专题08 过去完成时的用法【精讲精练】-2024-2025学年九年级英语上学期期末考点大串讲（人教版）

2024-2025学年九年级上期末考点大串讲（人教版） 专题08 过去完成时的用法 语法精讲 过去完成时 一、过去完成时的概念 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）”。 ----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|----------------------------> 那时以前　 那时　 现在　　　　　　 Mr Black told me that he had seen the movie three times. 布莱克先生告诉我这部电影他已经看过三遍了。 二、过去完成时的结构：主语+had+动词过去分词(done) (1)肯定句：主语＋had＋动词过去分词＋其他。 He had already been to New York earlier in the week.本周早些时候他去过纽约。 (2)否定句：主语＋had＋not＋动词过去分词＋其他。 At that time we hadn't met her.那时我们还没有见到她。 (3)疑问句：Had＋主语＋动词过去分词＋其他？ 肯定回答：Yes，主语＋had. 否定回答：No，主语＋hadn't. —Had you visited here before? ——你以前参观过这里吗？ —Yes，I had./No, I hadn't.——是，我去过。/没有，我以前没有去过。 (4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组＋had＋主语＋过去分词＋其他？ Where had you been before you came here?你来这里前还去过哪儿？ 三、过去完成时的主要用法　 过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。多与 already， yet， still ， just， before， never 等时间副词及 by ， before ， until 等引导的短语或从句连用。如： He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 发生在 told 之前 ) When I woke up, it had stopped raining. Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.　 　 Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten. 四、过去完成时的判断依据 1. 由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： （ 1 ） by, by the end of, before + 过去的时间点。 I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. （ 2 ） By the time,When ,Before+ 一过从句。 Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.　 Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten. When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： （ 1 ）宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。　 She said that she had seen the film before. （ 2 ）状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。 When I got to the station, the train had already left. After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 　 注意： before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。 Where did you study before you came here? After he closed the door, he left the classroom. 3. 根据上、下文来判定。 　　I met Jim in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to London. 五、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 　　现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“助动词 have (has) + 过去分词”；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。试比较： I have learned 1000 English words so far. 到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。 I had learned 1000 English words till then. 到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。 — I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。 — Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes. 没什么，我只等了几分钟。（“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在） — John returned home yesterday. 约翰昨天回到家的。 — Where had he been? 他去哪儿了？（答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在 returned home 之前去了哪些地方，即“过去的过去”） 基础训练 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1．When he got to the airport, he found he__________ their passport at home. A．left B．has left C．had left D．was left 2．When I got to the train station, the train __________. A．left B．has left C．had left D．was left 3．By the time Roy walked into the classroom, the teacher ________ teaching already. A．started B．would start C．starts D．had started 4．Li Lei ________ about 1, 500 English words by the end of last term. He is hard­working. A．learns B．learned C．has learned D．had learned 5．It was the first time that we ________ for our parents. A．cooked B．were cooking C．have cooked D．had cooked 6．