专题06 非谓语动词之V-ed【语法串讲】-2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期末考点大串讲（人教版2019）

专题06 非谓语动词之V-ed Part 1V-ed基本概念 一、分词的意义 过去分词表示被动，它与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系。 另外，现在分词和过去分词在具体的句子使用中还能够表示时态的不同。一般来说，现在分词表示一般时态，或是进行时态；而过去分词表示一般时态，或是完成时态。 二、动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 一). 规则变化 1. 一般情况直接加ed，如ask—asked, work—worked 2. 以不发音的e结尾，只加d，如love—loved, dance—danced 3. 以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为i，再加ed，如try—tried, study—studied 4. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动词(以重读闭音节或r音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母)，先双写末尾这个辅音字母，再加ed，如clap / shop / trip / chat / beg / drop / fit / hug / plan / pat / regret / control 注：A. 以l结尾的动词，尾音节重读时，双写l，如control—controlled；尾音节不重读时，双不双写都可以，如travel—traveled(美) /travelled(英) 。 B. 读音与说明: ①-ed在清辅音音素后发音为[t]: helped, liked, finished, fetched, stopped, clapped ②-ed在浊辅音和元音后发音为[d]: believed, changed, planned, preferred, followed, stayed ③-ed在[t]、[d] 后发音为[id]: wanted, needed, admitted, permitted 二). 一些常见的不规则变化的动词 1）AAA型 （原形，过去式和过去分词一致） 原形 过去式 过去分词 中文意思 cut cut cut 切、割 shut shut shut 关、闭（门窗） put put put 放置 let let let 让 set set set 设置 bet bet/betted bet/betted 打赌 hit hit hit 撞击 hurt hurt hurt 受伤；疼痛 cost cost cost 值…钱；花费 read [ri:d] read [red] read [red] 朗读；阅读 cast cast cast 投，扔，掷 broadcast broadcast broadcast 广播，播出 spread spread spread 传播，蔓延 forecast forecast forecast 预报，预测 burst burst burst 爆裂，炸开 spit spit/spat spit/spat 吐痰 split split split 劈开，分开 knit knit knit 编织 quit quit/quitted quit/quitted 停止 rid rid rid 除去 sweat sweat/sweated sweat/sweated 流汗 thrust thrust thrust 刺入，刺 wed wed wed 结婚 wet wet wet 打湿 2）AAB型 （过去式与原形一致） 原形 过去式 过去分词 中文意思 beat beat beaten 击败 3）ABA型 （过去分词与原形一致） 原形 过去式 过去分词 中文意思 come came come 来 become became become 变得；成为 overcome overcame overcome 克服，战胜 run ran run 跑步；逃跑 4）ABB型 （过去式与过去分词一致） 原形 过去式 过去分词 中文意思 buy bought bought 购买 fight fought fought 打架；打仗 think thought thought 想；认为 seek sought sought 寻找；探究 bring brought brought 带来 catch caught caught 抓住；接住 teach taught taught 教；教书 lend lent lent 借出 send sent sent 送；派遣 spend spent spent 花费（时间、金钱） dream dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreamed 做梦，梦想 learn learnt/learned learnt/learned 学；学会 burn burnt/burned burnt/burned 燃烧；烧伤 hear heard heard 听见 mean [mi:n] meant [ment] meant [ment] 意思是 lean leant/leaned leant/leaned 倾斜 leap leapt/leaped leapt/leaped 跳跃，跨越 spoil spoilt/spoiled spoilt/spoiled 破坏，宠坏 lead led led 领导；致使 mislead misled misled 把…引错方向 leave left left 离开 keep kept kept 保持；保留 sleep slept slept 睡觉 oversleep overslept overslept 睡过头 sweep swept swept 打扫 feed fed fed 喂养；喂食 speed sped sped 加速（前进） flee fled fled 逃跑 meet met met 遇见；碰到 bleed bled bled 流血 breed bred bred 繁殖，产生 shoot shot shot 射击 light lit/lighted lit/lighted 点燃 get got got 获得；得到 win won won 获胜；赢得 shine shone/shined shone/shined 照耀 sit sat sat 坐下 dig dug dug 挖掘 stick stuck stuck 刺；戳 strike struck struck 打击，撞击 spin spun spun 自传 spring sprung sprung 弹跳，弹起 shrink shrunk/shrank shrunk/shrank 萎缩 sting stung stung 叮咬，刺激 swing swung swung （前后）摆动 hang hung hung 悬挂 hang hanged hanged 绞死 sell sold sold 出售 tell told told 告诉 retell retold retold 复述 foretell foretold foretold 预告，预言 feel felt felt 感觉；摸起来 kneel knelt knelt 跪下 smell smelt smelt 闻；嗅 spell spelt spelt 拼写 hold held held 拿着；握住 find found found 找到；发现 wind wound wound 卷起，缠绕 stand stood stood 站立 understand understood understood 理解 lay laid laid 蛋下, 产卵，平放 pay paid paid 付款 repay repaid repaid 偿还，报答 say [sei] said [sed] said [sed] 说 have /has had had 有 make made made 制作 bless blessed/blest blessed/blest 祝福 lose [lu:z] lost lost 丢失 deal dealt dealt 处理 spill spilt/spilled spilt/spilled 