专题12 关系代词+关系副词引导的限制性定语从句态【考点清单】-2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期末考点大串讲（人教版2019必修第一册+第二册）

专题12 关系代词+关系副词引导的限制性定语从句 关系代词+限制性定语从句串讲 1. 关系代词基本概念 在复合句中作定语的句子叫作定语从句，引导定语从句的关系词有两类：关系代词(who，whom，that，which，whose等)和关系副词(when，where，why)。定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词、代词或整个主句之后，被修饰或限制的名词或代词叫作先行词。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 2. 关系代词的用法 先行词 关系代词 在从句中所作成分 人 who 主语、宾语、表语 whom 宾语 that 主语、宾语、表语 whose 定语 物 that 主语、宾语、表语 which 主语、宾语 whose 定语 1．that 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于 which。不能引导非限制性定语从句；不可置于介词后作宾语。 Do you still remember the chicken farm that/which we visited three months ago? 2．which 指物；在定语从句中作主语、宾语。 The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.(主语) 在桌子上的那本书是我父亲买的。 3．who，whom，whose (1)who主格，在从句中作主语，只可指人。 Do you know the man who/that is talking with your mother? Those who want to see the film set down your names, please. This is the person who/whom/that you should thank for helping your son. (2)whom宾格，在从句中只能作宾语；只可指人。 Look, here are some people who/whom/that I want you to meet. (3)whose表所属关系，在从句中作定语。译为某人的，某物的。 I prefer the room whose windows face south.我喜欢那间窗户朝南的房间。 Any student whose family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government. [温馨提示] whose指物时，常用下列结构来代替： He volunteered to join in the activity whose aim is to help those who are in trouble. ＝He volunteered to join in the activity，the aim of which is to help those who are in trouble. ＝He volunteered to join in the activity，of which the aim is to help those who are in trouble. 他自愿参加那项活动，活动的目标是帮助那些陷入困境的人。 3. 关系代词的辨析 1）只能用that，不能用 which的情况 1．先行词是 all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词或先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰。 All the people that come from the country work much harder. 所有来自农村的人工作都更努力得多。 2．先行词被序数词、形容词最高级、the only，the very，the last等修饰时，关系代词通常只用that，不用 which。 The first English novel that I read was Cities. 我读的第一本英文小说是《城市》。 This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen. 这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。 This is the only thing that we can do now. 这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。 3．先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词只用that，不用 which。 The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. 我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。 The foreign visitors spoke highly of the pioneers and their performances that they saw at the Children's Palace. 外国游客高度赞扬了他们在少年宫所看到的少先队员以及他们的表演。 4．句中其他位置已出现 which，为避免重复，不用 which而用that引导限定性定语从句。 Which is the car that has overtaken us? 超过我们的是哪辆车？ ①这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。 This is the most beautiful park that I have visited. ②我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。 We often talk about the persons and things that we remember. ③我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。 I have found the very pen that I lost yesterday. 2)只用which，不能用that的情况 1．在介词提前到关系代词之前形成“介词＋关系代词”结构来修饰表事物的先行词时，关系代词必须用which。 Is this the house in which Shakespeare was born? 这是莎士比亚出生的房子吗？ This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking. 这是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。 2．先行词为“those＋表事物的复数名词”时，关系代词通常只用 which而不用that。 Students should keep in mind those regulations which restrict their behavior. 学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则。 A bookshop should deal with a variety of those best sellers which are newly published. 书店应该经营新出版的各种畅销书。 3．当先行词指物，关系词在句中作主语或宾语，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词只能用 which，而不用that。 ①The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop. ②Have you ever read the book, which was written by a young girl? 3)只用who/whom，不能用that的情况 先行词指人，关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，只能用whom引导，且不可省略。 This is the voluntary teacher from whom we’ve learned a lot.这就是我们从他那里学到了很多知识的支教老师。 4. 使用定语从句的注意事项 1．关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的人称和数保持一致。 Those who are over 45 years old won’t be permitted to go into the hall. 超过45岁的人不允许进入大厅。 [温馨提示] “one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；“the only one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。 This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens. 这是查尔斯·狄更斯所写的书的其中一本。 He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned to play golf. 他是我们班里唯一一个学过打高尔夫球的男孩。 2．