清单01 单元词汇词块及主要语言点归纳【考点清单】-2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期末考点大串讲（上教版2020）（上海专用）

2024-2025学年高一上期末考点大串讲（上教版2020） 清单01 单元词汇短语及语言点归纳 上教版必修二 Unit 1 No limits 重点词汇 1. blame /bleɪm/ 1）vt. 指责; 把…归咎于 The commission is expected to blame the army for many of the atrocities. 该委员会预计会将大量暴行归咎于军队。 2）n. 责备 Nothing could relieve my terrible sense of blame. 没什么能把我从极度自责中解脱出来。 3) n. (事故、过失等的) 责任 I'm not going to sit around and take the blame for a mistake he made. 我不会闲坐着，为他犯的错误承担责任。 4). vt. 责怪 I do not blame them for trying to make some money. 我不怪他们想要挣些钱。 【固定搭配】 blame sb for sth. 因…而责备某人 sb. be to blame for sth. 某人对…负责 2. pressure /ˈprɛʃə/ 1).n 压力 She kicked at the door with her foot, and the pressure was enough to open it. 她用脚踢门，其产生的压力足以把门打开。 The pressure of his fingers had relaxed. 他手指的压力已经减弱了。 2)vt对…施加压力 He will never pressure you to get married. 他永远也不会给你施加压力让你结婚。 3. impress /ɪmˈprɛs/ 1). vt 使留下印象 It didn't impress me as a good place to live. 那地方没有给我留下适合居住的印象。 2) vt. 使钦佩 What impressed him most was their speed. 最令他钦佩的是他们的速度。 4. solution /səˈluːʃən/ n. 解决办法; 谜底 Although he has sought to find a peaceful solution, he is facing pressure to use greater military force. 虽然他已设法寻找一个和平的解决办法，但他正面临着使用更大军事力量的压力。 We invited readers who completed the puzzle to send in their solutions. 我们邀请解完谜的读者交出谜底。 5. independent /ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt/ adj. 无关联的; 相互独立的 Your questions should be independent of each other. 你们的问题应该是相互间毫无关联的。 【固定搭配】 be independent of sth. 【反义词】 be dependent on sth. （注意形容词后面的介词搭配） 6. adapt /əˈdæpt/ 1）.vt 使适应 The world will be different, and we will have to be prepared to adapt to the change. 这个世界将会不同，所以我们必须准备好适应变化。 2）.vt 改装 Shelves were built to adapt the library for use as an office. 做了个书架，以便将这个图书馆改作一个办公室用 7. reveal /rɪˈviːl/ v.揭示；显示；透露 1) vt. 透露; 显示 She has refused to reveal the whereabouts of her daughter. 她已拒绝透露她女儿的行踪。 A survey of the American diet has revealed that a growing number of people are overweight. 一项有关美国人日常饮食的调查表明越来越多的人超重。 2). vt 使显露; 揭露 In the principal room, a grey carpet was removed to reveal the original pine floor. 在主房间里，一块灰色的地毯被挪开了，使原有的松木地板露了出来。 8. responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbəl/ 1). adj. 负有责任的 He still felt responsible for her death. 他依然觉得对她的死负有责任。 2) adj. 向…汇报的 (通常和“to”进行搭配) I'm responsible to my board of directors. 我向我的董事会汇报。 9. reliable /rɪˈlaɪəbəl/ adj 可靠的 She was efficient and reliable. 她既能干又可靠。 10. extent /ɪkˈstɛnt/ 1). n 程度 The government itself has little information on the extent of industrial pollution. 政府本身对工业污染的程度知之甚少。 2). n. 长度; 广度; 范围 Industry representatives made it clear that their commitment was only to maintain the extent of forests, not their biodiversity. 业界代表们申明他们只承诺维持森林的规模而不是其生物多样性。 【固定搭配】 to a large extent 在很大程度上 to some extent 在某种程度上 11. conduct v.组织；安排；实施 动词读作kənˈdʌkt。名词读作ˈkɒndʌkt。 1). vt. 组织并实施 I decided to conduct an experiment. 我决定做一项实验。 2). vt. 指挥 (交响乐、合唱等) Dennis had recently begun a successful career conducting opera. 丹尼斯最近成功地开始了指挥歌剧的生涯。 Solti continued to conduct here and abroad. 佐尔蒂继续在国内外指挥。 3). vt 传导 (热、电) Water conducts heat faster than air. 水比空气导热快。 4）vt. 进行实施 Also up for discussion will be the conduct of free and fair elections. 还需讨论的是公平自由的选举如何进行。 5）n. 进行实施 Also up for discussion will be the conduct of free and fair elections. 还需讨论的是公平自由的选举如何进行。 6). n. (某人在某情形中的) 行为方式 For Europeans, the law is a statement of basic principles of civilized conduct. 对欧洲人来说，该法律是对基本文明行为原则的表述。 12. quit v.停止；戒掉 quit /kwɪt/ 1) vt 辞去 (工作); 辞职 He quit his job as an office boy. 他辞去了办公室勤杂员的工作。 2). vt. 停止 A nicotine spray can help smokers quit the habit. 一种尼古丁喷剂可以帮助吸烟者戒烟。 Quit acting like you didn't know. 别装得像你不知道似的。 Quit it! That hurts! 戒掉它吧！这东西害人！ 3).vt 彻底离开 Science fiction writers have long dreamed that humans might one day quit the earth to colonize other planets. 科幻小说作家们长期以来一直梦想着人类有一天可以离开地球移居到其它星球上。 13. charity /ˈtʃærɪtɪ/ n.慈善；赈济 1) n. 慈善机构 an AIDS charity. 一个艾滋病慈善机构。 2) n. 慈善 He made substantial donations to charity. 他做了大量的慈善捐赠。 Gooch will be raising money for charity. 古奇将为慈善筹集款项。 3) n. 救济金; 救济物 Her husband is unemployed and the family depends on charity. 她的丈夫失业了，全家靠救济度日。 14. account /əˈkaʊnt/ 1) n. 账户 Some banks make it difficult to open an account. 有些银行使开一个账户困难重重。 2). n 客户 All three Internet agencies boast they've won major accounts. 所有的三家网络代理公司都夸口说他们已赢得了大客户。 3). n. 账目 He kept detailed accounts. 他保存了详细的账目。 15. preserve /prɪˈzɜːv/ 1). vt 维护 We will do everything to preserve peace. 我们将竭尽全力维护和平。 preservation n. 维护 2). vt. 保护 We need to preserve the forest. 我们需要保护森林。 16. ambitious /æmˈbɪʃəs/ 1). adj 雄心勃勃的 Chris is so ambitious, so determined to do it all. 克里斯是如此雄心勃勃，如此坚决地要把它做完。 2). adj 宏大的 The ambitious project was completed in only nine months. 这个宏大的项目在仅仅9个月之内就完成了。 17. attempt /əˈtɛmpt/ 1)vt .试图 (尤指做困难的事) The only time that we attempted to do something like that was in the city of Philadelphia. 我们惟一一次试图做那样的事是在费城。 2). n 企图 a deliberate attempt to destabilize the defence. 