专题06 动词不定式的用法【精讲精练】-2024-2025学年九年级英语上学期期末考点大串讲（人教版）

九年级上期末考点大串讲（人教版） 专题06 动词不定式的用法 语法精讲 动词不定式 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词的形式，没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能单独作谓语，但在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。 基本形式 肯定 ： to do 否定 ：not to do 一. 作主语 1. 谓语动词用单数形式，为避免＂头重脚轻＂常用it作形式主语。常用句型有： ①It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为＂做某事对某人来说是……＂。 ②It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为＂做某事花费某人多长时间＂ To learn English well is important. = It is important to learn English well. 形式主语 真正的主语 To master a language is not easy=It is not easy to master a language.学好一门语言是不容易的。 二. 作表语 动词不定式可放在系动词后作表语，说明主语的性质，内容，职业，身份等。 My dream is to be an engineer.我想成为一名工程师。 三. 作宾语 动词不定式常用在及物动词后，作宾语，其结构为“动词 + to do”。 常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：would like, want, like,hope, wish, plan，decide,learn, agree, try, remember, forget, expect, refuse,afford, prefer, continue, promise, begin, start 等think,find,believe等动词可用于＂动词+it+adj.+to do sth.＂句型中。it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的不定式。 What do you plan to do this Saturday? 这周六你打算做什么？ He doesn’t need to clean his bedroom tonight. 他今晚不需要打扫房间。 I would like to make friends with you.我想要和你交朋友。 I find it difficult to pass my math exam.我发现要通过数学考试很难。 4. 作宾语补足语 动词不定式常用在宾语后，对宾语的动作或状态进行补充和说明， 构成“动词 + sb. to do sth.”的结构。否定形式多为“动词 + sb. not to do sth” 常接动词不定式做宾补的动词有：ask, teach, encourage, tell, advise, want, would like, wish, invite, allow等。 She often encourages us to ask more questions. 她经常鼓励我们多问问题。 五. 作定语 动词不定式放在名词、代词后作定语，两者之间常有逻辑上的动宾关系，因此，如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，后面应该加上相应的介词。常接不定式作定语的名词有：time, need, way, chance, opportunity, courage, reason, effort, determination, decision ,ability, ambition 1. Can you give me a pen to write with?能给我一只用于书写的笔吗？ 2. Do you have something to say?你有什么要说的吗？ 六．作状语 动词不定式做状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，通常表示目的、原因、结果等。 1. 目的状语 动词不定式作目的状语，可放在句首或句末，译为“为了，目的是”。 He got up early to catch the first bus. 为了赶上第一辆公交车他起的很早。 2. 原因状语 动词不定式作原因状语时，常和某些形容词连用构成 “be+形容词+ to do”的形式。常见的形容词有：happy, glad, sorry, excited, surprised等。 We are glad to hear the news. 我们很开心听到这个消息。 3. 结果状语 动词不定式作结果状语时，常与enough或too连用，构成“adj.+ enough + to do sth” 或“too...to do...”的形式。 He is too young to go to school. 他年级太小不能上学。 He is strong enough to carry the heavy box. 他足够强壮能扛起那个沉重箱子。 七．疑问词+动词不定式 疑问词(what, which, when, where, how)与动词不定式连用，在句中作主语、表语和宾语。 Where to buy the book is my problem. (作主语) My question is when to start the meeting. (作表语) I don’t know how to deal with the problem. (作宾语) * 注意区别： I don’t know what to do. （what是疑问代词，可作及物动词do的宾语） I don’t know how to do it. (how 是疑问副词，不能做宾语） 不定式的特殊用法 ①使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，须省略to。此类动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)、五帮(help)。变为被动语态时，省略的to则要加上。 ②动词不定式的否定形式是not to do，其被动形式为to be done。 ►Our teacher asked us not to swim in the river alone. 我们老师要求我们不要独自一人在河里游泳。 ③常接＂疑问词+带to的不定式＂的动词有teach, show, tell, learn, find out, decide, know, forget等。 ►My mother taught me how to cook yesterday. 昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。 （二）be supposed to与be expected to的用法 一、语法概述 be supposed to意为“应该……”，相当于should；be expected to意为“应该……；被期望……”。两者都可用来表示根据规定或传统习惯应该做某事，两者中的to为不定式符号，后接动词原形。 二、be supposed to的用法 1.当主语是人时 be supposed to的主语是人时，意为“应该……”，用来表示劝告、建议、责任等。 Eg.We are supposed to share some housework with our parents when we have free time. 我们应在空闲时间帮父母分担些家务活。 2.当主语是事或物时 be supposed to的主语是事或物时，意为“本该；本应”，用于表示某事本应该发生而没有发生。 Eg.The meeting was supposed to take place on Tuesday, but we’ve had to put it off. 这个会议本应该在星期二举行，但我们不得不把它推迟了。 