为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。 This is the apartment which he bought last year.(bought后不可加it) 这就是他去年买的那所公寓。 Part two 关系副词+限制性定语从句串讲 关系副词在引导定语从句时, 其功能相当于介词短语, 在从句中作状语。引导定语从句的关系副词有when、where、why。 关系副词 先行词 功能 when 表时间的名词 时间状语 where 表地点的名词 地点状语 why 表原因的名词 原因状语 1．when引导的定语从句 (1)当先行词是表示时间的名词(如time，day，year，month，week等)且在从句中作时间状语时，定语从句要用when引导。 I still remember the time when I first became a college student.我仍然记得我初为大学生的那段时光。 (2)when可以转化成“介词＋which”的形式。 I have forgotten the exact date when (＝on which) this country became independent.我忘记这个国家独立的确切日期了。 (3)当先行词表示时间，且关系词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，不能用when，而要用关系代词that 或 which引导定语从句(作宾语时关系词可省略)。 I'll remember the days (which/that) I spent with you.我会记得和你度过的那些日子。 2．where引导的定语从句 (1)当先行词是表示地点的名词(如place，room，mountain等)且关系词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句要用where引导。 This is the hotel where (＝in which) they are staying.这就是他们住的旅馆。 (2)where可以转化成“介词＋which”的形式。 This is the hotel where (＝in which) they are staying.这就是他们住的旅馆。 (3)当先行词是表示地点的名词，且关系词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，用关系代词that或which引导定语从句(作宾语时关系词可省略)。 His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.他的父亲在一家生产收音机零件的工厂工作。 (4)如果先行词为表示抽象地点的名词(如case，state，condition，position，point，situation等)，且定语从句中成分完整时，用关系副词where引导。 We have reached a point where a change is needed.我们到了必须改一改的地步。 He gets into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。 It puts me in a position where I can't afford to take the job.这使我陷入一种不能接受此工作的境地。 3．why引导的定语从句 (1)当先行词是表示原因的名词reason，且关系词在从句中作原因状语时，定语从句要用why引导。 (2)可以用for which来代替why。 This is the reason why (＝for which) he leaves so soon.这就是他匆匆离去的原因。 [名师点津]　(1)有时为了表达得更清楚，可以在关系副词where/when前加上介词to，from等。 (2)对一些特殊的先行词如time，day，house，place，reason等要注意具体情况具体分析，作主语、宾语和表语可用that/which引导定语从句，作状语可用when/where/why等或“介词＋which”引导定语从句。 China is the birthplace of kites，from where kites spread to Japan，Korea，Thailand and India.中国是风筝的故乡，风筝从这里传到了日本、韩国、泰国和印度。 I'll never forget the days when we worked together.我永远不会忘记我们在一起工作的日子。(作状语) I'll never forget the days (which/that) we spent together last summer.我永远不会忘记我们去年夏天一起度过的日子。(作宾语) 即时检测--单句语法填空 1． The basketball team I am crazy for is doing very well in this season. 2．I still remember the day everything changed when a single phone call delivered the long-awaited news of my dream job offer. 2． This is the palace I found the lost wallet after searching for hours. 4．Eating junk food is one of the worst things a person can do to their health. 5．The materials are needed for the experiment have already been ordered. 6．The old lady daughter is an English teacher is our neighbor. 7．The picture she was looking at was beautiful. 8．He talked a lot about things and persons they remembered in the school. 9．I know it is really tough for you to complete this task on your own. Is there anything I can do for you? 10．I once read a story theme was amazingly inspiring. 11．You must have had some moments you were disappointed. If so, how did you deal with them? 12．He made a hole in the wall which he could get into the house. 13．The Spring Festival is an occasion Chinese people are reunited with family members. 14．The only thing we can do is to give him some money. 15．The tall white building roof is red stands out against the blue sky. 16． The house the capitalist used to live in is now a nursery. 17．I also found many live stream websites users can watch live performances of DJ and singers and some can even buy virtual gifts for the performers. 18．Do you know the reason she has changed her mind? 19．This is the only one of the students handwriting is the best. 20．You must show my wife the same respect you show me. 答案： 1.The basketball team I am crazy for is doing very well in this season. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我为之疯狂的篮球队在这个赛季表现很好。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，先行词basketball team是“篮球队”，因此空格处用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。 2．I still remember the day everything changed when a single phone call delivered the long-awaited news of my dream job offer. 【答案】when/on which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我仍然记得那一天，一切都改变了，一个电话传来了我梦寐以求的工作机会的消息。空处引导定语从句，先行词是day，关系词在从句中作时间状语，使用关系副词when引导；此处也可使用“介词+关系词”引导定语从句，指“在那一天”使用介词on，关系词在从句中作on的宾语，使用关系代词which，故填when/on which。 3． This is the palace I found the lost wallet after searching for hours. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是我找了几个小时才找到丢失钱包的地方。分析句子可知，此处为关系副词where引导的定语从句，先行词为the palace，在从句中作地点状语成分。故填where。 4．Eating junk food is one of the worst things a person can do to their health. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：吃垃圾食品是个人对健康所能做的最糟糕的事情之一。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词things，先行词为物，关系词在从句中作宾语，先行词前面有最高级worst修饰，应用关系代词that。故填that。 5．The materials are needed for the experiment have already been ordered. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：实验所需的材料已经被订购了。句子谓语是have already been ordered，空处引导限定性定语从句修饰主语The materials，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。 6．The old lady daughter is an English teacher is our neighbor. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：女儿是英语老师的那位老太太是我们的邻居。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为lady，作从句中daughter的定语，用关系代词whose引导从句。故填whose。 7．The picture she was looking at was beautiful. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她正在看的那幅画很漂亮。本句是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词是The picture，指物，且在从句中作宾语，所以可以用关系代词that或which来引导定语从句。故填 that/which。 8．He talked a lot about things and persons they remembered in the school. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他谈了很多他们在学校里记得的事情和人。空处引导定语从句，先行词是things and persons，既有人又有物，在这种情况下，只能用关系代词that来引导定语从句。故填that。 9．I know it is really tough for you to complete this task on your own. Is there anything I can do for you? 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我知道你一个人完成这项任务真的很难。有什么我能为你做的吗？分析句子可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为不定代词“anything”，指物，在从句中作宾语，故应用关系代词“that”引导从句。故填that。 10．I once read a story theme was amazingly inspiring. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我曾经读过一个故事，它的主题非常鼓舞人心。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为story，作从句中theme的定语，用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 11．You must have had some moments you were disappointed. If so, how did you deal with them? 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你一定有过失望的时候。如果有，你是如何处理的？定语从句修饰先行词moments，在从句作时间状语，故用when。故填when。 12．He made a hole in the wall which he could get into the house. 【答案】through 【详解】考查介词。句意：这个聪明的男孩在墙上挖了一个洞，通过这个洞他可以看到房子里发生的事情。“通过”译为through，空处是“介词+关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句，先行词是hole，指物，关系词which在从句中作介词through的宾语。故填through。 13．The Spring Festival is an occasion Chinese people are reunited with family members. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：春节是中国人民与家人团聚的时刻。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词an occasion，且在从句中作时间状语，所以应用关系副词when引导。故填when。 14．The only thing we can do is to give him some money. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们唯一能做的就是给他一些钱。空格处引导定语从句，先行词 thing在从句中作宾语，前面有The only修饰，只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。 15．The tall white building roof is red stands out against the blue sky. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那座屋顶是红色的白色高楼，在蓝天的映衬下显得格外醒目。空格处引导定语从句，先行词building，在从句中作定语，修饰后面的名词roof，用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 17． The house the capitalist used to live in is now a nursery. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：资本家过去住的房子现在是一个托儿所。空处需要填入关系代词引导定语从句修饰名词the house，在从句中作介词in的宾语，因此用that或者which。故填that/which。 17．I also found many live stream websites users can watch live performances of DJ and singers and some can even buy virtual gifts for the performers. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我还发现了很多直播网站，用户可以观看DJ和歌手的现场表演，有些甚至可以为表演者购买虚拟礼物。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是websites，表示地点，因此用关系副词where来引导，表示“在这些网站上”。故填where。 18．Do you know the reason she has changed her mind? 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你知道她改变主意的原因吗？空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词reason是原因，因此空格处用关系副词why，故填why。 19．This is the only one of the students handwriting is the best. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是唯一一个书写最好学生。one of后面为复数名词students，修饰students部分为定语从句，指代students，在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose，表示“谁的”。故填whose。 20．You must show my wife the same respect you show me. 【答案】as 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你必须给予我的妻子和给予我一样的尊重。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是respect，指物，且有the same修饰，应用关系代词as引导，在从句中作show的宾语。故填as。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$