蓄意削弱防御的企图。 【固定搭配】 attempt to do sth. 试图去做某事。 18. contain /kənˈteɪn/ 1）. vt 有…在里面 The envelope contained a Christmas card. 该信封里装有一张圣诞贺卡。 The first two floors of the building contain retail space and a restaurant. 该大楼最底下两层有零售空间和一家餐馆。 2). vt 含有 Watermelon contains vitamins and also potassium. 西瓜含有维生素也有钾。 3). vt 控制; 阻止 More than a hundred firemen are still trying to contain the fire at the plant. 一百多名消防队员仍在努力控制工厂火势。 重点词块 1. be likely to 可能做；可能成为 The tension between the two countries is likely to remain. 两国之间的紧张局面可能持续。 2. due to 由于；因为 The coast road is closed due to bad weather. 由于天气恶劣，滨海公路暂时封闭。 3. social media 社交媒体 Social media has become a platform for advertisements. 社交媒体已经成为做广告的一个平台。 4. ice sheet 冰原；冰盖 The satellite USES radar to measure its altitude above the ice sheet. 卫星用雷达测定卫星从冰层顶部算起的高度。 5. apart from 除……之外（都） I like all sports apart from football. 除足球外我喜欢所有的运动。 语言点精萃 【本单元主要语言知识点】 句式一 · 原句：The question is, why? Check out the latest studies and think about what you can do about it. · 中文翻译：问题是，为什么会这样呢？查看一下最新的研究，并思考一下对此你能做些什么。 · 句式解析：“The question is, why?” 是一个主系表结构的简单句，“why” 在这里相当于一个表语从句的省略形式，完整表达可以是 “The question is why teenagers take more risks than children and adults”，用于提出疑问。“Check out the latest studies and think about what you can do about it” 是两个并列的祈使句，其中 “think about what you can do about it” 包含一个宾语从句 “what you can do about it”，作 “think about” 的宾语，整个从句在句子中充当思考的内容。 句式二 · 原句：What has dopamine got to do with you? Well, some scientists believe that dopamine levels are sometimes lower in teenagers than they are in children. · 中文翻译：多巴胺和你有什么关系呢？嗯，一些科学家认为，青少年体内的多巴胺水平有时候比儿童体内的多巴胺水平要低。 · 句式解析：“What has dopamine got to do with you?” 是一个特殊疑问句，使用了 “have sth. to do with...” 这个常用结构，意思是 “与…… 有关系”，用来询问两者之间的关联。“some scientists believe that dopamine levels are sometimes lower in teenagers than they are in children” 是一个含有宾语从句的复合句，主句是 “some scientists believe”，表示 “一些科学家认为”，后面的 “that dopamine levels are sometimes lower in teenagers than they are in children” 是宾语从句，作 “believe” 的宾语，在这个宾语从句中又使用了比较结构 “lower...than...”，用于比较青少年和儿童体内多巴胺水平的高低情况。 句式三 · 原句：The teenager didn’t plan to take a risk: it just “happened”. A few years ago, scientists made a surprising discovery: the teenage brain goes through many physical changes, and some parts of it develop later than others. · 中文翻译：青少年并没有计划去冒险，它（冒险行为）就是那样 “发生” 了。几年前，科学家们有了一个惊人的发现：青少年的大脑会经历许多生理变化，而且它（大脑）的某些部分比其他部分发育得更晚。 · 句式解析：这部分整体是由两个句子组成，每个句子中又有各自的结构特点。第一个句子 “The teenager didn’t plan to take a risk: it just “happened”” 中，“The teenager didn’t plan to take a risk” 是一个简单句，主谓宾结构，表明青少年原本的状态，后面的 “it just “happened”” 对前面冒险行为的发生情况做了补充说明，二者用冒号连接，起到解释说明的作用。第二个句子 “A few years ago, scientists made a surprising discovery: the teenage brain goes through many physical changes, and some parts of it develop later than others” 中，“A few years ago” 是时间状语，表明时间背景，“scientists made a surprising discovery” 是主谓宾结构的主句，“the teenage brain goes through many physical changes, and some parts of it develop later than others” 是对 “discovery” 内容的具体阐述，是一个并列句，由 “and” 连接两个简单句，共同说明青少年大脑的发育情况。 句式四 · 原句：Even teenagers who are not usually big risk-takers may suddenly do something dangerous because they want to show off or fit in. · 中文翻译：即使是那些平时不太爱冒险的青少年，也可能会突然做出危险的举动，因为他们想要炫耀或者融入（群体）。 · 句式解析：这是一个含有原因状语从句的复合句。“Even teenagers who are not usually big risk-takers may suddenly do something dangerous” 是主句部分，其中 “Even teenagers” 是主语，“who are not usually big risk-takers” 是一个定语从句，用来修饰先行词 “teenagers”，限定是哪些青少年，“may suddenly do something dangerous” 是谓语部分，表示这些青少年可能做出的行为；“because they want to show off or fit in” 是原因状语从句，说明青少年做出危险举动的原因，整个句子通过原因状语从句解释了主句中行为发生的缘由。 句式五 · 原句：And if you’re around 17, stop worrying, because your brain has reached the point where you can more easily make wise decisions. · 中文翻译：而且如果你大约 17 岁了，那就别担心了，因为你的大脑已经到了一个阶段，在这个阶段你能更容易地做出明智的决定。 · 句式解析：这是一个含有条件状语从句和原因状语从句以及定语从句的复合句。“if you’re around 17” 是条件状语从句，提出假设的条件；“stop worrying” 是主句中的祈使句，表达建议的行为；“because your brain has reached the point where you can more easily make wise decisions” 是原因状语从句，解释为什么给出 “stop worrying” 这个建议，在这个原因状语从句中，“where you can more easily make wise decisions” 是一个定语从句，修饰先行词 “point”，用于说明是怎样的一个 “阶段”，整体句子结构层次较多，逻辑上先是给出条件，再基于原因给出相应的建议。 上教版必修二 Unit 2 Roads to education 重点词汇 1. previous /ˈpriːvɪəs/ adj.先前的；以往的 She has a teenage daughter from a previous marriage. 她有个出自前一次婚姻的十几岁的女儿。 It was a surprisingly dry day after the rain of the previous week. 这是继前一周的降雨之后出奇干燥的一天。 2. effect /ɪˈfɛkt/ n.效应；影响；结果 1）n. 影响 Parents worry about the effect of music on their adolescent's behaviour. 家长们担心音乐对于其青少年子女行为的影响。 2) n. 印象 The whole effect is cool, light, and airy. 整体印象是凉爽、明亮和通风。 3）n. 个人财物 His daughters were collecting his effects. 他的女儿们正在收集他的个人物品。 4) n. 特殊效果 It's got a gripping story, great acting, superb sets, and stunning effects. 电影有扣人心弦的故事情节、精湛的表演、绝妙的布景和惊人的特效。 5) vt 实现 Prospects for effecting real political change seemed to have taken a major step backwards. 实现真正政治变革的前景似乎暗淡了许多。 3. propose /prəˈpəʊz/ v.