3.be supposed to do sth.的否定形式 be supposed to do sth.的否定形式为be not supposed to do sth.意为“不应该做某事”，表示命令或禁止。 Eg.In China, you are not supposed to start eating first if there are old people at the table. 在中国，如果餐桌上有老人，你就不应该先开始吃东西。 【拓展延伸】be supposed to have done表示“本应该做某事（实际上没做）”，相当于should have done。 Eg.He was supposed to have arrived an hour ago. 他本应该一小时之前到。 三、be expected to的用法 be expected to do sth. 意为“应该做某事”或“被期望做某事”，其表达的主观性比be supposed to do sth.更强。 Eg.You’re expected to clean the house. （我）希望你把房间打扫一下。 （三）It is +adj.+to do sth.的用法 一、It is +adj.+to do sth.的用法 It is +adj.+to do sth.意为“做某事是……的”，其中It为形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式（短语）。 Eg.It is hard to solve this problem. 解决这个问题很困难。形式主语 真正的主语 【拓展延伸】在该结构中，有时在to do sth.前加上for/of sb.，sb.是动词不定式（短语）的逻辑主语。其用法如下： It is+adj.+ for sb. to do sth.（对某人来说做某事是……的） of sb. to do sth.（做某事某人……） adj.描述的是人的性格、品质特征 这类形容词有kind, good, nice, polite等 adj.描述的是事物的特征 这类形容词有difficult, easy, important.dangerous等 【语境串记】It’s difficult for me to work out the physics problem, and it’s very kind of him to help me.对我来说，解出这道物理题太难了，他能帮我真是太好了。 基础训练 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1．If you want to lose weight, it’s necessary for you ________ fat, oil and sugar. A．avoid B．avoiding C．to avoid D．to be avoided 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果你想减肥，你有必要避免脂肪、油和糖。 考查非谓语动词。It is+adj+for sb to do sth意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”，固定句型，空处应填动词不定式to avoid。故选C。 2．—Is it helpful ________ us ________ about some foreign customs? —Yes, it is. We should pay attention to them before we travel abroad. A．of; learning B．for; learning C．of; to learn D．for; to learn 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——了解一些外国风俗对我们有帮助吗？——是的，有用。我们在出国旅行之前应该注意这些问题。 考查it固定句型。根据“Is it helpful...us...about some foreign customs?”可知，此处指了解一些外国风俗对我们有帮助，形容词helpful与事物的特征有关，应用句式“It is+形容词+for sb.+to do sth.”，意为“对某人来说做某事怎么样”，第二空应填不定式to learn。故选D。 3．He offered _________ us to the restaurant because it’s newly opened. A．take B．takes C．to take D．taking 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他主动提出带我们去这个餐馆，因为它是新开的。 考查非谓语动词。根据短语offer to do sth.“主动提出做某事”可知，空格处应选动词不定式。故选C。 4．He prefers ________ at home rather than ________ out. A．to stay; go B．staying; going C．to stay; going D．stay; go 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他宁愿呆在家里也不外出。 考查非谓语动词。根据“prefers...at home rather than... ”可知，此处是prefer to do sth rather than do sth“宁愿做……也不做……”，前面是带to的不定式，后面是省to的不定式。故选A。 5．Our job is ________ the children. A．look after B．looks after C．to look after D．looked after 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们的工作是照看孩子们。 考查非谓语动词。此空在句中作表语，应填动词不定式，故选C。 6．Our task is ________ the lost child. A．finding B．found C．to find D．find 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们的任务是找到走失的孩子。 考查非谓语。根据“Our task is…the lost child.”可知，任务的目的是找到丢失的孩子，此处用不定式表目的。故选C。 7．The Water World is a good place ________. A．visiting B．to visit C．visited D．to visiting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：水世界是一个游览的好地方。 考查非谓语动词。a good place to do“做某事的好地方”，动词不定式作后置定语，故选B。 8．If you have no time ________ breakfast, drinking a glass of milk is a good choice. A．have B．having C．had D．to have 【答案】D 【详解】句意：如果你没有时间吃早餐，喝一杯牛奶是一个不错的选择。 考查非谓语动词。have no time to do sth.“没有时间做某事”，不定式作后置定语，故选D。 9．I am expected ________ my experience after winning the math competition. A．sharing B．share C．to share D．shared 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我被期望在赢得数学竞赛后分享我的经验。 考查非谓语动词。根据be expected to do sth.“被期望做某事”可知，此处应用动词不定式to share。故选C。 10．—I saw Lucy go to Miss Zhang’s home just now. —Yes, she is often seen ________ Miss Zhang with her housework. A．