Unit1Science Fiction-2025届高考英语重点知识背诵及真题专项练习（人教版2019选择性必修第四册）

UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 一、背单词 背课标单词 阅读单词一遍过 1.science fiction 科幻小说 2.get a bonus 得到奖金 3.a ridiculous joke 一个荒唐的笑话 4.admire one's wisdom and integrity 欣赏某人的智慧和正直 5.treat sb. with dignity 尊敬地对待某人 6.a basic salary 基本薪金 7.an absurd idea 荒唐的想法 8.paint nails 涂指甲油 9.a successful saleswoman一名成功的女推销员 10.a light suspended from the ceiling 在天花板的灯 11.fall off the ladder 从梯子上掉下来 12.spread a rumour 散布谣言 13.chairwoman of the Students' Union 学生会女主席 14.a 3,000-seat venue 一个3000座的场地 15.a great salesman 一名伟大的推销员 16.an alien environment 陌生的环境 17.be made of leather 是皮革做的 18.pull the lever 拉控制杆 19.a hazy memory 模糊不清的记忆 20.switch on a lamp 开灯 核心单词三遍熟 1.salary n. 薪水；薪金 2. suspend vt. 悬；挂；暂停；暂缓 3.dismiss vt. 让（某人）离开；解散；解 雇；消除 4. whereas conj. 然而；但是；尽管 5.rumour n. 谣言；传闻 6.presume vl. 8. vi. 假设；假定 7. fare n. 车费；船费；飞机票价 8. superior adj. 更好的；占优势的；（在 级别或重要性上）更高的 9.labour n. 劳动（者）；体力劳动 9. labour n. 劳动（者）；体力劳动 vi. 奋斗；努力工作 10.grip vt. &. vi. 紧握；抓紧 10. hazy adj. 模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的 11. fetch vt. （去）拿来；（去）请来 12. handkerchief n.手帕；纸巾 13. lamp n. 灯；台灯 15.pace n. 速度；步伐；节奏 vt.&.vi. 确定速度；调整节奏 16.random adj.随机的；不可思议的 拓展单词寻规记 1．appointment n．预约；约会；委任→appoint vt.任命；委派；指定；约定 2．guilty adj．内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→guilt n．内疚；罪行；罪过 3．declare vt．表明；宜称；公布→declaration n．宜称；声明 4．calculate vt．计算；核算；预测→calculator n．计算器→calculation n.计算 5．division n．分开；分隔；差异；除（法）→divide vt．分开；分散；分配；分享 6．urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动vt．催促；力劝；大力推荐→urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的 7．explode vi．8．vt．爆炸；爆破→explosion n．爆炸；（感情）爆发；激增 8．mud n．泥；泥浆→muddy adj．泥泞的 新高考词汇·规则速记 规则 例词 前缀over­表示“过度；在……之上” ①statement陈述→overstatement n．夸大；夸张　②weight重量→overweight adj.超重的 ③look看→overlook vt.俯瞰；忽视 ④load装载→overload vt.超载 ⑤value重视→overvalue vt.过于重视 ⑥work工作→overwork vi.& n．过度工作 ⑦use使用→overuse vt.& n．过度使用 ⑧eat吃→overeat vi.吃得过量 词根ward(s)的单词网 ①backward(s) adv.向后；倒着；往回　　　　 　②forward adv.向前 ③upward adj.向上的　adv.向上 ④toward(s) prep.向；对 ⑤westward(s) adj.向西的　adv.向西 ⑥eastward(s) adj.向东的　adv.向东 背热考单词 1．guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的 背重点 背写作佳句 1)be guilty of 犯有……罪 be/feel guilty at/about 为……感到内疚 2)guilt n. 内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行；有罪 out of guilt 出于愧疚 ①Out of guilt, I explained to my teacher and promised this would never happen again. 出于愧疚，我向我的老师解释，并保证这种事情不会再发生。 ②Justice will never be absent and the guilty party will get their punishment. 正义永远不会缺席， 有罪的一方将受到惩罚。 2.declare vt.表明；宣称；公布 背重点 背写作佳句 declare sb./sth. to be... 宣布某人或某事是…… declare for/against... 赞成/反对…… declare war (on...) (向……)宣战 declare... open/closed 宣布……开始/结束 After considering all the pros and cons，I declared for the decision，and thus，I declared that we would organize the fruit­picking activity. 考虑完所有利弊后，我赞成这个决定，因此，我宣布我们将组织这次水果采摘活动。 3.pace n.速度；步伐；节奏　vt.& vi.确定速度；调整节奏 背重点 背写作佳句 1)at a(n)... pace 以……的速度 at one's own pace 按某人自己的进度 keep pace with 与……并驾齐驱/步调一致 2)pace up and down 来回踱步 ①She paced up and down in her anxiety, and then wandered down to the gate and back.她焦虑地来回踱步，然后溜达到大门口又回来。(读后续写动作描写) ②So long as you listen carefully，you can keep pace with the teacher. 只要你认真听，你就能跟上老师的步伐。 4.urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动　vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐 背重点 背写作佳句 1)have an urge to do sth. 渴望做某事 2)urge sb.to do sth. 催促某人做某事 urge that ...(should) do sth. 极力主张……做某事 It is urged that...(should) do sth. 坚决要求……做某事 ①Our teacher urges us to study hard with the final exam drawing near.随着期末考试的来临，老师敦促我们努力学习。 ②I was embarrassed, but I fought the urge to run off the stage. 我感到很尴尬，但我抑制了想跑下台的冲动。 (读后续写情感描写) 二、背词块 第一组　核心短语 1．test out　　　　　　　　检验；测试 2．more like 更像是；更接近 3．on a ...basis 根据；以……的方式(基准) 4．pros and cons 事物的利与弊；支持与反对 5．superior to 比……更好；更胜一筹 6．take over 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手 7．conflict with 与……冲突或抵触 8．turn out 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结 果是 9．fall away (逐渐)减少；消失 10．have an urge to 有强烈的欲望做某事 第二组　课文词块 1．on a business trip 出公差 2．feel alarmed 感到害怕 3．feel embarrassed 感到尴尬 4．admire his wisdom and integrity 欣赏他的智慧和正直 5．treat her with dignity 有尊严地对待她 6．social position 社会地位 7．a bigger salary 更高的薪水 8．or rather 更准确地说，更确切地说 9．with wonder 惊奇地 10．accompany her to the shop 陪同她去商店 11．sit myself in the leather seat 我坐在皮椅上 12．draw a breath 吸一口气 13．at maximum speed 以最高的速度三、背好句好段——增分写作 1．句型公式：suggest that ...(should＋)do sth. 教材原句：He suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return. 他还建议在他离开，也就是拉里回家的前一天晚上，克莱尔邀请格拉迪丝和她的朋友们到家里来。 经典佳句：I suggest that students should try multiple ways when learning English so that they can find the way which fits them most. 我建议学生们在学习英语时应该尝试多种方法，以便于他们能找到最适合自己的方法。[2022·全国乙卷书面表达] 2.句型公式：find＋it＋宾语补足语＋不定式 教材原句：It would not be surprising if we found it difficult to distinguish between reality and science fiction in the future.如果我们发现将来很难区分现实和科幻小说，那也就不足为奇了。 