We ________ to tell Candy the good news, but we found that she wasn’t in. A．mean B．have meant C．had meant D．meant 7．Han Mei ________ to the Great Wall twice before she went to university. A．has been B．had been C．was D．is 8．By the time my father got to the station, the bus ________. A．left B．has left C．had left D．was leaving 9．Seeing John rush into the room with tears in his eyes, I asked him what ________. A．would happen B．had happened C．happened D．was happened 10．My parents ________ for twenty years by the time I was 15. A．married B．had married C．had been married D．had got married 11．—How long ________ you ________ TV by the time I called you? —For about two hours. A．had; watched B．have; watched C．did; watch D．were; watching 12．The film ________ when I ________ to the cinema. A．was on；arrived B．has been on；got C．began；reached D．had begun；got 13．I ________ all the exercises ________ the end of last week. A．have finished; at B．would finish; in C．had finished; by D．finish; since 14．When I arrived at the cinema, the movie ________ for ten minutes. A．has begun B．had begun C．had been on D．has been on 15．Her daughter _________ English for six years before she became a high school student. A．studies B．studied C．has studied D．had studied 16．She told us that her brother ________ the league for more than three years. A．had been in B．has been in C．had joined D．has joined 17．When I got to the train station, the train ________for ten minutes. A．had left B．has left C．had been away D．has been away 18．By the time I got to the supermarket,all the tomatoes ________. A．sell out B．have been sold out C．sold out D．had been sold out 19．By the time I woke up,my father ________ in the bathroom for several minutes. A．has gone B．has been C．had been D．had gone 20．The meeting ________ by the time I got there yesterday. A．was on B．has been on C．had begun D．has begun on 提升训练 1．（23-24九年级上·河北沧州·期末）When we got to the cinema, the film ________ for 20 minutes. A．had begun B．has been on C．had been on D．has begun 2．（23-24九年级上·河北石家庄·期末）How long ________ the film ________ when you got to the cinema? A．has; been on B．has; begun C．had; begun D．had; been on 3．（23-24九年级上·山东滨州·期末）He ________ films in Asia for more than twenty years by the time he arrived in America. A．had made B．has made C．made D．would make 4．（23-24九年级上·河北邢台·期末）By the time I rushed into the cinema, the movie ________ for half an hour. A．had begun B．began C．was on D．had been on 5．（22-23九年级上·山东泰安·期末）When I got to the airport, I was told that the plane ________ a few minutes before. A．had taken off B．was taken off C．took off 6．（22-23九年级上·山东泰安·期末）By the time I got outside, the bus ________ already ________. A．had left B．left C．leaves 7．（23-24九年级上·山东东营·期末）By the end of last month they ________ thousands of apple trees on the mountain. A．have planted B．had planted C．planted D．would plant 8．（23-24九年级上·河北沧州·期末）When I got home, I realized I ________ my keys in the classroom. A．left B．leave C．have left D．had left 9．（22-23九年级上·甘肃平凉·期末）When they got to the station, the bus ________ already ________. A．has, left B．left, / C．had, left D．was, leaving 10．（22-23九年级上·云南迪庆·期末）By the time of last year, she ________ the French for five years. A．learnt B．has learnt C．had learnt D．was learnt 11．（23-24九年级上·四川广元·期末）He told me that he ________ his homework at home. A．has forgotten B．had forgotten C．has left D．had left 12．（23-24九年级上·云南昆明·期末）It’s a pity that we missed the beginning of the movie. When we got to the movie theater, the movie ________ for 20 minutes A．