溅出，溢出 5）ABC型 （原形、过去式、过去分词不一致） 原形 过去式 过去分词 中文意思 begin began begun 开始 drink drank drunk 喝；饮 ring rang rung 铃（响）；打电话 sing sang sung 唱歌 sink sank sunk 下沉 swim swam swum 游泳 blow blew blown 吹；刮风 fly flew flown 飞；放（风筝） know knew [nju:] known 知道；懂得 grow grew grown 种植；生长 throw threw thrown 扔；投 draw drew drawn 绘画 withdraw withdrew withdrawn 拆退 show showed shown 出示；给…看 break broke broken 打破；不服从 sew sewed sewn 缝制 speak spoke spoken 说话 steal stole stolen 偷 choose chose chosen 选择 freeze froze frozen 冻结 wake woke woke / woken 醒来；唤醒 awake awoke awoken 唤醒 forget forgot forgotten 忘记 shave shaved shaven/shaved 剃须 take took taken 拿走 overtake overtook overtaken 赶超 undertake undertook undertaken 承担，保证 mistake mistook mistaken 错拿 shake shook shaken 摇动；握（手） eat ate eaten 吃 fall fell fallen 落下；摔倒 rise rose risen [rizn] 上升；上涨 arise arise arisen 产生，出现 drive drove driven [drivn] 驾驶 give gave given 给 forgive forgave forgiven 原谅 see saw seen 看见 foresee foresaw foreseen 预见 saw sawed sawn/sawed 锯 ride rode ridden 骑（车、马） hide hid hidden 躲藏 slide slid slid 滑动 bite bit bitten 咬 forbid forbade/forbad forbidden 禁止；不许 write wrote written 书写 bear bore born 忍受 tear tore torn 撕破 wear wore worn 穿、戴（衣帽等） swear swore sworn 发誓 weave wove woven 编织，织布 am / is was been 是，在 are were been 是，在 do / does did done 做 go went gone 去 lie lay lain 躺；卧 Part 2V-ed作状语 过去分词作状语，可以表示时间、让步、条件、原因、方式和结果，相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主语为主句主语，且与主句主语构成被动关系。 一、过去分词的语法功能 1. 作时间状语 相当于时间状语从句；可在过去分词前加上连词“when, while, until” 等，使其时间意义更明确。 Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful. 从山上看，这个公园非常美丽。 (=When it is seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.) 2. 作原因状语 相当于原因状语从句或并列结构从句。 Touched by his teacher’s words, the boy cried. 这个男孩被老师的话打动了，所以他哭了。 (=The boy was touched by his teacher’s words, so he cried.) 3. 作条件状语 相当于条件状语从句；可加连词if, unless等转换成条件状语从句。 Given more time, we could do it much better. 多给我们点时间，我们会做得更好。 (=If we were given more time, we could do it much better.) 4. 作让步状语 相当于让步状语从句；有时可加although, though, even if, even though, whether…or…等连词转换成让步状语从句。 Warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields. 尽管农民们已被告知将有暴风雨，但他们仍然在地里干活。 (= Though they had been warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields.) 5. 作方式伴随状语 加and 可转换成并列结构从句。 The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a group of his students.老师走进教室, 后面跟着一群学生。 (=The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of his students.) 分词作状语记忆口诀： 分词作状语，主语是问题。 逗号前后两动作，共用一主语。 主语找出后，再来判关系。 主动用-ing，被动用-ed， Having done 表先后，千万要牢记。 二、现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别 1)现在分词作状语，句子的主语是现在分词的动作的执行者，而过去分词作状语，句子的主语是分词的动作承受者。 Seeing the new bike, he jumped with joy. 看见了新自行车，他高兴地跳了起来。(he做了see这个动作) Seen from here，the picture appears beautiful indeed. 在这里看，这张画确实很美丽。(画是被看的) 2)从时间上看。过去分词可以表示完成或模糊的时间概念，而与现在分词的一-般式表示与主语动词同时或几乎同时发生，现在分词的完成式表示先于谓语动词发生。 Arriving there, they found the boy ill. 他们到那时发现男孩病了。(arriving与found同时发生) Hearing the noise outside, he rushed out.听到外面的吵闹声，他冲了出去。(hear和rush几乎同时发生) Having finished his homework, he went out. 做完了作业，他出去了。(finish先于went) Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks small. 从山顶上看，城市看上去很小。 (seen不表示完成，也不强调正在进行，只表示被动) Explained many times (= Having been explained many times) ，he understood what to do in the end. 给他解释了好多次了，他终于知道该做什么了。 (Explain与句子的主语是被动的，而且在谓语动作understood之前完成，可以用过去分词表示，相当于现在分词的完成式的被动形式，但是后者Having been explained更强调已经完成。) Part 3 V-ed作定语 1．过去分词作定语时的位置 (1)前置定语 一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。 The polluted water was to blame for the spread of cholera. 被污染的水造成了霍乱的传播。 [名师点津]　①有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，concerned(有关的)等。 