经典佳句：65% of the students find it useful to listen to English songs. 65%的学生发现听英语歌曲很有用。[2022·全国乙卷书面表达] 3.句型公式：more ...than ... 与其说……倒不如说…… 教材原句：He seemed more like a human than a machine. 他看着不太像机器，而更像一个真人。 经典佳句：She was more sad than angry when her little son lied to her again. 当她的小儿子再次对她说谎时，与其说她生气倒不如说她伤心。 基础练习 Ⅰ词形转换 1.（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）In my opinion， it’s not a good idea to 　randomly　 （random） pair up students for the spoken English training class. 2.When he approached near， he saw a water bottle and a small helmet lying nearby.He leaned closer and noticed fresh little 　muddy　 （mud） footsteps disappearing into the woods. 3.There was an 　explosion　 （explode） of applause from the audience at the end of the performance. 4.As a result， adequate preparation is 　urgently　 （urge） needed， including practice， nutrition and a perfect plan. Ⅱ动词的形式变化和固定用法 1.Deep in sorrow， the man wondered how to fetch help， 　pacing　 （pace） up and down in the room nervously. 2.（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）When having trouble in learning English， we have an urge 　to know　 （know） how to deal with it. 3.It is not only the sandwich but also grandma’s love for me 　that　 helps me recover. 4.From my perspective， Chinese medicine is superior 　to　 western medicine in a sense. Ⅲ熟词新义 1.She calculated that going to a stranger’s house was a risky move， but she decided to take the chance.　　vt.认为　 2.Among all poets in the Tang Dynasty， Zhang Ruoxu will be remembered for that one poem alone.　　adj.仅仅　 3.The man moved forward， inching towards the exit.　　vi.谨慎移动　 Ⅳ应用文写作——倡议书——开卷有益 练单句： 1.在阅读月到来之际，我在此敦促大家多读书。 　With the reading month approaching， I’m here to urge all of you to do more reading.　 2.读书证明对我们有益。 　Reading turns out beneficial to us.　 3.读书可以丰富我们的思想，教我们明辨是非，这为进一步学习奠定了坚实的基础。 　Reading can enrich our minds and teach us to distinguish between right and wrong， which lays a solid foundation for our further learning.　（非限制性定语从句） 4.正如一位著名作家所说：“读一本好书就像和一个高尚的人对话。” 　As a famous writer put it， “Reading a good book is like talking with a noble man.”　（非限制性定语从句） 5.通过读书，我们可以获得智慧，帮助我们解决日常生活中的实际问题。读书的好处是难以形容的。 　By reading books， we can gain the wisdom to help us solve practical problems in our daily lives.The advantages of reading are beyond description.　 6.让我们行动起来，每天读书。只有通过读书，才能丰富我们的生活以及精神世界。 　Let’s take action to read on a daily basis.Only through reading can we enrich our lives as well as our spiritual world.　（倒装句） 组语篇： Dear boys and girls， 　With the reading month approaching， I’m here to urge all of you to do more reading.Reading turns out beneficial to us.Firstly， it can enrich our minds and teach us to distinguish between right and wrong， which lays a solid foundation for our further learning.Furthermore， as a famous writer put it， “Reading a good book is like talking with a noble man.” By reading books， we can gain the wisdom to help us solve practical problems in our daily lives.All in all， the advantages of reading are beyond description.　 　Let’s take action to read on a daily basis.Only through reading can we enrich our lives as well as our spiritual world.　 Ⅴ读后续写——詹妮面带微笑，跑到妈妈屋里炫耀她的新画…… 按要求完成下列句子： 1.詹妮嘴角挂着微笑，跑到妈妈屋里炫耀她的新画。 　With a smile on her lips　， Jenny rushed to her mom’s room to show off her new painting. 2.她妈妈停下来转过脸朝她微笑。 　Her mother stopped to turn a smiling face to her.　 （分词作定语） 3.美丽的画让她妈妈激动不已，她的脸上露出灿烂的笑容。 Her mother was thrilled at the beautiful painting， 　and a smile brightened her face　.（并列句） 4.她声音里带着笑说：“詹妮，你画得真好，我相信有一天你会成为一个著名的画家。我真为你骄傲。” 　She said with a smile in her voice　，“Jenny， you paint really well.I’m sure you will be a famous painter one day.I’m so proud of you.” 5.当詹妮想象着自己成为一个画家时，她喜笑颜开，嘴角露出微笑。 When Jenny pictured herself becoming a painter， 　her face lit up and lips curved in a smile　. 6.她笑得更加灿烂了，满怀期待地跑进自己的卧室。 　Her smile broadened， and she hurried to her bedroom with great expectations.　 将以上各句合并成小短文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇： 　　　With a smile on her lips， Jenny rushed to her mom’s room to show off her new painting.Her mother stopped to turn a smiling face to her.Her mother was thrilled at the beautiful painting， and a smile brightened her face.She said with a smile in her voice，“Jenny， you paint really well.I’m sure you will be a famous painter one day.I’m so proud of you.” When Jenny pictured herself becoming a painter， her face lit up and lips curved in a smile.Her smile broadened， and she hurried to her bedroom with great expectations.　 