had started B．had been on C．has started D．was starting 13．（23-24九年级上·黑龙江绥化·期末）When I got to the bus stop, the bus ________ already ________ for 5 minutes. A．had, left B．has, been away C．had, been away 14．（22-23九年级上·安徽滁州·期末）—How long ________ the movie ________ when the students got there? —For about five minutes. A．has; begun B．had; begun C．has; been on D．had; been on 15．（22-23九年级上·黑龙江七台河·期末）By the time I got to the station, the train ________ for ten minutes. A．left B．had left C．had been away 16．（23-24九年级上·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·期末）By the time I got to the cinema, the movie ________ for ten minutes. A．had been on B．had stopped C．had begun 17．（23-24九年级上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）Lewis Carroll was an English writer. By the time of his death, one of his works, Alice ________ the most popular children’s book in England. A．become B．had become C．has become 18．（22-23九年级上·云南昆明·期末）By the time I got to the cinema, the film ________ on for half an hour. A．has been B．had begun C．had been D．has begun 19．（21-22九年级上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）—What happened to John this morning? —By the time he got to school, the teacher _______ the math homework. He missed it . A．collects B．collected C．had collected 20．（22-23九年级上·吉林长春·期末）—What happened to you last night? —We were stuck in the heavy traffic, and by the time we arrived at the restaurant, it ________. A．has been closed B．was closed C．is closed D．had been closed 21．（22-23九年级上·广西贵港·期末）By the time I got to the cinema, the film ________ for half an hour. A．had begun B．was on C．had been on 22．（22-23九年级上·河北石家庄·期末）By the time I got to school, Mr. Wang ______ teaching. A．started B．has started C．was starting D．had started 23．（22-23九年级上·云南昆明·期末）When I got home, I realized I ________ my keys in the classroom. A．left B．leave C．leaving D．had left 24．（22-23九年级上·广西贺州·期末）What bad luck! When I got to school, I realized that I ________ my backpack at home. A．left B．was left C．have left D．had left 25．（21-22九年级上·云南迪庆·期末）By the time I got to the airport, the plane ________. A．takes off B．took off C．has taken off D．had taken off $$2024-2025学年九年级上期末考点大串讲（人教版） 专题08 过去完成时的用法 语法精讲 过去完成时 一、过去完成时的概念 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）”。 ----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|----------------------------> 那时以前　 那时　 现在　　　　　　 Mr Black told me that he had seen the movie three times. 布莱克先生告诉我这部电影他已经看过三遍了。 二、过去完成时的结构：主语+had+动词过去分词(done) (1)肯定句：主语＋had＋动词过去分词＋其他。 He had already been to New York earlier in the week.本周早些时候他去过纽约。 (2)否定句：主语＋had＋not＋动词过去分词＋其他。 At that time we hadn't met her.那时我们还没有见到她。 (3)疑问句：Had＋主语＋动词过去分词＋其他？ 肯定回答：Yes，主语＋had. 否定回答：No，主语＋hadn't. —Had you visited here before? ——你以前参观过这里吗？ —Yes，I had./No, I hadn't.——是，我去过。/没有，我以前没有去过。 (4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组＋had＋主语＋过去分词＋其他？ Where had you been before you came here?你来这里前还去过哪儿？ 三、过去完成时的主要用法　 过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。多与 already， yet， still ， just， before， never 等时间副词及 by ， before ， until 等引导的短语或从句连用。如： He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 发生在 told 之前 ) When I woke up, it had stopped raining. Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.　 　 Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten. 四、过去完成时的判断依据 1. 由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： （ 1 ） by, by the end of, before + 过去的时间点。 I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. （ 2 ） By the time,When ,Before+ 一过从句。 Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.　 Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten. When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： （ 1 ）宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。　 She said that she had seen the film before. （ 2 ）状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。 When I got to the station, the train had already left. After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 　 注意： before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。 Where did you study before you came here? After he closed the door, he left the classroom. 3. 根据上、下文来判定。 　　I met Jim in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to London. 五、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 　　现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“助动词 have (has) + 过去分词”；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。试比较： I have learned 1000 English words so far. 到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。 I had learned 1000 English words till then. 到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。 — I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。 — Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes. 没什么，我只等了几分钟。（“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在） — John returned home yesterday. 约翰昨天回到家的。 — Where had he been? 他去哪儿了？（答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在 returned home 之前去了哪些地方，即“过去的过去”） 基础训练 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1．When he got to the airport, he found he__________ their passport at home. A．left B．has left C．had left D．was left 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当他到达机场时，他发现他把护照忘在家里了。 考查动词时态。left离开，留下，动词过去式；has left现在完成时；had left过去完成时；was left被动结构。根据“When he got to the airport”可知，到达机场是过去的动作，而“把护照忘在家里”发生在过去的动作之前，用过去完成时，结构为had + done，故选C。 2．When I got to the train station, the train __________. A．left B．has left C．had left D．was left 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当我到火车站的时候，火车已经开了。 考查过去完成时。根据句意可知，火车在我到达火车站之前就开了, 而got to是过去时, leave“离开”这一动作在got to之前已经发生, 所以要用过去完成时，过去完成时的结构是had+过去分词，leave的过去分词是left。故选C。 3．By the time Roy walked into the classroom, the teacher ________ teaching already. A．started B．would start C．starts D．had started 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当罗伊走进教室时，老师已经开始上课了。 考查动词时态。根据“Roy walked into the classroom”可知，走进教室发生在过去，所以老师开始讲课发生在走进教室之前，动作表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时“had+动词的过去分词”，故选D。 4．Li Lei ________ about 1, 500 English words by the end of last term. He is hard­working. A．learns B．learned C．has learned D．had learned 【答案】D 【详解】句意：到上学期末，李磊已经学会了大约1500个英语单词。他学习很努力。 考查动词时态。“by+过去的时间段”意为“到……为止”，表示句中的动作发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时的“had+动词过去分词”，故选D。 5．It was the first time that we ________ for our parents. A．cooked B．were cooking C．have cooked D．had cooked 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这是我们第一次为父母做饭。 考查动词时态。“It is the first time +从句”的结构中，从句用现在完成时，此处为“It was the first time that+从句”结构，从句应用过去完成时“had+动词过去分词”，故选D。 6．We ________ to tell Candy the good news, but we found that she wasn’t in. A．mean B．have meant C．had meant D．meant 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们本想告诉坎蒂这个好消息，但我们发现她不在。 考查动词时态。根据“but we found that she wasn’t in”可知，发现坎蒂不在发生在过去，想告诉坎蒂这个好消息发现坎蒂不在，所以空格处动作表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时“had+动词过去分词”，故选C。 7．Han Mei ________ to the Great Wall twice before she went to university. A．