There are few tigers left.It is time for the departments concerned to take measures to protect them from dying out. 剩余的老虎不多了，是相关部门采取措施保护它们免遭灭绝的时候了。 ②如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no与body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等，单个分词放在被修饰词的后面。 Is there anything unsolved？ 还有没有未解决的问题？ He is one of those invited.他是那些被邀请的人之一。 (2)后置定语 过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。 Last Tuesday in a mountainous area，there were a total of 173 sheep killed almost immediately(＝which were killed almost immediately) when lightning struck. 上周二在一个山区，有173只羊在被闪电击中时即刻死亡。 2．过去分词作定语时的意义 (1)及物动词的过去分词作定语，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时也不表示时间性。 He is a teacher respected by all. 他是一位人人尊敬的老师。(teacher和respect之间是逻辑上的被动关系) The high building built last year is our library. 去年建的那座高楼是我们的图书馆。 (built表示被动和完成) (2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语，它不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。 The ground is covered with the fallen leaves in autumn. 秋天，地面被落叶覆盖。 3．过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别 　　　　意义 形式 语态 时态 过去分词 被动 完成 现在分词 主动 进行 As we all know，China is a developing country. 众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。 The visitor came from a developed country. 这位游客来自一个发达国家。 4．过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别 　　　　意义 形式 语态 时态 done 被动 完成 being done 被动 进行 to be done 被动 尚未发生 The building built last year is our classroom building. 去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 The building being built now is our classroom building. 现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 The building to be built next month is our classroom building. 下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。 Part 4 V-ed作表语 1) 过去分词作表语，总是位于系动词的后面，表语即说明主语的状态或特征。 如：They looked disappointed（失望的）. She was astonished（惊讶的） to hear what had happened. 常见的系动词有： 1.状态系动词：be 动词; 2.感官系动词：look/ feel/ smell/ taste/ sound等； 3.变化系动词：get/ become/ turn/ grow/ fall/ grow等 4.持续系动词：remain/ stay/ keep（仍然） 5.表象系动词：seem/appear（似乎，好像） 6.终止系动词：prove/ turn out(结果是，证明是) 1. She was excited to hear the good news. 2. I felt surprised at his behavior. 3. The passengers should be seated as the plane is making a landing. 2）过去分词作表语一般用来表示感受或状态。此时的过去分词作表语相当于一个形容词。 (1) 表感受的过去分词常有：disappointed/excited/frightened/surprised/delighted/encouraged/interested/puzzled/worried/pleased… (2) 表状态类的过去分词常有:dressed (打扮好的), lost (迷路的), drunk (喝醉的), seated (就坐的), absorbed(全神贯注的), devoted (忠诚的) 3）过去分词与现在分词作表语的区别? 1. The story is interesting. 2. I am interested in this story. 现在分词做表语修饰物, 翻译成“令人……的”； 过去分词做表语修饰人, 翻译成“感到……的”。 过去分词做形容词表示“感到……”之意 be amazed （at）感到惊异　　　　　　　　be amused （at）感到好笑 be annoyed （at）感到烦恼　　　　　　　 be bored （with）感到厌烦 be convinced （of）感到信服　　　　　　 be disappointed （at）感到失望 be discouraged （in）感到沮丧　　　　　 be embarrassed （in）感到为难 be encouraged （in）感到鼓舞　　　　　　be excited （at）感到激动 be frightened （of）感到害怕　　　　　　be horrified （with）感到恐惧 be moved （at）深为感动　　　　　　　　 be pleased （about）感到愉悦 be puzzled （about）感到困惑　　　　　　be satisfied （with）感到满意 be shocked （about）感到震惊　　　　　　be surprised （at）感到惊奇 be tired （of）感到厌烦 【提示】 ①现在分词作表语，意为“令人……，使人……”，主动意味。 Our trip was disappointing.我们的这次旅行让人失望。 ②过去分词作表语，意为“感到……”，被动意味。 We were disappointed at our trip.我们对这次旅行感到失望。 注意：过去分词作表语与v-ing形式作表语的区别。interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten等通常用其过去分词来修饰人，用v-ing形式来修饰物。 The book is interesting and I’m interested in it. We are excited at the news. Part 5 V-ed作补语 1）能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类： 1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。 (1) I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。 (2)He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大。 