help B．to help C．helps D．helping 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我刚才看见露西去了张小姐的家。——是的，人们经常看到她帮助张小姐做家务。 考查动词不定式。help帮助，动词原形；to help动词不定式；helps一般现在时态的第三人称单数形式；helping动名词或现在分词。根据句中“is often seen”可知此处讲的是露西经常被看见去张小姐家帮忙做家务。be seen to do sth. “被看见去做某事”，空处应填动词不定式to help。故选B。 11．As teenagers, we are not allowed ________ mobile phones into school so that we can focus on our schoolwork. A．bring B．to bring C．bringing D．brought 【答案】B 【详解】句意：作为青少年，我们不允许把手机带进学校，这样我们就可以集中精力学习。 考查非谓语动词。be allowed to do sth“被允许做某事”，动词不定式作主语补足语，故选B。 12．Tom was made ________ the classroom yesterday for breaking the class rules. A．clean B．cleaning C．to clean D．cleaned 【答案】C 【详解】句意：因为违反了班级规则，汤姆昨天被要求打扫教室。 考查非谓语动词。根据“was made”可知表达“被要求做某事”，用“be made to do”的结构。用动词不定式“to clean”。故选C。 13．I need some more actors ______________ in the film. A．acting B．to act C．to acting D．acted 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我需要更多的演员来演这部电影。 考查非谓语动词。根据短语need sb. to do sth.“需要某人做某事”可知，空格处应选动词不定式to act。故选B。 14．My father told my grandfather _________ too much strong tea before sleep. A．to not drink B．to drink C．not to drink D．drink 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我父亲告诉我爷爷睡觉前不要喝太多浓茶。 考查非谓语动词。根据“told my grandfather...too much strong tea before sleep”可知，tell sb. (not) to do sth.“告诉某人（不要）做某事”，结合句意，睡觉前不要喝太多浓茶，所以用动词不定式的否定形式not to drink。故选C。 15．— I’m not good at speaking English. What should I do, Larry? — I advise you ________ an English club. A．joins B．joined C．joining D．to join 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——Larry，我不擅长说英语。我应该做些什么？——我建议你加入一个英语俱乐部。 考查非谓语动词。根据“I advise you...”可知，此处表达“建议某人做某事”。advise sb. to do sth.“建议某人做某事”，这里是不定式to do作宾语补足语。故选D。 16．________ healthy, you should do more exercise. A．Keep B．To keep C．Keeping D．To keeping 【答案】B 【详解】句意：为了保持健康，你应该多做运动。 考查非谓语。分析句子可知，“keep healthy”是“do more exercise”的目的，应用不定式to keep作目的状语。故选B。 17．We have done what we could ________ the poor children in hospital. A．help B．to help C．helping D．helped 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们已经尽力去帮助住院的贫困儿童。 考查不定式。分析句子可知，此处需用动词不定式作目的状语，故选B。 18．Mr Yang always explains the difficult points many times ____________ his students understand. A．to make B．make C．making D．makes 【答案】A 【详解】句意：杨老师总是把难点解释很多遍，以便于他的学生能明白。 考查非谓语动词。根据题意可知，杨老师难点讲很多遍的目的就是让学生听懂，此处不定式to do表示目的“以便于”。故选A。 19．I am sorry__________ you__________ for me for a long time. A．to keep；wait B．to keep；waiting C．keep；wait D．keeping；waiting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：对不起，让你等我很长时间。 本题考查非谓语动词。I am sorry to do sth很抱歉做了某事。故第一空用动词不定式to keep。keep sb doing sth让某人一直做某事，故第二空用现在分词waiting。故选B。 20．Tom was surprised his old friend in the street. A．meet B．to meet C．meeting D．met 【答案】B 【详解】句意：汤姆在大街上遇见他的老朋友非常惊讶。此处解释惊讶的原因，做原因状语，故用动词不定式to meet。be surprised to do ,故选B。 21．Let’s leave the problem until tomorrow. I’m ______ tired ______ think about it. A．too; to B．so; that C．enough; to D．such; too 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们把这个问题留到明天吧。我太累了，没法去想它。 考查词义辨析。too..to...太……而不能……；so...that...太……以至于……；enough...to...足够……去做……；such...too...错误表达。根据“Let’s leave the problem until tomorrow. I’m...tired...think about it.”可知，因为太累了而无法去思考这个问题，所以把这个问题留到明天。故选A。 22．She’s not strong enough _________ the big box. A．to carry B．carrying C．carry D．carried 【答案】A 【详解】句意：她不够强壮，搬不动那个大箱子。 考查非谓语动词。根据空前“strong enough …”可知，此处考查adj. + enough to do“足够……去做某事”，固定搭配，因此这里应用动词不定式结构作结果状语。故选A。 23．At night, there are too many stars in the sky ________. A．count B．for counting C．to count D．to be counted 【答案】C 【详解】句意：晚上，天上的星星多得数不清。 考查too...to...的用法。根据“there are too many stars”可知，此处是too...to do“太……而不能做某事”结构，故选C。 24．