has been B．had been C．was D．is 【答案】B 【详解】句意：韩梅在上大学之前去过两次长城。 考查动词时态。根据“before she went to university”可知，上大学发生在过去，去长城是发生在上大学前，所以主句动作是发生在“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时“had+动词过去分词”，故选B。 8．By the time my father got to the station, the bus ________. A．left B．has left C．had left D．was leaving 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在我父亲到车站的时候，公交车已经离开了。 考查时态。根据“By the time my father got to the station”可知公交车离开的动作发生在到达之前，用过去完成时had done。故选C。 9．Seeing John rush into the room with tears in his eyes, I asked him what ________. A．would happen B．had happened C．happened D．was happened 【答案】B 【详解】句意：看到约翰热泪盈眶地冲进房间，我问他发生了什么。 考查过去完成时。would happen用于过去将来时；had happened用于过去完成时；happened用于一般过去时；was happened用于一般过去时的被动语态，happen“发生”，没有被动语态。根据“I asked him what…”可知，此处为宾语从句，主句一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去时态，根据语境可知“发生”这个动作发生在asked“问”之前，即过去的过去，要用过去完成时。故选B。 10．My parents ________ for twenty years by the time I was 15. A．married B．had married C．had been married D．had got married 【答案】C 【详解】句意：到我15岁时，我父母已经结婚20年了。 考查时态。根据“for twenty years by the time I was 15.”可知，此处表示在某个过去的时间之前已经发生的动作，应用过去完成时，排除A选项，且句中动词要用延续性动词，B/C/D三个选项中C选项是延续性动词，故选C。 11．—How long ________ you ________ TV by the time I called you? —For about two hours. A．had; watched B．have; watched C．did; watch D．were; watching 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我给你打电话时你看了多长时间电视？——大约两个小时。 考查动词时态。had…watched过去完成时；have…watched现在完成时；did…watch一般过去时；were…watching过去进行时。根据by the time“到……时候为止”，可知表示事情发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时，结构是“had+动词的过去分词”，故选A。 12．The film ________ when I ________ to the cinema. A．was on；arrived B．has been on；got C．began；reached D．had begun；got 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当我到电影院的时候，电影已经开始了。 考查一般过去时和过去完成时。begin开始，延续性动词是be on；arrive到达，后面接介词in/at；get to到达；reach到达，后面直接接宾语，根据第二个空后的“to the cinema”可知，应该是到电影院，用got，排除A和C，“电影开始”发生在“到电影院”之前且“到电影院”是一般过去时，所以第一个空用过去完成时，指“发生在过去的过去”，排除B，故选D。 13．I ________ all the exercises ________ the end of last week. A．have finished; at B．would finish; in C．had finished; by D．finish; since 【答案】C 【详解】句意：到上周末为止，我已经完成了所有的练习。 考查动词时态和介词辨析。at后加具体的时刻；in后加某年某月某季节；by加时间表示“截止在这个时间点以前”，这个时间点是过去的，那就常用于过去完成时；since自从。固定短语by the end of+过去的时间点“到……为止”，句子需用过去完成时，其结构为：had done。故选C。 14．When I arrived at the cinema, the movie ________ for ten minutes. A．has begun B．had begun C．had been on D．has been on 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当我到达电影院时，电影已经开始了10分钟。 考查过去完成时。根据“When I arrived at the cinema”可知，时态为一般过去时。而“电影开始”发生在“到达”之前，要用过去完成时，结构为had+过去分词；begin为非延续性动词，不能与一段时间连用，要转化为表示状态的be on。故选C。 15．Her daughter _________ English for six years before she became a high school student. A．studies B．studied C．has studied D．had studied 【答案】D 【详解】句意：她的女儿在成为高中生之前已经学习六年英语了。 考查过去完成时态。根据“for six years before she became a high school student.”可知，成为高中生是过去的事情，学习英语六年是在成为高中生之前发生的事情。表示过去某一时间之前就已经完成的动作要用过去完成时，结构为had done。故选D。 16．She told us that her brother ________ the league for more than three years. A．had been in B．has been in C．had joined D．has joined 【答案】A 【详解】句意：她告诉我们她哥哥已经加入联盟三年多了。 考查过去完成时态。本句是that引导的宾语从句，时态上遵循“主现从不限，主过从必过”原则；主句是一般过去时态，从句也应该用相应的过去某个时态；根据“for more than three years”可知，表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已完成的动作或状态，用过去完成时，结构是：had+动词的过去分词。join是非延续性动词，不能与时间段连用，要变为延续性动作be in。be的过去分词是been。故选A。 17．When I got to the train station, the train ________for ten minutes. A．had left B．has left C．had been away D．has been away 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当我到达火车站时，火车已经开走十分钟了。 