2. 表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have, make, get, keep, leave等。 (3)I'll have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要理发。 (4)He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。 (5)Don't leave those things undone.要把那些事情做完。 3. 表示“希望”、“要求”意义的动词。如：like, order, want, wish等。 (6)I would like this matter settled at once. 我希望此事立刻得到解决。 (7)I wish my homework finished before five o'clock. 我希望5点前完成我的作业。 2）过去分词作宾补表示的意义。 1. 过去分词作宾补表示被动关系，其动作先于谓语动作。如例句(1)，过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作heard；例句(2)，过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作found。 2. 过去分词作宾补时，过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。如例句(4)，动宾关系是pull out his tooth；例句(6)，动宾关系是settle this matter。 3）过去分词作宾补时，要注意几种情况。 1. 使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。 第一，过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。如：He had his money stolen.他的钱给偷了。（被别人偷去了） 第二，过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。如：He had his leg broken.他的腿断了。（自己的经历） 2. 过去分词在原句中作宾补时，如果原句变为被动语态，那么过去分词就在新句中作主补了。 如：The big fire is reported controlled.据报道这场大火已经得到控制。 The meeting room was found thouroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order. 人们发现会议室被彻底打扫了，一切都布置得井井有条。 【跟踪典例】单句语法填空 1． (motivate) by their sportsmanship, we will overcome difficulties and study hard. 2．The ideas and technologies (employ) to protect the ancient caves offer valuable insights for tourism development. 3．The poem (entitle) “The Road Not Taken” is considered one of Robert Frost’s most popular works. 4． (employ) in endless work, she couldn’t spare even one minute for pleasure. 5．The menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine (combine) with modern cooking methods. 6．Tai Chi deeply (root) in the Chinese philosophy of yin and yang gains great popularity. 7．The exchange students (expose) to another culture and its people can get great insight into the world. 8． (involve) actively in community activities, we can gain experience for growth. 9．This magazine, (found) in 1981, is one of the most successful and popular magazines. 10．Many things such as going abroad and owning a car, (consider) impossible in the past, are now very common. 11．The TV series (base) on Li Juan’s award-winning essay collection “My Altay” has boosted tourism in Xinjiang. 12．Having spent three years writing “The Vegetarian”, Han Kang found herself still (attach) to that story. 13．It is necessary that we keep the young generation (inform) of the current affairs. 14．I’m not very good at German, but I can make myself (understand). 15．It’s important to have your eyes (examine) regularly to check for any sign of eye disease that may not have any symptom. 16．By means of the mass media, many (advertise) products have entered every household. 17．To prevent some diseases, we’d better drink (boil) water. 18．The beautiful scenery, (combine) with pleasant weather and delicious food, made our visit to Yunnan pleasant and unforgettable. 19．The newspaper always keeps us (inform) of the event taking place in the world. 20．It is important to have your eyes (examine) regularly to check for any sign of eye disease. 参考答案： 1．Motivated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在他们体育精神的激励下，我们将克服困难，努力学习。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“will overcome”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“we”和“motivate”为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用“motivate”的过去分词“motivated”作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Motivated。 2．employed 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：用于保护古老洞穴的理念和技术为旅游业发展提供了宝贵的见解。分析句子可知，空处为非谓语动词。