专题02 要求式动词与as if从句中的虚拟语气用法 -【寒假分层作业】2025年高一英语寒假培优练（人教版2019）

专题02 要求式动词与as if从句中的虚拟语气用法 内容早知道 ☛第一层 巩固提升练 考点一 要求式动词中的虚拟语气用法 考点二 as if从句中的虚拟语气用法 ☛第二层 能力培优练 ☛第三层 拓展突破练 ☛第四层 高考真题练 要求式动词中的虚拟语气用法 【知识积累·练前热身】 在教材必修一的单词表上，我们学习了recommend（Unit 1），request（Unit 2），demand（Unit 5）等词的用法，重点讲解了它们的虚拟语气用法。 1.概念： 虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）用于表达假设、愿望、建议或不确定的情况。主要用于表达假设或虚拟的条件（“如果……的话”）、一些表“建议、要求、命令”含义的词所接的从句中等。 2.要求式动词+从句时，从句中的谓语动词用(should) ＋ do 一坚持： insist 二命令： order, command 三建议： suggest (suggestion), advise (advice), recommend (recommendation) , propose(proposal ) 四要求： demand, request, require, desire, ask 再加一个敦促： urge 3.注意： （1）以上动词的名词形式后所接的的从句中也要使用虚拟语气，即(should) ＋do。 （2）insist和suggest两个词较为特殊，除了表达“坚持”和“建议”的词义外，他们还有另外一层含义。当insist表达“坚持说，坚持认为”词义，suggest表达“表明”词义时，后面所接的从句不使用虚拟语气，使用陈述语气，与语境匹配。 1.The physicists propose that our attention ________(direct) towards the use of special methods of thinking and acting. 【答案】(should) be directed 【详解】句意：物理学家们建议，我们的注意力应转向使用特殊的思考和行动方法。 考查虚拟语气。根据“propose”一词可知，从句应该用虚拟语气“should do sth.”；再者根据“our attention”和“direct”的关系可知，两者是动宾关系，因此用被动语态，而should可省略,故答案是(should) be directed 。 2.The air pollution is worse and worse. The government suggests that people ____ (go ) to work by subway or by bus. 【答案】(should) go 【详解】句意：空气污染越来越糟糕。政府建议人们乘地铁或者乘公交车去上班。 考查虚拟语气。这是一个that引导的宾语从句，suggest后跟的宾语从句应用虚拟语气（should）do结构，should可省略。故答案是(should) go。 3.She required at the meeting that measures ________ (take ) to protect the environment which we rely on to live. 【答案】(should) be taken 【详解】句意：她在会议上要求采取措施保护我们赖以生存的环境。 考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知，动词require“要求”，从句用虚拟即should+动词原形，should可以省略。又measures和动词take之间为被动关系，即should be taken，should可以省略，故答案是(should) be taken。 4.The boy insisted that he ________(be) old enough, and ________(give) the right to make his own choice. 【答案】was；(should) be given 【详解】句意：这个男孩坚称他已经足够大，应该有做出自己的选择的权利了。 考查insist宾语从句的时态及虚拟语气。insist表示“坚持认为”不用虚拟语气；时态根据实际情况而定；insist表示“坚持要求”后用“should + do”的虚拟语气，should可省略。分析语境可知第一空表示“坚持认为”，时态用一般过去时；第二空是“坚持要求”，用虚拟语气，should省略。故答案是was和(should) be given。 5.He commanded that his men ________(fire). 【答案】(should) fire 【详解】句意：他命令他的手下射击。 考查虚拟语气。根据command 后的宾语从句要用（should）do的虚拟语气，其中should可以省略。故答案是(should) fire。 6.We requested that the task _____________ (complete) by the end of this week. 【答案】(should) be completed 【详解】 考查虚拟语气。句意: 我们要求在本周末之前完成这项任务。request表示“要求”时引导的 that 从句中，要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为 should + 动词原形，其中 should 可以省略，主句中的时态不限。从句中主语task与谓语动词构成被动，故填(should) be completed。 7.Her pale face suggested that she ______ ( be) ill and her parents suggested that she ______(have ) a medical examination. 【答案】was; have 【详解】句意：她苍白的脸表明她病了,她的父母建议她去体检。 考查时态和虚拟语气。第一个 suggest是“表明，显示”的意思，后面的be动词视整句时态而定，根据主句时态可知用一般过去时。第二个 suggest是“建议”的意思，后接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：( should)+原形动词，should可略。故答案是was和 have。 8.It is recommended that he ______(get) help from his doctor about his illness. 【答案】(should) get 【详解】句意：关于他的病，建议他向医生寻求帮助。 考查虚拟语气。recommend表示“建议”所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：(should) +原形动词，should可省略。故答案是(should) get。 9.My suggestion is that a meeting ________(hold) to discuss it. 【答案】(should) be held 【详解】句意：我建议开个会来讨论这个问题。 考查虚拟语气。名词suggestion“建议”后的表语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should＋动词原形，should可以省略；再根据“a meeting”和“hold”的关系可知，两者是动宾关系，因此用被动语态，而should可省略,故答案是(should) be held。 10.The workers insisted that they               ( give) a free lunch every noon and the boss had to do that. 【答案】(should) be given 【详解】句意：工人们坚持要求他们每天中午都有免费的午餐，老板必须这样做。 考查虚拟语气。Insist表示“坚持，要求”，其后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，“should + 动词原形” 。故答案是(should) be given。  as if从句中的虚拟语气用法 【知识积累·练前热身】 1.as if引导的从句，当说话人认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的情况时，使用陈述语气。 Look at the dark clouds. It looks as if it is going to rain.看，乌云密布！看起来好像要下雨了。 （根据乌云密布迹象，下雨有可能发生，真实情况） 2.as if引导的从句，当说话人认为句子所述的是非真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时，使用虚拟语气。 (1)若表示与现在事实不符，从句谓语动词用一般过去时did/were； Paul talks about the theory as if he knew everything. She looks as if she were ten years younger. (2)若表示与过去事实不符，从句谓语动词用过去完成时had done； They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long. (3)若表示与将来事实不符，从句谓语动词用would/could/might/should + do。 He opened his mouth as if he would say something. 注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，be动词的过去时态一律用 were，不用 was。 1.The soldier remembers everything exactly as if it_______ ( happen) yesterday. 【答案】happened 【详解】句意：士兵完全记得一切，似乎它就发生在昨天。 考查虚拟语气。as if意为“仿佛；好像”，其后的从句可出现虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，句中remembers为一般现在时，故as if从句中用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故答案是happened。 2.The teacher treats the pupil as if he ______ (be) her own child. 【答案】were 【详解】句意：老师对待这个学生就像对待自己的孩子一样。 考查虚拟语气。as if引导的从句与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时，be动词常用were。故答案是were。 3.It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I (do) it? 【答案】had done 【详解】句意：是约翰打破了窗户。你为什么跟我说话就好像是我干的似的? 考查虚拟语气。此处是由 as if引导的虚拟语气，题中 broke 表明“打坏窗户”发生在“过去”，与过去事实相反，as if后面的从句用过去完成时(had done)表示对“过去”的虚拟。故答案是 had done。 4.Live each day as if we ______ (die) tomorrow, which is a good rule to live by. 【答案】would / could / might / should die 【详解】句意：每天活着时都当作第二天就死亡那样安排。 考查虚拟语气。此处是由 as if引导的虚拟语气，题中tomorrow 表明发生在“将来”，与将来事实相反，as if后面的从句用“would / could / might / should+动词原形”表示对“将来”的虚拟。故答案是would / could / might / should die。 5.I felt lost and anxious as if I ___________(miss) something of value.  【答案】had missed 【详解】句意：我感到迷茫和焦虑，就好像我错过了什么有价值的东西。 考查虚拟语气。结合语境可知，此处as if引导的虚拟语气，与过去事实相反(felt)，从句用“had+过去分词”。故答案是had missed。 6.What makes me annoyed is that they completely ignore these facts as if they never _________ (exist).  【答案】existed 【详解】句意：使我生气的是，他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它们不存在似的。 考查虚拟语气。分析句子结构可知，as if引导方式状语从句，且表示与现在事实相反的假设(makes / is / ignore)，故从句中的时态是一般过去时，谓语动词要用过去式existed，故答案是existed。 7.The secretary always acts as if she ______(be) the real boss of the company. 【答案】were 【详解】句意：这个秘书总是表现得好像她是这个公司真正的老板似的。 考查虚拟语气。as if 引导的虚拟方式状语从句，表示与现在的事实相反(acts)，要使用一般过去时，在虚拟中表与现在事实相反be动词一般都用were，故答案是were。 8.He felt so cold that he kept trembling as if he (be) unable to endure it any more. 【答案】was 【详解】句意：他冷得发抖，好像再也忍受不了了。 考查谓语动词。as if引导方式状语从句，当说话人认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的情况时，不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。此处结合语境，有发抖迹象，可知这是真实情况，使用陈述语气。根据句中的felt，kept可知，应该用一般过去时。故答案是was。 9.The disappointed girl listened as if she          (turn) into a stone. 【答案】had been turned 【详解】句意：那个沮丧的女孩听着，好像她已经变成了一块石头。 考查虚拟语气。分析句子可知，此处为as if引导的方式状语从句，从句需用虚拟语气用法，由主句动词listened为过去时可知，表示与过去事实相反的假设，此处从句动词应为过去完成时；表示“被变成”应为动词短语be turned into。故答案是had been turned。 10.Childhood memories came back to me so clearly, as if the events            (happen) only yesterday. 【答案】had happened 【详解】句意：童年的记忆清晰地浮现在我的脑海中，就好像这些事情就发生在昨天。 考查虚拟语气。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查as if引导的方式状语从句的虚拟语气结构，这句话描述的是过去的事情（came back），用对过去的虚拟，用过去完成时had done。故答案是had happened。 