like leadership, time management, how to best communicate with colleagues or how to act in a professional manner, which are all valuable to employers. 20 Boost your confidence You’ll experience so many personal benefits from helping the community or lending a hand for a worthwhile project. 21 . All of this-as well as the practical experience itself-will boost your confidence, meaning you can approach job applications and interviews with renewed courage and belief in yourself. A．Improve your CV B．Update your interview skills C．Volunteering is a great way to push you ahead D．University prepares you for work academically E．Volunteering can help you develop all of these and plenty more F．It can help give you a fresh sense of purpose and make you feel valued G．Use the opportunity to pick their brains, get insider advice and find out job opportunities 【答案】17．A 18．G 19．D 20．E 21．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了志愿活动对就业有好处的几个方面。 17．此处缺少小标题。根据下文中的“Employers like to see evidence of practical work experience on your CV(简历) — it tells them that you have the soft skills needed to work as part of a team and are able to handle responsibility. So, if the “work experience” section of your CV is: looking a little bare, volunteering is a great way to flesh it out.(雇主喜欢在你的简历上看到实际工作经验的证据。这告诉他们，你具备作为团队成员工作所需的软技能，能够承担责任。所以，如果你简历中的“工作经验”部分是：看起来有点裸露，志愿服务是充实它的好方法。)”可知，本段主要叙述了志愿者的经历能够帮助你丰富简历，故A项“改善你的简历”适合作本段小标题。故选A。 18．根据空前“If you are volunteering in the sector you want to eventually work in, it will be a great way for you to network with people who have already broken into the field.(如果你在你想最终工作的行业做志愿者，这将是你与已经进入该领域的人建立联系的好方法。)”及空后“They’d also make great references to refer future employers to.(他们也会为未来的雇主提供很好的参考。)”可知，空处应讲述这些已经进入该领域的人对你能够提供的帮助，G项“利用这个机会向他们讨教，听取内部人士的建议，并了解工作机会”符合题意。故选G。 19．根据空后“but getting hands-on experience is key to really being able to transition into employment smoothly(但获得实践经验是真正能够顺利过渡到就业岗位的关键)”可知，空后强调了实践经验的重要性，前后之间是转折关系，再结合下句“Lectures and seminars can’t really teach you personal skills like leadership, time management, how to best communicate with colleagues or how to act in a professional manner, which are all valuable to employers.(讲座和研讨会并不能真正教会你个人技能，比如领导力、时间管理、如何最好地与同事沟通或如何以专业的方式行事，这些对雇主来说都很有价值。)”可知，空处讲述的内容应与学校学习有关，D项“大学为你的学业做好了准备”符合题意。故选D。 20．根据本段小标题“Help you develop valuable skills(帮助你发展有价值的技能)”及空前“Lectures and seminars can’t really teach you personal skills like leadership, time management, how to best communicate with colleagues or how to act in a professional manner, which are all valuable to employers.(讲座和研讨会并不能真正教会你个人技能，比如领导力、时间管理、如何最好地与同事沟通或如何以专业的方式行事，这些对雇主来说都很有价值。)”可知，空处应讲述志愿活动可以帮助获得讲座和研讨会不能做到的东西，E项“志愿活动可以帮助你发展所有这些甚至其他更多的技能”符合题意，all of these指代上文中的“personal skills like leadership, time management, how to best communicate with colleagues or how to act in a professional manner”。故选E。 21．根据空前“You’ll experience so many personal benefits from helping the community or lending a hand for a worthwhile project.(你会从帮助社区或帮助一个有价值的项目中获得很多个人利益。)”及空后“All of this-as well as the practical experience itself-will boost your confidence, meaning you can approach job applications and interviews with renewed courage and belief in yourself.(所有这些以及实践经验本身都会增强你的信心，这意味着你可以以新的勇气和对自己的信念来处理求职和面试。)”可知，空处应讲述志愿活动给你带来的心理上的好处，F项“它能给你一种全新的使命感，让你觉得自己被重视了”符合题意。故选F。 （六） （23-24高一下·河北邯郸·期中）Traveling to a farm and spending several hours a day getting your hands dirty might sound like an unusual way to spend a vacation. WWOOF, or “Worldwide Opportunities on Organic Farms”, is an organization that helps travelers go on “volunteering vacations” on organic farms. The idea is simple: travelers volunteer on farms for around four to six hours a day in exchange for free accommodation and meals. The duration (时长) of “vacation” could be a few days or a few weeks. Volunteers may be given different tasks, based on the type of farm they’re on. These may include things like gardening, cutting wood, feeding animals, or even making cheese or wine. But “WWOOFing” is about more than that. The aim is for travelers and farmers to take part in a cultural and educational exchange, while helping people spend time in nature. At least, that’s what Sue Coppard had in mind when she started the organization. In 1971, Coppard was working as a secretary in London, but she wanted to spend more time in the countryside. So, she thought it might be a good idea to stay and work on a farm. And since she worried that she would be lonely, she asked others to join her. After a successful trial weekend at a farm in Sussex, England, with 15 volunteers, more people started showing interest in working on farms, and more organic farmers said they were willing to host workers. Today, it’s possible to go WWOOFing in more than 130 countries, according to the website. You don’t need any farming experience—just a positive attitude and a willingness to learn! 22．What can we know about WWOOF? A．It offers flexible length of holiday. B．It was set up by an experienced farmer. C．It focuses on farming in the same way. D．It is an organization to help people in need. 23．What could we do as a WWOOF volunteer? A．Enjoy urban scenery. B．Do some farm-related work. C．Raise animals for money. D．Protect the environment on the farm. 24．Why did Sue Coppard set up WWOOF? A．She was interested in organic farming. B．She felt lonely every now and then. C．She was tired of being a secretary. D．She loved to get close to nature. 25．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To promote organic farming. B．