提议；建议 1) vt 建议 Hamilton proposed a change in the traditional debating format. 汉密尔顿建议对传统的辩论形式作一个改变。 2) vt 打算 It's still far from clear what action the government proposes to take over the affair. 尚不清楚政府打算采取什么行动接手这件事。 3) vt. 提出; 提名 He has proposed a resolution limiting the role of U.S. troops. 他提出了一项限制美军作用的决议。 4) vt/vi 求婚 He proposed to his girlfriend over a public-address system. 他在有线广播系统上向女友求婚。 4. eager /ˈeɪɡə/ adj.热切的；渴望的；渴求的 1) adj 渴望的 Robert was eager to talk about life in the Army. 罗伯特渴望谈论军旅生活。 When my own son was five years old, I became eager for another baby. 当我儿子５岁的时候，我开始渴望要另一个宝宝。 2) adj热切的 Arty sneered at the crowd of eager faces around him. 阿蒂对周围满脸热切的人们报以冷笑。 5. update / ʌpˈdeɪt /v.更新 / ˈʌpdeɪt / n。更新信息 1) vt 更新 He was back in the office, updating the work schedule on the computer. 他回到办公室，在计算机上更新了工作日程。 Airlines would prefer to update rather than retrain crews. 航空公司宁愿增添新机组人员而不愿对老的机组人员进行再培训。 2) n 最新消息; 快讯 She had heard the newsflash on a TV channel's news update. 她在电视频道的新闻快讯里听到了这条简短报道。 3) vt. 给…提供最新信息 We'll update you on the day's top news stories. 我们将向你提供当天的头条新闻。 6. motivate /ˈməʊtɪˌveɪt/ v.激励；激发; 激发…的积极性 They are motivated by a need to achieve. 他们被成功的需要激励着。 How do you motivate people to work hard and efficiently? 你是如何激励人们努力而高效地工作的？ 【固定搭配】 motivate sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事 7. recognize /ˈrɛkəɡˌnaɪz/ 1） vt. 认出 The receptionist recognized him at once. 那名接待员马上认出了他。 2）vt. 承认 I recognize my own shortcomings. 我承认我自己的那些缺点。 3) vt.承认; 赞成 Many doctors recognize homeopathy as a legitimate form of medicine. 许多医生承认顺势疗法是一种合理的医疗形式。 France is on the point of recognizing the independence of the Baltic States. 法国即将承认波罗的海各国的独立。 8. supply /səˈplaɪ/ 1) vt . 供应 an agreement not to produce or supply chemical weapons 一份不生产或不供应化学武器的协议 2) n 补给品 What happens when food and petrol supplies run low? 食物和汽油这些补给品减少时会发生什么情况呢？ 3）n. 供应 be in short supply 供应不足 Food is in short supply all over the country. 食品在全国各地都供应不足。 9. devoted /dɪˈvəʊtɪd/ adj.挚爱的；忠诚的；全心全意的 1) adj 专用于…的(常和“to”形成固定搭配) A large part of the Internet is now devoted to weblogs. 因特网的很大一部分如今都专用于网络博客。 2)挚爱的 a loving and devoted husband. 一个忠爱的丈夫。 3）热衷于…的（常和“to”形成固定搭配） I have personally been devoted to this cause for many years. 我个人多年来一直热衷于这项事业。 10. concentration /ˌkɒnsənˈtreɪʃən/ n.专心；专注 1)n. 专注 Neal kept interrupting, breaking my concentration. 尼尔不断打扰，打断我的注意力。 2) n. 集中 The area has one of the world's greatest concentrations of wildlife. 该地区有世界上野生生物最集中的区域之一。 3) n . 浓度 pH is a measure of the concentration of free hydrogen atoms in a solution. pH值是溶液中游离氢原子浓度的计量单位。 【拓展】 concentrate /ˈkɒnsənˌtreɪt/ 1) vt/vi 集中 (心思); 专心 It was up to him to concentrate on his studies and make something of himself. 他能否专心学习并有所成就取决于他自己。 At work you need to be able to concentrate. 工作时你要能专心。 2) vt 集中 (通常用被动结构) Italy's industrial districts are concentrated in its north-central and northeastern regions. 意大利的工业区集中在该国中北部和东北部地区。 11. promote /prəˈməʊt/ v.促进；推动 ( promoting, promoted, promotes ) 1）vt. 促进 You don't have to sacrifice environmental protection to promote economic growth. 你们没有必要牺牲环保来促进经济增长。 2) vt 促销 a tour to promote his second solo album. 一场促销他第二张个人专辑的巡回演出。 3) vt 提拔/晋升 I was promoted to editor and then editorial director. 我晋升为编辑，之后又晋升为编辑部主任。 12. cooperation /kəʊˈɒpəˌreɪt/ n.合作；协作 【拓展】 cooperate 1）v 合作 The U.N. had been cooperating with the State Department on a plan to find countries willing to take the refugees. 联合国和美国国务院合作，制定计划来寻找愿意接纳难民的国家。 2）vi配合 （常和“with”一起形成固定搭配） He agreed to cooperate with the police investigation. 他同意配合警方调查。 13. mental /ˈmɛntəl/ adj.思想的；精神的；思考的；智力的；心理上的 The intellectual environment has a significant influence on the mental development of the children. 知识环境对孩子智力的发展有着重大的影响。 The mental state that had created her psychosis was no longer present. 导致她精神错乱的那种心理状态已经不见了。 mentally ADV 智力地 I think you are mentally tired. 我觉得你的头脑累了。 14. academic /ˌækəˈdɛmɪk/ adj.学业的 1）adj. 学术上的 Their academic standards are high. 他们的学术水平很高。 2) academically ADV 学术上地 He is academically gifted. 他在学术方面有天份。 【短语】 academic research 学术研究 academic circles 学术界 academic year 学年 academic achievement 学业成就；学业成绩 academic performance 学习成绩；学业表现；学术成就 15. aware /əˈwɛə/ adj.知道；意识到；明白 1)意识到…的 (常用be aware of…的搭配) Smokers are well aware of the dangers to their own health. 吸烟者们都很清楚吸烟对其自身健康的那些危害。 He should have been aware of what his junior officers were doing. 他本该意识到自己部下在做什么。 2）awareness n. 意识 The 1980s brought an awareness of green issues. 20世纪80年代有了环保意识。 3). adj . 感受到…的 (常用be aware of…的搭配)例： She was acutely aware of the noise of the city. 她敏锐地感受到了城市的噪音。 16. addicted /əˈdɪktɪd/ adj.入迷的； 上瘾的 1) (吸食毒品) 成瘾的 Many of the women are addicted to heroin and cocaine. 这些妇女中的很多吸食海洛因和可卡因成瘾。 2) adj 入迷的 She had become addicted to golf. 她已经对高尔夫球入迷了。 【固定搭配】 be addicted to… 对…着迷/上瘾 17. identity /aɪˈdɛntɪtɪ/ n.特征 Abu is not his real name, but it's one he uses to disguise his identity. 阿布不是他的真名，而是一个他用来掩盖自己身份的假名。 ID 即identity card 身份证 18. signal /ˈsɪɡnəl/ v.标志；表明；预示 1）n. 信号 They fired three distress signals. 