We don’t have enough paper______.Will you please go and buy some? A．to write B．write C．to write on D．writing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们没有足够的纸写字。你能去买一些吗？ 考查非谓语动词。“have enough...to do sth.”意为“有足够的……去做某事”，此处用动词不定式作结果状语，因不定式与逻辑主语“paper”有动宾关系，介词on不能省，即write on paper，故选C。 25．—We can use MSN to communicate with each other online. —Good! Will you please show me ________ it? A．what to use B．how to use C．when to use D．where to use 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我们可以用MSN在线交流。——很好！你能告诉我怎么用吗？ 考查“疑问词+动词不定式”结构。use是及物动词，后面需要宾语，空后已经给出宾语it，所以此处不用疑问代词what，应该使用疑问副词。how，when和where都属于疑问副词，结合语境可知，希望对方告诉自己如何使用MSN在线交流，应用how。故选B。 提升训练 1．（22-23九年级上·云南普洱·期末）It’s not easy for Julie ________ new friends at school because she is really shy. Let’s help her. A．to make B．making C．makes D．make 【答案】A 【详解】句意：对朱莉来说，在学校结交新朋友并不容易，因为她真的很害羞。让我们帮助她。 考查动词不定式作主语。此处是“It’s+adj+for sb to do sth”句型，it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。故选A。 2．（23-24九年级上·四川泸州·期末）—What should we do at home when we have free time? —I think we are supposed ________ some housework with our parents. A．share B．sharing C．to share D．shared 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——闲暇时我们在家应该做什么？——我认为我们应该与父母分担家务。 考查非谓语动词。share分享，分担；sharing现在分词或动名词；to share不定式；shared过去式或过去分词。be supposed to do sth.“应该做某事”。故选C。 3．（23-24九年级上·云南临沧·期末）Animals are our friends. We are supposed ________ them. A．protect B．protected C．to protect D．protecting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：动物是我们亲密的朋友。我们应该保护它们。 考查非谓语动词。be supposed to do sth.表示“应该做某事”，是固定结构，空处用不定式形式，故选C。 4．（22-23九年级上·上海嘉定·期末）In my opinion, one of the best ways to lose weight is ________ regularly. A．exercise B．to exercise C．exercised D．exercises 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在我看来，减肥最好的方法之一就是经常锻炼。 考查非谓语动词。根据“one of the best ways to lose weight is”可知这里用to引导的动词不定式形式作is的表语，构成系表结构。故选B。 5．（22-23九年级上·黑龙江佳木斯·期末）—I don’t have a partner _________. —Maybe you should join a study group. A．to practice English B．to practice English with C．practicing English 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我没有可以一起练习英语的伙伴。——也许你应该加入一个学习小组。 考查非谓语动词及动词短语。practice sth. with sb.表示“与某人练习某事”，此处用动词不定式作后置定语。故选B。 6．（23-24九年级上·四川遂宁·期末）You’re expected ________ silent when you’re in the library. A．keeping B．to kept C．to keep D．to keeping 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当你在图书馆的时候，你应该保持安静。 考查非谓语动词。be expected to do sth.“被期望做某事”。故选C。 7．（23-24九年级上·四川达州·期末）—They don’t allow ________ in the room. —Yes, but we are allowed ________ outside it. A．smoking, smoking B．smoking, to smoke C．to smoke, smoking 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——他们不允许在房间里吸烟。——是的，但是我们可以在外面抽烟。 考查非谓语动词。allow doing sth.“允许做某事”，因此第一个空用smoking； be allowed to do“被允许做某事”，因此第二个空应用smoke的不定式形式to smoke。故选B。 8．（23-24九年级上·广西百色·期末）Look at those traffic signs! They warn people ________ after drinking. A．to drive B．not to drive C．don’t drive 【答案】B 【详解】句意：看那些交通标志！它们警告人们酒后不要开车。 考查非谓语动词。warn sb. (not) to do sth.“警告某人（不要）做某事”，排除C选项；根据“They warn people … after drinking”可知，警告人们酒后不要开车，故选B。 9．（23-24九年级上·广西梧州·期末）My parents always encourage me ________ hard to enter a good university in the future. A．study B．to study C．studying 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的父母总是鼓励我努力学习，以便将来进入一所好大学。 考查非谓语动词。encourage sb to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选B。 10．（23-24九年级上·福建泉州·期末）—What about playing skateboard? —My parents don’t allow me ________ that sport because they think it’s dangerous. A．do B．doing C．to do 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——玩滑板怎么样？——我父母不允许我做那项运动，因为他们认为这很危险。 考查非谓语动词。