内容正文:
专 题 03
情态动词
一轮复习讲练测
英
语
1
01
考情透视·目标导航
02
知识导图·思维引航
03
考点突破·考法探究
04
分层训练·巩固提升
目录
CONTENTS
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考点 课标要求 考查频次 命题预测
情态动词的分类和特点 掌握情态动词的语法特征并且知道情态动词的分类 10年10考
情态动词
的用法 掌握每个情态动词基本含义和具体用法(特别注意情态动词表推测) 10年10考
易混情态
动词辨析 在具体语境下考查情态动词的词义辨析(主要是近义词) 近10年偶
有考查
考情透视·目标导航
分析近年中考真题可知,中考对情态动词的考查比较常见。听力中对情态动词(提出请求建议)高频考查;单项选择必考题型;完形填空和阅读理解中一旦涉及到情态动词的句子,则很可能涉及长难句的翻译;语法填空中情态动词题型涉及较多;含有情态动词的被动语态也偶有考查。
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02
知识导图·思维引航
can/could
表征求意见或提出请求、
表许诺命令等语气
should表责任或义务
may/might
must/have to
need
情态动词
have to表必须,不得不
表能力;表许可
或请求;表推测
must表必须,表推测
must与have to的区别
表许可,表可能性;
表祝愿
情态动词,后接动词原形
实义动词,后接动词不定式
should表委婉劝告等
should表推测
should表惊讶愤怒等
ought to表责任和义务
表建议劝告-意为“最好”
表过去常常做某事
shall
should/ought to
had better
will/would
表意愿;表请求允许或建议;
表习惯或特征;表可能性等
used to
dare
情态动词,后接动词原形
实义动词,后接动词不定式
4
考点突破·考法探究
考点1:情态动词的分类和特点
情态动词辨析在中考英语中是比较重要且常考的知识点, 常出现在单项选择、完型填空题型里。在单项选择中会给出一个语境,让考生选择合适的情态动词来使句子意思完整、准确; 在完型填空中,会根据文章的语境,如人物的请求、许可、义务等情节来考查情态动词的正确使用,以此来考查学生对情态动词所表达语义的理解和运用能力。
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情态动词的分类
He must have left already. 他肯定已经离开了。 She may be at home now. 她现在可能在家。
She can‘t come to the party tonight. 她今晚不能来参加聚会。 We ought to help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。
用作情态动词: Need I come? 我需要来吗? Dare you catch the mouse? 你敢去抓那只老鼠吗?
用作实义动词: You don’t need to do it yourself. 你不必亲自做这件事。 I dare say he’ll come again. 我想他会再来。
用作情态动词:You shall go to there at once. 你马上到前线去。You shouldn't drive after drinking.. 你不应该酒后驾车。
用作助动词:I will go to the store tomorrow. 我明天会去商店。 I knew I would be late. 我知道我会迟到。
We had to cancel the trip because of the storm. 由于暴风雨,我们不得不取消了旅行。
We had better not waste any more time. 我们最好不要再浪费时间了。
(1)只作情态动词:must;can/could;may/might;ought to
(2)既可作情态动词又可作实义动词:need,dare
(3)既可作情态动词又可作助动词:shall/should; will/would
(4)具有情态动词某些特征:have/had to;had better
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情态动词的特点
情态动词无人称和数的变化(have to除外)。
个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式。
情态动词的否定式在其后加not; have to除外
情态动词后接动词原形。
具有助动词的作用,可用来构成否定句、疑问句及用于简明答语。
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考点突破·考法探究
考点2:情态动词的用法
情态动词在中考中的用法主要包括表示能力、许可和可能性;表示
推测;表示义务和
责任;表示建议和
劝告;表示请求和
允许;表示惊讶和
怀疑等。
知识梳理:can/could 的用法
(1)表示能力,could表示过去的能力。
I can read this sentence in English. 我能用英语读这句话。
How long can you balance on one leg? 你单腿能站多久?
(2)表示可能(理论上或是逻辑上)。
He can't/couldn't have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买一辆新车。
(3) 表示允许。
Can I have a look at your new pen? 我能看看你的新钢笔吗?
(4)用于推测,表示可能性,意为“可能”,could比can更加不肯定,多用于否定或疑问句。
He can't/couldn't be over sixty. 他不可能超过六十岁了。
How can you be so careless? 你怎么能这么粗心呢?