他们发射了3次遇难求救信号。 As soon as it was dark, Mrs. Evans gave the signal. 天一黑，埃文斯夫人就发出了那个信号。 Kurdish leaders saw the visit as an important signal of support. 库尔德领导人把这次访问看作是表示支持的重要信号。 2）vt (打手势或发声音) 向…示意; 发信号 Mandy started after him, signalling to Jesse to follow. 曼迪开始追赶他，示意杰西跟上。 She signalled to Ted that she was moving forward. 她向特德示意她要向前走。 3) vt. 表示 He seemed to be signalling important shifts in U.S. government policy. 他似乎在表示美国政府的政策将会有些重大变化。 19. summarize /ˈsʌməˌraɪz/ v.总结；概括 Table 3.1 summarizes the information given above. 表3.1总结了以上所给信息。 Basically, the article can be summarized in three sentences. 基本上，这篇文章可用3句话概括。 20. master /ˈmɑːstə/ 1) n主人 My master ordered me not to deliver the message except in private. 主人命令我不能传送信息，除非在私下里。 2) n 专家 She was a master of the English language. 她曾是一名英语语言专家。 3) adj 精通的 a master craftsman. 一名手艺高超的工匠。 4）vt. 掌握；掌控 Duff soon mastered the skills of radio production. 达夫很快掌握了广播节目制作的技能。 When you have mastered one situation you have to go on to the next. 当你掌控了一种局面，你不得不继续下一个。 21. cure /kjʊə/ n.药；药物；疗法 1）vt. 治愈 (疾病、损伤) An operation finally cured his shin injury. 手术最终治愈了他的胫骨损伤。 2）vt 治愈 (病人) It is an effective treatment and could cure all the leprosy sufferers worldwide. 那是一种有效的疗法，可以治愈全世界的麻疯病患者。 Almost overnight I was cured. 几乎在一夜之间我被治愈了。 3) vt 解决 Private firms are willing to make large scale investments to help cure Russia's economic troubles. 私有公司愿意进行大规模投资来帮助解决俄罗斯的经济困难。 22. tight /taɪt/ adj.严密的；严格的 1) adj 紧的；紧贴的 She walked off the plane in a miniskirt and tight top. 她穿着迷你裙和紧身上衣走下飞机。 She just fell into my arms, clutching me tight for a moment. 她就倒在了我的怀里，一时间紧紧地抓着我。 2）tightly ADV 紧贴地 He buttoned his collar tightly round his thick neck. 他把衣领紧紧地扣在自己的粗脖子上。 Just hold tight to my hand and follow along. 只要紧紧地抓住我的手，跟着我。 23. pursue /pəˈsjuː/ v.追求，致力于 1）vt执行; 贯彻 He said Japan would continue to pursue the policies laid down at the London summit. 他说日本将继续贯彻伦敦峰会上确定的方针。 2) vt 追求; 努力实现 He will pursue a trade policy that protects American workers. 他将努力实行保护美国工人的贸易政策。 3) vt 追问 If your original request is denied, don't be afraid to pursue the matter. 如果你最初的要求被拒绝了，不要害怕去追问这件事情。 4) vt 追赶 She pursued the man who had stolen a woman's bag. 她追赶那个偷了一女士钱包的男子。 重点词块 【短语】 rock bank 摇滚乐队 in charge of 主管；照管；管理 He is in charge of the work. 这项工作由他抓。 sum up 总结；概括 To sum up, the plan falls into seven categories. 该项计划综计有七个方面。 fade away （人）衰弱；病重死亡 As you sink into this new activity, the pain and frustration will gradually fade away. 当你沉迷于新的活动时，痛苦和挫折感将会慢慢消失掉。 语言点精萃 【本单元主要语言知识点】 句式一 The farm has been converted into （convert… into 使转变；把…转化成）a school for one class of difficult students. · 解析：这是一个现在完成时的被动语态句式，结构为“have/has been + 过去分词”，强调动作的承受者“the farm”，表示农场被转变这一动作已经完成，“into a school for one class of difficult students”说明了转变后的具体用途，即变成了一所针对一班难管教学生的学校。 · 翻译：这个农场已经被改造成了一所针对一班难管教学生的学校。 句式二 The class is a group of 16 boys and girls, aged 13 and 14, who have all been expelled from(be expelled from…被开除;expelled是expel的过去分词) schools at least once. · 解析：整体是一个主系表结构的句子，“aged 13 and 14”是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰“16 boys and girls”，说明这些学生的年龄情况；“who have all been expelled from schools at least once”是一个定语从句，先行词是“16 boys and girls”，用来进一步对这些学生的经历进行补充说明，即他们都至少被学校开除过一次。 · 翻译：这个班级是由16名年龄在13到14岁的男孩和女孩组成的群体，他们都至少被学校开除过一次。 句式三 Before working in education, Mr. Beadle played in a rock band. · 解析：这是一个含有时间状语的句子，“Before working in education”是时间状语，表明在从事教育工作之前这一时间范畴，句子主体部分“Mr. Beadle played in a rock band”是主谓结构，说明比德尔先生之前在摇滚乐队的活动情况。 · 翻译：在从事教育工作之前，比德尔先生在一个摇滚乐队里演奏。 句式四 He started by playing a game, where he and the students pointed at each other and said something funny about the other person. · 解析：句子的主干是“He started by playing a game”，表明他以玩游戏的方式开始；“where he and the students pointed at each other and said something funny about the other person”是一个非限定性定语从句，对先行词“game”进行补充说明，描述游戏的具体玩法。 · 翻译：他以玩一个游戏开始，在这个游戏里，他和学生们互相指着对方，然后说一些关于对方的有趣的事儿。 句式五 If, like me, you are amazed by this experiment in education, you’ll want to watch the whole series. · 解析：这是一个含有条件状语从句的复合句，“If, like me, you are amazed by this experiment in education”是条件状语从句，其中“like me”是插入语，补充说明情况类似“我”，整个条件状语从句表示假设的前提情况；“you’ll want to watch the whole series”是主句，用一般将来时，说明在前面假设条件成立的情况下将会出现的结果。 · 翻译：如果像我一样，你对这个教育实验感到惊讶，那你就会想要观看整个系列节目。 上教版必修二 Unit 3 Progress 重点词汇 1. alarming /əˈlɑːmɪŋ/ adj.使人惊恐的；令人惊慌的 The disease has spread at an alarming rate. 这种疾病已经以惊人的速度传播开来。 【拓展】 alarmingly adv 令人惊恐地 the alarmingly high rate of heart disease. 高得惊人的心脏病发病率。 2. rate /reɪt/ n.速度；进度 1). n. 比率 a rate of 70 miles an hour 2). n速度; 速度 The rate at which hair grows can be agonizingly slow. 头发生长的速度可以慢得令人苦恼。 3). n. 频率 New diet books appear at a rate of nearly one a week. 饮食方面的新书以几乎每周一本的频率出版。 4). n价格 A special weekend rate is available from mid-November. 周末特价从11月中旬就有了。 5) 评价; 被评价 Of all the men in the survey, they rate themselves the least fun-loving and the most responsible. 在所有参与调查的人中，他们认为自己是最不喜欢玩乐而最负责任的人。 Most rated it a hit. 大部分人认为那是一次辉煌的成功。 We rate him as one of the best. 我们认为他是最优秀者之一。 