To share experiences about farming. C．To introduce a new way of spending vacation. D．To advertise cultural and educational exchange. 【答案】22．A 23．B 24．D 25．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界有机农场机会组织（WWOOF），这是一个让旅行者在有机农场进行志愿假期的地方，旅行者每天在农场做四到六小时的志愿工作，以换取免费住宿和膳食。此外，文章还介绍了具体的志愿工作内容、组织的创立目的和参与条件等信息。 22．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The duration (时长) of “vacation” could be a few days or a few weeks. (“假期”的持续时间可以是几天或几周)”可知，世界有机农场机会组织提供的假期长度很灵活。故选A项。 23．细节理解题。根据第三段中“These may include things like gardening, cutting wood, feeding animals, or even making cheese or wine. (这些可能包括园艺、砍柴、喂养动物，甚至是制作奶酪或葡萄酒)”可知，作为世界有机农场机会组织的志愿者，我们可以做一些与农场有关的工作。故选B项。 24．推理判断题。根据第四段中“The aim is for travelers and farmers to take part in a cultural and educational exchange, while helping people spend time in nature. (目的是让旅行者和农民参与文化和教育交流，同时帮助人们在大自然中度过时光)”和第五段中“At least, that’s what Sue Coppard had in mind when she started the organization. In 1971, Coppard was working as a secretary in London, but she wanted to spend more time in the countryside. (至少，这是Sue Coppard创立这个组织时的想法。1971年，Coppard在伦敦做秘书，但她想花更多的时间在乡下)”可知，Sue Coppard创立该组织是想帮助人们在大自然中度过时光，她喜欢花更多的时间在乡下。由此可知，她创立该组织的原因是喜欢亲近大自然。故选D项。 25．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Traveling to a farm and spending several hours a day getting your hands dirty might sound like an unusual way to spend a vacation. (去农场旅行，每天花几个小时弄脏你的手，听起来像是一种不寻常的度假方式)”可知，文章围绕世界有机农场机会组织（WWOOF）展开，介绍了这一特殊的度假方式的运作模式、具体的志愿工作内容、组织的创立目的和参与条件等信息。因此，文章的目的是介绍一种新的度假方式。故选C项。 （七） 完形填空 （23-24高一下·福建福州·期中）In 2017, Barbara and Jean decided to spread the holiday spirit with Christmas gifts. Little did they know that this simple act of kindness would develop into a heartwarming tradition and, 26 , the creation of their nonprofit organization, Resident’s Hope. In their first year, they spent around $120 to provide Christmas gifts for 13 individuals at Nurses Helping Hands. The joy and 27 they witnessed inspired them to 28 a more ambitious mission—to bring the 29 of Christmas to as many nursing home residents as possible. Fast forward to Christmas Day in 2022, and the dynamic two 30 an incredible milestone. Through their nonprofit Resident’s Hope, they had the privilege of serving over 400 individuals across five different nursing home facilities. The 31 growth of their initiative (行动) was a 32 to their consistent commitment to making a positive impact on the lives of those often 33 during the holiday season. This heartwarming success pushed Barbara and Jean to take their mission to the next level. In July 2023, they 34 founded Resident’s Hope as a nonprofit organization. Their 35 initiative, the Christmas Giving event, became the driving force behind their cause. “Our organization 36 to nursing home facilities, shops for personalized gifts, elegantly wraps them with their signature bow, and ensures 37 delivery so that residents can enjoy Christmas presents,” the founders 38 . Resident’s Hope has become a 39 for seniors in nursing homes, offering not just gifts, but a sense of community and connection during the holiday season. The organization’s impact continues to grow, and the founders are determined to make each Christmas brighter for those who may otherwise be 40 . 26．A．probably B．entirely C．obviously D．ultimately 27．A．curiosity B．gratitude C．commitment D．sympathy 28．A．sum up B．kick off C．cut in D．find out 29．A．custom B．celebration C．magic D．routine 30．A．achieved B．described C．searched D．designed 31．A．past B．reliable C．equal D．sharp 32．A．way B．chance C．demonstration D．challenge 33．A．deserted B．ignored C．stressed D．received 34．A．officially B．fortunately C．casually D．exactly 35．A．casual B．temporary C．typical D．spiritual 36．A．reaches out B．moves on C．passes down D．gives in 37．A．urgent B．daily C．timely D．direct 38．A．shared B．remarked C．agreed D．assessed 39．A．need B．talent C．reason D．hope 40．A．cheered B．praised C．abandoned D．forgotten 【答案】 26．D 27．B 28．B 29．C 30．A 31．D 32．C 33．B 34．A 35．C 36．A 37．C 38．A 39．D 40．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。2017年，芭芭拉和珍决定用圣诞礼物来传播节日精神。这个简单的善举发展成了一种暖心的传统，最终，他们成立了非营利组织“居民的希望”。该组织的影响力持续增长，创始人决心让那些可能被遗忘的人的每个圣诞节都更加光明。 26．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们没有想到，这个简单的善举会发展成一种暖心的传统，最终，他们的非营利组织“居民的希望”成立了。A. probably很可能地；B. entirely完全地；C. obviously明显地；D. ultimately最终地。根据下文“In July 2023, they ____9____ founded Resident’s Hope as a nonprofit organization.”可知，最终，她们的非营利组织“居民的希望”成立了。故选D。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们目睹的喜悦和感激激励着他们去寻找一个更雄心勃勃的使命——把圣诞节的魔力带给尽可能多的养老院居民。A. curiosity好奇心；B. gratitude感谢；C. commitment承诺，保证；D. sympathy同情。根据最后一段中的“offering not just gifts”和相关阐述可知，他们给养老院的老人送礼物，可推断他们目睹了喜悦和感激之情，这激励她们继续做好事。故选B。 28．考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. sum up总结；B. kick off开始；C. cut in插话；D. find out发现。根据下文“to bring the ____4____ of Christmas to as many nursing home residents as possible”可知，目睹的喜悦和感激之情，激励着她们开始了一项更雄心勃勃的使命。故选B。 29．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. custom风俗；B. celebration庆祝；C. magic魔力；D. routine例行公事。根据下文“offering not just gifts, but a sense of community and connection during the holiday season”可知，他们把圣诞节的魔力带给尽可能多的养老院的老人。故选C。 30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：快进到2022年的圣诞节，这两个充满活力的人取得了令人难以置信的里程碑。A. achieved获得；B. described描述；C. searched搜寻；D. designed设计。根据上文的“Fast forward to Christmas Day in 2022”和下文的对非营利组织“居民的希望”的正式成立的阐述可知，2022年的圣诞节，这两人取得了令人难以置信的里程碑式成绩。只有achieve可与milestone搭配。故选A。 