(5)比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。
Can/Could you lend me a hand? 你能帮我一下吗?
can 的一般疑问句,肯定回答用Yes, ...can;否定回答用No, ...can’t。
-Can you play the piano?
你会弹钢琴吗?
-Yes, I can. 是的,我会。
-No, I can’t 不,我不会。
TIP
知识梳理:may/might 的用法
用法 解释 示例
表示许可
意为“可以”,might语气更委婉。表示给予许可时可用may/can,但
不能用might。may/might开头的
疑问句,肯定回答用can,否定回答用 mustn't/can't/had better not。 —May I speak to Laura, please?
请问我能和劳拉通话吗?
—Yes, you can. 是的,你可以。
表示可能性 意为“也许,可能”,表示把握性不大的推测,might的可能性比may 小。 Amy might come to join us this afternoon, but I'm not sure.艾米今天下午可能来加入我们,但我不确定。
表示祝愿 只能用may,且may常位于句首,
“May+主语+动词原形”。 May you have good luck!祝你好运!
注:may的否定式是may not,意为“可能不”。表示“不许,禁止”等含义时,常用mustn’t。
1. may的一般疑问句,肯定回答用Yes, ...can. /Yes, of course. /Yes, certainly.;否定回答用No, ...can’t/mustn’t。
—Might/May I smoke in this room? 我可以在这间屋子里抽烟吗?
—Yes, you can. 是的,你可以。/No, you can’t/mustn’t. 不,不可以。
2. 用于表示推测时,may和might一般不用于疑问句,而在疑问句中,常使用can;在否定句中,may not/might not意为"可能不",而can’t/couldn’t意为"不可能"。
The young people might not like the idea. 年轻人可能不喜欢这个主意。
It can’t/couldn’t be our headmaster. He has gone to America.
那人不可能是我们校长。他已经去美国了。
TIP1
TIP2
知识梳理:must 的用法
(1)表示义务,意为“必须”(主观意志)。
All visitors must report to reception. 所有来宾必须到接待处报到。
(2)用must提问,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn't/don't have to。
(3)表示推测,暗含很大可能性,意为“想必,准是,一定”等,只用于肯定句。
He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他一定是病了。他看起来很苍白。
(4)表示“偏偏,非要”。
Must you ask me such a question? 你非得问我这样的问题吗?
(5)mustn't 意为“不要,千万别”,表示禁止。
Children mustn't play with fire. 孩子们不能玩火。
must的一般疑问句,肯定回答为Yes, ...must.;否定回答为No, ...needn’t./No, ...don’t have to.
—Must I clean the classroom now?
我必须现在打扫教室吗?
—Yes, you must. 是的,你必须。/No, you don’t have to. /No, you needn’t. 不,你不必。
TIP
must和have to
的区别
①用must表示"必须"的意思时,通常着重于说话者的主观看法,认为
有必要去做某事;而have to着重于客观需要,含有"不得不"的意思。
We must study English hard.
我们必须努力学习英语。
You are ill today. You have to see a doctor.
你今天病了,不得不去看医生。
②用must表示"必须",只有现在时态的形式,如果要表示
过去时或将来时的"必须",就要用have to的相应形式。
You must drive fast to catch the time.
你必须开车开快点来赶时间。
They will have to leave tomorrow morning.
他们必须明天早晨起程。
知识梳理:must 的用法
知识梳理:shall 的用法
(1)表示征询意见,用于第一、第三人称疑问句。
征询意见:When shall I be at your place? 我什么时候去你那儿?
请求指示:Shall he wait for you outside? 要不要他在外面等你?
(2)表示说话人的意愿,有“命令,允诺,警告,决心”等意思,用于第二、第三人称陈述句。
命令: You shall do as I say. 你要照我说的去做。
警告: Everyone shall not pass without permission! 没有允许,任何人休想通过!