6). vi 被评定为; 被看作 He is generally rated the country's No. 3 industrialist. 他被大家普遍看成该国的第3大实业家。 3. predict /prɪˈdɪkt/ v.预言；预告；预报 The latest opinion polls are predicting a very close contest. 最新的民意测验预言将是一场势均力敌的竞赛。 He predicted that my hair would grow back "in no time." 他预言我的头发会“马上”再长出来。 4. figure n. /ˈfɪɡə/ （代表数量，尤指官方资料中的）数字 1) n数字 It would be very nice if we had a true figure of how many people in this country haven't got a job. 要是我们有一个确切的数字反映这个国家到底有多少人没有工作就好了。 2). 人像 a life-size bronze figure of a brooding, hooded woman. 一个真人大小、戴着头巾、正在沉思的女铜像。 3). n. 身材 Take pride in your health and your figure. 为你的健康和身材感到骄傲。 4). n 重要人物 The movement is supported by key figures in the three main political parties. 这场运动由3个主要政党的重要人物支持。 5). n 图表 If you look at a world map (see Figure 1) you can identify the major wine-producing regions. 如果你看看世界地图（见图1），你就能辨认出主要的葡萄酒生产地区。 6). vt 想 She figured that both she and Ned had learned a lot from the experience. 她想她和内德都从这次经历中学到了很多。 【拓展】 figure out 认出；分辨出 5. significant /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/ adj 1）. 重大的; 显著的 Most 11-year-olds are not encouraged to develop reading skills; a small but significant number are illiterate. 大多数11岁的儿童没有被鼓励去培养阅读技能。有为数不多、但足以引起人们注意的数目的儿童是文盲。 2). 重要的; 说明问题的 I think it was significant that he never knew his own father. 我想他从不了解自己的父亲这一点就很说明问题。 6. unfamiliar /ˌʌnfəˈmɪljə/ adj.陌生的；不熟悉的 1). 不太了解的 She grew many wonderful plants that were unfamiliar to me. 她种了很多我从未见过的奇异植物。 2). 对…不熟悉的 (通常和with形成固定搭配) She speaks no Japanese and is unfamiliar with Japanese culture. 她不说日语并且不熟悉日本文化。 7. threaten /ˈθrɛtən/ v.危及；对……构成威胁 1). vt 威胁 He said army officers had threatened to destroy the town. 他说军官们已威胁要摧毁这座小镇。 2). vt (坏事) 可能发生 It's threatening to rain. 天可能要下雨。 The fighting is threatening to turn into full-scale war. 这次冲突可能要演变成全面战争。 8. extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/ n.灭绝，绝种 1). n. (物种的) 灭绝 An operation is beginning to try to save a species of crocodile from extinction. 一项行动正在展开来拯救一个鳄鱼种类使其免遭灭绝。 2). n. (生活方式、活动的) 消亡 The loggers say their jobs are faced with extinction because of declining timber sales. 樵夫们说他们的工作因不断下降的木材销售而面临消亡。 9. contrast v. 名词读作ˈkɒntræst。动词读作kənˈtrɑːst。 对比；对照 1). n差别 the contrast between town and country. 城乡差别。 The two visitors provided a startling contrast in appearance. 两位来访者的外貌有惊人的不同。 2). 常用于下列短语：by contrast / in contras/ in contrast to something 相比之下 The private sector, by contrast, has plenty of money to spend. 私营部门相比之下有很多钱可花。 In contrast, the lives of girls in well-to-do families were often very sheltered. 相比之下，富裕家庭的女孩子们通常都过着养尊处优的生活。 3）vt 对比 (事物以指出不同点) She contrasted the situation then with the present crisis. 她把过去的情况与现在的危机进行了对比。 4）. vt 与…形成对比 Johnson's easy charm contrasted sharply with the prickliness of his boss. 约翰的随和与他老板的挑剔形成了鲜明的对比。 10. imply v.暗示；暗指 imply /ɪmˈplaɪ/ 1）. vt 暗指 "Are you implying that I have something to do with those attacks?" she asked coldly. “你在暗指我和那些袭击有关吗？”她冷冷地问道。 2）. vt 意味着 Exports in June rose 1.5%, implying that the economy was stronger than many investors had realized. 6月份的出口额增加了1.5%，这意味着经济比许多投资者所了解的要强劲。 22. available /əˈveɪləbəl/ adj.可获得的；可购得的；可找到的 Since 1978, the amount of money available to buy books has fallen by 17%. 自1978年以来，可供买书的钱已减少了17%。 The shop has about 500 autographed copies of the book available for purchase. 这家书店有大约500本该书的签名版本可供购买。 23. option /ˈɒpʃən/ n.选择；可选择的事物 1). n 供选择的东西 He's argued from the start that the US and its allies are putting too much emphasis on the military option. 他从一开始就争论说美国及其盟国过于看重军事这个选项。 2). n. 选择权 Criminals are given the option of going to jail or facing public humiliation. 罪犯们被给予进监狱或面对公众羞辱的选择权。 11. reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ v.减少，缩小（尺寸、数量、价格等） 1). vt 使变小 It reduces the risks of heart disease. 它减小了犯心脏病的危险。 2). vt使陷入（be reduced to sth.） They were reduced to extreme poverty. 他们沦落到极度贫困的地步。 3). vt 迫使 （be reduced to doing ） He was reduced to begging for a living. 他不得不以乞讨为生。 4). vt 使变成; 使简化为 All the buildings in the town have been reduced to rubble. 镇上所有的建筑都变成了瓦砾。 5). vt/vi 使变稠; 收汁 Boil the liquid in a small saucepan to reduce it by half. 在小炖锅中煮沸汤汁使其收到一半的量。 12. concerned /kənˈsɜːnd/ adj.感兴趣的；关切的；关注的 Academics and employers are concerned that students are not sufficiently prepared for college courses. 学术界和用人单位都担心学生们对大学课程没有做好足够准备。 【拓展】 be concerned to do sth. 想做某事 We are deeply concerned to get out of this problematic situation. 我们非常想摆脱这种问题重重的局面。 13. fund /fʌnd/ v.为……提供资金；拨款给 1）. n (尤指为特定目的而给予某组织的) 资金 The concert will raise funds for research into AIDS. 这场音乐会将为艾滋病研究筹集资金。 a scholarship fund for undergraduate engineering students. 一笔用于工程学本科生的奖学金专项资金。 2) vt. 资助 The airport is being privately funded by a construction group. 该机场正由一建筑集团私家资助。 14. process /ˈprəʊsɛs/ 动词义项 process读作prəˈsɛs。 1）. n 过程; 进程 There was total agreement to start the peace process as soon as possible. 全体同意尽快启动和平进程。 They decided to spread the building process over three years. 他们决定在三年内分期完成该建造过程。 