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 School days are supposed to be the best days of your life and part of that experience usually involves some unforgettable physical activities. I asked some people to give me their memories of what happened to them on the sports field and beyond, and this is what they told me. Cup winners When I was about ten, the football team from our year unexplainably made it to the cup final of the local schools’ league. I say unexplainably because I only remember us losing nearly every match we played. Anyway, in the final I set up the winning goal, a brilliant cross to my mate David who headed the ball in just before the final whistle. I still have a photograph of the team holding the cup. Forest hike I remember having to lead a group of eight boys on a school expedition for the best part of two days when I was a teenager. Even though we got lost at one point, I managed to keep them all together and get them from one end of a large forest to the other and back by sheer(纯粹的) force of will. I was chosen to be the leader, I think because I was the only one who knew how to read a map! When we arrived back at the campsite, we found out that all the other groups had cheated and hitched(搭便车) most of the way instead… I felt a bit stupid, but also rather proud of myself at the same time for having done it properly. Learning to swim, learning to drown I learned to swim comparatively late, I suppose. I was maybe nine years old but my brother had a painful experience that nearly put him off for life. We lived in the USA for a while and had access to a university pool where the coaches had trained the American Olympic team. In those days, though, their idea of teaching kids how to swim was to tie a can to their ankles with a bit of string, throw them in the deep end, and shout “Swim!”. I am surprised my brother survived at all. He could only have been about six at the time. 1. The passage mainly talks about ________. A. tips on taking part in outdoor activities B. how people consider physical activities C. why people love outdoor activities D. people’s experiences of physical activities 2. What did the first person do in the school’s cup final? A. He scored the winning goal. B. He provided the pass for the final goal. C. He blew the whistle at the end of the game. D. He lost every game in the season. 3. The underlined word “expedition” in the third paragraph has the same meaning to “________”. A. match B. deal C. trip D. research 4. It can be learned that when the third person was young, ________. A. he learned swimming from the same coach as his elder brother B. the swimming coach’s teaching method was rather inconsiderate C. his family lived near a university pool for about ten years D. the American Olympic team had no swimming pool of its own 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。上学的日子应该是你一生中最美好的日子，而这段经历的一部分通常包括一些难忘的体育活动。文章作者记载一些人在运动场上和其他地方发生的往事经历。 【解析】 1.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段School days are supposed to be the best days of your life and part of that experience usually involves some unforgettable physical activities.及全文内容可知，上学的日子应该是你一生中最美好的日子，而这段经历的一部分通常包括一些难忘的体育活动。文章作者记载一些人在运动场上和其他地方发生的往事经历。故选D。 2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段Anyway, in the final I set up the winning goal, a brilliant cross to my mate David who headed the ball in just before the final whistle.（在决赛中我制造了胜利的良机，我的队友大卫在终场哨声吹响前头球破门。）可知，作者为最终进球提供了机会。故选B。 3.词义猜测题。根据下文中Even though we got lost at one point（迷路）和When we arrived back at the campsite（回到营地）提示可以猜测，他们参加的是学校探险旅行。故选C。 4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段In those days, though, their idea of teaching kids how to swim was to tie a can to their ankles with a bit of string, throw them in the deep end and shout “Swim!”. 可知，教练教孩子们游泳的方法是用一根绳子把一个罐子绑在他们的脚踝上，把他们扔进深处，然后大喊“游泳!”，可以推断出，游泳教练的教学方法相当轻率。故选B。 二、七选五 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Every week, even every day, we have lots of different tasks to finish. 1 However, the advantages of volunteering can be huge. Volunteering can offer help to people in need. But the advantages can be even greater for the volunteers. Why? 2 Studies have found that when you stop thinking about your own problems and focus on someone other than yourself, your stress levels start to go down, your immune system (免疫系统) is strengthened and your overall sense of life satisfaction increases. This is because helping someone else gives you a sense of purpose and makes you pay attention to the positive things in life. Volunteering helps you develop new relationships. 3 And it gives you the good chance to communicate with them. These can help you form close relationships with them. These relationships can have a lasting influence on your life. Volunteering teaches you valuable job skills. During volunteering, you can have lots of chances to learn useful and important skills. For example, volunteer organizations always provide on­the­job training courses for volunteers before they start the work. Those courses can help you learn some skills for certain jobs. 4 Volunteering makes your resume (简历) attractive. Are you stuck for things to write on your resume to get the job you want ? 5 Studies have found those who volunteered had a better chance of finding a job than those who didn't. Whether you do one thing on a regular basis, or help with lots of different causes for shorter amounts of time, each voluntary experience you have looks great to your future bosses. A. Volunteering makes you independent. B. And they're often offered to you for free. C. Volunteering can be good for your health. D. It lets you meet people from all walks of life. E. If so, there are some good suggestions for you. F. Deal with it by showing the volunteer work you have done. G. With busy lives, it can be hard to find time to volunteer. 【答案】1.G 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了志愿服务对志愿者有诸多好处。 【1题详解】 前文"Every week, even every day, we have lots of different tasks to finish.(每周，甚至每天，我们都有很多不同的任务要完成)”讲述了我们在生活有许多事要做，后文 "However the advantages of volunteering can be huge.(然而，志愿服务的好处是巨大的)”与空处形成转折，讲述了志愿服务有很大的好处。由此可知，空处应讲述繁忙的生活很难让人抽出时间从事志愿工作，G项“生活繁忙，很难抽出时间做志愿者。”符合题意。故选G。 【2题详解】 根据后文'Studies have found that when you stop thinking about your own problems and focus on someone other than yourself your stress levels start to go down, your immune system (免疫系统) is strengthened and your overall sense of if satisfaction increases.(研究发现当你停止思考自己的问题，把注意力集中在自己以外的人身上时，你的压力水平就会开始下降，你的免疫系统就会增强，你的整体生活满意度也会提高)”可知，本段主要讲述的是从事志愿工作对人的身体健康有好处，C项“志愿服务对你的健康有益。"”符合题意。故选C。 【3题详解】 前文"Volunteering helps you develop new relationships.(志愿服务可以帮助你建立新的关系)”讲述了志愿服务有助于建立新的关系，所以空处应讲述志愿服务能够让人结识各种各样的人，D项“它可以让你结识各行各业的人。”符合题意，选项中的!t指代前文的Volunteering，且与后文的i对应，选项中的people对应后文的them，故选D。 【4题详解】 前文 "For example, volunteer organizations always provide on-the-job training courses for volunteers before they start the work. Those courses can help you learn some skills for certain jobs.(例如，志愿者组织总是在志愿者开始工作之前为他们提供在职培训课程。这些课程可以帮助你学习某些工作的技能)”讲述了志愿者在提供服务之前会接受培训课程，这有助于学习某些工作的技能，空处应讲述这些课程是免费提供的，B项“它们通常是免费提供给你的。”符合题意，选项中的they指代前文的courses,故选B。 【5题详解】 前文 "Volunteering makes your resume (简历) attractive. Are you stuck for things to write on your resume to get the job you want?(志愿服务使你的简历更有吸引力。你是不是发愁为了得到想要的工作而要在简历上写一些东西?)”讲述了志愿服务有助干增加简历内容，空处应讲述可以在简历上展现自己的志愿工作经历。F项“通过展示你所做的志愿者工作来处理它。”符合题意，选项中的it指代前文的your resume。故选F。 三、完型填空 阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Growing up in the USA, I always wanted to experience another culture. The 1 came when I was 15. After a few months of planning and 2 , I was ready to spend the second semester of my first high school year 3 an exchange student in Australia. 