允诺:You shall have your book back soon. 你会很快得到你的书。
威胁:You shall suffer for this. 你会为此事吃苦头的。
(3) 在法律和规章中的使用:shall在法律、规章和条约中常用于表示“必须”或“应该”,具有
强制性和规定性。
规定:Each competitor shall wear a number. 每个参赛者要戴一个号码。
命令:You shall go to the front at once. 你马上到前线去。
(4)不可避免的某事:shall还可以表示某事是不可避免的,具有必然性。
That day shall come. 那一天总会来的。
知识梳理:will的用法
(1)表示意愿,用于各种人称陈述句。
If you will read the book, I'll lend it to you. 如果你愿意读这本书,我就借给你。
(2)表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。
I will study hard. 我会努力学习。
(3)表示临时作出的决定。
—Someone is knocking at the door. 有人在敲门。
—I will answer it. 我来开门。
(4)用于条件句:Will可以用于条件句中,表示假设的条件。
If he comes, I will be happy. 如果他来,我就会开心。
(5)用于请求或命令:Will可以用于请求或命令的语气中。
You will do this right now. 你马上做这个。
(6)表示推测:Will可以用于推测未来的情况。
That will be the right answer. 那应该就是正确答案。
知识梳理:would的用法
(1) 表示过去的意愿:Would可以表示过去的意愿或决心。
She just wouldn't do what I asked her.
她就是不愿照我说的去做。
(2)表示过去的习惯性动作:Would可以用于表示过去的习惯性动作。
We would go swimming every summer when we were children.
我们小时候每年夏天都去游泳。
(3)表示委婉的请求:Would在陈述句或疑问句中表示请求,语气更加委婉。
I would like some tea.
我想要一些茶。
(4)表示虚拟、假设、条件等:在虚拟语气中,Would表示与现在或将来事实相反的情况。
If I were younger, I would join you in the expedition to the Antarctic.
如果我年轻些,我就会跟你们一起去南极探险。
would like意为"愿意,想要";would like/love to do sth 意为"愿意/想要做某事";would like sb to do sth意为"想要某人做某事"。
Would you like a cup of tea? 你想喝杯茶吗?
Would you like to sing a song? 你想唱首歌吗?
I would like you to wake me up at 5:30 tomorrow morning.
我想让你在明天早晨5:30叫醒我。
TIP
知识梳理:should/ought to的用法
(1)表示义务,意为“应该”(某件事适宜做),用于各种人称。
You should be polite to your teachers. 你应该对老师有礼貌。
Such things ought to be banned. 这种事应该禁止。
(2)表示推测,意为“想必,一定,照说应该,估计”等。
They should be home by now. 他们现在应该在家。
If he started out at nine, he ought to be here by now. 他如果九点出发,现在应该到这里了。
(3)should还可以用在if引导的虚拟条件从句中。should置于句首时,省略if,相当于“万一” 。
If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic. 如果现在不下雨的话,我们就出去野餐了。
Should you change your mind, please let us know. 万一你改变主意,请让我们知道。
(4)should还可用在以 why, who, how等开头的疑问句或某些感叹句中,带有感情色彩。意为“竟然,竟会”。
Why should you be so late today? 你今天竟然来得这么晚?
You needn’t try to explain.
你不需要解释。
Need we stay here this evening?
今晚我们需要在这儿住下来吗?
作
情
态
动
词
作
实
义
动
词
She needs to come tomorrow.
明天她需要来。
Does he need to go so soon?
他需要这么快就走吗?
need作实义动词时,可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中,有人称、数和时态的变化;其后可接名词、代词、带to的不定式或动名词作宾语。
The classroom needs cleaning.
=The classroom needs to be cleaned.
教室需要打扫。
need作情态动词时多用于否定句和疑问句中,无人称和数的变化,后接动词原形。由need引起的一般疑问句, 肯定回答为Yes, ... must.;否定回答为No, ...needn’t.
—Need I get up early? 我需要早起吗?
—Yes, you must.是的,需要。
—No, you needn’t.不,不需要。
知识梳理:need的用法
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知识梳理:dare的用法
dare“敢,敢于”,没有人称、数和时态的变化,主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中,后接
动词原形。作实义动词时,在肯定句中通常接带to的不定式,在疑问句和否定句中,dare之
后的不定式可省略to。
dare用作情态动词时,通常用于否定句或疑问句。
Dare you tell her the truth? 你敢告诉她事实真相吗?