能力提高 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A [2024·河北省部分学校高三联考]Inspired by the effortless way humans handle objects without seeing them， a team led by engineers at the University of California San Diego has developed a new approach that enables a robotic hand to rotate (旋转) objects alone through touch， without relying on vision. Using their technique， the researchers built a robotic hand that can smoothly rotate a wide variety of objects， such as small toys， cans， and even fruits and vegetables， without damaging them. The robotic hand performed these tasks using only information based on touch. The work could aid in the development of robots that can manipulate objects in the dark. To build their system， the researchers attached 16 touch sensors to the palm (掌心) and fingers of a four­fingered robotic hand. Each sensor costs about $12 and serves a simple function： detect whether an object is touching it or not. What makes this approach unique is that it relies on many low­cost touch sensors that use simple， binary (二进制的) signals—touch or no touch—to perform robotic in­hand rotation. These sensors are spread over a large area of the robotic hand. This contrasts with a variety of other approaches that rely on a few high­cost touch sensors attached to a small area of the robotic hand，primarily at the fingertips. The researchers then tested their system on the real­life robotic hand with objects that the system has not yet encountered. The robotic hand was able to rotate a variety of objects without losing its hold. The objects included a tomato， pepper， a can of peanut butter and a toy rubber duck，which was the most challenging object due to its shape. Wang and his team are now working on extending their approach to more complex operation tasks. They are currently developing techniques to enable robotic hands to throw and catch， for example. “If we can give robots this skill， that will open the door to the kinds of tasks they can perform，” said Wang. 1.What does the underlined word “manipulate” probably mean in Paragraph 2？ A．Remove. B．Control. C．Recognize. D．Distribute. 2.What do we know about the touch sensors of the robotic hand？ A．They are quite expensive. B．They are mainly in the fingertips. C．They perform complex tasks. D．They cover most of its area. 3.What do the researchers' tests on the robotic hand focus on？ A．How well they can function. B．How fast they can perform tasks. C．How accurate they will be. D．How intelligent they become. 4.What does Wang think of their current work on the robotic hand？ A．Challenging. B．Promising. C．Efficient. D．Eventful. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了受人类不用看就能轻松处理物体的启发，加州大学圣地亚哥分校的工程师领导的一个团队开发了一种新方法，使机器人的手可以仅通过触摸来旋转物体，而不依赖于视觉。这项工作可能有助于开发能够在黑暗中操纵物体的机器人。 1.答案与解析：B　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Using their technique， the researchers built a robotic hand that can smoothly rotate a wide variety of objects， such as small toys， cans， and even fruits and vegetables， without damaging them. The robotic hand performed these tasks using only information based on touch.”可知，机器人手可以基于触摸来旋转各种物体，由此可推测，画线词所在句意为“这项工作可能有助于开发能够在黑暗中操纵物体的机器人”。因此，此处manipulate表示“操控；控制”之意。故选B。 2.答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段中“These sensors are spread over a large area of the robotic hand.”可知，这些传感器分布在机器人手的大部分区域。 3.答案与解析：A　推理判断题。从倒数第二段可知，研究者让机器人手抓一些物品，故推测研究者主要专注于测试它的性能。 4.答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“‘If we can give robots this skill， that will open the door to the kinds of tasks they can perform，’ said Wang.”可知，Wang认为目前的研究是有前途的。 B [2024·湖北省十一校高三第一次联考]Many robots track objects by “sight” as they work with them， but optical (光学的) sensors can't take in an item's entire shape when it's in the dark or partially blocked from view. Now a new low­cost technique lets a robotic hand “feel” an unfamiliar object's form and skillfully handle it based on this information alone. University of California， San Diego， roboticist Xiaolong Wang and his team wanted to find out whether complex actions could be achieved in robotics using only simple touch data. The researchers attached 16 contact sensors， each costing about $12， to the palm and fingers of a four­fingered robot hand. These sensors simply indicate if an object is touching the hand or not. “While one sensor doesn't catch much， a lot of them can help you capture different aspects of the object，” Wang says. In this case， the robot's task was to rotate (旋转) items placed in its palm. They first ran simulations (模拟) to collect enough touch data as a virtual robot hand practiced rotating objects， including balls and other irregular objects. Using information from each sensor， the team built a computer model that determines an object's position at every step of the handling process and moves the fingers to rotate it smoothly and stably. Next they transferred this capability to operate a real robot hand， which successfully control previously unfamiliar objects such as apples， tomatoes， soup cans and rubber ducks. Transferring the computer model to the real world was relatively easy because the sensor data were so simple. However， New York University's Lerrel Pinto， who studies robots' interactions， wonders whether the system would fail at more complicated tasks. So in future work， Wang's group aims to tackle more complex movements as well as to add sensors in places such as the sides of the fingers. “This means that there will be more accurate information from touching that allows reconstructing the object shape，” Wang says. The researchers will also try adding vision to complement touch data for handling complicated shape. 