4 in Perth was one of the most exciting moments of my life. I realized then that there was no turning back. The family I would live with was waiting for me, and it would only be five days 5 the new school year. The school I attended was 6 my school back in the States. I was quite 7 at first, especially never having been to a new school — even in the US. Everything went without 8 , though. The teachers were welcoming and the students were friendly. The most 9 time was travelling with other exchange students around Australia during our semester break. The few weeks we 10 together were full of amazing activities. At the end of our 11 in Australia, we had three weeks to share our stories and help each other deal with leaving. It was only 12 that our last day together was filled with tears. We packed our camp, 13 e-mail addresses and gathered together for a final good-bye. Upon coming home, an open mind was again important. Resettling home took time and 14 , but at last I made it. All the while, I was thoughtful to letting my family and friends know how happy I was to be home and how much I had missed them — though the experience is still 15 with me. So, if you have the opportunity to study abroad you most certainly should. 1. A. task B. dream C. chance D. vacation 2. A. packing B. convincing C. performing D. preparing 3. A. as B. on C. for D. with 4. A. Flying B. Landing C. Working D. Studying 5. A. since B. until C. after D. before 6. A. similar to B. different from C. as good as D. the same as 7. A. excited B. annoyed C. worried D. confused 8. A. hope B. doubt C. difficulties D. argument 9. A. valuable B. acceptable C. comfortable D. unforgettable 10. A. spent B. lived C. studied D. worked 11. A. stay B. visit C. trip D. holidays 12. A. funny B. natural C. strange D. simple 13. A. made B. wrote C. shared D. exchanged 14. A. effort B. money C. ability D. wisdom 15. A. sadly B. clearly C. lively D. amazingly 【答案】1．C    2．D    3．A    4．B    5．D    6．B    7．C    8．C    9．D    10．A    11．A    12．B    13．D    14．A    15．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己在澳洲一段印象深刻而又难忘的交换生经历。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我15岁的时候，机会来了。A. task任务；B. dream梦想；C. chance机会；D. vacation假期。由前文“I always wanted to experience another culture.”和空后“an exchange student in Australia.”可知，作者一直想要体验另一种文化，后来作者去加拿大做交换生，由此可知，作者的机会来了。故选C。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过几个月的计划和准备，我已经准备好了作为交换生在澳大利亚度过高中第一学年的第二学期。 A. packing打包；B. convincing说服；C. performing表演，做；D. preparing准备。由后文“an exchange student in Australia.”可知，因为作者做了一名交换生，由此可知，这是经过几个月的计划和准备得到的结果。故选D。 3．考查介词词义辨析。句意：经过几个月的计划和准备，我已经准备好了作为交换生在澳大利亚度过高中第一学年的第二学期。A. as作为；B. on在……之上；C. for为了；D. with和……一起。由空后“an exchange student in Australia.”可知，作者是作为交换生的身份去澳大利亚的，as作为，符合题意。故选A。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在珀斯着陆是我一生中最激动人心的时刻之一。A. Flying飞行；B. Landing着陆；C. Working工作；D. Studying学习。根据后文“I realized then that there was no turning back. ”可知，作者坐飞机到达澳洲的珀斯，这是作者一生中最激动的时刻。故选B。 5．考查连词词义辨析。句意：我要住的那个家庭正在等着我，离新学年只有五天了。A. since自从，因为；B. until直到；C. after在……之后；D. before在……之前。由前文描述可知，作者刚来澳洲珀斯，所以表示在开学前的前5天到达这里。故选D。 6．考查固定短语辨析。句意：我上的学校和我在美国的学校不一样。A. similar to与……相似；B. different from与……不同；C. as good as和……一样好；D. the same as与……相同。作者在澳洲新学校，结合常识可知，澳洲学校和美国学校不一样。故选B。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一开始我很担心，尤其是从来没有到过一所新学校，即使是在美国。A. excited兴奋的；B. annoyed生气的；C. worried担心的；D. confused困惑的。由后文“especially never having been to a new school”可知，因为作者从未去过新学校，所以一开始作者很担心。故选C。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不过，一切都很顺利，没有困难。A. hope希望；B. doubt怀疑；C. difficulties困难；D. argument争论。由空后副词though和“The teachers were welcoming and the students were friendly.”，可知，一切进展顺利，没有困难。故选C。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最难忘的一段时光是在假期和其他交换生一起环游澳大利亚。A. valuable珍贵的；B. acceptable可接受的；C. comfortable舒服的；D. unforgettable难忘的。由后文“…were full of amazing activities.”可知，因为和其他交换生一起环游澳洲有很多令人惊讶的活动，由此可知，这段时刻让作者难忘。故选D。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们一起度过的几个星期充满了令人惊奇的活动。A. spent花费，度过；B. lived居住；C. studied学习，研究；D. worked工作。由前一句描述可知，作者和其他交换生一起环游澳大利亚，所以此处指他们一起度过的几个星期。故选A。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在澳大利亚停留的最后阶段，我们有三个星期的时间来分享我们的故事，并互相帮助处理离开的问题。A. stay停留；B. visit参观；C. trip旅途；D. holidays假期。根据后文“help each other deal with leaving.”可知，因为作者他们要离开澳洲了，所以空处指他们在澳洲停留的最后阶段。故选A。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们在一起的最后一天泪流满面，这是很自然的。A. funny搞笑的； B. natural自然的；C. strange奇怪的；D. simple简单的。作者他们要分别了，哭泣的是发生是很自然的。故选B。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们收拾好宿舍，交换电子邮件地址，聚在一起做最后的告别。A. made制作；B. wrote写；C. shared分享；D. exchanged交换。因为大家要分别了，所以大家都在交换电子邮件地址。故选D。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：重新安定下来需要时间和努力，但最后我做到了。A. effort努力；B. money金钱；C. ability能力；D. wisdom智慧。根据常识可知，因为重新安定下来，需要一定时间和努力。故选A。 15．考查副词词义辨析。句意：一直以来，我都在考虑让我的家人和朋友知道我在家有多开心，我有多想念他们，尽管我仍然清楚地记得这段经历。A. sadly悲伤地；B. clearly清楚地；C. lively活跃地；D. amazingly令人惊讶地。由后文“So, if you have the opportunity to study abroad you most certainly should.”，作者对这段留学经历印象深刻，记忆犹新，所以此处需用副词clearly。故选B。 一、阅读 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A 2024 British Day Needs Volunteers! The British Day has become an important part of the annual grand events in Guangdong Province since 2010, which welcomes friends from all over the world. This year’s British Day is themed “Cool Britannia”, taking you on a childhood time machine to explore childhood memories. And here volunteers are needed. When & Where Date: Saturday, Nov. 2, 2024, from 11:00 AM to 5:00 PM. Location: Zhujiang New Town, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City. Who to apply Mainly for college students studying in the Greater Bay Area who * are eager to spread Chinese and foreign cultures; * have good oral English communication skills and experience in volunteering for large outdoor activities; * have a strong sense of responsibility and teamwork. What to gain * The experience of cultural exchanges between China and the UK; * The opportunity to improve your oral English; * Volunteer certificates(证书)( in Chinese and English) and thank-you letters; * A limited-edition T-shirt of British Day as a souvenir. What to do Volunteers will handle different tasks. Group 1: Handle on-site ticketing, event layout and material sorting. Group 2: Offer event guidance to guests. Answer questions from stall owners and guests. Group 3: Assist stage activities like performances to ensure smooth progress. Group 4: Aid in charity raffle(慈善抽奖) ticket sales, including introducing activities and sorting prizes. How to apply Please send your resume(简历) with a simple self-introduction to events @ britchamgd.com before 12: 00 noon, Beijing time on Oct. 22, 2024.Volunteers successfully selected will be informed by phone and email before Oct. 24. Volunteers who have been accepted but are unable to participate due to personal reasons must apply to the organizer at least five days in advance. Come and join us! 1. What can guests do on this year’s British Day? A. Make a time machine. B. Visit the British cities. C. Interview some volunteers. D. Experience childhood happiness again. 2. Who are most likely to be accepted as volunteers for the event? A. High school students in Guangzhou who are good at oral English. B. Students of Shenzhen University who often go to outdoor community services. C. Professionals in Guangzhou who try to promote the cultural exchanges. D. British college students who love Chinese culture and speak Chinese fluently. 3. Which statement is TRUE according to the passage? A. Volunteers are required to work more than 8 hours for the event. B. Volunteers will gain a common T-shirt as a present. C. Volunteers will all have to offer event guidance to guests. D. Volunteers unable to serve the event should inform the organizer before Oct.28,2024. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了2024年英国日招募志愿者的情况。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“This year’s British Day is themed “Cool Britannia”, taking you on a childhood time machine to explore childhood memories.(今年的英国日以“Cool Britannia”为主题，带你坐上童年时光机，探索童年回忆)”可知，房客在今年的英国日可以重温童年的快乐。