根据“My parents don’t allow me…that sport because they think it’s dangerous.”可知，空前有动词allow“允许”，allow sb to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，为动词短语，空处应用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选C。 11．（23-24九年级上·安徽淮南·期末）—We should do what we can ________ English well this term. —It’s high time for you to work hard. A．to study B．study C．be studied D．be studying 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这学期我们应该尽我们所能学好英语。——该是你努力学习的时候了。 考查非谓语动词。根据“We should do what we can ... English well”可知，此处是指尽我们所能的目的是学好英语，空处用不定式作目的状语。故选A。 12．（22-23九年级上·江苏南通·期末）—What else do you think we should pay attention to ________ our environment? —Sorry. I have no idea. A．improving B．improve C．to improving D．to improve 【答案】D 【详解】句意；——为了改善我们的环境，你认为我们还应该注意什么？——对不起，我不知道。 考查介词及非谓语动词。本句中do you think是插入语，what是短语pay attention to的宾语，“to improve”是动词不定式，作目的状语。故选D。 13．（22-23九年级上·江苏盐城·期末）Kitty, these books are ________ heavy for you ________ carry. Let me help you. A．as…as B．too…to C．such…that D．so…that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：凯蒂，这些书太重了，你搬不动。让我来帮你。 考查固定句式。as…as像……一样；too…to太……而不能；such…that如此……以至于；so…that如此……以至于。根据第二个空空后的“carry”是动词原形可知，此处应用too…to结构。故选B。 14．（23-24九年级上·上海青浦·期末）The charity organization has made a promise ________ 5 million trees in this area by 2025. A．plant B．to plant C．planting D．planted 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个慈善机构已经承诺2025年之前在这片区域种植500万棵树。 考查非谓语动词。make a promise to do sth.“承诺做某事”，应用动词不定式，故选B。 15．（22-23九年级上·湖北咸宁·期末）Boys and girls, attention, please! Now let me tell you _______ better in the exams. A．how to do B．what to do C．whether to do D．what to do it 【答案】A 【详解】句意：男孩女孩们，请注意！现在让我来告诉你如何在考试中做得更好。 考查疑问词+不定式。how to do如何做；what to do做什么；whether to do是否做；what to do it此表达错误。根据“Now let me tell you... better ”可知，指的是如何做得更好。故选A。 16．（22-23九年级上·江苏淮安·期末）If I don’t know ________, I will write to Sigmund Friend for help. A．who to talk B．who to talk to C．who I should talk D．who should I talk to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果我不知道该和谁说话，我会写信给Sigmund Friend寻求帮助。 考查特殊疑问词+动词不定式。根据“If I don’t know...”可知，此空成分是宾语，talk to sb“对某人说话”，talk是不及物动词，介词to不能省略，故AC错误；D选项是who引导的宾语从句，语序应该是陈述语序，故D错误。故选B。 17．（22-23九年级上·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·期末）You ________ to start eating first if there are older people at the table in China. A．are expected B．are not supposed C．supposed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在中国，如果餐桌上有老年人，你不应该先开始吃饭。 考查动词辨析。are expected被期待；are not supposed不应该；supposed认为。根据“You…to start eating first if there are older people at the table in China.”可知，此处指的是如果餐桌上有老年人，不应该先开始吃饭；be not supposed to do sth.“不应该做某事”，为固定短语；句子时态为一般现在时，You作主语，应用be动词的复数are，空处应填are not supposed。故选B。 18．（22-23九年级上·四川巴中·期末）China’s next generation rocket to carry humans _________ make its maiden flight (首飞) around 2027. A．are expected to B．is expected to C．expect to D．expecting to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：中国下一代载人火箭预计将于2027年左右进行首飞。 考查被动语态。分析句子可知，主语China’s next generation rocket和谓语expect“预计，期待”之间是被动关系，be expected to“有望做某事”，主语是单数，be动词用is。故选B。 19．（23-24九年级上·河北张家口·期末）—Do you know when Mr. Smith will come back? —I’m not sure, but he’s supposed ________ sometime next week. A．return B．returns C．to return D．returning 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你知道史密斯先生什么时候回来吗？——我不太确定，但他应该在下周某个时候回来。 考查非谓语动词。be supposed to do sth“应当做某事”。故选C。 20．（23-24九年级上·江西景德镇·期末）We ________ know about their table manners before we visit foreign friends. A．are used to B．get used to C．are supposed to D．pay attention to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在我们拜访外国朋友之前，我们应该了解他们的餐桌礼仪。 考查动词短语。