I don't know whether he dare try. 我不知道他是否敢试一试。
I daren't ask her for a rise. 我不敢要求她加薪。
dare也可以用于条件句中。
If he dared, he would try. 如果他敢,他会试一试。
I wouldn't dare to say that. 我可不敢说那种话。
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知识梳理:used to/had better的用法
(1)used to+动词原形表示过去的习惯动作或状态,现在不再发生或不存在。疑问式和否定式有两种。
There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down.
过去在街角有一幢大楼,但现在已经被拆掉了。
Used you/Did you use to go to school on foot?
你过去常常步行去上学吗?
(2)had better意为“最好”,后面接动词原形,否定式为had better not do。
We had better take an umbrella in case it rains.
以防下雨,我们最好带把伞。
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考点突破·考法探究
考点3:易混情态动词辨析
情态动词辨析在中考英语中是比较重要且常考的知识点,常出现在单项选择、完型填空等题型里。在单项选择中会给出一个语境,让考生选择合适的情态动词来使句子意思完整、准确; 在完型填空中,会根据文章的语境,如人物的请求、许可、义务等情节来考查情态动词的正确使用,以此来考
查学生对情态动词所表达语义的理解和运用能力。
情态动词 用法说明
表示“能、会”的
can, could, be able to
表示“允许”的
can, could, may, might 表示“能力”时,两者可换用;但can只有一般时和过去时,因此在shall,will,have等后面,要用be able to,但两者不能重叠使用,后者可用于更多的时态,could表示的是“过去的一般能力”,若表示“某事终于成功”,应该用was/were able to
当请求允许做某事时,常用can。在无把握得到允许或表示客气时可用could; may/might则多用于正式文体。当表示允许某人做某事时,要用can或may,不能用could和might.
must
have to must表示说话人的主管看法,即主观上的必要性;have to表示客观需要,即周围的环境、习惯、协约等所要求某人或某人“不得不做某事”。Must无人称、时态和数的变化,只有一种形式;have to可有过去式、将来式,其一般现在时有人称和数的变化。
must not
need not
may not Mustn’t表示“不准、禁止”;needn’t表示“不必,没有必要”,相当于don’t have to,not necessary; may not随语境变化,含两种含义:“不可能”和“不允许”。
had better
would rather Had和would均无过去的含义,其后都接“不带to的不定式”。had better意为“最好”,否定式为had better not do;疑问式为had ... (not) better do ...? would rather意为“宁愿”,表选择,否定式是would rather not do;若在两者间选择,用than连接“不被选择”的对象;would rather后可接that从句,注意从句的时态要用过去式。
I can’t jump so high now, but I could when I was young. We will be able to use it soon.
She could/was able to play the piano when she was ten. He was able to get there in the end.
Could I use your mobile phone? Yes, of course you can,
Might I trouble you for a while? You may indeed.
Mother is ill. I must look after her. Mother is ill. I have to do housework.
We must do morning exercises every day, but he has to do it twice today.
My grandfather had to beg in the street when he was our age.
You mustn’t tell her about it.=Don’t tell her about it.
You needn’t run so fast.=You don’t have to run so fast.=It is not necessary for your to run so fast.
You had better not go there now. I would rather tell you my story.
Would you rather have tea or coffee? I’d rather drink tea than coffee.
We would rather you came here tomorrow.
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分层训练·巩固提升
一、基础巩固
1.—Mum, ________ I play basketball with Mike now?
—I’m afraid you can’t. You should do your homework first.
A.can B.must C.should D.need
2.—________ you show me around Beijing tomorrow? I’ll be there this evening.
—Sure, no problem.
A.Could B.Should C.Must D.Need
3.—Excuse me, ________ I take the magazine out of the reading room?
—Sorry, you can’t.
A.must B.would C.may D.need
4.— Look at this pink water bottle. ________ it be Lily’s?
— It ________ be hers. She does seem scatterbrained sometimes.
A.May; might B.Can; can C.Can; might D.May; can
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分层训练·巩固提升
5.Visitors ________ touch the paintings in the museum. It is the rule.
A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.may not D.wouldn’t
6.—When ________ we meet? —Let’s make it 3:00 at my home.
A.do B.shall C.must
7.—Don’t play the dangerous game. —Sorry! I ________ do it.
A.won’t B.don’t C.can’t D.mustn’t
8.—Would you like something to drink?—_________ I really like some lemon tea.