分析句子可知，ideas and technologies是主语，与employ之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式作后置定语，故填employed。 3．entitled 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这首题为《未走的路》的诗被认为是罗伯特·弗罗斯特最受欢迎的作品之一。is considered为本句的谓语动词，空处为非谓语动词，修饰名词the poem，作后置定语，动词entitle和名词The poem之间构成动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。故填entitled。 4．Employed 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：被无休止的工作所占据，她甚至不能抽出一分钟来享受。句子的谓语动词是spare ，employ用非谓语动词形式作状语，employ与逻辑主语she是被动关系，故使用过去分词employed。故填Employed。 5．combined 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这家漂亮的殖民风格房子的菜单上包括与现代烹饪方法相结合的传统泰国菜。“(combine) with modern cooking methods”在句中作后置定语，combine(结合，组合)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语Thai cuisine之间为被动关系，用过去分词表被动，作定语。故填combined。 6．rooted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：植根于中国阴阳哲学的太极拳受到极大的欢迎。句子谓语动词是gains，所给词“root”只能用非谓语动词，root与逻辑主语Tai Chi之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式rooted，作后置定语，表示“植根于”。故填rooted。 7．exposed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：交换学生接触到另一种文化和人民，可以对世界有很好的了解。be exposed to 曝光于； 接触，在句中作后置定语，修饰名词students，所以用过去分词形式。故填exposed。 8．Involved 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：积极参与社区活动，我们可以获得成长的经验。be involved in参与，为固定短语，本句为过去分词作状语。首字母大写。故填Involved。 9．founded 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：这本杂志创刊于1981年，是最成功、最受欢迎的杂志之一。此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词this magazine，found与所修饰词之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式。故填founded。 10．considered 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：许多事情，如出国和拥有汽车，过去被认为是不可能的，现在却很常见。句中已有谓语are，空处应使用其非谓语形式，consider（考虑）与其逻辑主语many things是逻辑上的动宾关系，可使用consider过去分词形式作后置定语，修饰前面的名词“things”。故填considered。 11．based 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：根据李娟获奖散文集《我的阿勒泰》改编的电视剧促进了新疆的旅游业。be based on” 表示 “基于；以……为基础”。名词The TV series与 base之间是被动关系，使用过去分词短语 based on作后置定语。故填based。 12．attached 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：韩江花了三年时间写《素食者》，她发现自己仍然对这个故事念念不忘。句中宾语herself和 attach之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填attached。 13．informed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们有必要让年轻一代了解时事。此处inform与generation构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填informed。 14．understood 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我的德语不太好，但我能让别人明白我的意思。“make+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定用法，空处需填非谓语动词作宾语补足语，myself和understand为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填understood。 15．examined 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：定期检查眼睛是很重要的，以检查任何可能没有任何症状的眼部疾病的迹象。have sth. done是固定短语，意为“使某物被……”，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，作宾补，故填examined。 16．advertised 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：通过大众传媒，许多广告产品进入了千家万户。advertise和products之间是被动关系，使用过去分词作定语，故填advertised。 17．boiled 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：为了预防一些疾病，我们最好喝开水。此处用过去分词修饰名词water，作名词的定语，boiled是过去分词，表示动作已经完成，boiled water即“烧开的水”，注意正在沸腾的水（boiling water）不能喝，所以不能使用boiling。故填boiled。 18．combined 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：美丽的风景，结合美味的食物和宜人的天气，使我们的云南之行难以忘怀。句中made为谓语动词，combine在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语scenery构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作定语。故填combined。 19．informed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：报纸总是使我们了解世界上正在发生的事件。us与inform构成被动关系，keep sb informed of意思为：让某人知晓，了解……，为固定短语，空处用inform的过去分词作宾补。故填informed。 20．examined 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：定期检查眼睛以检查是否有眼部疾病的迹象是很重要的。设空处为句子的非谓语，和其逻辑主语eyes之间是逻辑的被动关系，应用动词的过去分词的形式作宾语补足语。故填examined。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$