are used to习惯于；get used to习惯于；are supposed to应该；pay attention to注意。根据“We … know about their table manners”可知，我们应该了解他们的餐桌礼仪。故选C。 $九年级上期末考点大串讲（人教版） 专题06 动词不定式的用法 语法精讲 动词不定式 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词的形式，没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能单独作谓语，但在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。 基本形式 肯定 ： to do 否定 ：not to do 一. 作主语 1. 谓语动词用单数形式，为避免＂头重脚轻＂常用it作形式主语。常用句型有： ①It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为＂做某事对某人来说是……＂。 ②It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为＂做某事花费某人多长时间＂ To learn English well is important. = It is important to learn English well. 形式主语 真正的主语 To master a language is not easy=It is not easy to master a language.学好一门语言是不容易的。 二. 作表语 动词不定式可放在系动词后作表语，说明主语的性质，内容，职业，身份等。 My dream is to be an engineer.我想成为一名工程师。 三. 作宾语 动词不定式常用在及物动词后，作宾语，其结构为“动词 + to do”。 常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：would like, want, like,hope, wish, plan，decide,learn, agree, try, remember, forget, expect, refuse,afford, prefer, continue, promise, begin, start 等think,find,believe等动词可用于＂动词+it+adj.+to do sth.＂句型中。it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的不定式。 What do you plan to do this Saturday? 这周六你打算做什么？ He doesn’t need to clean his bedroom tonight. 他今晚不需要打扫房间。 I would like to make friends with you.我想要和你交朋友。 I find it difficult to pass my math exam.我发现要通过数学考试很难。 4. 作宾语补足语 动词不定式常用在宾语后，对宾语的动作或状态进行补充和说明， 构成“动词 + sb. to do sth.”的结构。否定形式多为“动词 + sb. not to do sth” 常接动词不定式做宾补的动词有：ask, teach, encourage, tell, advise, want, would like, wish, invite, allow等。 She often encourages us to ask more questions. 她经常鼓励我们多问问题。 五. 作定语 动词不定式放在名词、代词后作定语，两者之间常有逻辑上的动宾关系，因此，如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，后面应该加上相应的介词。常接不定式作定语的名词有：time, need, way, chance, opportunity, courage, reason, effort, determination, decision ,ability, ambition 1. Can you give me a pen to write with?能给我一只用于书写的笔吗？ 2. Do you have something to say?你有什么要说的吗？ 六．作状语 动词不定式做状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，通常表示目的、原因、结果等。 1. 目的状语 动词不定式作目的状语，可放在句首或句末，译为“为了，目的是”。 He got up early to catch the first bus. 为了赶上第一辆公交车他起的很早。 2. 原因状语 动词不定式作原因状语时，常和某些形容词连用构成 “be+形容词+ to do”的形式。常见的形容词有：happy, glad, sorry, excited, surprised等。 We are glad to hear the news. 我们很开心听到这个消息。 3. 结果状语 动词不定式作结果状语时，常与enough或too连用，构成“adj.+ enough + to do sth” 或“too...to do...”的形式。 He is too young to go to school. 他年级太小不能上学。 He is strong enough to carry the heavy box. 他足够强壮能扛起那个沉重箱子。 七．疑问词+动词不定式 疑问词(what, which, when, where, how)与动词不定式连用，在句中作主语、表语和宾语。 Where to buy the book is my problem. (作主语) My question is when to start the meeting. (作表语) I don’t know how to deal with the problem. (作宾语) * 注意区别： I don’t know what to do. （what是疑问代词，可作及物动词do的宾语） I don’t know how to do it. (how 是疑问副词，不能做宾语） 不定式的特殊用法 ①使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，须省略to。此类动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)、五帮(help)。变为被动语态时，省略的to则要加上。 ②动词不定式的否定形式是not to do，其被动形式为to be done。 ►Our teacher asked us not to swim in the river alone. 我们老师要求我们不要独自一人在河里游泳。 ③常接＂疑问词+带to的不定式＂的动词有teach, show, tell, learn, find out, decide, know, forget等。 ►My mother taught me how to cook yesterday. 昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。 （二）be supposed to与be expected to的用法 一、语法概述 be supposed to意为“应该……”，相当于should；be expected to意为“应该……；被期望……”。两者都可用来表示根据规定或传统习惯应该做某事，两者中的to为不定式符号，后接动词原形。 二、be supposed to的用法 1.当主语是人时 be supposed to的主语是人时，意为“应该……”，用来表示劝告、建议、责任等。 Eg.We are supposed to share some housework with our parents when we have free time. 我们应在空闲时间帮父母分担些家务活。 2.当主语是事或物时 be supposed to的主语是事或物时，意为“本该；本应”，用于表示某事本应该发生而没有发生。 Eg.The meeting was supposed to take place on Tuesday, but we’ve had to put it off. 