故选D项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Who to apply部分的“Mainly for college students studying in the Greater Bay Area who (主要针对在大湾区学习的大学生)”及“have good oral English communication skills and experience in volunteering for large outdoor activities; (具有良好的英语口语沟通技巧和大型户外活动志愿服务经验)”可知，经常参加户外社区服务的深圳大学生最有可能成为活动的志愿者。故选B项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Volunteers successfully selected will be informed by phone and email before Oct. 24. Volunteers who have been accepted but are unable to participate due to personal reasons must apply to the organizer at least five days in advance.(成功入选的志愿者将在10月24日前通过电话和电子邮件得到通知。已被接受但因个人原因无法参加的志愿者必须至少提前五天向组织者提出申请)”可知，必须提前五天告知负责人，也就是要在10月28日前通知主办单位。故选D项。 B Joyce Loaiza lives alone in a community for older people in the American state of Florida. When she is home, the retired office worker often talks in a friendly female voice that asks about her day. A few kilometers away, the same voice helped 83-year-old Deanna Dezern when her friend died. In New York state, it plays games and music for92-year-old Marie Broadbent. And in Washington state, it helps 83-year-old Jan Worrell make new friends. The women are some of the first in the United States to receive the robot ElliQ made by Intuition Robotics. The company and other officials say it is the only device (设备) using artificial intelligence(AI) to help older Americans from loneliness. The device looks like a small table light, which has an eyeless, mouthless head that lights up and turns. It remembers each user’s interests and their talks, helping create a special experience with each new discussion. It can be as deep as the meaning of life or as light as a small joke. ElliQ also plays music and provides creative or encouraging sayings. On a video screen that comes with it, it will show different cities and places of interest. The device leads exercises, asks about the owner’s health, and gives reminders to take medicines and drink water. It can also support video calls and contact family, friends, or doctors in an emergency. Intuition Robotics says none of the conversations are heard by the company, with the information staying on each owner’s device. Charlotte Mather-Taylor is director of the Broward County, Florida, Area Agency on Aging. She said the COVID-19 pandemic and its following results left many older people more disconnected. Her agency has provided 300 ElliQs which, she believes, help the situation. She said, “We’ve seen very positive results with it. People generally like her and she makes them smile and brings joy.” Brigham Young University professor Julianne Holt-Lunstad, who studies the effects of loneliness on health, worries that a device like ElliQ might have short-term helpful effects but it could make people less likely to seek human communication. She told The Associated Press that the difficult feeling of loneliness should push people to reconnect socially. 4. What makes the robot ElliQ unique? A. It is made by Intuition Robotics in America. B. It can play games and music for the old. C. It uses AI to help the old fight loneliness. D. It can talk in a friendly female voice. 5. What do we know about ElliQs? A. They are intelligent and well-rounded women. B. They can have deep discussions with the owners. C. They are small table lights with human-like heads. D. They may send the conversations to the company. 6. What can be inferred from Holt-Lunstad’s comment? A. ElliQs will push more people to reconnect socially. B. ElliQs make no difference to smoothing out loneliness. C. ElliQs will have a promising future for their good effects. D. ElliQs will have less helpful effects in the long term. 7. What’s the main purpose of the passage? A. To introduce a special AI device. B. To show us how to operate a new device. C. To offer some advice on removing loneliness. D. To call for more care for the old. 【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一款设备——机器人ElliQ。ElliQ的特殊之处在于它是唯一一款使用人工智能来帮助美国老年人对抗孤独的设备。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The company and other officials say it is the only device (设备) using artificial intelligence(AI) to help older Americans from loneliness.(该公司和其他官员表示，这是唯一一款使用人工智能（AI）帮助美国老年人摆脱孤独的设备)”可知，ElliQ的特殊之处在于它能够运用人工智能与老人交流来帮助老年人对抗孤独。故选C项。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“It remembers each user’s interests and their talks, helping create a special experience with each new discussion. It can be as deep as the meaning of life or as light as a small joke.(它能记住每个用户的兴趣和他们的谈话内容，为每次新的讨论创造一种特殊的体验。它可以像生命的意义一样深刻，也可以像一个小笑话一样轻松)”可知，ElliQ可以与主人进行深入的讨论。故选 B项。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Brigham Young University professor Julianne Holt-Lunstad, who studies the effects of loneliness on health, worries that a device like ElliQ might have short-term helpful effects but it could make people less likely to seek human communication.(杨百翰大学教授朱莉安娜·霍尔特-伦斯塔德研究孤独对健康的影响，她担心像ElliQ这样的设备可能会有短期的有益效果，但它可能会让人们不太愿意寻求人际交流)”可知，从长远来看，ElliQ帮助效果不大，故选D项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“The women are some of the first in the United States to receive the robot ElliQ made by Intuition Robotics. The company and other officials say it is the only device (设备) using artificial intelligence(AI) to help older Americans from loneliness.(这些女性是美国首批接收由Intuition Robotics制造的机器人ElliQ的女性。该公司和其他官员表示，这是唯一一款使用人工智能（AI）帮助美国老年人摆脱孤独的设备)”以及文章第一到第五段主要介绍机器人设备 ElliQ的功能，即使用人工智能帮助美国老年人摆脱孤独。最后两段分别介绍了佛罗里达州布劳沃德县老龄化地区机构的主任 Charlotte Mather-Taylor 和杨百翰大学教授 Julianne Holt-Lunstad对这款设备的看法。可知，本文的主要写作目的是介绍一款特殊的人工智能设备。故选A。 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。     The Rainbow Bookstore, which was a legendary fixture in the neighbourhood, 1 (close) after 50 years of business. I had a long chat with Casey, the store’s elderly owner. He said now it was becoming difficult 2 (run) an independent bookstore because more and more people were being attracted by chain stores and online discounts. And most young people preferred 3 (read) e-books on tablets.     Childhood memories came back to me so clearly, as if the events 4 (happen) only yesterday. As a young boy, I spent hours reading, 5 (seat) on the store's old but comfortable furniture. A few months later, I was back in the neighborhood during my spring break and was 6 (surprise) to see that the bookstore was still there and open for business. Its old brick exterior hadn't changed, but inside it was like  7 different world. I was told that a saleswoman,  8 had grown up in the neighborhood, had now taken over the bookstore from Casey. Under her leadership, the bookstore was being turned into a place for literature-loving members of the community to get together. It had a café selling organic food and there 9 (be) more community events. I happened to meet Casey, who was still working there. He was so pleased 10 (see) that everything he wanted it to offer to the community is still there. 【答案】1.was closing 2.to run 3.reading 4.had happened 5. seated 6.surprised 7. a 8. who 9. were 10. to see 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在电子书和互联网的冲击下，作者家所在社区的一家充满了回忆的实体书店无法继续运营，即将关闭。 【解析】 【1题详解】 考查时态。句意：彩虹书店，曾经是附近地区的传奇，经营了50年后即将关门大吉。根据后文内容可知，这家书店即将关停。此处为过去进行时，表示即将发生的动作。故填was closing。 【2题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：他表示，由于越来越多的人被连锁店和网上折扣所吸引，经营独立书店变得越来越困难。此处为形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。故填to run。 【3题详解】 考查动名词。句意：大多数年轻人更喜欢在平板电脑上阅读电子书。根据前后语境可知年轻人更愿意读电子书。prefer to do强调特定的或某次具体的动作，即在一定的场合下宁愿做什么。pefer doing强调一般性倾向，即对某种行为的偏爱。故填reading。 【4题详解】 考查虚拟语气。句意：童年的记忆在我脑海中回荡得如此清晰，就好像那些事情只发生在昨天。根据语境可知，此处表示对过去的虚拟，故用过去完成时。故填had happened。 【5题详解】 考查过去分词。