31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们的倡议行动的急剧成长证明了他们一贯致力于对那些在假期期间经常被忽视的人的生活产生积极影响。A. past过去的；B. reliable可靠的；C. equal平等的；D. sharp急剧的。根据上文“for 13 individuals”和“serving over 400 individuals across five different nursing home facilities”可知，他们的行动在急剧成长。故选D。 32．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. way方法；B. chance机会；C. demonstration证明；D. challenge挑战。根据上文“to bring the ____4____ of Christmas to as many nursing home residents as possible”可知，他们为5家不同养老院的400多名老人提供服务，他们的行为证明了他们坚定不移的承诺。故选C。 33．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. deserted舍弃；B. ignored忽视；C. stressed强调；D. received接收。根据上文“to as many nursing home residents as possible”和生活常识可知，养老院的老人在节日期间经常被忽视。故选B。 34．考查副词词义辨析。句意：2023年7月，他们成立了一个非营利组织“居民的希望”。A. officially官方地，正式的；B. fortunately幸运地；C. casually随意地；D. exactly确切地。根据上文“This heartwarming success pushed Barbara and Jean to take their mission to the next level.”可知，芭芭拉和珍将自己的使命提升到了一个新的水平，他们正式成立了非营利组织“居民的希望”。故选A。 35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们极具代表性的活动——圣诞节捐赠活动，成为他们事业的推动力。A. casual随意的；B. temporary短暂的；C. typical具有代表性的，典型的；D. spiritual精神的。根据下文“the Christmas Giving event”可知，圣诞节捐赠活动是她们极具代表性的活动。故选C。 36．考查动词短语辨析。句意：两位创始人分享说：“我们的组织联系养老院设施，购买个性化的礼物，用他们的签名蝴蝶结优雅地包装它们，并确保及时送达，这样居民就可以享受圣诞礼物了。”A. reaches out联系；B. moves on继续前进；C. passes down传递；D. gives in屈服。根据下文“ensures ____12____ delivery so that residents can enjoy Christmas presents”可推断，要确保及时送达，先要联系。reach out to表示主动寻求联系，符合语境。故选A。 37．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. urgent紧急的；B. daily日常的；C. timely及时的；D. direct直接的。根据上文“shops for personalized gifts, elegantly wraps them with their signature bow”可知，他们的组织购买了个性化礼物，用他们签名的蝴蝶结优雅地包装礼物，因此推断此处表示要确保及时送达。故选C。 38．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. shared分享；B. remarked评论；C. agreed同意；D. assessed评估。上文引号内的内容是两位创始人在分享信息。故选A。 39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：居民的希望已经成为养老院老年人的希望，不仅提供礼物，而且在节日期间提供社区和联系感。A. need需要；B. talent天才；C. reason原因；D. hope希望。根据下文“offering not just gifts, but a sense of community and connection during the holiday season”可知，该机构在节日期间不仅提供礼物，还（增强了老人们的）社区感和联系感，所以已经成为养老院的老人的希望。故选D。 40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该组织的影响力持续增长，创始人决心为那些可能被遗忘的人创造更美好的圣诞节。A. cheered欢呼；B. praised赞美；C. abandoned放弃；D. forgotten忘记。根据全文的介绍以及前文“their consistent commitment to making a positive impact on the lives of those often ____8____ during the holiday season”可知，创始人决心让那些可能被遗忘的人的每个圣诞节都更加光明。故选D。 （八） 语法填空 （23-24高一下·浙江宁波·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When Lin Qiaozhi was five, her mother died, 41 affected her deeply. At age 18, she chose to study medicine. Eight years later, Lin graduated from Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) with the Wenhai scholarship, the highest prize given to graduates. She 42 (immediate) became the first woman to work as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. After several years, she 43 (send) to study in Europe and then, in 1939, in the US. She left a good impression 44 her American colleagues who invited her to stay. However, Lin rejected the offer and returned to China. In 1941, Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman 45 (appoint) director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. When the department was closed because of the war, she opened 46 private clinic to continue to treat patients. She was even seen 47 (ride) a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical use. Although Lin Qiaozhi held many important positions in politics, she was 48 (interest) in tending patients, publishing medical research 49 training new staff in her department. Dr Lin never married and she kept working until her death in 1983. She left her 50 (saving) to a kindergarten and a new fund for new doctors. 【答案】 41．which 42．immediately 43．was sent 44．on 45．to be appointed 46．a 47．riding 48．more interested 49．and 50．savings 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了林巧稚医生的生平事迹。 41．考查定语从句。句意：林巧稚五岁时，母亲去世，这对她影响很大。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，指代整个主句，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 42．考查副词。句意：她立即成为北京协和医院妇产科的第一位女住院医师。设空处修饰谓语动词became ，应用副词作状语，故填immediately。 43．考查动词语态。句意：几年后，她被送到欧洲学习，然后在1939年去了美国。设空处为谓语，根据语境可知，空处表示的动作发生在过去，时态应用一般过去时；句子主语she与谓语send之间为动宾关系，故该空应填一般过去时的被动语态，be动词用was。故填was sent。 44．考查介词。句意：她给美国同事留下了如此良好的印象，以至于他们邀请她留下来。固定搭配leave a(n)... impression on sb.意为“给某人留下……印象”，符合句意，故填on。 45．考查非谓语动词。句意：1941 年，林医生成为第一位被任命为北京协和医院妇产科主任的中国女性。句子谓语动词是became，设空处为非谓语动词，在序数词修饰的名词之后常用不定式作后置定语；作定语的appoint与其逻辑主语woman之间为动宾关系，应用不定式的被动语态。故填to be appointed。 46．考查冠词。句意：当该部门因战争而关闭时，她开了一家私人诊所继续治疗病人。根据句意可知，空处表示泛指一家私人诊所，用不定冠词，而private的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 47．考查非谓语动词。句意:有时，人们甚至看到她骑着驴到达遥远的村庄，提供医疗服务。see sb. doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“看到某人正在做某事”。本句谓语为was seen，此处为非谓语动词，且She与ride之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作主语补足语。故填riding。 48．考查形容词的比较级。句意：虽然林巧芝在政界身居要职，但她更感兴趣的是照顾病人、发表医学研究和培训科室的新员工。设空处为形容词作表语，此处表示林巧稚身居要职，但她对护理病人等更感兴趣。根据语境可知，此空应用比较级形式。故填more interested。 49．考查连词。句意：同上。根据语境可知，句中的tending patients，publishing medical research以及training new staff in her department为并列关系，应用并列连词and。故填and。 50．考查名词复数。句意：她把积蓄留给了一家幼儿园和一笔聘请新医生的基金。saving在此表示“储蓄金，存款”，是可数名词，常用复数形式。故填savings。 思维素养提升 Task 1写作项目——Share your opinions about a moral story 本单元的写作任务是写一篇故事评论。写作时首先了解故事的内涵，对故事进行由表及里的分析，正确解读作者的观点，以批判的眼光看待故事中的人物和逻辑关系；然后联系生活实际，谈论现实生活中相似的状况或情景，客观审视自我和他人面对问题及障碍时的言行，合理组织语言，表达自己的感悟和看法。请选择一篇你感兴趣的阅读语篇，尝试用思维导图绘制出文章脉络吧！ Task 2 假定你是李华，请你给学校英语校报写一篇关于《守株待兔》的英文评论。内容包括： 1．故事梗概； 2．内容分析； 3．