5.What was the intention of the research conducted by Xiaolong Wang's group？ A．To develop a robot with advanced optical sensors. B．To create a robotic hand to grasp familiar objects. C．To explore the use of touch data in complex robotic actions. D．To investigate the impact of lighting on robotic recognition． 6.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？ A．The working principle of robot hands in Wang's research. B．The type of contact sensors attached to the robot hand. C．The way that robot hands capture different objects. D．The function of robot hands in Wang's research． 7.How did the researchers gather touch data for the robotic hand's training？ A．They used real­world objects. B．They used complex optical sensors. C．They relied on vision­based technology. D．They conducted simulations with the robot hand. 8.What is XiaoLong Wang's attitude towards Pinto's concern over the system？ A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Unclear. D．Dismissive. B 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一项新的低成本技术可以让机器人手“感觉”一个不熟悉的物体的形状，并仅根据这些信息就能熟练地处理它。 5.答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段“University of California， San Diego， roboticist Xiaolong Wang and his team wanted to find out whether complex actions could be achieved in robotics using only simple touch data.”可知王晓龙的团队旨在弄明白仅使用简单的触摸数据是否可以在机器人中实现复杂的动作，即探索触摸数据在复杂机器人动作中的应用。 6.答案与解析：A　主旨大意题。根据文章第三段内容可知，作者主要介绍模拟实验中安装了接触式传感器的机械手臂的工作原理。 7.答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据文章第四段的“They first ran simulations (模拟) to collect enough touch data as a virtual robot hand practiced rotating objects.”可知，研究者们是通过模拟实验来搜集数据的。 8.答案与解析：B　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知，其他同行对于他们的研究现状很担忧，王晓龙和他的团队选择以积极的态度去应对，进一步进行模拟实验，完善他们的数据。 Ⅱ.七选五 [2024·山东省济宁市三模]Growing plants is often seen as a very “green” thing to do， but like many products， they take a huge amount of energy to produce. __1__ For example， they use geothermal (地热的) energy to heat greenhouses and solar power to supply electricity and lighting. While domestic growing doesn't involve the same carbon footprint as commercial growing， it's important to consider what we can all do to minimize our own impact while still enjoying growing plants. Over­consumption of plants is a big issue. It's so easy to get overexcited when you see all these incredible plants， and you can end up carrying home huge numbers of them. __2__ The more plants you have， the more limited your time and resources become， and plants can suffer. This leads to another issue—many people may end up throwing away their plants which don't look perfect or stop flowering， in a similar way to the world of fast fashion. __3__. If you are ready and able to increase your collection， propagate (繁殖) from your own plants rather than buying more， and share plants with others. __4__ Meanwhile， we can build a community of like­minded， passionate plant people. Recycling takes a huge amount of input， which can end up more damaging to the environment， so instead of buying something of lower quality that needs replacing every year， buy fewer things of a higher quality. __5__And they can be passed down the generations. A．But large collections call for an enormous amount of work. B．Many commercial growers continue to market their produce. C．This removes the need to buy plants and encourages a sharing culture. D．These will last many years and be more cost­effective in the long term. E．So it's important to assess your collection and buy plants you have time to look after. F．Throwing them away will greatly reduce your gardening footprint on the environment. G．Many large­scale growers have used technology to minimize their impact on the environment． Ⅱ.七选五 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了植物过度消耗所带来的危害，以及我们该如何做。 1.答案与解析：G　上文“Growing plants is often seen as a very ‘green’ thing to do， but like many products， they take a huge amount of energy to produce.”提到种植植物需要大量的能源，下文“For example， they use geothermal(地热的) energy to heat greenhouses and solar power to supply electricity and lighting.”举例说明种植者是如何减少种植对环境的影响，下文的“They”代指选项G中的“Many large­scale growers”。 2.答案与解析：A　上文“It's so easy to get overexcited when you see all these incredible plants， and you can end up carrying home huge numbers of them.”提到将大量植物带回家，下文“The more plants you have， the more limited your time and resources become， and plants can suffer.”指出将大量植物带回家所产生的不好结果，即为什么不要将大量植物带回家，由此可知，空处引起下文，和上文是转折关系，也是指出为什么不要将大量植物带回家，故选A。 3.答案与解析：E　上文“This leads to another issue—many people may end up throwing away their plants which don't look perfect or stop flowering， in a similar way to the world of fast fashion.”可知，将大量植物带回家的结果是最终会抛弃那些看起来不完美的植物，空处对本段进行总结，告诉我们正确的做法是什么，故选E。 4.答案与解析：C　上文“If you are ready and able to increase your collection， propagate(繁殖) from your own plants rather than buying more， and share plants with others.”