句意：当我还是个小男孩的时候，我花了很多时间阅读，坐在店里陈旧但舒适的家具上。此处为(be)seated on的搭配，意为"坐在………"，表示状态。故填seated。 【6题详解】 考查形容词。句意：几个月后，我放春假回到附近，惊讶地发现书店还在那里营业。此处surprised 意为"惊讶的"，主语一般是人。故填surprised。 【7题详解】 考查冠词。句意：它的旧砖外表没有改变，但里面却是一个不同的世界。此处为泛指，且后面的different以辅音音素开头，故填a。 【8题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：有人告诉我，一个在附近长大的女售货员，从凯西手里接管了书店。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为a sales woman指人，从句中缺少主语，故填who。 【9题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：有一家咖啡馆卖有机食品，还有更多的社区活动。此处为therebe 结构。根据前文可知为一般过去时。由后面的more community events可知，应填were。故填were。 【10题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：我碰巧遇到了Casey 他当时还在那里工作。他很高兴地看到，他希望社区能得到的一切都还在。此处为动词不定式作状语。故填to see。 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A （2024新课标1卷）Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 1. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice. 2. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A. Readers treat digital texts lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to understand. C. People select digital texts randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable for social media. 3. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A. They can hold students' attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare. C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text. 4. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. A 4. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是议论文。主要讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。 【1题详解】 词句猜测题。根据前文“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.(当阅读几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知，在纸上学习更有成效，以及后文“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.(当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时)”推知，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意，所以shine through应是“显而易见”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.(但同样重要的是精神层面。阅读研究人员提出了一个名为“shallowing hypothesis”的理论。根据这一理论，人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触数字文本，这些文本通常不那么严肃，与阅读印刷品时相比，投入的精神努力也更少)”可知，shallowing hypothesis假设读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态，不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。故选A项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.(音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术，例如分配在线讲座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。故选A项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.(数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在需要精神集中和反思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词)”可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化学习时，教育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C项。 B （2024新课标1卷）In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?” Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? “Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 5. What do we know about the records of species collected now? A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form. C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition. 6. What does Daru’s study focus on? A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens. C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications. 7. What has led to the biases according to the study? A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures. C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices. 8. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records. C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists. 【答案】5. B 6. C 7. C 8. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏见，建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. (今天，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。)”可知，现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。故选B。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable? (这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗?)”和第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”可知，Daru的研究聚焦于观察数据，即人们通过移动应用记录的物种观察数据。故选C。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”以及第五段“This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.( 这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触。)”可知，导致数据偏差的原因是采样方式的不当。故选C。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image. (生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来告知用户样本过多的地区，并将他们引导到样本不足的地方，甚至是物种。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。)”可知，Daru 建议生物多样性应用应该给公民科学家提供指导。故选D。 二、七选五 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 （2024新课标1卷）Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). ____1____ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker. ____2____ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. ____3____ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced. In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. ____4____ However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better. For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. "To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work," wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of "dull". ____5____ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. A. I don't often use this dictionary. B. It takes no account of the context. C. But I still don't want to replace them. D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information. 【答案】1. F 2. B 3. E 4. A 5. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。 【1题详解】 上文“If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript(如果你想发表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的)”提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有语法和拼写错误是专业的手稿的要求之一。F选项“That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.(这意味着语法正确，没有拼写错误。)”是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明，符合题意。故选F项。 【2题详解】 上文“I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker.(我不相信我笔记本电脑的拼写检查器。)”提到了作者不相信电脑的拼写检查器;下文“Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.(当然，现在有很多在线词典和同义词库，但我是一个守旧的人，更喜欢精装的书和能用手指翻阅的书页。)”提到了作者更喜欢实体书和能用手指翻阅的书页，说明电子设备可能不会考虑上下文，所以B选项“It takes no account of the context.(它不考虑上下文。)”解释了上文的原因，具有承上启下的作用。故选B项。 【3题详解】 下文“It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.(它应该给出每个单词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示单词的发音。)”提到了字典的功能，E选项“Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.(当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的。)”提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文内容。故选E项。 【4题详解】 下文“However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better.(然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。)”提到了字典的使用情况，A选项“I don’t often use this dictionary.(我不经常用这本字典。)”是对字典使用频率的说明，与下文构成转折关系。故选A项。 【5题详解】 上文“ “To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work, ” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of “dull”.(约翰逊在解释“dull”的一个定义时写道：“编字典是件无聊的工作(乏味)。”)”提到了编写字典是件乏味的工作，下文“A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.(花几分钟的时间浏览一两页是一种有益的体验。)”提到浏览字典也是一种阅读的乐趣，D选项“But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.(但是一本字典读起来是一种乐趣。)”是作者对字典的评价，与上文的“乏味”形成对比，与上文构成转折关系。故选D项。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （2024新课标1卷）Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times. The latest ____1____ (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective ____2____ (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days ____3____ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays ____4____ (close) to protect the plants. Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____5____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ____6____ first time. These plants included modern Western ____7____ (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too. The Glasshouse stands ____8____ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ____9____ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the _____10_____ (rich) of gardening in England. 