个人观点。 注意：写作词数应为80左右。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文： “Waiting for a rabbit” is a fable about a farmer in ancient times who accidentally got a hare killed on a tree stump. From then on, he dropped his hoe and waited beside the stump all day long. The purpose of the author is to tell us: only through their own labor can people gain something.Or they will eventually get nothing, leaving a lifetime of regret. The story is short, the thread is clear, and it fully serves the author's purpose of warning the world. I like this story as a reminder that I can't do things by accident. I would like to recommend this story to readers. $$必修第三册Unit 2 Morals and Virtues （人教版2019） 人与社会：美德与价值观 单元引言解读 The best portion of a good man's life is his little, nameless, unremembered acts of kindness and of love. —William Wordsworth 释义：本单元的引言是英国诗人华兹华斯的《抒情歌谣集》(Lyrical Ballads)中的一句话，意为“一个好人一生最好的部分，是他细小的、无名的、不被人记得的出于善良和爱的行为。”此名言强调了美德往往“润物细无声”，体现在平凡生活的点滴之中，只有用心体会，才能发现道德和美德在社会生活中不可忽视的力量。 启示：华兹华斯的诗以描写自然风光、田园景色等闻名于世。文笔朴素清新、自然流畅，开创了新鲜活泼的浪漫主义诗风。华兹华斯在本书序言中详细阐述了浪漫主义新诗的理论。他的诗歌理论动摇了英国古典主义诗学的统治，有力地推动了英国诗歌的革新和浪漫主义运动的发展。 名言名句积累 人与社会：美德与价值观 1．As far as I'm concerned, to build a good relationship, we should trust each other first. 就我个人而言，要建立良好的关系，我们首先应该彼此信任。 2．As the old saying goes, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.” 常言道，“患难见真情。” 3．As we all know, making friends can help us establish good interpersonal relationships, and build a harmonious society. 众所周知，交友有助于我们建立良好的人际关系，也有利于构建和谐社会。 4．In my opinion, this relationship should be filled with love, care, understanding, and respect, so we can exchange ideas freely and get along well with each other. 我认为，这种关系应该充满爱、关心、理解和尊重，因此我们能够自由地交换观点，并且能够相处融洽。 5．It was your help and kindness that made my study and life in the UK special and enjoyable. 正是你的帮助和友好让我在英国的学习和生活既特别又快乐。 6．The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others. —Mahatma Gandhi 寻找自我存在的最好方法就是让自己忙于服务他人之中。 ——圣雄甘地 7．The superior man thinks always of virtue; the common man thinks of comfort. —Confucius 君子怀德，小人怀土。 ——孔子 时文拓展阅读 Study: Particles in Wildfire Smoke May Increase Dementia Risk A new study suggests that particles found in wildfire smoke could increase the risk of getting dementia. Dementia is a progressive brain condition that causes thinking problems and other health issues. There are several forms of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease. Researchers reported the new findings about wildfire smoke at the recent Alzheimer's Association International Conference in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The study centered on a substance called PM2.5. The substance is known as particulate matter, a mixture of small, solid particles and water droplets found in the air. PM2.5 particles are about 30 times smaller than a human hair. They can be breathed into the lungs and then move on to the blood stream. Existing evidence shows this kind of pollution – from traffic, factories and fires – can cause or worsen heart disease. The new study finds it could also raise dementia risks. Claire Sexton is the director of scientific programs for the Alzheimer's Association. She said in a statement the study shows that increasing wildfires, especially in the American west, are “an increasing threat to brain health.” Sexton added that the findings demonstrate “the importance of enacting policies to prevent wildfires and investigating better methods to address them.” Researchers from the University of Washington and the University of Pennsylvania carried out the study. They examined health records of 1.2 million older adults in Southern California between 2009 and 2019. The scientists used air quality monitoring and other data to estimate how much PM2.5 was released from wildfire smoke or other ways over three years. The study found the risk of being diagnosed with dementia increased about 21 percent for every 1 microgram increase in the concentration of wildfire particles. That compared with a 3 percent increased risk for every 3 microgram increase in non-wildfire particles. It is not clear why this difference exists. But with wildfires increasing, this issue needs more study, said Alzheimer's Association chief science officer Maria Carrillo. She said it is especially important because the risk of Alzheimer's – the most common form of dementia – is higher for lower-income populations who may have a harder time avoiding unhealthy air. Carrillo noted that health warnings urge staying indoors when air quality is poor. But she added, “there are a lot of people who don't have the option to stay home or they work outside.” 【译文欣赏】 研究：野火烟雾中的颗粒物可能会增加痴呆症的风险 一项新的研究表明，野火烟雾中发现的颗粒物可能会增加患痴呆症的风险。 痴呆症是一种渐进性的大脑疾病，会导致思维问题和其他健康问题。痴呆症有几种形式，包括阿尔茨海默病。 研究人员在最近于宾夕法尼亚州费城举行的阿尔茨海默氏症协会国际会议上报告了关于野火烟雾的新发现。 这项研究集中在一种名为PM2.5的物质上。这种物质被称为颗粒物，是空气中发现的小固体颗粒和水滴的混合物。 PM2.5颗粒物比人类头发小约30倍。它们可以被吸入肺部，然后进入血流。现有证据表明，这种污染——来自交通、工厂和火灾——会导致或加重心脏病。新的研究发现，它也可能增加痴呆症的风险。 克莱尔·塞克斯顿是阿尔茨海默氏症协会的科学项目主任。她在一份声明中说，这项研究表明，越来越多的野火，特别是在美国西部，“对大脑健康的威胁越来越大”。塞克斯顿补充说，这些发现表明“制定预防野火的政策并研究更好的方法来解决野火的重要性” 华盛顿大学和宾夕法尼亚大学的研究人员进行了这项研究。他们检查了2009年至2019年间南加州120万老年人的健康记录。科学家们使用空气质量监测和其他数据来估算三年内野火烟雾或其他方式释放的PM2.5量。 研究发现，野火颗粒浓度每增加1微克，被诊断为痴呆症的风险就会增加约21%。相比之下，非野火颗粒每增加3微克，风险就会增加3%。 目前尚不清楚为什么存在这种差异。但随着野火的增加，这个问题需要更多的研究，阿尔茨海默氏症协会首席科学官玛丽亚·卡里略说。她说，这一点尤为重要，因为阿尔茨海默氏症（最常见的痴呆症）的风险对于低收入人群来说更高，他们可能更难避免不健康的空气。 卡里略指出，健康警告敦促人们在空气质量差的时候呆在室内。但她补充道，“有很多人无法选择待在家里或在外面工作。” 