提到要用自己的植物繁殖，并且与他人分享，空处承接上文，指出这么做的好处，上文中的“share plants with others”呼应选项C中的“a sharing culture”。 5.答案与解析：D　上文指出与其买一些质量较差的东西，每年都需要更换，不如少买一些质量较高的东西，空处承接上文，解释了这么做的原因 “These”代指上文“buy fewer things of a higher quality”，故选D。 Ⅲ.语法填空 [2024·湖北省名校联考高三期中]Plant lovers believe that talking to plants helps them grow. Scientists have discovered that plants make sounds when they are 1.________ stress. The noises are similar to 2.________ human cry or scream. The scientists believe the sounds are specific enough for us to be able to understand them and to care for their 3.________ (need). Unfortunately， plant sounds are at too high a frequency (频率) for the human ear 4.________ (pick) up. Humans can only hear frequencies of up to 16 kilohertz. The scientists used special AI to detect these sounds 5.________ (produce) by plants that were up to 250 kilohertz. The AI also differed between different types of plant sounds. The research was conducted in a lab at Israel's Tel Aviv University. Scientists 6.________ (discover) that vibrations (振动) from stressed tobacco and tomato plants turned into sound waves. Lead researcher Professor Hadany said： “Each plant and each type of stress 7.________ (link) to a special sound.” She suggested that fields of crops could be quite 8.________ (noise)， saying： “While unable for the human ear to hear， the sounds can be heard by bats， mice and insects.” Understanding these sounds could help us know 9.________ crops are in need of water， so as to water them in time. Therefore， farmers could water their crops 10.________ (efficient)， and thus save more water. Ⅲ.语法填空 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。科学家研究发现：当植物受到压力时，会发出声音。这个发现有助于帮助植物生长。 1.答案与解析：under　under stress意为“在压力之下，受到压力”。 2.答案与解析：a　句意：这种声音类似于人类的哭泣或尖叫。下文的“human cry or scream”是可数名词单数，前面需填不定冠词，human是辅音音素开头的单词，所以填不定冠词a。 3.答案与解析：needs　need意为“需要”，是可数名词。根据前面的their可知，应用复数形式。 4.答案与解析：to pick　根据上文的“at too high a frequency (频率) for the human ear”可知，空格处需填to pick， too... to...意为“太……而不能……”。故填to pick。 5.答案与解析：produced　分析句子结构可知，produce与these sounds构成逻辑被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填produced。 6.答案与解析：discovered　根据上文的“The research was conducted in a lab at Israel's Tel Aviv University.”可知，空格处用一般过去时。故填discovered。 7.答案与解析：is linked　短语be linked to表示“与……有关”，根据下文While unable for the human ear to hear， the sounds can be heard by bats， mice and insects.可知，空格处需填一般现在时，主语为Each plant and each type of stress，谓语用单数。故填is linked。 8.答案与解析：noisy　句意：她说，农田里的农作物可能会很吵，“人耳听不到，但蝙蝠、老鼠和昆虫都能听到。”作表语，应用形容词noisy。 9.答案与解析：when/if/whether　引导宾语从句，从句不缺少成分，根据语境可知，听懂植物发出的声音有助于我们知道庄稼什么时候或是否需要水，故空格处填when/if/whether。 10.答案与解析：efficiently　修饰动词water应用副词作状语， 故填efficiently。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ UNIT 1　SCIENCE FICTION 一、背单词 背课标单词 阅读单词一遍过 1.science fiction 科幻小说 2.get a bonus 得到奖金 3.a ridiculous joke 一个荒唐的笑话 4.admire one's wisdom and integrity 欣赏某人的智慧和正直 5.treat sb. with dignity 尊敬地对待某人 6.a basic salary 基本薪金 7.an absurd idea 荒唐的想法 8.paint nails 涂指甲油 9.a successful saleswoman一名成功的女推销员 10.a light suspended from the ceiling 在天花板的灯 11.fall off the ladder 从梯子上掉下来 12.spread a rumour 散布谣言 13.chairwoman of the Students' Union 学生会女主席 14.a 3,000-seat venue 一个3000座的场地 15.a great salesman 一名伟大的推销员 16.an alien environment 陌生的环境 17.be made of leather 是皮革做的 18.pull the lever 拉控制杆 19.a hazy memory 模糊不清的记忆 20.switch on a lamp 开灯 核心单词三遍熟 1.salary n. 薪水；薪金 2. suspend vt. 悬；挂；暂停；暂缓 3.dismiss vt. 让（某人）离开；解散；解 雇；消除 4. whereas conj. 然而；但是；尽管 5.rumour n. 谣言；传闻 6.presume vl. 8. vi. 假设；假定 7. fare n. 车费；船费；飞机票价 8. superior adj. 更好的；占优势的；（在 级别或重要性上）更高的 9.labour n. 劳动（者）；体力劳动 9. labour n. 劳动（者）；体力劳动 vi. 奋斗；努力工作 10.grip vt. &. vi. 紧握；抓紧 10. hazy adj. 模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的 11. fetch vt. （去）拿来；（去）请来 12. handkerchief n.手帕；纸巾 13. lamp n. 灯；台灯 15.pace n. 速度；步伐；节奏 vt.&.vi. 确定速度；调整节奏 16.random adj.随机的；不可思议的 拓展单词寻规记 1．appointment n．预约；约会；委任→appoint vt.任命；委派；指定；约定 2．guilty adj．内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→guilt n．内疚；罪行；罪过 3．declare vt．表明；宜称；公布→declaration n．宜称；声明 4．calculate vt．计算；核算；预测→calculator n．计算器→calculation n.计算 5．division n．分开；分隔；差异；除（法）→divide vt．分开；分散；分配；分享 6．urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动vt．催促；力劝；大力推荐→urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的 7．explode vi．8．vt．爆炸；爆破→explosion n．爆炸；（感情）爆发；激增 8．mud n．泥；泥浆→muddy adj．泥泞的 新高考词汇·规则速记 规则 例词 前缀over­表示“过度；在……之上” ①statement陈述→overstatement n．夸大；夸张　②weight重量→overweight adj.超重的 ③look看→overlook vt.俯瞰；忽视 ④load装载→overload vt.超载 ⑤value重视→overvalue vt.过于重视 ⑥work工作→overwork vi.& n．过度工作 ⑦use使用→overuse vt.& n．过度使用 ⑧eat吃→overeat vi.吃得过量 词根ward(s)的单词网 ①backward(s) adv.向后；倒着；往回　　　　 　②forward adv.向前 ③upward adj.向上的　adv.向上 ④toward(s) prep.向；对 ⑤westward(s) adj.向西的　adv.向西 ⑥eastward(s) adj.向东的　adv.向东 背热考单词 1．guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的 背重点 背写作佳句 1)be guilty of 犯有……罪 be/feel guilty at/about 为……感到内疚 2)guilt n. 