这个会议本应该在星期二举行，但我们不得不把它推迟了。 3.be supposed to do sth.的否定形式 be supposed to do sth.的否定形式为be not supposed to do sth.意为“不应该做某事”，表示命令或禁止。 Eg.In China, you are not supposed to start eating first if there are old people at the table. 在中国，如果餐桌上有老人，你就不应该先开始吃东西。 【拓展延伸】be supposed to have done表示“本应该做某事（实际上没做）”，相当于should have done。 Eg.He was supposed to have arrived an hour ago. 他本应该一小时之前到。 三、be expected to的用法 be expected to do sth. 意为“应该做某事”或“被期望做某事”，其表达的主观性比be supposed to do sth.更强。 Eg.You’re expected to clean the house. （我）希望你把房间打扫一下。 （三）It is +adj.+to do sth.的用法 一、It is +adj.+to do sth.的用法 It is +adj.+to do sth.意为“做某事是……的”，其中It为形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式（短语）。 Eg.It is hard to solve this problem. 解决这个问题很困难。形式主语 真正的主语 【拓展延伸】在该结构中，有时在to do sth.前加上for/of sb.，sb.是动词不定式（短语）的逻辑主语。其用法如下： It is+adj.+ for sb. to do sth.（对某人来说做某事是……的） of sb. to do sth.（做某事某人……） adj.描述的是人的性格、品质特征 这类形容词有kind, good, nice, polite等 adj.描述的是事物的特征 这类形容词有difficult, easy, important.dangerous等 【语境串记】It’s difficult for me to work out the physics problem, and it’s very kind of him to help me.对我来说，解出这道物理题太难了，他能帮我真是太好了。 基础训练 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1．If you want to lose weight, it’s necessary for you ________ fat, oil and sugar. A．avoid B．avoiding C．to avoid D．to be avoided 2．—Is it helpful ________ us ________ about some foreign customs? —Yes, it is. We should pay attention to them before we travel abroad. A．of; learning B．for; learning C．of; to learn D．for; to learn 3．He offered _________ us to the restaurant because it’s newly opened. A．take B．takes C．to take D．taking 4．He prefers ________ at home rather than ________ out. A．to stay; go B．staying; going C．to stay; going D．stay; go 5．Our job is ________ the children. A．look after B．looks after C．to look after D．looked after 6．Our task is ________ the lost child. A．finding B．found C．to find D．find 7．The Water World is a good place ________. A．visiting B．to visit C．visited D．to visiting 8．If you have no time ________ breakfast, drinking a glass of milk is a good choice. A．have B．having C．had D．to have 9．I am expected ________ my experience after winning the math competition. A．sharing B．share C．to share D．shared 10．—I saw Lucy go to Miss Zhang’s home just now. —Yes, she is often seen ________ Miss Zhang with her housework. A．help B．to help C．helps D．helping 11．As teenagers, we are not allowed ________ mobile phones into school so that we can focus on our schoolwork. A．bring B．to bring C．bringing D．brought 12．Tom was made ________ the classroom yesterday for breaking the class rules. A．clean B．cleaning C．to clean D．cleaned 13．I need some more actors ______________ in the film. A．acting B．to act C．to acting D．acted 14．My father told my grandfather _________ too much strong tea before sleep. A．to not drink B．to drink C．not to drink D．drink 15．— I’m not good at speaking English. What should I do, Larry? — I advise you ________ an English club. A．joins B．joined C．joining D．to join 16．________ healthy, you should do more exercise. A．Keep B．To keep C．Keeping D．To keeping 17．We have done what we could ________ the poor children in hospital. A．help B．to help C．helping D．helped 18．Mr Yang always explains the difficult points many times ____________ his students understand. A．to make B．make C．making D．makes 19．I am sorry__________ you__________ for me for a long time. A．to keep；wait B．to keep；waiting C．keep；wait D．keeping；waiting 20．Tom was surprised his old friend in the street. A．meet B．to meet C．meeting D．met 21．Let’s leave the problem until tomorrow. I’m ______ tired ______ think about it. A．too; to B．so; that C．