It occurs in elderly men, apparently as part of the aging process. 作为衰老进程的一部分，它明显发生在老年男性身上。 2). vt. 加工 The material will be processed into plastic pellets. 该原料将被加工成塑料颗粒。 N-COUNT Process is also a noun. 过程 3).vt 处理 facilities to process the data, and the right to publish the results. 处理数据的设备和公布结果的权利。 15. contact /ˈkɒntækt/ v.联系，联结; n. 联系，联结 1). n 往来 (常和with/between联合使用) Opposition leaders are denying any contact with the government in Kabul. 反对党领袖们在否认同喀布尔政府有任何往来。 2）. n 接触 They compared how these organisms behaved when left in contact with different materials. 他们比较了这些有机物在接触不同材料时如何表现。 The cry occurs when air is brought into contact with the baby's larynx. 当空气接触到婴儿的喉咙时，哭声就会响起。 3). adj联络用的 * You must leave your full name and contact details when you phone. 你打电话时必须留下自己的完整姓名及用于联络的详细资料。 be in contact with someone 与…有联络 例： He was in direct contact with the kidnappers. 他与绑匪有直接联络。 make contact with someone（与某人）联系 例： How did you make contact with the author? 你怎么跟这位作者联系的？ lose contact with someone （与某人）失去联系 Though they all live nearby, I lost contact with them really quickly. 虽然他们都住在附近，我真地很快就与他们失去了联系。 4). vt 联系 Contact the Women's Alliance for further details. 请联系妇女联合会获取详情。 16. advertise /ˈædvətaɪz/ v.做广告；登广告 1). vt/vi 为…做广告; 做广告 The company is spending heavily to advertise its strongest brands. 该公司在花重金为其最强势的品牌做广告。 In 1991, the house was advertised for sale at $49,000. 在1991年，这所房子登出以4.9万美元出售的广告。 2). vi 登广告 (寻求职员、合住者等) We advertised for staff in a local newspaper. 我们在一份地方报纸上登了广告招聘员工。 3). vt 宣传 There is no need to advertise the fact that you are a single woman. 没必要宣传你是个单身女性这一事实。 17. faithful /ˈfeɪθfʊl/ adj.忠实地；忠诚地 She had been faithful to her promise to guard this secret. 她一直信守诺言保守着这个秘密。 【固定搭配】 be faithful to… 对…忠诚 18. official /əˈfɪʃəl/ adj.正式的；官方的；官方授权的 1). 官方的; 正式的 According to the official figures, over one thousand people died during the revolution. 根据官方数字，有一千多人在革命中丧命。 An official announcement is expected in the next few days. 一份官方声明预计会在接下来的几天内发表。 2). 副词形式是officially 正式地 The election results have still not been officially announced. 选举结果仍未正式宣布。 3）. adj 公务的 The president is in Brazil for an official two-day visit. 总统正在巴西进行为期两天的正式访问。 4) . adj 官员的 official residence of the head of state. 家元首的官邸。 5). adj 对外宣称的 They realized that the official explanation left facts unexplained. 他们意识到那个对外宣称的解释没有对事实做出解释。 6) n. 官员 A senior UN official hopes to visit Baghdad this month. 联合国一位高级官员希望本月访问巴格达。 7). n 裁判 Officials suspended the game because of safety concerns. 出于安全考虑，裁判暂停了那场比赛。 19. fluent /ˈfluːənt/ adj.（尤指外语）流利的，流畅的；熟练的 1). 流利的 She studied eight foreign languages but is fluent in only six of them. 她学了8种外语，但流利的只有其中的6种。 2) adj. 流畅的 He had emerged from being a hesitant and unsure candidate into a fluent debater. 他从一个吞吞吐吐、毫不自信的候选人成长为一位流畅的辩手。 20. exchange /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/ v.交换；交流 n. 交换；交流 1). vt 交换 We exchanged addresses. 我们交换了地址。 The two men exchanged glances. 那两个人交换了眼神。 2). n 交换 He ruled out any exchange of prisoners with the militants. 他拒绝考虑与好战分子交换囚犯。 3).n 交流 a series of sporting and cultural exchanges with Seoul. 与首尔的一系列体育和文化交流。 重点词块 【短语】 1. spring roll 春卷 2. silicon chip 硅片 3. solar-power battery 太阳能电池 4. look forward to 盼望；期待 I'm so glad you join us today and we look forward to seeing you again at the next Inner Core. 感谢大家参与我们的讲座,我们下次见。 5. mother tongue 母语 语言点精萃 【本单元主要语言知识点】 句式一 If you said “hello” to a different person every second, it would take you 222 years to greet everyone on the planet. · 解析：这是一个含有条件状语从句的虚拟语气句式。在条件状语从句 “If you said ‘hello’ to a different person every second” 中，使用了一般过去时表示与现在事实不符的假设情况；主句 “it would take you 222 years to greet everyone on the planet” 使用 “would + 动词原形” 的结构，表达在这种假设条件下相应的结果，其中 “it” 是形式主语，真正的主语是 “to greet everyone on the planet”。 · 翻译：如果你每秒和一个不同的人打招呼，那要花你 222 年的时间才能和地球上的每个人都打过招呼。 句式二 For more than two million years, humans moved around, finding plants to eat and hunting animals for meat. · 解析：这是一个简单句，“For more than two million years” 是时间状语，表明时间跨度；句子主体 “humans moved around” 是主谓结构，表示人类四处迁徙这一动作；“finding plants to eat and hunting animals for meat” 是现在分词短语作伴随状语，描述人类在四处迁徙过程中同时进行的行为，即寻找可食用的植物以及捕猎动物获取肉食。 · 翻译：在两百多万年的时间里，人类四处迁徙，寻找可食用的植物并捕猎动物获取肉食。 句式三 Experts believe that about 6% of all the humans that have ever lived are alive right now. · 解析：这是一个含有宾语从句的复合句。主句 “Experts believe” 是主谓结构，表达专家们的看法这一动作；“that about 6% of all the humans that have ever lived are alive right now” 是宾语从句，作 “believe” 的宾语，在这个宾语从句中，又包含了一个定语从句 “that have ever lived”，先行词是 “all the humans”，用来限定说明是曾经存在过的所有人类中的情况，整个宾语从句表示专家所相信的具体内容，即曾经生活过的人类中大约 6% 的人现在还活着。 · 翻译：专家们认为，曾经生活过的人类中大约 6% 的人现在还活着。 句式四 Although we are on different continents, we are to a large extent starting to live the same lives. · 解析：这是一个含有让步状语从句的复合句。“Although we are on different continents” 是让步状语从句，表明尽管存在的情况，即尽管我们处在不同的大陆；“we are to a large extent starting to live the same lives” 是主句，“to a large extent” 是状语，修饰 “starting”，表示在很大程度上，主句表达我们开始过着相同生活这一情况。 · 翻译：尽管我们处在不同的大陆，但在很大程度上我们开始过着相同的生活。 