内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行；有罪 out of guilt 出于愧疚 ①Out of guilt, I explained to my teacher and promised this would never happen again. 出于愧疚，我向我的老师解释，并保证这种事情不会再发生。 ②Justice will never be absent and the guilty party will get their punishment. 正义永远不会缺席， 有罪的一方将受到惩罚。 2.declare vt.表明；宣称；公布 背重点 背写作佳句 declare sb./sth. to be... 宣布某人或某事是…… declare for/against... 赞成/反对…… declare war (on...) (向……)宣战 declare... open/closed 宣布……开始/结束 After considering all the pros and cons，I declared for the decision，and thus，I declared that we would organize the fruit­picking activity. 考虑完所有利弊后，我赞成这个决定，因此，我宣布我们将组织这次水果采摘活动。 3.pace n.速度；步伐；节奏　vt.& vi.确定速度；调整节奏 背重点 背写作佳句 1)at a(n)... pace 以……的速度 at one's own pace 按某人自己的进度 keep pace with 与……并驾齐驱/步调一致 2)pace up and down 来回踱步 ①She paced up and down in her anxiety, and then wandered down to the gate and back.她焦虑地来回踱步，然后溜达到大门口又回来。(读后续写动作描写) ②So long as you listen carefully，you can keep pace with the teacher. 只要你认真听，你就能跟上老师的步伐。 4.urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动　vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐 背重点 背写作佳句 1)have an urge to do sth. 渴望做某事 2)urge sb.to do sth. 催促某人做某事 urge that ...(should) do sth. 极力主张……做某事 It is urged that...(should) do sth. 坚决要求……做某事 ①Our teacher urges us to study hard with the final exam drawing near.随着期末考试的来临，老师敦促我们努力学习。 ②I was embarrassed, but I fought the urge to run off the stage. 我感到很尴尬，但我抑制了想跑下台的冲动。 (读后续写情感描写) 二、背词块 第一组　核心短语 1．test out　　　　　　　　检验；测试 2．more like 更像是；更接近 3．on a ...basis 根据；以……的方式(基准) 4．pros and cons 事物的利与弊；支持与反对 5．superior to 比……更好；更胜一筹 6．take over 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手 7．conflict with 与……冲突或抵触 8．turn out 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结 果是 9．fall away (逐渐)减少；消失 10．have an urge to 有强烈的欲望做某事 第二组　课文词块 1．on a business trip 出公差 2．feel alarmed 感到害怕 3．feel embarrassed 感到尴尬 4．admire his wisdom and integrity 欣赏他的智慧和正直 5．treat her with dignity 有尊严地对待她 6．social position 社会地位 7．a bigger salary 更高的薪水 8．or rather 更准确地说，更确切地说 9．with wonder 惊奇地 10．accompany her to the shop 陪同她去商店 11．sit myself in the leather seat 我坐在皮椅上 12．draw a breath 吸一口气 13．at maximum speed 以最高的速度三、背好句好段——增分写作 1．句型公式：suggest that ...(should＋)do sth. 教材原句：He suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return. 他还建议在他离开，也就是拉里回家的前一天晚上，克莱尔邀请格拉迪丝和她的朋友们到家里来。 经典佳句：I suggest that students should try multiple ways when learning English so that they can find the way which fits them most. 我建议学生们在学习英语时应该尝试多种方法，以便于他们能找到最适合自己的方法。[2022·全国乙卷书面表达] 2.句型公式：find＋it＋宾语补足语＋不定式 教材原句：It would not be surprising if we found it difficult to distinguish between reality and science fiction in the future.如果我们发现将来很难区分现实和科幻小说，那也就不足为奇了。 经典佳句：65% of the students find it useful to listen to English songs. 65%的学生发现听英语歌曲很有用。[2022·全国乙卷书面表达] 3.句型公式：more ...than ... 与其说……倒不如说…… 教材原句：He seemed more like a human than a machine. 他看着不太像机器，而更像一个真人。 经典佳句：She was more sad than angry when her little son lied to her again. 当她的小儿子再次对她说谎时，与其说她生气倒不如说她伤心。 基础练习 Ⅰ词形转换 1.（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）In my opinion， it’s not a good idea to __________ （random） pair up students for the spoken English training class. 2.When he approached near， he saw a water bottle and a small helmet lying nearby.He leaned closer and noticed fresh little __________ （mud） footsteps disappearing into the woods. 3.There was an _____________ （explode） of applause from the audience at the end of the performance. 4.As a result， adequate preparation is ____________ （urge） needed， including practice， nutrition and a perfect plan. Ⅱ动词的形式变化和固定用法 1.Deep in sorrow， the man wondered how to fetch help， ___________ （pace） up and down in the room nervously. 2.（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）When having trouble in learning English， we have an urge _________ （know） how to deal with it. 3.It is not only the sandwich but also grandma’s love for me ___________ helps me recover. 4.From my perspective， Chinese medicine is superior ___________ western medicine in a sense. Ⅲ熟词新义 1.She calculated that going to a stranger’s house was a risky move， but she decided to take the chance.　___________ 2.Among all poets in the Tang Dynasty， Zhang Ruoxu will be remembered for that one poem alone.　____________ 3.The man moved forward， inching towards the exit.　____________ Ⅳ应用文写作——倡议书——开卷有益 练单句： 1.在阅读月到来之际，我在此敦促大家多读书。 _____________________________________________________________________________ 2.读书证明对我们有益。 _________________________________________________________ 3.读书可以丰富我们的思想，教我们明辨是非，这为进一步学习奠定了坚实的基础。 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（非限制性定语从句） 4.正如一位著名作家所说：“读一本好书就像和一个高尚的人对话。” _______________________________________________________________________________（非限制性定语从句） 5.通过读书，我们可以获得智慧，帮助我们解决日常生活中的实际问题。读书的好处是难以形容的。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.让我们行动起来，每天读书。只有通过读书，才能丰富我们的生活以及精神世界。 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（倒装句） 组语篇： Dear boys and girls， _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅴ读后续写——詹妮面带微笑，跑到妈妈屋里炫耀她的新画…… 按要求完成下列句子： 1.