【词汇积累】 ( 6 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 address - v. to think about a particular subject or issue and decide how you are going to deal with it 设法解决；处理；对付 monitor – v. to watch something carefully and record the results 监测 diagnose – v. to say what is wrong with a person who is sick 诊断 concentration – n. a large number or amount of something in the same place 集中 option – n. something that may be chosen 选择 demonstrate - v. to show Something clearly by giving proof or evidence证明；证实 Investigate - v. to carefully examine the facts of a situation, an event,a crime,etc. To find out the truth about it or how it happened调查；侦查 【知识拓展】 痴呆的常见病因包括以下几种： 阿尔茨海默病：这是痴呆最常见的病因，其发病机制尚不完全清楚，但与大脑中的β-淀粉样蛋白沉积、tau 蛋白异常等有关。血管性痴呆：通常是由于脑血管疾病，如中风、脑小血管病等，导致大脑供血不足，引起脑组织损伤和认知功能障碍。路易体痴呆：大脑中出现异常的路易小体，影响神经细胞功能。额颞叶痴呆：大脑额叶和颞叶的神经细胞受损。帕金森病痴呆：帕金森病患者在疾病进展过程中可能出现痴呆症状。 头部外伤：严重的头部创伤可能导致大脑结构和功能损伤，增加痴呆的风险。感染：某些感染，如脑炎、脑膜炎等，可能引发痴呆。维生素缺乏：如维生素 B12 缺乏，可影响神经系统功能。甲状腺功能减退：甲状腺激素水平异常可能影响大脑代谢和功能。长期酗酒：酒精对大脑的损害可能导致痴呆。遗传因素：某些基因突变或遗传因素可能增加痴呆的发病风险。例如，一位老年人如果长期患有高血压、高血脂等疾病，导致多次中风发作，就可能因脑血管受损而患上血管性痴呆。又比如，有家族遗传史的人，其患某些类型痴呆的概率可能相对较高。 【词汇延伸】 Dementia 痴呆；智力衰退；精神错乱 Alzheimer阿尔茨海默病 particulate matter颗粒物物质粒子；粒状物质 blood stream血流 solid particles固体颗粒固体粒子 综合实战演练 （一） （2022高三上·全国·专题练习）Ralph Emerson once said that the purpose of life is not to be happy, but to be useful, to be loving, to make some difference in he world. While we appreciate such words of wisdom, we rarely try to follow them in our lives. Most people prefer to live a good life themselves, ignoring their responsibilities for the world. This narrow perception of a good life may provide short-term benefits, but is sure to lead to long-term harm and suffering. A good life based on comfort and luxury may eventually lead to more pain be-cause we spoil our health and even our character, principles, ideals, and relationships. What then, is the secret of a good life? A good life is a process, not a state of being : a direction, not a destination. We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in return because their happiness is the very source of our own happiness. More importantly, we must know ourselves inside out. Only when we examine ourselves deeply can we discover our abilities and recognize our limitations, and then work accordingly to create a better world. The first requirement for a good life is having a loving heart. When we do certain right things merely as a duty, we find our job so tiresome that we’ll soon burn out. However, when we do that same job out of love, we not only enjoy what we do, but also do it with an effortless feeling. However, love alone is insufficient to lead a good life. Love sometimes blinds us to the reality. Consequently, our good intentions may not lead to good results. To achieve desired outcome, those who want to do good to others also need to equip themselves with accurate world knowledge. False knowledge is more dangerous than ignorance. If love is the engine of a car knowledge is the steering wheel(方向盘). If the engine lacks power, the car can’t move; if the driver loses control of the steering, a road accident probably occurs. Only with love in heart and the right knowledge in mind can we lead a good life. With love and knowledge, we go all out to create a better world by doing good to others. When we see the impact of our good work on the world we give meaning to our life and earn lasting joy and happiness. 1．What effect does the narrow perception of a good life have on us? A．Making us simple-minded B．Making us short-sighted. C．Leading us onto a busy road. D．Keeping us from comfort and luxury. 2．According to the author, how can one gain true happiness? A．Through maintaining good health. B．By going through pain and suffering. C．By recognizing one’s abilities and limitations. D．Through offering help much needed by others. 3．According to Paragraph 4, doing certain right things with a loving heart makes one________. A．less selfish B．less annoying C．more motivated D．more responsible 4．In what case may good intentions fail to lead to desired results? A．When we have wrong knowledge of the world. B．When our love for the world is insufficient. C．When we are insensitive to dangers in life. D．When we stay blind to the reality. 5．According to Paragraph 5, life can be made truly good when ________. A．inspired by love and guided by knowledge B．directed by love and pushed by knowledge C．purified by love and enriched by knowledge D．promoted by love and defined by knowledge ( 文体特征 ：议论文是运用逻辑推理和证明来阐述某一观点看法和主张的文体。这类文章或从正面提出某种见解，或驳斥别人的错误观点，以说服读者同意自己的观点为主要目的。议论文的内容主要由两部分组成：论点和论据。 语言风格 ：议论文说理性强，语言庄重，逻辑缜密，常用难词、长句和复杂句。 议论文的主要结构有三类： 　　结构一：正方（甲方），反方（乙方），我认为…… 　　结构二：提出问题，分析问题，解决问题。 　　结构三：论点，理由（证据），重申论点。 善辨结构 议论文无论长短，一定会有论点和论据两大要素。但其内部结构一般是总分总或总分。如果考生在阅读时能分辨议论文的基本结构，厘清各个段落的作用，就不难理解全文了。 抓论点，抓结构 　阅读议论文，只要抓住了观点，就把握了文章中心。如果再结合作为论据的诸多事例和理由之间以及它们和观点/结论之间的内在联系，就能厘清文章的结构。 　　议论文的作者在写作时一般是开门见山，在文章的开头就亮出自己的观点。但是我们要特别注意到作者表达自己的论点也并不一定是在第一句。有的在段落中，有的在段落的末尾，特别要留意有however等表示转折的词语后有可能是作者提出的论点。因此，阅读中会抓论点是做好议论文阅读的一个先决条件。 　　一般来说，论据在议论文中占据大部分篇幅。有可能一段话有一个论据，也有可能一段话有多个论据。这就需要考生在阅读中细心寻找。 ) ( We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in return because their happiness is the very source of our own happiness. We have to earn a good life by first serving others without any expectation in return中by first serving others是介词短语做方式状语，without any expectation in return是without引导的状语，意为：我们要想过上好日子，首先要不求回报地为他人服务； ② because their happiness is the very source of our own happiness.是because引导的原因状语从句，of our own happiness.