句式五 Experts think that the number of different languages will halve to just 3,500 by the end of this century. · 解析：这是一个含有宾语从句的复合句。主句 “Experts think” 是主谓结构，表示专家的想法；“that the number of different languages will halve to just 3,500 by the end of this century” 是宾语从句，作 “think” 的宾语，在这个宾语从句中，“by the end of this century” 是时间状语，表明截止到本世纪末这一时间节点，“will halve” 使用的是一般将来时，表达在这个时间之前将会发生语言数量减半这一动作，即不同语言的数量将会减半，降至仅 3500 种。 · 翻译：专家们认为，到本世纪末，不同语言的数量将会减半，降至仅 3500 种。 上教版必修二 Unit 4 Achievements 重点词汇 1. attract /əˈtrækt/ v.吸引；使喜爱 1）. vt. 吸引 The Cardiff Bay project is attracting many visitors. 加的夫湾工程吸引着众多的参观者。 2). vt. 引起…的兴趣 He wasn't sure he'd got it right, although the theory attracted him by its logic. 他不能确定自己理解是否正确，尽管该理论的逻辑推理引起了他的兴趣。 【拓展】 attractive adj 有吸引力的 2. target /ˈtɑːɡɪt/ n.（攻击的）目标，对象 1）. 靶; (攻击的) 目标 The village lies beside a main road, making it an easy target for bandits. 该村位于大路边，容易成为匪徒攻击的目标。 2）. vt 把…作为攻击目标; 把…作为批评对象 Republicans targeted her as vulnerable in her bid for reelection this year. 共和党人认为她在今年的再次参选中是不堪一击的攻击目标。 3). vt 以 (某特定人群) 为目标; 针对 The campaign will target American insurance companies. 这场运动将以美国的保险公司为目标。 3. approach /əˈprəʊtʃ/ v.（在距离或时间上）靠近，接近 1). 靠近；接近 He didn't approach the front door at once. 他没有立即走近前门。 When I approached, they grew silent. 当我走近时，他们变得沉默了。 2）.n. 靠近；接近 At their approach the little boy ran away and hid. 当他们走近时，那个小男孩跑开了并藏了起来。 3）. vt 与…接洽 (approach someone about something./to do sth.) When Brown approached me about the job, my first reaction was of disbelief. 当布朗为这份工作找我时，我的第一反应是不相信。 He approached me to create and design the restaurant. 他来找我创办并设计那家餐馆。 4) vt. 处理 The Bank has approached the issue in a practical way. 该银行已经务实地处理了这个问题。 5). vi临近 As autumn approached, the plants and colours in the garden changed. 秋天渐近，花园里的植物与色调发生了变化。 6). n 临近 the festive spirit that permeated the house with the approach of Christmas. 随着圣诞节的临近而弥漫在这所房子里的节日气氛。 7). vt逐渐接近 (某时间或事件) There is a need for understanding and cooperation as we approach the summit. 在我们即将参加峰会之际需要理解与合作。 8). n 路径 The path serves as an approach to the boathouse. 这条小路是通向那个船库的一条路径。 9). n. 方式 We will be exploring different approaches to gathering information. 我们将探索收集信息的不同方法。 4. attack /əˈtæk/ v/ n.袭击；攻击 1). vt 攻击 Fifty civilians in Masawa were killed when government planes attacked the town. 马萨瓦50名平民在政府飞机袭击该市时丧生。 He bundled the old lady into her hallway and brutally attacked her. 他把老太太推进她家门厅里，并且野蛮地袭击了她。 They found the least defended area and attacked. 他们找到了防守最薄弱的地区发动了攻击。 2). n. 攻击 a campaign of air attacks on strategic targets. 对战略目标的空袭行动。 3) vt. 抨击 He publicly attacked the people who've been calling for secret ballot nominations. 他公开抨击了那些一直要求秘密投票提名的人。 5. sharp /ʃɑːp/ adj. 1). 锋利的 With a sharp knife, make diagonal slashes in the chicken breast. 用锋利的刀子斜着切开鸡胸脯。 2). 尖的 His nose was thin and sharp. 他的鼻子又细又尖。 3). 急剧的 (转弯) I was approaching a fairly sharp bend that swept downhill to the left. 我那时正接近一个朝山下向左急转的弯道。 4). 机敏的 He is very sharp, a quick thinker and swift with repartee. 他很机敏、思维敏捷并且能机智应答。 5). (说话、措辞等) 严厉的 "Don't contradict your mother," was Charles's sharp reprimand. “不要顶撞你的母亲，”查尔斯严厉的斥责。 6. wrap /ræp/ v.包； 用……缠绕（或围紧） 1）. vt 包 Harry had carefully bought and wrapped presents for Mark to give the children. 哈里已精心为马克买好、包好那些给孩子们的礼物。 2）. vt用…包裹 She wrapped a handkerchief around her bleeding palm in an effort to protect it. 她用手帕包扎她那流血的手掌来保护它。 7. bleed /bliːd/ v.流血；失血 1）. vi流血 His head had struck the sink and was bleeding. 他的头撞到了洗脸池上，正在流血。 He was bleeding profusely. 他正大量流血。 2). v榨取 (钱财) We have been gradually bled for twelve years. 12年来，我们被逐渐榨尽了钱财。 8. bite /baɪt/ v.咬 ( biting, bit, bitten, bites ) Both sisters bit their nails as children. 这两姐妹在孩童时都啃指甲。 He bit into his sandwich. 他咬了一口三明治。 例： Every year in this country more than 50,000 children are bitten by dogs. 每年这个国家有五万多个孩子被狗咬伤。 2). n 咬 （常和take搭配） He took another bite of apple. 他又咬了一口苹果。 3）. n. 一口的量 Look forward to eating the food and enjoy every bite. 盼望吃到那个食品并享受吃它的每一口。 9. intelligent /ɪnˈtɛlɪdʒənt/ adj. 1). 有智慧的 Susan's a very bright and intelligent woman who knows her own mind. 苏珊是一个非常聪明伶俐而且清楚自己想法的女人。 2).智能的 Intelligent computers will soon be an indispensable diagnostic tool for every doctor. 智能计算机很快将会成为每位医生必不可少的诊断工具。 10. struggle /ˈstrʌɡəl/ v.搏斗；扭打；挣扎脱身 1). vt/ vi努力; 斗争 They had to struggle against all kinds of adversity. 他们不得不同各种困境斗争。 2). n 努力; 斗争 Life became a struggle for survival. 生活变成了一场争取生存的斗争。 a young boy's struggle to support his poverty-stricken family. 一个年轻男孩为支撑自己贫穷的家庭所做的努力。 3）.n. 很费劲的事 Losing weight was a terrible struggle. 减肥是件很费劲的事。 11. maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/ v.维持；保持 1). vt保持;维持 After the divorce, their father still maintained close contact with the boys. 离婚后，他们的父亲仍和儿子们保持着密切联系。 The government was right to maintain interest rates at a high level. 该政府将利率维持在一个高的层面是正确的。 2). vt 坚持说; 坚持认为 He has maintained that the money was donated for international purposes. 他坚持说这笔钱是出于国际目的而捐助的。 3）. vt 维修; 保养 The house costs a fortune to maintain. 维修这房子花费巨大。 4）. vt 供养 the basic costs of maintaining a child. 