詹妮嘴角挂着微笑，跑到妈妈屋里炫耀她的新画。 __________________________， Jenny rushed to her mom’s room to show off her new painting. 2.她妈妈停下来转过脸朝她微笑。 _________________________________________________ （分词作定语） 3.美丽的画让她妈妈激动不已，她的脸上露出灿烂的笑容。 Her mother was thrilled at the beautiful painting， ______________________________.（并列句） 4.她声音里带着笑说：“詹妮，你画得真好，我相信有一天你会成为一个著名的画家。我真为你骄傲。” ___________________________________，“Jenny， you paint really well.I’m sure you will be a famous painter one day.I’m so proud of you.” 5.当詹妮想象着自己成为一个画家时，她喜笑颜开，嘴角露出微笑。 When Jenny pictured herself becoming a painter， ___________________________________. 6.她笑得更加灿烂了，满怀期待地跑进自己的卧室。 _____________________________________________________________________________ 将以上各句合并成小短文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇： 　　_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 能力提高 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A [2024·河北省部分学校高三联考]Inspired by the effortless way humans handle objects without seeing them， a team led by engineers at the University of California San Diego has developed a new approach that enables a robotic hand to rotate (旋转) objects alone through touch， without relying on vision. Using their technique， the researchers built a robotic hand that can smoothly rotate a wide variety of objects， such as small toys， cans， and even fruits and vegetables， without damaging them. The robotic hand performed these tasks using only information based on touch. The work could aid in the development of robots that can manipulate objects in the dark. To build their system， the researchers attached 16 touch sensors to the palm (掌心) and fingers of a four­fingered robotic hand. Each sensor costs about $12 and serves a simple function： detect whether an object is touching it or not. What makes this approach unique is that it relies on many low­cost touch sensors that use simple， binary (二进制的) signals—touch or no touch—to perform robotic in­hand rotation. These sensors are spread over a large area of the robotic hand. This contrasts with a variety of other approaches that rely on a few high­cost touch sensors attached to a small area of the robotic hand，primarily at the fingertips. The researchers then tested their system on the real­life robotic hand with objects that the system has not yet encountered. The robotic hand was able to rotate a variety of objects without losing its hold. The objects included a tomato， pepper， a can of peanut butter and a toy rubber duck，which was the most challenging object due to its shape. Wang and his team are now working on extending their approach to more complex operation tasks. They are currently developing techniques to enable robotic hands to throw and catch， for example. “If we can give robots this skill， that will open the door to the kinds of tasks they can perform，” said Wang. 1.What does the underlined word “manipulate” probably mean in Paragraph 2？ A．Remove. B．Control. C．Recognize. D．Distribute. 2.What do we know about the touch sensors of the robotic hand？ A．They are quite expensive. B．They are mainly in the fingertips. C．They perform complex tasks. D．They cover most of its area. 3.What do the researchers' tests on the robotic hand focus on？ A．How well they can function. B．How fast they can perform tasks. C．How accurate they will be. D．How intelligent they become. 4.What does Wang think of their current work on the robotic hand？ A．Challenging. B．Promising. C．Efficient. D．Eventful. B [2024·湖北省十一校高三第一次联考]Many robots track objects by “sight” as they work with them， but optical (光学的) sensors can't take in an item's entire shape when it's in the dark or partially blocked from view. Now a new low­cost technique lets a robotic hand “feel” an unfamiliar object's form and skillfully handle it based on this information alone. University of California， San Diego， roboticist Xiaolong Wang and his team wanted to find out whether complex actions could be achieved in robotics using only simple touch data. The researchers attached 16 contact sensors， each costing about $12， to the palm and fingers of a four­fingered robot hand. These sensors simply indicate if an object is touching the hand or not. “While one sensor doesn't catch much， a lot of them can help you capture different aspects of the object，” Wang says. In this case， the robot's task was to rotate (旋转) items placed in its palm. They first ran simulations (模拟) to collect enough touch data as a virtual robot hand practiced rotating objects， including balls and other irregular objects. Using information from each sensor， the team built a computer model that determines an object's position at every step of the handling process and moves the fingers to rotate it smoothly and stably. Next they transferred this capability to operate a real robot hand， which successfully control previously unfamiliar objects such as apples， tomatoes， soup cans and rubber ducks. Transferring the computer model to the real world was relatively easy because the sensor data were so simple. However， New York University's Lerrel Pinto， who studies robots' interactions， wonders whether the system would fail at more complicated tasks. So in future work， Wang's group aims to tackle more complex movements as well as to add sensors in places such as the sides of the fingers. “This means that there will be more accurate information from touching that allows reconstructing the object shape，” Wang says. The researchers will also try adding vision to complement touch data for handling complicated shape. 5.What was the intention of the research conducted by Xiaolong Wang's group？ A．To develop a robot with advanced optical sensors. B．To create a robotic hand to grasp familiar objects. C．To explore the use of touch data in complex robotic actions. D．To investigate the impact of lighting on robotic recognition． 6.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？ A．The working principle of robot hands in Wang's research. B．The type of contact sensors attached to the robot hand. C．The way that robot hands capture different objects. D．The function of robot hands in Wang's research． 7.How did the researchers gather touch data for the robotic hand's training？ A．They used real­world objects. B．They used complex optical sensors. C．They relied on vision­based technology. D．They conducted simulations with the robot hand. 8.What is XiaoLong Wang's attitude towards Pinto's concern over the system？ A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Unclear. D．Dismissive. Ⅱ.七选五 [2024·山东省济宁市三模]Growing plants is often seen as a very “green” thing to do， but like many products， they take a huge amount of energy to produce. __1__ For example， they use geothermal (地热的) energy to heat greenhouses and solar power to supply electricity and lighting. While domestic growing doesn't involve the same carbon footprint as commercial growing， it's important to consider what we can all do to minimize our own impact while still enjoying growing plants. Over­consumption of plants is a big issue. It's so easy to get overexcited when you see all these incredible plants， and you can end up carrying home huge numbers of them. __2__ The more plants you have， the more limited your time and resources become， and plants can suffer. This leads to another issue—many people may end up throwing away their plants which don't look perfect or stop flowering， in a similar way to the world of fast fashion. __3__. If you are ready and able to increase your collection， propagate (繁殖) from your own plants rather than buying more， and share plants with others. __4__ Meanwhile， we can build a community of like­minded， passionate plant people. Recycling takes a huge amount of input， which can end up more damaging to the environment， so instead of buying something of lower quality that needs replacing every year， buy fewer things of a higher quality. __5__And they can be passed down the generations. A．But large collections call for an enormous amount of work. B．Many commercial growers continue to market their produce. C．This removes the need to buy plants and encourages a sharing culture. D．These will last many years and be more cost­effective in the long term. E．So it's important to assess your collection and buy plants you have time to look after. F．Throwing them away will greatly reduce your gardening footprint on the environment. G．Many large­scale growers have used technology to minimize their impact on the environment． Ⅲ.语法填空 [2024·湖北省名校联考高三期中]Plant lovers believe that talking to plants helps them grow. Scientists have discovered that plants make sounds when they are 1.________ stress. The noises are similar to 2.________ human cry or scream. The scientists believe the sounds are specific enough for us to be able to understand them and to care for their 3.________ (need). Unfortunately， plant sounds are at too high a frequency (频率) for the human ear 4.________ (pick) up. Humans can only hear frequencies of up to 16 kilohertz. The scientists used special AI to detect these sounds 5.________ (produce) by plants that were up to 250 kilohertz. The AI also differed between different types of plant sounds. The research was conducted in a lab at Israel's Tel Aviv University. Scientists 6.________ (discover) that vibrations (振动) from stressed tobacco and tomato plants turned into sound waves. Lead researcher Professor Hadany said： “Each plant and each type of stress 7.________ (link) to a special sound.” She suggested that fields of crops could be quite 8.________ (noise)， saying： “While unable for the human ear to hear， the sounds can be heard by bats， mice and insects.” Understanding these sounds could help us know 9.________ crops are in need of water， so as to water them in time. Therefore， farmers could water their crops 10.________ (efficient)， and thus save more water. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$