本题考查时态和动词辨析。had left是过去完成时，是瞬间性动词；has left是现在完成时，是瞬间性动词；had been away是过去完成时，是延续性动词；has been away是现在完成时，是延续性动词。根据When I got to the train station,可知，此处用过去完成时，排除BD两项。根据for ten minutes可知，与时间段连用，用延续性动词。故选C。 【点睛】延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。 终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。常见的非延续性动词有：come, go, arrive, reach, leave, begin, start, buy, join, die, borrow, getup等。这类动词也可以用于完成时态，说明某个动作的结果还存在，但不能和for 表示的一段时间的状语连用。 18．By the time I got to the supermarket,all the tomatoes ________. A．sell out B．have been sold out C．sold out D．had been sold out 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我到超市时，所有的西红柿都卖完了。 考查过去完成时。sell out卖完，动词原形；have been sold out已经被卖完，现在完成时的被动结构；sold out卖完，过去时；had been sold out已经被卖完，过去完成时的被动结构；根据句意理解及句中By the time引导的从句可知，主句的动作发生在从句动作之前，而从句用的是过去时，所以主句要用过去完成时，且句子主语the tomatoes与动词sell out之间是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态，故选D。 19．By the time I woke up,my father ________ in the bathroom for several minutes. A．has gone B．has been C．had been D．had gone 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当我醒来时，我父亲已经在浴室里呆了几分钟了。 考查过去完成时。has gone去了，现在完成时；has been去过，现在完成时；had been去过，过去完成时；had gone去了，过去完成时；根据句意理解及By the time引导的从句可知，从句动作发生在过去，而主句动作发生在从句动作之前，所以这里应该用过去完成时，而这里表达的是“去某地呆了多久”，所以应该用have been in的形式，故选C。 【点睛】英语中表示一个动作在另一个动作之前就已经发生或者完成时，句子要用过去完成时的结构，而在完成时态中，表达“去过某地”用have been to，表达“去了某地”用have gone to，表达“去了某地呆了多久”用have been in/ at，做题要注意理解句意来区别。 20．The meeting ________ by the time I got there yesterday. A．was on B．has been on C．had begun D．has begun on 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我昨天到那儿时，会议已经开始了。 本题考查动词辨析和时态。was on是一般过去时，是延续性动词；has been on是现在完成时，是延续性动词；had begun是过去完成时，是瞬间性动词；has begun on是现在完成时。这里没有必要加on，如果后面有时间段就用had been on；故排除D；根据by the time I got there yesterday可知，此处表示在过去某时之前，已经发生的事，用过去完成时，表示我到达之前会议已经开始了，因此用过去完成时。故选C。 提升训练 1．（23-24九年级上·河北沧州·期末）When we got to the cinema, the film ________ for 20 minutes. A．had begun B．has been on C．had been on D．has begun 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当我们到了电影院的时候，电影已经开始放了20分钟。 考查动词时态。根据“When we got to the cinema”可知，整体动作发生在过去，需要用过去的时态，不用现在完成时，排除BD；根据“for 20 minutes.”可知，和一段时间连用，谓语动词需要是延续性动词，begin是短暂性动词，需要用对应的延续性动词be on。故选C。 2．（23-24九年级上·河北石家庄·期末）How long ________ the film ________ when you got to the cinema? A．has; been on B．has; begun C．had; begun D．had; been on 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当你到达电影院时，电影已经开始播放多久了？ 考查过去完成时态和延续性动作。begin开始，短暂性动词，通常与时间点连用；be on开始，是一个表示状态的短语。根据“when you got to the cinema”可知，电影开始发生在到达电影院之前，即过去的过去，因此时态为过去完成时，结构为“主语+had+过去分词”，再由“How long”可知，此处询问的是一个时间段，而不是一个具体的时间点，因此用be on，be的过去分词为been。故选D。 3．（23-24九年级上·山东滨州·期末）He ________ films in Asia for more than twenty years by the time he arrived in America. A．had made B．has made C．made D．would make 【答案】A 【详解】句意：到美国时，他已经在亚洲拍了二十多年电影。 考查时态。根据语境可知，“拍电影”的动作发生在“到达美国”之前，表示过去的过去，用过去完成时had done。故选A。 4．（23-24九年级上·河北邢台·期末）By the time I rushed into the cinema, the movie ________ for half an hour. A．had begun B．began C．was on D．had been on 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当我冲进电影院时，电影已经开始半个小时了。 考查过去完成时。根据“By the time I rushed into the cinema”以及“for half an hour”可知，时态为过去完成时，其谓语动词构成为had done，此处表示延续性动作，begin为非延续性动词不符合，应用“had been on”。故选D。 5．（22-23九年级上·山东泰安·期末）When I got to the airport, I was told that the plane ________ a few minutes before. A．had taken off B．was taken off C．took off 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当我到机场时，我被告知飞机几分钟前已经起飞了。 考查过去完成时。