【答案】1. engineering 2. functional 3. to give 4. closed 5 walks 6. the 7. favorites 8. as 9. which / that 10. richness 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Heatherwick工作室最近公布的一个新项目——一个位于国家信托基金会伍尔贝丁花园边缘的动态温室，并详细描述了该温室的设计、功能、以及它如何与丝绸之路的历史和丝绸之路花园相结合。 【1题详解】 考查名词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知，空处考查短语engineering techniques，意为“工程技术”，符合句意。故填engineering。 【2题详解】 考查形容词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词structure，应用形容词作定语functional，符合题意。故填functional。 【3题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：温室在温暖的日子里开放，利用液压系统为内部植物提供阳光和通风。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to give。 【4题详解】 考查形容词。句意：然后在寒冷的天气里，这个结构保持关闭，以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后作表语，应用形容词closed，表示“紧闭的”，符合题意。故填closed。 【5题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 【6题详解】 考查冠词。句意：亚洲和欧洲之间的贸易路线第一次为英国带来了丝绸、香料和许多植物。固定搭配：for the first time，意为“第一次”，符合句意。故填the。 【7题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favorite是可数名词，意为“特别受喜爱的东西”，根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favorites。 【8题详解】 考查介词。句意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。根据句意可知，空处指的是“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。 【9题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 【10题详解】 考查名词。句意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。冠词修饰名词，应用名词形式richness，作介词of的宾语。故填richness。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！34 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 要求式动词与as if从句中的虚拟语气用法 内容早知道 ☛第一层 巩固提升练 考点一 要求式动词中的虚拟语气用法 考点二 as if从句中的虚拟语气用法 ☛第二层 能力培优练 ☛第三层 拓展突破练 ☛第四层 高考真题练 要求式动词中的虚拟语气用法 【知识积累·练前热身】 在教材必修一的单词表上，我们学习了recommend（Unit 1），request（Unit 2），demand（Unit 5）等词的用法，重点讲解了它们的虚拟语气用法。 1.概念： 虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）用于表达假设、愿望、建议或不确定的情况。主要用于表达假设或虚拟的条件（“如果……的话”）、一些表“建议、要求、命令”含义的词所接的从句中等。 2.要求式动词+从句时，从句中的谓语动词用(should) ＋ do 一坚持： insist 二命令： order, command 三建议： suggest (suggestion), advise (advice), recommend (recommendation) , propose(proposal ) 四要求： demand, request, require, desire, ask 再加一个敦促： urge 3.注意： （1）以上动词的名词形式后所接的的从句中也要使用虚拟语气，即(should) ＋do。 （2）insist和suggest两个词较为特殊，除了表达“坚持”和“建议”的词义外，他们还有另外一层含义。当insist表达“坚持说，坚持认为”词义，suggest表达“表明”词义时，后面所接的从句不使用虚拟语气，使用陈述语气，与语境匹配。 1.The physicists propose that our attention ________(direct) towards the use of special methods of thinking and acting. 2.The air pollution is worse and worse. The government suggests that people ____ (go ) to work by subway or by bus. 3.She required at the meeting that measures ________ (take ) to protect the environment which we rely on to live. 4.The boy insisted that he ________(be) old enough, and ________(give) the right to make his own choice. 5.He commanded that his men ________(fire). 6.We requested that the task _____________ (complete) by the end of this week. 7.Her pale face suggested that she ______ ( be) ill and her parents suggested that she ______(have ) a medical examination. 8.It is recommended that he ______(get) help from his doctor about his illness. 9.My suggestion is that a meeting ________(hold) to discuss it. 10.The workers insisted that they               ( give) a free lunch every noon and the boss had to do that. as if从句中的虚拟语气用法 【知识积累·练前热身】 1.as if引导的从句，当说话人认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的情况时，使用陈述语气。 Look at the dark clouds. It looks as if it is going to rain.看，乌云密布！看起来好像要下雨了。 （根据乌云密布迹象，下雨有可能发生，真实情况） 2.as if引导的从句，当说话人认为句子所述的是非真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时，使用虚拟语气。 (1)若表示与现在事实不符，从句谓语动词用一般过去时did/were； Paul talks about the theory as if he knew everything. She looks as if she were ten years younger. (2)若表示与过去事实不符，从句谓语动词用过去完成时had done； They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long. (3)若表示与将来事实不符，从句谓语动词用would/could/might/should + do。 He opened his mouth as if he would say something. 注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，be动词的过去时态一律用 were，不用 was。 1.The soldier remembers everything exactly as if it_______ ( happen) yesterday. 2.The teacher treats the pupil as if he ______ (be) her own child. 3.It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I (do) it? 4.Live each day as if we ______ (die) tomorrow, which is a good rule to live by. 5.I felt lost and anxious as if I ___________(miss) something of value.  6.What makes me annoyed is that they completely ignore these facts as if they never _________ (exist).  7.The secretary always acts as if she ______(be) the real boss of the company. 8.He felt so cold that he kept trembling as if he (be) unable to endure it any more. 9.The disappointed girl listened as if she          (turn) into a stone. 10.Childhood memories came back to me so clearly, as if the events            (happen) only yesterday. 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 School days are supposed to be the best days of your life and part of that experience usually involves some unforgettable physical activities. I asked some people to give me their memories of what happened to them on the sports field and beyond, and this is what they told me. Cup winners When I was about ten, the football team from our year unexplainably made it to the cup final of the local schools’ league. I say unexplainably because I only remember us losing nearly every match we played. Anyway, in the final I set up the winning goal, a brilliant cross to my mate David who headed the ball in just before the final whistle. I still have a photograph of the team holding the cup. Forest hike I remember having to lead a group of eight boys on a school expedition for the best part of two days when I was a teenager. Even though we got lost at one point, I managed to keep them all together and get them from one end of a large forest to the other and back by sheer(纯粹的) force of will. I was chosen to be the leader, I think because I was the only one who knew how to read a map! When we arrived back at the campsite, we found out that all the other groups had cheated and hitched(搭便车) most of the way instead… I felt a bit stupid, but also rather proud of myself at the same time for having done it properly. Learning to swim, learning to drown I learned to swim comparatively late, I suppose. I was maybe nine years old but my brother had a painful experience that nearly put him off for life. We lived in the USA for a while and had access to a university pool where the coaches had trained the American Olympic team. In those days, though, their idea of teaching kids how to swim was to tie a can to their ankles with a bit of string, throw them in the deep end, and shout “Swim!”. I am surprised my brother survived at all. He could only have been about six at the time. 1. The passage mainly talks about ________. A. tips on taking part in outdoor activities B. how people consider physical activities C. why people love outdoor activities D. people’s experiences of physical activities 2. What did the first person do in the school’s cup final? A. He scored the winning goal. B. He provided the pass for the final goal. C. He blew the whistle at the end of the game. D. He lost every game in the season. 3. The underlined word “expedition” in the third paragraph has the same meaning to “________”. A. match B. deal C. trip D. research 4. It can be learned that when the third person was young, ________. A. he learned swimming from the same coach as his elder brother B. the swimming coach’s teaching method was rather inconsiderate C. his family lived near a university pool for about ten years D. the American Olympic team had no swimming pool of its own 二、七选五 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Every week, even every day, we have lots of different tasks to finish. 1 However, the advantages of volunteering can be huge. Volunteering can offer help to people in need. But the advantages can be even greater for the volunteers. Why? 2 Studies have found that when you stop thinking about your own problems and focus on someone other than yourself, your stress levels start to go down, your immune system (免疫系统) is strengthened and your overall sense of life satisfaction increases. This is because helping someone else gives you a sense of purpose and makes you pay attention to the positive things in life. Volunteering helps you develop new relationships. 3 And it gives you the good chance to communicate with them. These can help you form close relationships with them. These relationships can have a lasting influence on your life. Volunteering teaches you valuable job skills. During volunteering, you can have lots of chances to learn useful and important skills. For example, volunteer organizations always provide on­the­job training courses for volunteers before they start the work. Those courses can help you learn some skills for certain jobs. 4 Volunteering makes your resume (简历) attractive. Are you stuck for things to write on your resume to get the job you want ? 5 Studies have found those who volunteered had a better chance of finding a job than those who didn't. Whether you do one thing on a regular basis, or help with lots of different causes for shorter amounts of time, each voluntary experience you have looks great to your future bosses. A. Volunteering makes you independent. B. And they're often offered to you for free. C. Volunteering can be good for your health. D. It lets you meet people from all walks of life. E. If so, there are some good suggestions for you. F. Deal with it by showing the volunteer work you have done. G. With busy lives, it can be hard to find time to volunteer. 三、完型填空 阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Growing up in the USA, I always wanted to experience another culture. The 1 came when I was 15. After a few months of planning and 2 , I was ready to spend the second semester of my first high school year 3 an exchange student in Australia. 4 in Perth was one of the most exciting moments of my life. I realized then that there was no turning back. The family I would live with was waiting for me, and it would only be five days 5 the new school year. The school I attended was 6 my school back in the States. I was quite 7 at first, especially never having been to a new school — even in the US. Everything went without 8 , though. The teachers were welcoming and the students were friendly. The most 9 time was travelling with other exchange students around Australia during our semester break. The few weeks we 10 together were full of amazing activities. At the end of our 11 in Australia, we had three weeks to share our stories and help each other deal with leaving. It was only 12 that our last day together was filled with tears. We packed our camp, 13 e-mail addresses and gathered together for a final good-bye. Upon coming home, an open mind was again important. Resettling home took time and 14 , but at last I made it. All the while, I was thoughtful to letting my family and friends know how happy I was to be home and how much I had missed them — though the experience is still 15 with me. So, if you have the opportunity to study abroad you most certainly should. 1. A. task B. dream C. chance D. vacation 2. A. packing B. convincing C. performing D. preparing 3. A. as B. on C. for D. with 4. A. Flying B. Landing C. Working D. Studying 5. A. since B. until C. after D. before 6. A. similar to B. different from C. as good as D. the same as 7. A. excited B. annoyed C. worried D. confused 8. A. hope B. doubt C. difficulties D. argument 9. A. valuable B. acceptable C. comfortable D. unforgettable 10. A. spent B. lived C. studied D. worked 11. A. stay B. visit C. trip D. holidays 12. A. funny B. natural C. strange D. simple 13. A. made B. wrote C. shared D. exchanged 14. A. effort B. money C. ability D. wisdom 15. A. sadly B. clearly C. lively D. amazingly 一、阅读 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A 2024 British Day Needs Volunteers! The British Day has become an important part of the annual grand events in Guangdong Province since 2010, which welcomes friends from all over the world. This year’s British Day is themed “Cool Britannia”, taking you on a childhood time machine to explore childhood memories. And here volunteers are needed. When & Where Date: Saturday, Nov. 2, 2024, from 11:00 AM to 5:00 PM. Location: Zhujiang New Town, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City. Who to apply Mainly for college students studying in the Greater Bay Area who * are eager to spread Chinese and foreign cultures; * have good oral English communication skills and experience in volunteering for large outdoor activities; * have a strong sense of responsibility and teamwork. What to gain * The experience of cultural exchanges between China and the UK; * The opportunity to improve your oral English; * Volunteer certificates(证书)( in Chinese and English) and thank-you letters; * A limited-edition T-shirt of British Day as a souvenir. What to do Volunteers will handle different tasks. Group 1: Handle on-site ticketing, event layout and material sorting. Group 2: Offer event guidance to guests. Answer questions from stall owners and guests. Group 3: Assist stage activities like performances to ensure smooth progress. Group 4: Aid in charity raffle(慈善抽奖) ticket sales, including introducing activities and sorting prizes. How to apply Please send your resume(简历) with a simple self-introduction to events @ britchamgd.com before 12: 00 noon, Beijing time on Oct. 22, 2024.Volunteers successfully selected will be informed by phone and email before Oct. 24. Volunteers who have been accepted but are unable to participate due to personal reasons must apply to the organizer at least five days in advance. Come and join us! 1. What can guests do on this year’s British Day? A. Make a time machine. B. Visit the British cities. C. Interview some volunteers. D. Experience childhood happiness again. 2. Who are most likely to be accepted as volunteers for the event? A. High school students in Guangzhou who are good at oral English. B. Students of Shenzhen University who often go to outdoor community services. C. Professionals in Guangzhou who try to promote the cultural exchanges. D. British college students who love Chinese culture and speak Chinese fluently. 