enough; to D．such; too 22．She’s not strong enough _________ the big box. A．to carry B．carrying C．carry D．carried 23．At night, there are too many stars in the sky ________. A．count B．for counting C．to count D．to be counted 24．We don’t have enough paper______.Will you please go and buy some? A．to write B．write C．to write on D．writing 25．—We can use MSN to communicate with each other online. —Good! Will you please show me ________ it? A．what to use B．how to use C．when to use D．where to use 提升训练 1．（22-23九年级上·云南普洱·期末）It’s not easy for Julie ________ new friends at school because she is really shy. Let’s help her. A．to make B．making C．makes D．make 2．（23-24九年级上·四川泸州·期末）—What should we do at home when we have free time? —I think we are supposed ________ some housework with our parents. A．share B．sharing C．to share D．shared 3．（23-24九年级上·云南临沧·期末）Animals are our friends. We are supposed ________ them. A．protect B．protected C．to protect D．protecting 4．（22-23九年级上·上海嘉定·期末）In my opinion, one of the best ways to lose weight is ________ regularly. A．exercise B．to exercise C．exercised D．exercises 5．（22-23九年级上·黑龙江佳木斯·期末）—I don’t have a partner _________. —Maybe you should join a study group. A．to practice English B．to practice English with C．practicing English 6．（23-24九年级上·四川遂宁·期末）You’re expected ________ silent when you’re in the library. A．keeping B．to kept C．to keep D．to keeping 7．（23-24九年级上·四川达州·期末）—They don’t allow ________ in the room. —Yes, but we are allowed ________ outside it. A．smoking, smoking B．smoking, to smoke C．to smoke, smoking 8．（23-24九年级上·广西百色·期末）Look at those traffic signs! They warn people ________ after drinking. A．to drive B．not to drive C．don’t drive 9．（23-24九年级上·广西梧州·期末）My parents always encourage me ________ hard to enter a good university in the future. A．study B．to study C．studying 10．（23-24九年级上·福建泉州·期末）—What about playing skateboard? —My parents don’t allow me ________ that sport because they think it’s dangerous. A．do B．doing C．to do 11．（23-24九年级上·安徽淮南·期末）—We should do what we can ________ English well this term. —It’s high time for you to work hard. A．to study B．study C．be studied D．be studying 12．（22-23九年级上·江苏南通·期末）—What else do you think we should pay attention to ________ our environment? —Sorry. I have no idea. A．improving B．improve C．to improving D．to improve 13．（22-23九年级上·江苏盐城·期末）Kitty, these books are ________ heavy for you ________ carry. Let me help you. A．as…as B．too…to C．such…that D．so…that 14．（23-24九年级上·上海青浦·期末）The charity organization has made a promise ________ 5 million trees in this area by 2025. A．plant B．to plant C．planting D．planted 15．（22-23九年级上·湖北咸宁·期末）Boys and girls, attention, please! Now let me tell you _______ better in the exams. A．how to do B．what to do C．whether to do D．what to do it 16．（22-23九年级上·江苏淮安·期末）If I don’t know ________, I will write to Sigmund Friend for help. A．who to talk B．who to talk to C．who I should talk D．who should I talk to 17．（22-23九年级上·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·期末）You ________ to start eating first if there are older people at the table in China. A．are expected B．are not supposed C．supposed 18．（22-23九年级上·四川巴中·期末）China’s next generation rocket to carry humans _________ make its maiden flight (首飞) around 2027. A．are expected to B．is expected to C．expect to D．expecting to 19．（23-24九年级上·河北张家口·期末）—Do you know when Mr. Smith will come back? —I’m not sure, but he’s supposed ________ sometime next week. A．return B．returns C．to return D．returning 20．（23-24九年级上·江西景德镇·期末）We ________ know about their table manners before we visit foreign friends. A．are used to B．get used to C．are supposed to D．pay attention to $