根据“When I got to the airport...the plane...a few minutes before.”可知主句的动作“飞机起飞”发生在过去的过去，时态是用过去完成时。故选A。 6．（22-23九年级上·山东泰安·期末）By the time I got outside, the bus ________ already ________. A．had left B．left C．leaves 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当我到外面的时候，公共汽车已经开走了。 考查动词时态用法。had left离开，过去完成时；left过去式；leaves三单形式。根据“By the time I got outside, the bus...”可知，公共汽车离开的动作在“我出去”之前已经完成，结合got为过去式，所以此处应用过去完成时had done结构。故选A。 7．（23-24九年级上·山东东营·期末）By the end of last month they ________ thousands of apple trees on the mountain. A．have planted B．had planted C．planted D．would plant 【答案】B 【详解】句意：截至上月底，他们已经在山上种了成千上万棵苹果树。 考查过去完成时。根据时间状语“By the end of last month”可知，句子的时态是过去完成时，其谓语动词构成是had done，所以空处应是had planted。故选B。 8．（23-24九年级上·河北沧州·期末）When I got home, I realized I ________ my keys in the classroom. A．left B．leave C．have left D．had left 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当我到家时，我意识到我把钥匙忘在教室里了。 考查过去完成时。根据“When I got home”和“I realized”可知，钥匙忘在教室里的时间发生在到家和意识到之前，即过去的过去，用过去完成时，其结构是“had+过去分词”。故选D。 9．（22-23九年级上·甘肃平凉·期末）When they got to the station, the bus ________ already ________. A．has, left B．left, / C．had, left D．was, leaving 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当他们到达车站时，公共汽车已经开走了。 考查动词时态。has left离开，现在完成时；left过去式；had left过去完成时；was leaving过去进行时。根据“already”可知是完成时，表示“已经开走了”；且从句“When they got to the station”使用的是过去时，而主句的动作“离开”发生在他们“到达”之前，应是“过去的过去”，即使用过去完成时，故选C。 10．（22-23九年级上·云南迪庆·期末）By the time of last year, she ________ the French for five years. A．learnt B．has learnt C．had learnt D．was learnt 【答案】C 【详解】句意：到去年为止，她已经学了五年法语了。 考查过去完成时。根据“By the time of last year”可知句子应用过去完成时，其谓语结构为：had+过去分词。故选C。 11．（23-24九年级上·四川广元·期末）He told me that he ________ his homework at home. A．has forgotten B．had forgotten C．has left D．had left 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他告诉我他把作业忘在家里了。 考查动词时态。根据“He told me that he”可知，句子是过去时态，后面的宾语从句也要用过去时的某种形式，这里表示在告诉之前，作业就已经忘记在家了，表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时：had done。故选D。 12．（23-24九年级上·云南昆明·期末）It’s a pity that we missed the beginning of the movie. When we got to the movie theater, the movie ________ for 20 minutes A．had started B．had been on C．has started D．was starting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：很遗憾我们错过了电影的开头。当我们到达电影院时电影已经开始二十分钟了。 考查过去完成时。根据“When we got to the movie theater, the movie”可知电影开始发生在过去的过去，所以用过去完成时态。过去完成时结构为：主语+had+动词的过去分词；根据“for 20 minutes”可知谓语动词用延续性动词；start对应的延续性状态为be on，be的过去分词为been，故选B。 13．（23-24九年级上·黑龙江绥化·期末）When I got to the bus stop, the bus ________ already ________ for 5 minutes. A．had, left B．has, been away C．had, been away 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当我到达公共汽车站时，公共汽车已经开走了5分钟。 考查动词时态和延续性动词。leave离开，过去分词是left，短暂性动词；be away离开，延续性动词。根据“already”和“When I got to the bus stop”可知，应是在到车站前车就离开了，所以是强调过去的过去，所以用过去完成时，结合“for 5 minutes”是时间段可知，空处需用延续性动词。故选C。 14．（22-23九年级上·安徽滁州·期末）—How long ________ the movie ________ when the students got there? —For about five minutes. A．has; begun B．had; begun C．has; been on D．had; been on 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——当学生们进去的时候，电影播放了多久？——大约5分钟。 考查过去完成时。has/had助动词；begun开始，非延续动词；been on开始，表状态。根据“when the students got there”可知，when后面引导的从句是一般过去时，电影是在学生进去之前开始播放的，所以是过去的过去，助动词用had；“how long”后接延续性动词，需用been on。故选D。 15．（22-23九年级上·黑龙江七台河·期末）By the time I got to the station, the train ________ for ten minutes. A．left B．had left C．had been away 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当我到达火车站时，火车已经开走十分钟了。 考查动词时态。根据“By the time I got to the station”可知，事情发生在过去的过去，应为过去完成时，排除A选项。