是介词短语做source的后置定语，意为：因为他们的幸福就是我们自己幸福的源泉； 翻译： ) ( responsibility （n. ） perception （n. ） benefit （n. ） destination （n. ） requirement （n. ） c onsequently （ adv . ） l uxury（n. ） S hort-term （adj. ） short-sighted （adj. ） burn out ( ) steering wheel( ) p urify （ v. ） spoil（v. ） inside out （ ） ) 全文翻译 拉尔夫·爱默生曾说过，生活的目的不是为了快乐，而是为了有用，为了爱，为了在世界上有所作为。虽然我们欣赏这些智慧的话语，但我们很少在生活中遵循它们。 大多数人更喜欢自己过上美好的生活，忽视了自己对世界的责任。这种对美好生活的狭隘看法可能会带来短期的好处，但肯定会导致长期的伤害和痛苦。基于舒适和奢侈的美好生活最终可能会导致更多的痛苦，因为我们破坏了我们的健康，甚至破坏了我们自己的性格、原则、理想和关系。 那么，美好生活的秘诀是什么？美好的生活是一个过程，而不是一种存在状态：一个方向，而不是目的地。我们必须通过首先服务他人而不期望任何回报来获得美好的生活，因为他们的幸福是我们自己幸福的源泉。更重要的是，我们必须从内到外了解自己。只有当我们深入审视自己时，我们才能发现自己的能力，认识到自己的局限性，然后相应地努力创造一个更美好的世界。 美好生活的首要条件是拥有一颗充满爱的心。当我们把做某些正确的事情仅仅作为一种责任时，我们会发现我们的工作很无聊，很快就会精疲力竭。然而，当我们出于爱而做同样的工作时，我们不仅享受我们所做的事情，而且以一种轻松的感觉去做。 然而，仅靠爱不足以过上美好的生活。爱有时会让我们对现实视而不见。因此，我们的良好意愿可能不会带来好的结果。为了达到预期的结果，那些想为他人做好事的人也需要掌握准确的世界知识。虚假的知识比无知更危险。如果爱是汽车的引擎，知识就是方向盘。如果引擎没有动力，汽车就无法行驶；如果驾驶员失去对转向的控制，可能会发生交通事故。只有心中有爱，心中有正确的知识，我们才能过上美好的生活。 带着爱和知识，我们全力以赴，通过善待他人来创造一个更美好的世界。当我们看到我们的好工作对世界的影响时，我们赋予了我们的生活意义，并获得了持久的快乐和幸福。 （二） （23-24高二下·江西·期末）Looking for meaningful volunteer opportunities in wildlife conservation? Check out these exciting programs! Animal Wildlife Rescue 1-12 weeks, Age 16-50+ We need passionate volunteers at Rescue Center Costa Rica to care for our injured and displaced animals, including monkeys, sloths, kinkajous, coatis, and exotic birds. Your kindness and generosity are essential for us to continue our missions of rescue, rehabilitation, and release. Sloth Monitoring and Turtle Conservation 2-28 weeks, Age 18-50+ Join us in Quepos to conserve sloths and turtles. We care for sea turtles, rescue their eggs, protect them until they hatch, and release them into the sea. We also gather scientific data and treat any wounds. Animal Keeper Assistant 1-50 weeks, Age 18-50+ Help the animal keepers provide the best care to animals in need and make a significant impact on conservation. Work hands-on with diverse wildlife in Costa Rica and learn about animal care. The shelter receives over 1500 rescue animals annually, requiring extensive work and crucial decisions to return them to nature. Big 5 Monitoring, Conservation, Sustainable Living 2-12 weeks, Age 18-50+ The LEO Africa research project aims to provide park wardens and ecologists with detailed wildlife information in Abelana Game Reserve. This data helps evaluate the impact of re-introduced animals and maintain balanced, sustainable ecosystems. LEO Africa is funded solely by volunteers, with all contributions supporting the project’s operations. 6．What will volunteers mainly do at the Rescue Center Costa Rica? A．Protect turtles. B．Look after animals. C．Assist professionals. D．Collect data from injured animals. 7．In which program will volunteers work as an aid? A．Animal wildlife rescue. B．Sloth monitoring and turtle conservation. C．Animal keeper assistant. D．Big 5 monitoring, conservation, sustainable living. 8．What do the four programs have in common? A．They all involve teaching. B．They all require a minimum age of 16. C．They all focus on animal conservation. D．They all take place in the same continent. （三） （23-24高一下·辽宁大连·期末）The founder of Earth Day was Gaylord Nelson, then a U.S. Senator (参议员). During the late 1960s, Americans experienced the unexpected side effects of high productivity of industry. Factories were giving out smoke while leaded petrol were used for vehicles, making air pollution increasingly severe. What moved Senator Nelson to action was the 1969 massive oil spill (溢出) in California, which had killed about 3,500 sea birds, besides sea animals like dolphins and seals, causing great public anger. Inspired by the student antiwar movement at that time, Nelson found it a proper time to channel the energy of the students towards a fight for environmental protection. And the sure-fire way was through public pressure. Thus Earth Day was born in 1970, and public environmental awareness took center stage. On 22nd April 1970, millions of Americans took to the streets to demonstrate for a sustainable environment and thousands of students marched against the worsening environment. Different groups were now working together for a shared goal — environmental conservation and the effort became effective. The government took tougher measures and affected businesses were forced to follow standards. As environmental issues were not just localized ones but a global concern, the year 1990 saw Earth Day reach out to many more around the world. Earth Day 1990 helped pave the way for the 1992 United Nations Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, bringing together many nations for a joint effort towards protecting the environment. For his role as founder of Earth Day, Senator Nelson was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom (1995), the highest honour in the USA, by then US President Clinton. We salute (致敬) the man, as the fight for cleaner environment continues. 9．What motivated Senator Nelson to start Earth Day? A．High productivity of industry. B．Increasingly severe air pollution. C．The 1969 oil spill in the USA． D．The students’ involvement in war. 10．What played an essential role in the birth of Earth Day? A．Students’ movement. B．Strict regulations. C．Government’s measures. D．Public pressure. 11．In which year did Earth Day start to draw the world’s attention? A．1970. B．1990. C．1992. D．1995. 12．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．The establishment of Earth Day. B．The effort of going green globally. C．Fighting for cleaner environment. D．