供养一个孩子的基本费用。 12. outstanding /ˌaʊtˈstændɪŋ/ adj.优秀的，杰出的；出色的 Derartu is an outstanding athlete and deserved to win. 德拉图是位杰出的运动员，他理应获胜。 【拓展】 outstanding adj 尚未偿还的; 尚未解决的 The total debt outstanding is $70 billion. 尚未偿还的总债务额是700亿美元。 We still have some outstanding issues to resolve before we'll have a treaty that is ready to sign. 我们在签署这份条约之前还有一些悬而未决的问题要解决。 13. request /rɪˈkwɛst/ v/ n.（正式或礼貌的）要求，请求 1). vt 请求; 正式要求 Mr. Dennis said he had requested access to a telephone. 丹尼斯先生说他已正式要求要能够使用一部电话。 2). vt 要求 Students are requested to park at the rear of the building. 学生们被要求在那座楼后面停车。 3). n 请求 France had agreed to his request for political asylum. 法国已经同意了他政治避难的请求。 at someone's request 应某人的要求 例： The evacuation is being organized at the request of the United Nations Secretary General. 应联合国秘书长的要求，该撤离正在进行中。 on request 应要求 Details are available on request. 详情备索。 14. realistic /ˌrɪəˈlɪstɪk/ adj.现实的；实际的；实事求是的 1). adj . 现实的; 务实的 Police have to be realistic about violent crime. 警察对暴力犯罪不得不采取务实的态度。 2). adj 现实可行的 A more realistic figure is 11 million. 一个更现实可行的数字是1100万。 3). adj. 逼真的 extraordinarily realistic paintings of Indians. 关于印第安人的极其逼真的绘画。 15. professional /prəˈfɛʃənəl/ adj.专业的；职业的 1).有关职业的 His professional career started at Colgate University. 他的职业生涯始于科尔盖特大学。 2). adj 专业的 (人士) highly qualified professional people like doctors and engineers. 像医生和工程师这样高资历的专业人士。 3). n 专业人士 My father wanted me to become a professional and have more stability. 我父亲希望我成为一名专业人士，有更多稳定性。 4). adj 职业的 (运动员等) This has been my worst time for injuries since I started as a professional player. 这是我成为职业球员以来受伤最严重的一次。 16. permanently /ˈpɜːmənənt/ adv.永久地；永恒地 His confidence had been permanently affected by the ordeal. 他的信心已永久地被这次磨难影响了。 17. setback /ˈsɛtbæk/ n.挫折；阻碍 The move represents a setback for the Middle East peace process. 此举意味着中东和平进程的倒退。 18. title /ˈtaɪtəl/ n.（书、诗歌、图画、乐曲等的）名称，标题，题目 1). n标题 "Patience and Sarah" was first published in 1969 under the title "A Place for Us." 《耐心与萨拉》于1969年以《我们的地方》为书名首次出版。 2）. vt 给…加标题 Pirandello titled his play "Six Characters in Search of an Author." 皮兰德娄将其戏剧命名为《六个寻找作者的剧中人》。 The single is titled "White Love." 这支单曲名为《白色之恋》。 3). n. (某种) 书刊 The magazine has become the biggest publisher of new poetry, with 50 new titles a year. 该杂志已成了最大的新诗出版商，每年出版50种杂志。 4). n. 称呼 Please fill in your name and title. 请填上你的名字和称呼。 5). (体育比赛的) 冠军 He became Jamaica's first Olympic gold medallist when he won the 400 metre title in 1948. 他在1948年赢得400米赛跑冠军,成为牙买加首位奥运金牌得主。 19. cell phone 移动电话；手机 cell n 细胞 aging cells 衰老细胞 20. in addition 除……以外（还） In addition, you can elect to share your files with others. 另外，您可以决定与其他的用户共享您的文件。 重点词块 cell phone 移动电话；手机 in addition 除……以外（还） take one look at（看一眼） keep sb from doing sth.（阻止某人做某事） throw the fishing spear into the shark’s head（把鱼叉投向鲨鱼的头部） with determination and complete hatred（带着决心和十足的仇恨） turn over（翻转） wrap oneself in the rope（把自己裹在绳子里） swim over the water（在水面上游动） go down（下沉） 语言点精萃 【本单元主要语言知识点】 01 · 原句：As the fish is too large to be carried on his little boat, he ties it along the side of it. · 中文翻译：由于这条鱼太大了，无法放在他的小船上，所以他把鱼绑在了船舷边。 · 句式解析：此句是一个含有原因状语从句的复合句。“As the fish is too large to be carried on his little boat” 是原因状语从句，其中 “as” 引导原因状语从句，表示 “因为，由于”；“too...to...” 结构表示 “太…… 而不能……”，整个从句说明了老人把鱼绑在船舷边的原因，主句 “he ties it along the side of it” 则陈述了相应的行为动作。 02 · 原句：The old man could hear the noise of skin and flesh ripping on the big fish when he threw the fishing spear into the shark’s head at a place where the line between his eyes crossed with the line that ran straight back from his nose. · 中文翻译：当老人把鱼叉投向鲨鱼头部两眼之间的连线与从鼻子笔直往后延伸的那条线相交的部位时，他能听到大鱼身上皮肉被撕裂的声音。 · 句式解析：这是一个主从复合句。“when he threw the fishing spear into the shark’s head at a place...” 是时间状语从句，说明听到声音的时间背景；在这个时间状语从句中又包含了一个定语从句 “where the line between his eyes crossed with the line that ran straight back from his nose”，修饰先行词 “place”，其中 “that ran straight back from his nose” 又是一个定语从句，修饰前面的 “the line”，整个句子结构层次较多，对当时的场景进行了细致描述。 03 · 原句：The shark turned over and the old man saw his eye was not alive and then he turned over once again, wrapping himself in the rope. · 中文翻译：鲨鱼翻了个身，老人看到它的眼睛没了生气，然后它又翻了一次身，把自己裹在了绳子里。 · 句式解析：这是一个并列复合句，由多个简单句通过并列连词 “and” 连接而成。“The shark turned over”“the old man saw his eye was not alive”“he turned over once again” 是三个并列的简单句表述连续发生的动作，最后的 “wrapping himself in the rope” 是现在分词短语作伴随状语，补充说明鲨鱼再次翻身时的伴随状态。 04 · 原句：When the shark had hit the fish, it was as though he himself were hit. · 中文翻译：当鲨鱼袭击那条鱼时，就好像老人自己被袭击了一样。 · 句式解析：这是一个含有时间状语从句和表语从句的复合句。“When the shark had hit the fish” 是时间状语从句，说明事情发生的时间条件；“it was as though he himself were hit” 是主句，其中 “as though” 引导表语从句，常用在系动词 “be” 等后面，从句中常用虚拟语气，此处 “were hit” 就是虚拟语气的用法，表达一种仿佛、好像的情况。 05 · 原句：I am sorry that I killed the fish though, he though. · 中文翻译：不过，他想，我很遗憾我杀死了这条鱼。 · 句式解析：此句是一个含有宾语从句的复合句。“I am sorry” 是主句结构，表达主语的感受，“that I killed the fish” 是宾语从句，作 “sorry” 的宾语，说明遗憾的具体内容，“though” 在这里是副词，意为 “不过，然而”，放在句末起补充说明语气的作用。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$