leave是非延续性动词，不能与时间段连用，此处应用延续性动词be away。故选C。 16．（23-24九年级上·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·期末）By the time I got to the cinema, the movie ________ for ten minutes. A．had been on B．had stopped C．had begun 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当我到达电影院时，电影已经开始10分钟了。 考查延续性动词。had been on已经上映；had stopped已经停止；had begun已经开始。根据“By the time”引导的从句是一般过去时，可知主句时态应为过去完成时；而stop和begin都是短暂性动词，不能与“for ten minutes”（一段时间）连用，begin的延续性动词（短语）是be on。故选A。 17．（23-24九年级上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）Lewis Carroll was an English writer. By the time of his death, one of his works, Alice ________ the most popular children’s book in England. A．become B．had become C．has become 【答案】B 【详解】句意：刘易斯·卡罗尔是一位英国作家。到他去世时，他的一部作品《爱丽丝》已经成为英国最受欢迎的儿童读物。 考查动词的时态。根据“By the time of his death, one of his works, Alice...the most popular children’s book in England.”可知“变得受欢迎”的动作发生在“去世”之前，故此处表示过去的过去，用过去完成时had done。故选B。 18．（22-23九年级上·云南昆明·期末）By the time I got to the cinema, the film ________ on for half an hour. A．has been B．had begun C．had been D．has begun 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我到电影院的时候，电影已经开始半个小时了。 考查动词时态。begin开始；be on上映。根据“By the time I got to the cinema”可知，主句时态是过去完成时，结构为“had+过去分词”；“for half an hour”是时间段，和延续性动词be连用。 故选C。 19．（21-22九年级上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末）—What happened to John this morning? —By the time he got to school, the teacher _______ the math homework. He missed it . A．collects B．collected C．had collected 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——今天早上约翰发生了什么事？——当他到达学校时，老师已经收完了数学作业。他错过了。 考查动词时态。根据空前的“By the time he got to school”可知，收作业发生在他到校之前，此处应用过去完成时。故选C。 20．（22-23九年级上·吉林长春·期末）—What happened to you last night? —We were stuck in the heavy traffic, and by the time we arrived at the restaurant, it ________. A．has been closed B．was closed C．is closed D．had been closed 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你昨晚发生了什么事？——我们被困在拥挤的交通中，当我们到达餐厅时，已经关门了。 考查过去完成时。by the time表示“到……时候”，引导从句的时态为一般过去时，则主句的时态要用过去完成时，体现“过去的过去”。故选D。 21．（22-23九年级上·广西贵港·期末）By the time I got to the cinema, the film ________ for half an hour. A．had begun B．was on C．had been on 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我到电影院的时候，电影已经开始半个小时了。 考查时态。根据“By the time I got to the cinema”可知，“我到达电影院”是过去发生的动作，“电影开始”是过去的过去，时态应用过去完成时；再根据“for half an hour”可知，与一段时间连用要用延续性动词，begin“开始”，是非延续性动词，应转换为be on。故选C。 22．（22-23九年级上·河北石家庄·期末）By the time I got to school, Mr. Wang ______ teaching. A．started B．has started C．was starting D．had started 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我到学校的时候，王老师已经开始教学了。 考查动词时态。根据从句“By the time I got to school”是一般过去时可知，主句的动作“开始教学”发生在从句动作之前，即过去的过去，所以用过去完成时，其构成是had+过去分词。故选D。 23．（22-23九年级上·云南昆明·期末）When I got home, I realized I ________ my keys in the classroom. A．left B．leave C．leaving D．had left 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当我到家时，我意识到我把钥匙落在教室了。 考查动词时态。根据“When I got home”和“I realized”可知，丢落钥匙发生在到家和意识到之前，即过去的过去，用过去完成时。故选D。 24．（22-23九年级上·广西贺州·期末）What bad luck! When I got to school, I realized that I ________ my backpack at home. A．left B．was left C．have left D．had left 【答案】D 【详解】句意：真倒霉！当我到达学校时，我意识到我把背包忘在家里了。 考查时态。分析句子可知，“把包忘家”发生在“意识到”之前，表示“过去的过去”用过去完成时had done。故选D。 25．（21-22九年级上·云南迪庆·期末）By the time I got to the airport, the plane ________. A．takes off B．took off C．has taken off D．had taken off 【答案】D 【详解】句意：到我到达机场的时候，飞机已经起飞了。 考查动词时态。by the time“到……之前”+一般过去时从句，主句用过去完成时。这里是表示起飞发生在到达之前，是过去的过去，因此使用过去完成时，其表达方式为had done。故选D。 $$