Honoring the founder of Earth Day. （四） （23-24高一下·福建宁德·阶段练习）“Colour” and “color” , “favourite” and “favorite” , “honour” and “honor” …Have you ever wondered why Americans spell those words without a “u”? Is it because they are lazy? Of course not. In fact, the difference in spelling was started by Noah Webster (1758-1843). He was a teacher who reformed (改革) English to make American identity (特征) stronger. Linguists (语言学家) celebrate his birthday on October 16 every year. After the Revolutionary War (1775-1783), Webster believed that Americans should have their own dictionary, rather than rely on British dictionaries. He dropped the British “u” in some words. And he changed “centre” into “center” for children to learn English by spelling words more like what they sounded. He used “subway” instead of British word “underground”. Some other examples are “soccer” and “football”, “fall” and “autumn”. Webster wasn’t shy about expressing his opinions. In defining (定义) preposterous (unreasonable), he wrote: “A republican government in the hands of female is preposterous.” Webster spent 28 years on the project before completing the 70,000-word dictionary with his American-style spelling in 1828. He also added local words. His dictionary was widely used in schools. Linguists believed it helped a new country achieve unity (统一) and cultural independence at a time when most people cared about political freedom. “He was the creator of our language and the creator of American identity,” said Joshua Kendall, who is working on a book about Webster. “He at last brought us together through our language.” 13．What does the underlined phrase “rely on” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．depend on. B．believe. C．endure. D．abandon. 14．Which is NOT true about Webster’s dictionary? A．It has local words in it. B．It is a 70,000-word dictionary. C．All the words are spelled without “u”. D．Its words are in American-style spelling. 15．What do people think of Webster’s dictionary? A．It is the only dictionary that Americans still use today. B．It helped to bring Americans together besides its cultural influence. C．It has no influence on the development of American English. D．It helped to make American English more useful than British English. 16．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．The development of the British English. B．American English is better than British English. C．Noah Webster added local words to the dictionary. D．Noah Webster wrote an American English dictionary and reformed English. （五） （23-24高二下·河南开封·期中）How Can Volunteering Help You Get a Good Job? Sometimes, by giving just a little, you can get a lot back in return. This couldn’t ring more true for volunteering. Here are just some of the things volunteering can do for your employ ability. 17 Employers like to see evidence of practical work experience on your CV (简历) — it tells them that you have the soft skills needed to work as part of a team and are able to handle responsibility. So, if the “work experience” section of your CV is: looking a little bare, volunteering is a great way to flesh it out. Even if the role isn’t super relevant to the job you want after university, so long as there are transferable (可迁移的) skills, it will be valuable for your CV. Introduce you to new people If you are volunteering in the sector you want to eventually work in, it will be a great way for you to network with people who have already broken into the field. 18 . They’d also make great references to refer future employers to. Help you develop valuable skills 19 , but getting hands-on experience is key to really being able to transition into employment smoothly. Lectures and seminars can’t really teach you personal skills like leadership, time management, how to best communicate with colleagues or how to act in a professional manner, which are all valuable to employers. 20 Boost your confidence You’ll experience so many personal benefits from helping the community or lending a hand for a worthwhile project. 21 . All of this-as well as the practical experience itself-will boost your confidence, meaning you can approach job applications and interviews with renewed courage and belief in yourself. A．Improve your CV B．Update your interview skills C．Volunteering is a great way to push you ahead D．University prepares you for work academically E．Volunteering can help you develop all of these and plenty more F．It can help give you a fresh sense of purpose and make you feel valued G．Use the opportunity to pick their brains, get insider advice and find out job opportunities （六） （23-24高一下·河北邯郸·期中）Traveling to a farm and spending several hours a day getting your hands dirty might sound like an unusual way to spend a vacation. WWOOF, or “Worldwide Opportunities on Organic Farms”, is an organization that helps travelers go on “volunteering vacations” on organic farms. The idea is simple: travelers volunteer on farms for around four to six hours a day in exchange for free accommodation and meals. The duration (时长) of “vacation” could be a few days or a few weeks. Volunteers may be given different tasks, based on the type of farm they’re on. These may include things like gardening, cutting wood, feeding animals, or even making cheese or wine. But “WWOOFing” is about more than that. The aim is for travelers and farmers to take part in a cultural and educational exchange, while helping people spend time in nature. At least, that’s what Sue Coppard had in mind when she started the organization. In 1971, Coppard was working as a secretary in London, but she wanted to spend more time in the countryside. So, she thought it might be a good idea to stay and work on a farm. And since she worried that she would be lonely, she asked others to join her. After a successful trial weekend at a farm in Sussex, England, with 15 volunteers, more people started showing interest in working on farms, and more organic farmers said they were willing to host workers. Today, it’s possible to go WWOOFing in more than 130 countries, according to the website. You don’t need any farming experience—just a positive attitude and a willingness to learn! 