A.Yes, I would. B.Yes, please. C.Yes, thanks. D.Yes, give me.
9.—Oh! The assistant is coming this way. You ________ take photos in the museum.
—Sorry! I won’t do it again.
A.needn’t B.don’t C.shouldn’t D.didn’t
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分层训练·巩固提升
选词填空。
用情态动词must, mustn’t, may, can填空
1.Anyone _____________ pick flowers in the garden.
2. _____________ you see anything on the black paper?
3.He _____________ eat all his vegetables to grow tall and strong.
4.Most children _____________ jump rope very well.
5.You can go to the movies with Peter, but you _____________ be late home.
6. _____________ I use your bike?
7. _____________ I try on the blue shirt?
8.We can play the video games, but we _____________ clean our bedroom first.
mustn’t
Can
must
can
mustn’t
May
May
must
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分层训练·巩固提升
选词填空。
用情态动词can/may/must的适当形式填空。
9.—What _________ I do for you? —I want some apples.
10.My father _________ ride a bike, but he drives a car.
11.You are ill, Tom. You _________ see a doctor.
12.Children _________ play football in the street.
13.If you are not careful, a car _________ hit you.
14.— _________ I come in? —Come in, please.
15.A blind man _________ see anything.
16.Please ask the policeman, for he _________ know the way to the hospital, I’m sure.
17.—May I use your telephone? —No, you _________ . .
can
can
must
may
mustn’t
May
can’t
must
can’t
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阅读短文,从方框中选择恰当的情态动词填空。(可重复使用)
may might could must can’t
Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson were having a cup of tea at five, as they usually did, when the doorbell rang.
“That ________ be Mrs. Brown. I was expecting her this evening,” said Sherlock Holmes.
“No, it ________ be her. She called this morning while you were out to say she would not be able to make it this evening. She also said she ______________ come tomorrow evening, but she would call again anyway to confirm it,” replied Dr. Watson.
“Well, that’s very strange, my dear Watson. Mrs. Brown ________ have called this morning because I was with her all day till we parted for lunch. It ________ have been someone
分层训练·巩固提升
must
can’t
may/might/cold
can’t
must
她还说她明天晚上可能会来。根据“she would call again anyway to confirm it”可知,她会打电话再确认,所以不能确定明天到底来不来故填may/might/could。
不可能是她。今天早上你出去的时候,她打电话说今天晚上不能来了。根据“She called this morning while you were out to say she would not be able to make it this evening”可知,华生接到了她的电话,说她晚上有事来不了了。故填can’t。
那一定是别人假扮的。福尔摩斯知道Mrs. Brown不可能打来电话,所以一定是别人冒充的。故填must。
那一定是Mrs. Brown,我今晚在等她。根据“I was expecting her this evening”可知,夏洛克在等她,所以一定是她。故填must。
在Mrs. Brown今天早上不可能打电话,因为我一直和她在一块,一直到吃午饭的时候分开。根据句意,福尔摩斯一上午都跟Mrs. Brown待在一起,所以直到Mrs. Brown早上不可能打电话。故填can’t。
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else pretending (假装) it was her,” said Sherlock Holmes.
“But why? Do you think something ________________ have happened to the real Mrs. Brown?” replied Dr. Watson in a fearful tone (语气).
The doorbell rang again.
“Well, my dear Watson, the answer _____________ be waiting at the door right now. You’d better go and see, but I’m afraid it is not Mrs. Brown. It ________ be the person who called this morning. So be careful,” said Sherlock Holmes.
Dr. Watson hurried towards the door…
分层训练·巩固提升
may/might/could
must
他一定是今天早上打电话的那个人。根据“So be careful”可知,福尔摩斯猜到一定是打电话的人,所以在提醒华生注意安全。故填must。
答案可能现在就走门口等着,你最好去看看。根据“…have happened to the real Mrs. Brown”可知,华生问了Mrs. Brown的情况,福尔摩斯猜测答案可能就在门口。故填may/might/could。
你觉得Mrs. Brown可能发生什么事了吗?根据“It must have been someone else pretending (假装) it was her”可知,有人冒充Mrs. Brown,所以华生会担心Mrs. Brown有没有可能出了什么意外。故填may/might/could。
may/might/could
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THE END
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