3. Which statement is TRUE according to the passage? A. Volunteers are required to work more than 8 hours for the event. B. Volunteers will gain a common T-shirt as a present. C. Volunteers will all have to offer event guidance to guests. D. Volunteers unable to serve the event should inform the organizer before Oct.28,2024. B Joyce Loaiza lives alone in a community for older people in the American state of Florida. When she is home, the retired office worker often talks in a friendly female voice that asks about her day. A few kilometers away, the same voice helped 83-year-old Deanna Dezern when her friend died. In New York state, it plays games and music for92-year-old Marie Broadbent. And in Washington state, it helps 83-year-old Jan Worrell make new friends. The women are some of the first in the United States to receive the robot ElliQ made by Intuition Robotics. The company and other officials say it is the only device (设备) using artificial intelligence(AI) to help older Americans from loneliness. The device looks like a small table light, which has an eyeless, mouthless head that lights up and turns. It remembers each user’s interests and their talks, helping create a special experience with each new discussion. It can be as deep as the meaning of life or as light as a small joke. ElliQ also plays music and provides creative or encouraging sayings. On a video screen that comes with it, it will show different cities and places of interest. The device leads exercises, asks about the owner’s health, and gives reminders to take medicines and drink water. It can also support video calls and contact family, friends, or doctors in an emergency. Intuition Robotics says none of the conversations are heard by the company, with the information staying on each owner’s device. Charlotte Mather-Taylor is director of the Broward County, Florida, Area Agency on Aging. She said the COVID-19 pandemic and its following results left many older people more disconnected. Her agency has provided 300 ElliQs which, she believes, help the situation. She said, “We’ve seen very positive results with it. People generally like her and she makes them smile and brings joy.” Brigham Young University professor Julianne Holt-Lunstad, who studies the effects of loneliness on health, worries that a device like ElliQ might have short-term helpful effects but it could make people less likely to seek human communication. She told The Associated Press that the difficult feeling of loneliness should push people to reconnect socially. 4. What makes the robot ElliQ unique? A. It is made by Intuition Robotics in America. B. It can play games and music for the old. C. It uses AI to help the old fight loneliness. D. It can talk in a friendly female voice. 5. What do we know about ElliQs? A. They are intelligent and well-rounded women. B. They can have deep discussions with the owners. C. They are small table lights with human-like heads. D. They may send the conversations to the company. 6. What can be inferred from Holt-Lunstad’s comment? A. ElliQs will push more people to reconnect socially. B. ElliQs make no difference to smoothing out loneliness. C. ElliQs will have a promising future for their good effects. D. ElliQs will have less helpful effects in the long term. 7. What’s the main purpose of the passage? A. To introduce a special AI device. B. To show us how to operate a new device. C. To offer some advice on removing loneliness. D. To call for more care for the old. 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。     The Rainbow Bookstore, which was a legendary fixture in the neighbourhood, 1 (close) after 50 years of business. I had a long chat with Casey, the store’s elderly owner. He said now it was becoming difficult 2 (run) an independent bookstore because more and more people were being attracted by chain stores and online discounts. And most young people preferred 3 (read) e-books on tablets.     Childhood memories came back to me so clearly, as if the events 4 (happen) only yesterday. As a young boy, I spent hours reading, 5 (seat) on the store's old but comfortable furniture. A few months later, I was back in the neighborhood during my spring break and was 6 (surprise) to see that the bookstore was still there and open for business. Its old brick exterior hadn't changed, but inside it was like  7 different world. I was told that a saleswoman,  8 had grown up in the neighborhood, had now taken over the bookstore from Casey. Under her leadership, the bookstore was being turned into a place for literature-loving members of the community to get together. It had a café selling organic food and there 9 (be) more community events. I happened to meet Casey, who was still working there. He was so pleased 10 (see) that everything he wanted it to offer to the community is still there. 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A （2024新课标1卷）Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 1. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice. 2. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A. Readers treat digital texts lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to understand. C. People select digital texts randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable for social media. 3. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A. They can hold students' attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare. C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text. 4. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. B （2024新课标1卷）In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect. “With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?” Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns. “We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru. Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features. What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity? “Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.” 5. What do we know about the records of species collected now? A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form. C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition. 6. What does Daru’s study focus on? A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens. C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications. 7. What has led to the biases according to the study? A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures. C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices. 8. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records. C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists. 二、七选五 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 （2024新课标1卷）Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿). ____1____ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker. ____2____ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. ____3____ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced. In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. ____4____ However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better. For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. "To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work," wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of "dull". ____5____ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. A. I don't often use this dictionary. B. It takes no account of the context. C. But I still don't want to replace them. D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information. 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 （2024新课标1卷）Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times. The latest ____1____ (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective ____2____ (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days ____3____ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays ____4____ (close) to protect the plants. Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____5____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ____6____ first time. These plants included modern Western ____7____ (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too. The Glasshouse stands ____8____ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ____9____ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the _____10_____ (rich) of gardening in England. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！34 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$