22．What can we know about WWOOF? A．It offers flexible length of holiday. B．It was set up by an experienced farmer. C．It focuses on farming in the same way. D．It is an organization to help people in need. 23．What could we do as a WWOOF volunteer? A．Enjoy urban scenery. B．Do some farm-related work. C．Raise animals for money. D．Protect the environment on the farm. 24．Why did Sue Coppard set up WWOOF? A．She was interested in organic farming. B．She felt lonely every now and then. C．She was tired of being a secretary. D．She loved to get close to nature. 25．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To promote organic farming. B．To share experiences about farming. C．To introduce a new way of spending vacation. D．To advertise cultural and educational exchange. （七） 完形填空 （23-24高一下·福建福州·期中）In 2017, Barbara and Jean decided to spread the holiday spirit with Christmas gifts. Little did they know that this simple act of kindness would develop into a heartwarming tradition and, 26 , the creation of their nonprofit organization, Resident’s Hope. In their first year, they spent around $120 to provide Christmas gifts for 13 individuals at Nurses Helping Hands. The joy and 27 they witnessed inspired them to 28 a more ambitious mission—to bring the 29 of Christmas to as many nursing home residents as possible. Fast forward to Christmas Day in 2022, and the dynamic two 30 an incredible milestone. Through their nonprofit Resident’s Hope, they had the privilege of serving over 400 individuals across five different nursing home facilities. The 31 growth of their initiative (行动) was a 32 to their consistent commitment to making a positive impact on the lives of those often 33 during the holiday season. This heartwarming success pushed Barbara and Jean to take their mission to the next level. In July 2023, they 34 founded Resident’s Hope as a nonprofit organization. Their 35 initiative, the Christmas Giving event, became the driving force behind their cause. “Our organization 36 to nursing home facilities, shops for personalized gifts, elegantly wraps them with their signature bow, and ensures 37 delivery so that residents can enjoy Christmas presents,” the founders 38 . Resident’s Hope has become a 39 for seniors in nursing homes, offering not just gifts, but a sense of community and connection during the holiday season. The organization’s impact continues to grow, and the founders are determined to make each Christmas brighter for those who may otherwise be 40 . 26．A．probably B．entirely C．obviously D．ultimately 27．A．curiosity B．gratitude C．commitment D．sympathy 28．A．sum up B．kick off C．cut in D．find out 29．A．custom B．celebration C．magic D．routine 30．A．achieved B．described C．searched D．designed 31．A．past B．reliable C．equal D．sharp 32．A．way B．chance C．demonstration D．challenge 33．A．deserted B．ignored C．stressed D．received 34．A．officially B．fortunately C．casually D．exactly 35．A．casual B．temporary C．typical D．spiritual 36．A．reaches out B．moves on C．passes down D．gives in 37．A．urgent B．daily C．timely D．direct 38．A．shared B．remarked C．agreed D．assessed 39．A．need B．talent C．reason D．hope 40．A．cheered B．praised C．abandoned D．forgotten （八） 语法填空 （23-24高一下·浙江宁波·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When Lin Qiaozhi was five, her mother died, 41 affected her deeply. At age 18, she chose to study medicine. Eight years later, Lin graduated from Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) with the Wenhai scholarship, the highest prize given to graduates. She 42 (immediate) became the first woman to work as a resident physician in the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. After several years, she 43 (send) to study in Europe and then, in 1939, in the US. She left a good impression 44 her American colleagues who invited her to stay. However, Lin rejected the offer and returned to China. In 1941, Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman 45 (appoint) director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital. When the department was closed because of the war, she opened 46 private clinic to continue to treat patients. She was even seen 47 (ride) a donkey to faraway villages to provide medical use. Although Lin Qiaozhi held many important positions in politics, she was 48 (interest) in tending patients, publishing medical research 49 training new staff in her department. Dr Lin never married and she kept working until her death in 1983. She left her 50 (saving) to a kindergarten and a new fund for new doctors. 思维素养提升 Task 1写作项目——Share your opinions about a moral story 本单元的写作任务是写一篇故事评论。写作时首先了解故事的内涵，对故事进行由表及里的分析，正确解读作者的观点，以批判的眼光看待故事中的人物和逻辑关系；然后联系生活实际，谈论现实生活中相似的状况或情景，客观审视自我和他人面对问题及障碍时的言行，合理组织语言，表达自己的感悟和看法。请选择一篇你感兴趣的阅读语篇，尝试用思维导图绘制出文章脉络吧！ Task 2 假定你是李华，请你给学校英语校报写一篇关于《守株待兔》的英文评论。内容包括： 1．故事梗概； 2．内容分析； 3．个人观点。 注意：写作词数应为80左右。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ $$