专题3阅读理解词义猜测题题-2025年高考英语一轮全面复习备考方案(新高考卷)

专题03 词义猜测题 目录 1 .考情分析 2 2. 必备知识 考点一 题型分析 知识点1 选项规律………………………………………………………………………………………2 知识点2 得分技巧……………………………………………………………………………………………3 知识点3 分析题型……………………………………………………………………………………………..4 考点二 句意猜词题…………………………………………………………………………5 考点三 单词或短语猜测题………………………………………………………………………………………….6 考点四 代词猜测题…………………………………………………………………………………………..10 3.真题练习 1.名校模拟…………………………………………………………………………….15 2.真题练习……………………………………………………………………………21 1.考情分析 年份 卷别 题数 2024 新高考I卷 28 新高考II卷 32 全国甲卷 26 2023 新高考I卷 29 新高考II卷 30 全国甲卷 24 全国乙卷 34 2022 新高考I卷 30 新高考II卷 24、30 全国甲卷 28 全国乙卷 29 2.必备知识 考点一 题型分析 知识点1 选项规律 干扰选项； 1. 构词法干扰，指片面的从构词法角度猜测、思考，不考虑上下文语境，望词生义； 2. 句子解释中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般是错误选项。 3. 拘泥于字面意思，根据所学过的熟词意义常时考生觉得画线词义背过而忽略上下文主观臆断。 正确选项特征 释义 逻辑通顺 内容上与词或短语所在的句子、段落有关，符合上下文逻辑； 代词查询 代词指代有时与上文距离较远，需要对前文内容进行总结才能得出结论； 本意延伸 真实含义与其字面意思无关，在原义的基础上进行延伸或拓展； 接近原意 采取转述、举例或列举等表达方式，与原句意思最接近。 知识点2 得分技巧 1. 根据构词法进行猜测。构词法是猜测生词含义的重要依据，根据构词法猜测出的词义一般比较接近单词的真实意思，准确度较高。近三年高考阅读文本中出现了派生词、合成词，且没有给出注解，考生需要利用构词法理解其含义，因此，利用构词法猜词的方法考生仍需要掌握。 2.根据同位关系进行猜测。阅读中出现的难词有时下文紧跟一个同位语，对上文的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对上文或下文的词义或短语意义进行猜测。 3. 根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。 4. 根据因果关系进行猜测。表示因果关系的词如because,since,for,as,thus,therefore,consequently,hence,due to,owing to,thanks to,on account of,result in, result from,so,as a result,for this reason,accordingly,so...that...,such...that...等。在文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。 5. 根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。根据上下句的连接词，如but，however，otherwise等可知上下句存在转折关系，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。 6. 根据举例推测词义。有时，划线部分后会根由一些具体的例子，这些例子可以帮助考试理解该词的词义。线索词such as, such...as, for example, for instance, like , including, especially等。 7. 根据标点符号猜测词义。这类标点符号通常为括号、冒号、破折号、逗号等。 8. 根据同义词、近义词或反义词猜测词义。同义词、近义词或反义词往往有and, or, but, however等信息词作暗示。 知识点3 分析题型 分析近三年新高考卷及全国卷考查词义猜词的题目可知，对短语的考查与对生词的考查都有所涉及，短语已经不再限制于由课标词组成的短语了，出现了非课标词。无论是直接的词义猜测题，还是阅读篇章中需要理解的生词，都可运用逻辑关系、上下文、生活常识、文化背景、构词法等来猜测其含义。因此，在阅读过程中，考生需要结合语境，联系上下文进行猜测。此外，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对提高阅读能力都有非常重要的意义。 整体分布：要求考生能够对文章中的某个生词、熟词(熟词生义)、短语或句子进行理解并选出准确的意思，或者确定原文中某个代词的指代含义。 难度分析：上下文中涉及的派生词、合成词难度加大突出对考生灵活运用语言的能力的考查；这对考生的语言运用能力提出了更高的要求。 考查内容：常见题目类型包括代词指代题、单词或短语猜测题、句意猜测题。 考点二 句意猜测题 1：返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系分析。 2：理解句子的前后特定语境，然后根据语境对此句在文中的意思进行有依据的推理，一般来说，正确选项的意思和原句的意思完全相同，只不过是用其他的词汇或句式来转换表达而已。 3：备选项代入原文，与上下文进行整体嵌入，遵循逻辑，得出答案。 典例1. （2024高三·全国·专题练习）We both started looking for jobs right away, but there weren’t any to be found. With each passing day we were getting increasingly worried and we continued to work together in order to pull our family through. The more we pulled together, the closer we got. I felt feelings of admiration for my husband that I hadn’t felt in years. The underlined sentence in the second paragraph means that ________. A．they became closer as they struggled together B．they hoped to find jobs in the same company C．both of them had the courage to face difficulty D．they were trying to make their relationship closer 【解析】词句猜测题。划线句前一句提到“we continued to work together in order to pull our family through(我们继续一起努力，以便让我们的家庭渡过难关)”；划线句后一句提到“I felt feelings of admiration for my husband that I hadn’t felt in years.(我对丈夫有一种多年来从未有过的钦佩之情)”在和丈夫共同渡过难关的过程中，作者产生了对丈夫从未有过的钦佩之情，由此可推测出，他们在共渡难关的过程中夫妻关系也变得更亲密。故选A。 【答案】A 2. （2024·天津·模拟） Even our fathers dropped their tools and joined us. Our mothers took their turn, laughing like schoolgirls. I think we were all beside ourselves. Parents forgot their duty and their dignity; children forgot their everyday fights and little jealousies. "Perhaps it's like this in the kingdom of heaven," I thought confusedly. It was growing dark before we all walked sleepily back to the house. I suppose we had some sort of supper. I suppose there must have been surface tidying-up, for the house on Sunday looked clean and orderly enough. The strange thing was, we didn't mention that day afterward. I felt a little embarrassed. Surely none of the others had been as excited as I. I locked the memory up in that deepest part of me where we keep "the things that cannot be and yet they are." By "we were all beside ourselves," the writer means that they all _________. A．felt confused B．looked on C．went wild with joy D．forgot their fights 【答案】C 【解析】语义猜测题。定位到第五段“Even our fathers dropped their tools and joined us. Our mothers took their turn, laughing like schoolgirls. I think we were all beside ourselves. Parents forgot their duty and their dignity; children forgot their everyday fights and little jealousies.”我们的父亲放下工具加入我们，母亲也转身笑得像少女，父母们忘了他们的责任和尊贵的身份，小孩子们忘记了每天的争执和小嫉妒。而这都是特别开心的表现。故选C。 3. （2024高三·全国·专题练习）“As with all things, the secret to managing your finances like an adult is a constant strive for balance,” Waters says. “Have fun along the way, but don’t let the tail wag the dog.” What do the underlined words “don’t let the tail wag the dog” in the last paragraph mean? A．Don’t bite the hand that feeds you. B．Don’t put the cart before the horse. C．Don’t do one thing under the cover of another D．Don’t count the chicken before they are hatched. 【答案】B 【解析】词句猜测题。分析关键词：画线句位于段落句末，因此本题我们需要分析上文释义来推断本句意思；分析结构：本句是祈使句。连上下句：根据画线句上文“As with all things, the secret to managing your finances like an adult is a constant strive for balance (与所有事情一样，像成年人一样管理财务的秘诀是不断努力保持平衡)”可知，沃特斯说与所有事情一样，像成年人一样管理财务的秘诀是不断努力保持平衡。即不让财务影响自己的生活，而是应该努力保持财务平衡，即“不要本末倒置”。故画线句意思是“不要本末倒置”。故选B项。 4. （2024高三·全国·专题练习）Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can disappear if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for being lazy, you might even be shocked and angry. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”, with the assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance (不满). But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well. What does the underlined statement “it is all too monkey” mean in the first paragraph? A．Disliking unfairness is also monkeys’ nature. B．Monkeys have a reputation for laziness. C．Monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other. D．No animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions. 【答案】A 【解析】词句猜测题。分析关键词：画线句位于段落句末，因此本题我们需要分析上文释义来推断本句意思；分析结构：主语It，谓语is，表语all too monkey。连上下句：根据画线句上文“Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”,with the assumption that other animals wouldnot be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance (不满). (这种行为被认为是“人之常情”，认为其他动物不可能有这种高度发达的悲愤意识。)”和“as well (也)”可知，Sarah Brosnan和Frans de Waal进行的研究则表明猴子同样会“因为不公平而愤怒”，故画线部分的意思是“怨恨不公平也是猴子的天性”，故选A项。 考点三 单词或短语猜测题 1. 审读题干，提取关键信息； 2.速读定位原文信息句，将试题信息与原文信息进行语义转换； 3.逐一核对选项，仔细辨别，得出答案。 解题技巧; 做这一类题时一定要留意： 1. 由表及里的正确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或者观点代替作者的思想观点。 2. 特殊留意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情、态度、观点的词语。要特殊留意作者在文章中的措词，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。 高频同义转换；名词 circumstance=environment=atmosphere creation=innovation comment=remark=review(make a comment on)data=statistics colleague=coworker direction=discipline=guideline essay=passage=article=text experiment=trial 动词； overuse=abuse reject=refuse=turn down=decline receive=accept see=observe=notice=spot search=explore connect=link=relate=associate explode=blow out discourage=frustrate rent=hire prove=turn out remove=get rid of admire=appreciate possess=own decide=determine=resolve to do get= obtain= acquire= gain= possess 形容词副词 authentic=true=genuine thrilling=frightening thrilled=excited average=ordinary=common=universal time-honored=has a long history dull=boring daring=brave extra=additional glad=pleased=delighted touched=moved significant=vital=key=essential=primary=elementary accessible=available=at hand appropriate=proper=suitable appealing=attractive immediately=quickly=at once=in rarely=hardly=seldom approximately=about=nearly=almost=practically complex=complicated safe=secure 高频短语 get ready for=be prepared for focus on =concentrate on transform A into B=turn A into B in the long term=in the long run in...sense=in a way=to some degree=at some point hold on to=insist take action=take measures=take steps to keep in touch with=contact in some respect=to some degree=at some point deal with=cope with=handle with=address at the same time=meanwhile on the spot=on the scene be proud of=take pride in as a matter of fact=in fact=to tell you the truth head into=leave for arrive at=reach=get to=approach in spite of=despite from one’s perspective=from one’s point of view try doing=attempt to be filled with=be charged with=be full of prefer to do A rather than do B prefer A to B prefer doing A to doing B run into=come across take the place of=replace come into effect=put...into practice/use from time to time=once in a while be caught in=be trapped in consist of =be made up of for a moment=for a while a collection of =a series of figure out=find out bright up=light up roll around=turn up give...a lecture=deliver a speech draw one’s attention=attract one’s attention be desperate for=desire for=be thirsty for in favor of=favorable 1.（2024年浙江省二模试题） ...... I think that we shouldn’t forget that we shouldn’t train our students for today or tomorrow; we should train them for 10 to 20 years from now. Because then they will be the innovators in our society, and they will be the persons that make a difference. Train our students for future means that they have to be able to surpass the border of our current knowledge. This is what I mean with playground. I mean that you have sufficient space to think, to discover and to be free to make mistakes, but in particular to make the next steps, be creative and not limited by what should be done. A lot of things happen by accident and suddenly you get a major breakthrough or new insight. Schools should encourage students to ask questions and be creative. What does “plavground” mean to Bernard Feringa? A．An area for physical activities. B．An area for extra-curricular experiments. C．An area for bold exploration. D．An area for academic improvements. 【解析】词句猜测题。根据第三段“Train our students for future means that ... the next steps, be creative and not limited by what should be done.(为未来培养我们的学生意味着他们必须能够超越我们当前知识的边界。这就是我所说的playground。我的意思是，你有足够的空间去思考、发现并自由犯错，但特别是要采取下一步行动，要有创造力，不受应该做的事情的限制)”可知，在playground，学生们有足够的空间去思考、发现新事物并自由犯错误，能够创造性地超越当前知识的边界，所以对伯纳德·费林加来说，playground是一个可以大胆探索的空间。故选C。 【答案】C 2.（广东省S7高质量发展联盟2024年高三联考） Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.” What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7? A．Improve. B．Oppose. C．Begin. D．Evaluate. 【解析】词句猜测题。根据“Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.” (彭福街60号的额外护理经理Wendy Wilson是第一批参与该项目的人之一，她说：“居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣。”)”可知，Wendy Wilson是着手这项工程的人之一，也是做这个项目的创始人之一，因此可知，画线处embark on意为“开始着手做某事”，与C项“Begin (开始)”含义相近。故选C项。 【答案】C 3. （2024·河南郑州·二模） “Travelling to the Arctic leaves an unforgettable impression on the visitor. Its vast expanse and the fragility of its environment are two things that really blow away people,” said Cheryl Rosa, the director of the US Arctic Research Commission. The underlined part “blow away” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”. A．defeat B．affect C．move D．impress 【答案】D 【解析】词句猜测题。根据第二段第一句“Travelling to the Arctic leaves an unforgettable impression on the visitor. (北极之旅给来访者留下了难忘的印象)”可知，此处是指北极的广阔和它脆弱的环境是最令人印象深刻的。所以blow away意为“令……印象深刻”。故选D。 4. （2024·湖北高中名校大联考）...... That’s wrong. Recitation allows students to experience a text as a living thing, ready to be taken up by a new generation. Committing a poem or speech to memory means stepping into the author’s shoes and pondering what he meant. Deciding which words to stress when reciting means thinking about what those words mean. What does the underlined word “pondering” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Learning from. B．Reflecting on. C．Bringing out. D．Arguing against. 【答案】 B 【解析】词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“Deciding which words to stress when reciting means thinking about what those words mean.”（在背诵时决定重读哪些单词意味着要思考这些单词的意思。）以及“Committing a poem or speech to memory means stepping into the author’s shoes”（记住一首诗或一篇演讲意味着走进作者的角度。）可知，记住一首诗或一篇演讲意味着走进作者的角度，思考他的意图。所以pondering在此处意味着反思或深思。故选B。 考点四 代词猜测题 1.审读题干，判断代词(it, one, they, this, that, these, those, which等)或助动词(do, does, did 等)具体指代词的含义，如指代单数、复数、指人，物，还是一件事等。。 2.返回原文，找到指代词→向上(有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词，短语或句子。 3.将找到的词、词组或句子代入替代该指代词，看意思和逻辑关系是否通顺，从而确定最佳选项。 1. （2024·福建福州·三模）These conservation efforts have taken different forms. In Beijing, a near-ruined temple was transformed into a restaurant and gallery, while in Nanjing, a cinema from the 1930s was restored to its original form, with some additions providing it for modern use. In 2019, Shanghai welcomed Tank Shanghai, an arts center built in renovated（重修的）oil tanks. What does the underlined word “it” in Para. 4 refer to? A．All original form. B．A new addition. C．A cinema. D．A temple. 【答案】C 【解析】指代猜测题。根据第四段第二句中的“a cinema from the 1930s was restored to its original form”（20世纪30年代的一座电影院被恢复了原来的形式）可知，it是指电影院。故选C。 2.（2024·湖北黄冈·一模）French children 15 and under will no longer be allowed to bring smart devices to school. Lawmakers in France voted recently to ban all phones, tablets, and other Internet-connected devices from school grounds. The ban will start in September, “These days, the children don't play at break time anymore,” Jean-Michel Blanquer, France's education minister, said. “They are just all in front of their smartphones, and from an educational point of view, that's a problem. Some strict measures must be taken immediately.” A 2010 law bad already banned smartphones during "all teaching activity" in France. But the new rules say smartphones and tablets are not allowed even during breaks. Students who bring these digital devices to school have to keep them in their backpacks and turned off, If they want to call their parents, schools will help. However, the new law doesn’t forbid students to turn to them during extra-curricular activities. It also makes an exception for disabled students. What does the underlined word "them" in paragraph 1 refer to? A．Disabled students. B．Digital devices. C．Backpacks. D．Students' parents. 【答案】B 【解析】词义猜测题。第一段中划线词句上一句“Students who bring these digital devices to school have to keep them in their backpacks and turned off, if they want to call their parents, schools will help.(把这些数码设备带到学校的学生必须把它们放在书包里，并关掉，如果他们想给父母打电话，学校会提供帮助)”说明学生可以把这些数码设备带到学校关掉不能使用，再根据划线词句“However, the new law doesn’t forbid students to turn to them during extra-curricular activities.(然而，新法律并不禁止学生在课外活动中求助于them)”转折的语义可以推断，划线单词“them”指代上文的“数码设备”。故选B项。 3. （2023年湖北武汉校考练习）Cory’s shearwaters are long-lived, rarely producing young successfully before age nine. This leaves an opening for learning and practice to develop their migration patterns. Researchers call this the “exploration-refinement”, and until now it has been hypothetical (假设的) because of difficulties in tracking migratory animals’ movements. What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．The opening for learning and practice. B．The unique living habit of Cory’s shearwaters. C．The way Cory’s shearwaters form their migration patterns. D．The process scientists track Cory’s shearwaters’ movements. 【答案】C 【解析】词句猜测题。根据“Cory’s shearwaters are long-lived, rarely producing young successfully before age nine. This leaves an opening for learning and practice to develop their migration patterns.(科里海鸥的寿命很长，很少能在九岁之前成功产下幼崽。这为学习和实践发展它们的迁移模式提供了机会)”和“Researchers call this the “exploration-refinement”(研究人员称之为“探索-精炼”)”可知，此处指研究人员称这种模式为“探索-精炼”，第三段中划线的this指代的是科里海鸥形成迁徙模式的方式。故选C项。 1. 3.真题练习 1. 名校模拟 1.（2024·江西省重点中学·模拟） The 36-year-old from Shanghai has broken the glass ceiling to become one of China’s first two female rescue helicopter pilots who respond to search and rescue missions involving cargo ship snags(货船遇险), vessel accidents, medical emergencies and special marine operations. The demanding nature of the profession had always favored male candidates until the rules were changed for the first and only time. She says, “Rescue at sea can be both challenging and terrifying. If you don’t think and act fast, people may die.” What do the underlined words “broken the glass ceiling” probably mean? A．Winning wide praise. B．Making a personal breakthrough. C．Disobeying rules of her career. D．Breaking barriers preventing women’s advancement. 【答案】D 【解析】词句猜测题。根据第二段中“The demanding nature of the profession had always favored male candidates until the rules were changed for the first and only time.(这一职业的高要求性质历来偏向于男性候选人，直到规则首次也是唯一一次改变)”可知，划线部分指的是万秋雯成为首批女性海上救援直升机飞行员之一的事迹，意味着她突破了阻碍女性晋升的障碍，故划线部分与D选项“打破阻碍女性晋升的障碍”意思相近。故选D。 2.（2024·重庆沙坪坝·模拟） To avoid conflicts, organizers have fenced in beaver-related projects. The beavers are not permitted to wander freely beyond the fences. The government has also put together a beaver management strategy framework, which advises communication and listening, in an effort to clear up misunderstandings and concerns. When beavers do cause issues, available options will be provided, including modifying the dams, reducing water levels, or relocating the animals. What does the underlined word “concerns” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．Worries about related costs. B．Doubts about beavers’ safety. C．Fears for species extinction. D．Anxieties over river pollution. 【答案】A 【解析】词句猜测题。根据第三段“The consequences of bringing beavers back are not all positive, the most common one being the flooding they can cause, rather than reduce. In addition, critics point to the high costs of beaver-felled trees and be aver reintroduction programs.(把河狸带回来的后果并不都是积极的，最常见的是它们可能引起洪水，而不是减少洪水。此外，批评人士指出，砍伐河狸的树木和重新引入河狸的项目成本高昂)”可知，由于河狸项目的负面影响和高额成本，河狸和人之间会产生冲突，再根据第四段“To avoid conflicts, organizers have fenced in beaver-related projects. The beavers are not permitted to wander freely beyond the fences.(为了避免冲突，组织者将与河狸有关的项目围了起来)”可知，组织者采取了一系列措施来避免冲突，消除人们的误解和担心。由此可以推断，这种担心是指对河狸可能造成的相关损失的担心。故选A项。 3. （2024·江苏省兴化中学·模拟） “Children are affected by the same time crunch that affects their parents,” says Sandra Hofferth, who headed the recent study of children’s timetable. A chief reason, she says, is that more mothers are working outside the home. (Nevertheless, children in both double-income and “male breadwinner” households spent comparable amounts of time interacting with their parents 19 hours and 22 hours respectively. In contrast, children spent only 9 hours with their single mothers.) What does the underlined phrase “the same time crunch” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Children have little time to play with their parents. B．Both parents and children suffer from lack of leisure time. C．Children are not taken good care of by their working parents. D．Both parents and children have trouble managing their time. 【答案】B 【解析】词句猜测题。根据第一段中“All in all, however, children’s leisure time dropped from 40% of the day in 1981 to 25%.(然而，总的来说，儿童的休闲时间从1981年的40%下降到了25%) ”；第二段中“A chief reason, she says, is that more mothers are working outside the home.(她说，一个主要原因是越来越多的母亲在外工作)”以及“In contrast, children spent only 9 hours with their single mothers.(相比之下，孩子们和单身母亲在一起的时间只有9个小时)”可知，父母和孩子都缺少闲暇时间，故划线部分的意思是“父母和孩子都缺少闲暇时间”。故选B。 4.（2024高三·全国·专题练习） Allcove provides fully staffed safe spaces for teens and young adults to discuss and deal with their health, both mental and physical. Dr. Steven Adelsheim, a psychiatrist, who created the Allcove in 2014, said, “There is a crying need in the U.S. to reach kids with early intervention and help.” Sometimes a kid may come in with a physical complaint, and only after a few visits is the mental suffering brought out into the open. When that happens, Alcove can make a “warm handoff” to a mental health specialist onsite. Success, say Adelsheim and Cox, would mean the establishment of hundreds of Allcove centers up and down the state and, eventually, around the country. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph mean? A．The sense of mental suffering. B．Involvement of health experts. C．Complaints about physical suffering. D．The pressing call for assistance. 【答案】A 【解析】词句猜测题。根据第三句“Sometimes a kid may come in with a physical complaint, and only after a few visits is the mental suffering brought out into the open.(有时，一个孩子可能会因为身体上的不适而来，只有在几次就诊后，精神上的痛苦才会暴露出来。)”可知，此处是指当精神上的痛苦发生时，所以that代指“精神上的痛苦”。故选A。 5. （2024·江苏高三·模拟预测）Despite public health campaigns to highlight the many problems with sugary drinks, we drink them by the liters, about 42 liters per person a year. But, not everyone consumes them. Two new studies throw light on the fact that some of us are more vulnerable to the harms of sugary drinks than others. “Some of us are more vulnerable” underlined in paragraph 1 refers to people who ______. A．never drink soft drinks B．drink less soft drinks C．drink more soft drinks D．produce soft drinks 【答案】C 【解析】句意猜测题。根据第二段的“The researchers found that the more individuals had an evaluative prejudice (unconscious positive judgment of soft drinks in this case), the more soft drinks they consume. (研究人员发现，个体的评价偏见越多(在这种情况下，对软饮料的无意识的积极判断)，他们喝的软饮料就越多)”和第三段的““These population groups are more likely to be influenced in making choice related to consumption, ” added the Deakin University researchers. (迪肯大学的研究人员补充道：‘这些人群在做出与消费相关的选择时更有可能受到影响。’)”可知，两个研究都是关于哪些人更容易多喝软饮料。由此推知，划线部分所在句子意为“两项新的研究揭示了一个事实——我们中的一些人比其他人更容易受到含糖饮料的危害”，即some of us are more vulnerable指那些更容易和软饮料的人。故选C。 6. （2024·北京·三模） Modem technology has changed this. Either man will abolish war, or war will abolish man. For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may, before long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will never be done until we have succeeded in abolishing war. To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way, not as contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is most skillful in killing people, but by arbitration (通过仲裁) in accordance with agreed principles of law. It is not easy to change very old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Men, as well as war, will have to make the ultimate choice between the two. B．Modern technology has empowered man to choose whether to have war or not. C．At least 6,000 years later, man has finally decided to abandon war once and for all. D．People will eventually destroy themselves if they choose to go to war at modern times. 【答案】D 【解析】词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“Either man will abolish war, or war will abolish man. For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may, before long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will never be done until we have succeeded in abolishing war. ”（要么人会消灭战争，要么战争会消灭人。目前，造成最严重危险的是核武器，但细菌或化学武器不久可能会带来更大的威胁。如果我们成功地废除了核武器，我们的工作也还没有完成。除非我们成功地废除了战争，否则这是永远不会实现的。）可知，只有成功废除战争，才能算做完成人类的工作，由此可推知，如果人们选择在现代进行战争，他们最终将自我毁灭。故选D。 7. （2024·北京师大附中·模拟）Don’t put it off, do it now! Overcoming procrastination finally comes down to planning, which, if you’re not careful, becomes procrastination in itself. But it is worth making sure you have everything in place. “Successful people don’t pretend they don’t procrastinate,” Dr. Steel says. “People who pretend they have willpower are less successful.” Instead, plan for procrastination: make your work environment a temple of productivity by cutting out what stops you paying your attention, so you can really focus on moving forward. What does the author do by saying the underlined sentence? A．Encourage the reader to develop plans effectively. B．Advise the reader to deal with complex tasks quickly. C．Warn the reader against spending too long getting organized. D．Remind the reader to take the time to focus properly on a task. 【答案】C 【解析】推理判断题。本句意思为，最终解决拖延症落实到了计划，但是如果不小心，计划本身就会成为拖延症的一种表现，故可知，要计划，计划之后要立即落实，故作者说这句话的意义在于警告计划不能太拖延，故选C。 8. （2024高三·全国·专题练习）Last year, after a winter of practicing skiing on the green tracks for beginners each week, Alicia was french-frying her way down blues and even attempted her first black. That month also witnessed me visiting the mountain more times than in the 15 years combined and I’ve got myself a partner for life. ...... What does the father imply by saying “I’ve got myself a partner for life.”? A．It is rewarding to learn new skills. B．Skiing has become his lifelong hobby. C．He will explore more with his daughter. D．His daughter will accompany him forever. 【答案】C 【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线句前“Last year, after a winter of practicing skiing on the green tracks for beginners each week, Alicia was french-frying her way down blues and even attempted her first black. That month also witnessed me visiting the mountain more times than in the 15 years combined(去年，经过一个冬天每周在绿色跑道上为初学者练习滑雪后，Alicia开始用法式油炸的方式滑下蓝道，甚至尝试了她的第一次黑道滑雪。那个月，我去山上的次数比15年加起来还要多)”可知，孩子在探索的同时，作者也在探索。所以划线句的意思是他将和女儿一起探索更多。故选C。 9. （2024·河北·一模）California’s Water Resources Control Board recently approved new regulations in a unanimous (一致同意的) vote — toilet or shower wastewater will be recycled and pumped into the public drinking water system. In 2023, more than 97% of California has been in moderate to severe drought, while water suppliers are struggling to keep up. A 2022 water supply and demand report indicated that around 18% of water suppliers were at risk of facing potential shortages. “The reality is that anyone out there on Mississippi River and on Colorado River, and anyone out there taking drinking water downstream is already drinking ‘toilet to tap’,” said Esquivel, a director of the Board. Early in the 1990s, the state was struggling to overcome the distaste its residents had toward drinking recycled water. Their efforts fizzled out when the phrase “toilet to tap” caught on and met with fierce resistance. The idea became too unpopular to be implemented. Despite the negative name, the regulations are the key to ensuring the supply of drinking water. California’s new regulations would let water agencies to treat wastewater, and then put it back into the drinking water system. It has taken officials more than 10 years to develop these regulations, a process that included several studies by independent groups of scientists. To put the scheme into effect and build huge water recycling plants, however, water agencies say they will need to prove to people that recycled water is not only safe to drink but also under monitoring. The new regulations require the wastewater be treated for all bacteria and viruses. In fact, the treatment is so intense that it removes all of the minerals that make fresh drinking water taste good. That means the minerals need to be added back at the end of the process. “What we have here are standards, science, and importantly monitoring that allow us to have safe pure water, and probably better in many instances,” said Esquivel. He added that it takes time and money to build these treatment centers. So, they will only be available for bigger cities at first. 1．What is the purpose of paragraph 2? A．To highlight the current severe climate crisis in California. B．To describe the role of California’s new water regulations. C．To reveal the distribution of water resources in California. D．To show the urgency of water supply reform in California. 2．What does the underlined phrase “fizzled out” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Failed. B．Worked. C．Stood out. D．Paid off. 3．What is critical for water agencies to conduct the recycling wastewater project? A．Policies from the government. B．The recognition by the public. C．Scientific research on wastewater. D．The construction of recycling plants. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The minerals will be preserved in the treatment. B．The treatment centers will be built in rural areas. C．The recycled water seems to be of better quality. D．Bacteria will be produced in the treating process. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是说明文。加利福尼亚州水资源控制委员会最近全票通过了一项新规定：厕所或淋浴废水将被回收并泵入公共饮用水系统。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“In 2023, more than 97% of California has been in moderate to severe drought, while water suppliers are struggling to keep up. A 2022 water supply and demand report indicated that around 18% of water suppliers were at risk of facing potential shortages. “The reality is that anyone out there on Mississippi River and on Colorado River, and anyone out there taking drinking water downstream is already drinking ‘toilet to tap’,” said Esquivel, a director of the Board.(2023年，加州超过97%的地区处于中度至重度干旱状态，而供水商正在努力跟上。一份2022年的供水和需求报告显示，约18%的供水商面临潜在短缺的风险。“现实情况是，密西西比河和科罗拉多河上的任何人，以及任何在下游饮用饮用水的人，都已经在喝‘从厕所到水龙头’的水，”董事会董事埃斯基维尔说)”可推知，第二段目的在于表明加州供水改革的紧边性。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“when the phrase “toilet to tap” caught on and met with fierce resistance”可知， “toilet to tap”这个词出现时遭到激烈抵制，这个理念太不受欢迎以至于无法付诸实践，即失败了。故划线词fizzled out意为“失败”。故选A。 3．推理判断题，根据第四段“To put the scheme into effect and build huge water recycling plants, however, water agencies say they will need to prove to people that recycled water is not only safe to drink but also under monitoring.(然而，为了实施该计划并建设大型水循环厂，水务部门表示，他们需要向人们证明，再生水不仅可以安全饮用，而且还需要受到监控)”可知，水务机构进行废水循环再造计划的关键是公众的认可。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“What we have here are standards, science, and importantly monitoring that allow us to have safe pure water, and probably better in many instances(我们现在拥有的是标准、科学和重要的监测，让我们拥有安全纯净的水，在许多情况下可能会更好)”可推知，循环饮用水质量可能会更好。故选C。 10（2024高三·全国·专题练习）The mission lifted off from China on Nov. 23 and landed on the moon on Dec. l. Videos from Chinese media showed the lander’s robotic arm hard at work during its short shift on another world. During its stay, Chang'e 5 also sent back images of a lunar plain of relatively young volcanic moon rock. The image shows both distant hills and how the feet of the lander dug into the soft surface of the moon as it touched down. Enlarging the foot of the lander in particular providers a real sense of the dry, desert-like lunar surface. When the samples were collected, they have been the first pieces of the moon to be returned to our planet since the 1970s. What do the underlined words "another world" in paragraph 4 refer to? A．The Earth. B．A spaceship. C．Chang'e 5. D．The Moon 【答案】D 【解析】词句猜测题。根据第四段“The mission lifted off from China on Nov. 23 and landed on the moon on Dec. l. Videos from Chinese media showed the lander’s robotic arm hard at work during its short shift on another world.（“嫦娥四号”于11月23日在中国发射升空，并于12月1日登陆月球。中国媒体的视频显示，着陆器的机械臂在另一个世界短暂转换期间努力工作。）”可知，着陆器已在月球着陆，那么之后它就是在月球停留期间努力工作，所以所谓another world.就是指“在月球表面”。故选D项。 2. 真题练习 1. （2024年新高考I卷C篇）When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice. 【答案】D 【解析】词句猜测题。根据前文“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.(当阅读几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知，在纸上学习更有成效，以及后文“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.(当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时)”推知，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意，所以shine through应是“显而易见”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。 2. （2023年全国甲卷B篇） Terri Boltonis a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1? A．An artist. B．A winner. C．A specialist. D．A pioneer. 【答案】C 【解析】词句猜测题。根据文章第一段画线短语下文“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. (她擅长摆架子和拼接家具，从不付钱给别人做她自己能做的工作)”可推知，此处指Terri Boltonis是一位DIY高手。C项“A specialist (一位专业人员)”最接近画线短语“a dab hand”的意思。故选C。 3. （2023年浙江卷1月B篇） Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon. What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph? A．Share an apartment with you. B．Join you in what you’re doing. C．Transform your way of living. D．Help you to make the decision. 【答案】B 【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线部分前文“Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to(如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好)”及第二段中的“I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.(在这个过程中，我学到了一些东西，我希望如果你在一个不总是支持你的家庭中尽最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改变，你会感到鼓舞)”可知，如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好加入这一运动。由此推知，划线词组jump on that bandwagon与Join you in what you’re doing.(加入你正在做的事情)意思接近。故选B。 4. （2022年全国乙卷C篇） That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Personnel safety. B．Assistance from drones. C．Inspection and repair. D．Construction of infrastructure. 【答案】C 【解析】词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. (据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure （检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，画线词和 C项：Inspection and repair(检修)含义相近。故选C。 5. （2020年新高考I卷C篇） In the mid­1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea. His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24­year­old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Developing a serious mental disease. B．Taking a guided tour in Central Asia. C．Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. D．Writing an article about the Aral Sea. 【答案】D 【解析】指代判断题。上文提到了Bissell(比塞尔)写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章，然后画线词所在句提到他的访问最终涉及的事远不止这个，因而才有了Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia这本书。由此可知，画线词that指的是“写有关咸海的文章”。故选D。 6. （2024年全国甲卷B篇）Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it! Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3? A. Perform appropriately. B. Move faster. C. Act strangely. D. Do better. 【答案】D 【解析】词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词前半句“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit,  (狗以其令人印象深刻的抓取习惯而闻名)”和后句“Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. (许多猫会在外面随意找到一些东西，并把它们带给主人。)”可知，狗以取回东西而闻名，但猫可以从外边找到东西带回来，因此在这一行为上更上一层楼。短语take ... up a notch是用来形容猫在带回东西这一行为上做得更好或更出色。故选D。 7. （2024年新高考II卷D篇）Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. If read by someone poorly educated. B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C. If written by someone less competent. D. If translated by someone unacademic. 【答案】C 【解析】词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. (这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的，如果别人写这本书的话可能就不是这样了，推测划线短语表示 “如果是由能力较差的人写的”。故选C项。 ( 24 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 词义猜测题 目录 1 .考情分析 2 2. 必备知识 考点一 题型分析 知识点1 选项规律………………………………………………………………………………………2 知识点2 得分技巧……………………………………………………………………………………………3 知识点3 分析题型……………………………………………………………………………………………..4 考点二 句意猜词题…………………………………………………………………………5 考点三 单词或短语猜测题………………………………………………………………………………………….6 考点四 代词猜测题…………………………………………………………………………………………..10 3.真题练习 1.名校模拟…………………………………………………………………………….15 2.真题练习……………………………………………………………………………21 1.考情分析 年份 卷别 题数 2024 新高考I卷 28 新高考II卷 32 全国甲卷 26 2023 新高考I卷 29 新高考II卷 30 全国甲卷 24 全国乙卷 34 2022 新高考I卷 30 新高考II卷 24、30 全国甲卷 28 全国乙卷 29 2.必备知识 考点一 题型分析 知识点1 选项规律 干扰选项； 1. 构词法干扰，指片面的从构词法角度猜测、思考，不考虑上下文语境，望词生义； 2. 句子解释中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般是错误选项。 3. 拘泥于字面意思，根据所学过的熟词意义常时考生觉得画线词义背过而忽略上下文主观臆断。 正确选项特征 释义 逻辑通顺 内容上与词或短语所在的句子、段落有关，符合上下文逻辑； 代词查询 代词指代有时与上文距离较远，需要对前文内容进行总结才能得出结论； 本意延伸 真实含义与其字面意思无关，在原义的基础上进行延伸或拓展； 接近原意 采取转述、举例或列举等表达方式，与原句意思最接近。 知识点2 得分技巧 1. 根据构词法进行猜测。构词法是猜测生词含义的重要依据，根据构词法猜测出的词义一般比较接近单词的真实意思，准确度较高。近三年高考阅读文本中出现了派生词、合成词，且没有给出注解，考生需要利用构词法理解其含义，因此，利用构词法猜词的方法考生仍需要掌握。 2.根据同位关系进行猜测。阅读中出现的难词有时下文紧跟一个同位语，对上文的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对上文或下文的词义或短语意义进行猜测。 3. 根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。 4. 根据因果关系进行猜测。表示因果关系的词如because,since,for,as,thus,therefore,consequently,hence,due to,owing to,thanks to,on account of,result in, result from,so,as a result,for this reason,accordingly,so...that...,such...that...等。在文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。 5. 根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。根据上下句的连接词，如but，however，otherwise等可知上下句存在转折关系，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。 6. 根据举例推测词义。有时，划线部分后会根由一些具体的例子，这些例子可以帮助考试理解该词的词义。线索词such as, such...as, for example, for instance, like , including, especially等。 7. 根据标点符号猜测词义。这类标点符号通常为括号、冒号、破折号、逗号等。 8. 根据同义词、近义词或反义词猜测词义。同义词、近义词或反义词往往有and, or, but, however等信息词作暗示。 知识点3 分析题型 分析近三年新高考卷及全国卷考查词义猜词的题目可知，对短语的考查与对生词的考查都有所涉及，短语已经不再限制于由课标词组成的短语了，出现了非课标词。无论是直接的词义猜测题，还是阅读篇章中需要理解的生词，都可运用逻辑关系、上下文、生活常识、文化背景、构词法等来猜测其含义。因此，在阅读过程中，考生需要结合语境，联系上下文进行猜测。此外，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对提高阅读能力都有非常重要的意义。 整体分布：要求考生能够对文章中的某个生词、熟词(熟词生义)、短语或句子进行理解并选出准确的意思，或者确定原文中某个代词的指代含义。 难度分析：上下文中涉及的派生词、合成词难度加大突出对考生灵活运用语言的能力的考查；这对考生的语言运用能力提出了更高的要求。 考查内容：常见题目类型包括代词指代题、单词或短语猜测题、句意猜测题。 考点二 句意猜测题 1：返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系分析。 2：理解句子的前后特定语境，然后根据语境对此句在文中的意思进行有依据的推理，一般来说，正确选项的意思和原句的意思完全相同，只不过是用其他的词汇或句式来转换表达而已。 3：备选项代入原文，与上下文进行整体嵌入，遵循逻辑，得出答案。 典例1. （2024高三·全国·专题练习）We both started looking for jobs right away, but there weren’t any to be found. With each passing day we were getting increasingly worried and we continued to work together in order to pull our family through. The more we pulled together, the closer we got. I felt feelings of admiration for my husband that I hadn’t felt in years. The underlined sentence in the second paragraph means that ________. A．they became closer as they struggled together B．they hoped to find jobs in the same company C．both of them had the courage to face difficulty D．they were trying to make their relationship closer 2. （2024·天津·模拟） Even our fathers dropped their tools and joined us. Our mothers took their turn, laughing like schoolgirls. I think we were all beside ourselves. Parents forgot their duty and their dignity; children forgot their everyday fights and little jealousies. "Perhaps it's like this in the kingdom of heaven," I thought confusedly. It was growing dark before we all walked sleepily back to the house. I suppose we had some sort of supper. I suppose there must have been surface tidying-up, for the house on Sunday looked clean and orderly enough. The strange thing was, we didn't mention that day afterward. I felt a little embarrassed. Surely none of the others had been as excited as I. I locked the memory up in that deepest part of me where we keep "the things that cannot be and yet they are." By "we were all beside ourselves," the writer means that they all _________. A．felt confused B．looked on C．went wild with joy D．forgot their fights 3. （2024高三·全国·专题练习）“As with all things, the secret to managing your finances like an adult is a constant strive for balance,” Waters says. “Have fun along the way, but don’t let the tail wag the dog.” What do the underlined words “don’t let the tail wag the dog” in the last paragraph mean? A．Don’t bite the hand that feeds you. B．Don’t put the cart before the horse. C．Don’t do one thing under the cover of another D．Don’t count the chicken before they are hatched. 4. （2024高三·全国·专题练习）Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can disappear if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for being lazy, you might even be shocked and angry. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”, with the assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance (不满). But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well. What does the underlined statement “it is all too monkey” mean in the first paragraph? A．Disliking unfairness is also monkeys’ nature. B．Monkeys have a reputation for laziness. C．Monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other. D．No animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions. 考点三 单词或短语猜测题 1. 审读题干，提取关键信息； 2.速读定位原文信息句，将试题信息与原文信息进行语义转换； 3.逐一核对选项，仔细辨别，得出答案。 解题技巧; 做这一类题时一定要留意： 1. 由表及里的正确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或者观点代替作者的思想观点。 2. 特殊留意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情、态度、观点的词语。要特殊留意作者在文章中的措词，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。 高频同义转换；名词 circumstance=environment=atmosphere creation=innovation comment=remark=review(make a comment on)data=statistics colleague=coworker direction=discipline=guideline essay=passage=article=text experiment=trial 动词； overuse=abuse reject=refuse=turn down=decline receive=accept see=observe=notice=spot search=explore connect=link=relate=associate explode=blow out discourage=frustrate rent=hire prove=turn out remove=get rid of admire=appreciate possess=own decide=determine=resolve to do get= obtain= acquire= gain= possess 形容词副词 authentic=true=genuine thrilling=frightening thrilled=excited average=ordinary=common=universal time-honored=has a long history dull=boring daring=brave extra=additional glad=pleased=delighted touched=moved significant=vital=key=essential=primary=elementary accessible=available=at hand appropriate=proper=suitable appealing=attractive immediately=quickly=at once=in rarely=hardly=seldom approximately=about=nearly=almost=practically complex=complicated safe=secure 高频短语 get ready for=be prepared for focus on =concentrate on transform A into B=turn A into B in the long term=in the long run in...sense=in a way=to some degree=at some point hold on to=insist take action=take measures=take steps to keep in touch with=contact in some respect=to some degree=at some point deal with=cope with=handle with=address at the same time=meanwhile on the spot=on the scene be proud of=take pride in as a matter of fact=in fact=to tell you the truth head into=leave for arrive at=reach=get to=approach in spite of=despite from one’s perspective=from one’s point of view try doing=attempt to be filled with=be charged with=be full of prefer to do A rather than do B prefer A to B prefer doing A to doing B run into=come across take the place of=replace come into effect=put...into practice/use from time to time=once in a while be caught in=be trapped in consist of =be made up of for a moment=for a while a collection of =a series of figure out=find out bright up=light up roll around=turn up give...a lecture=deliver a speech draw one’s attention=attract one’s attention be desperate for=desire for=be thirsty for in favor of=favorable 1.（2024年浙江省二模试题） ...... I think that we shouldn’t forget that we shouldn’t train our students for today or tomorrow; we should train them for 10 to 20 years from now. Because then they will be the innovators in our society, and they will be the persons that make a difference. Train our students for future means that they have to be able to surpass the border of our current knowledge. This is what I mean with playground. I mean that you have sufficient space to think, to discover and to be free to make mistakes, but in particular to make the next steps, be creative and not limited by what should be done. A lot of things happen by accident and suddenly you get a major breakthrough or new insight. Schools should encourage students to ask questions and be creative. What does “plavground” mean to Bernard Feringa? A．An area for physical activities. B．An area for extra-curricular experiments. C．An area for bold exploration. D．An area for academic improvements. 2.（广东省S7高质量发展联盟2024年高三联考） Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.” What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7? A．Improve. B．Oppose. C．Begin. D．Evaluate. 3. （2024·河南郑州·二模） “Travelling to the Arctic leaves an unforgettable impression on the visitor. Its vast expanse and the fragility of its environment are two things that really blow away people,” said Cheryl Rosa, the director of the US Arctic Research Commission. The underlined part “blow away” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”. A．defeat B．affect C．move D．impress 4. （2024·湖北高中名校大联考）...... That’s wrong. Recitation allows students to experience a text as a living thing, ready to be taken up by a new generation. Committing a poem or speech to memory means stepping into the author’s shoes and pondering what he meant. Deciding which words to stress when reciting means thinking about what those words mean. What does the underlined word “pondering” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Learning from. B．Reflecting on. C．Bringing out. D．Arguing against. 考点四 代词猜测题 1.审读题干，判断代词(it, one, they, this, that, these, those, which等)或助动词(do, does, did 等)具体指代词的含义，如指代单数、复数、指人，物，还是一件事等。。 2.返回原文，找到指代词→向上(有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词，短语或句子。 3.将找到的词、词组或句子代入替代该指代词，看意思和逻辑关系是否通顺，从而确定最佳选项。 1. （2024·福建福州·三模）These conservation efforts have taken different forms. In Beijing, a near-ruined temple was transformed into a restaurant and gallery, while in Nanjing, a cinema from the 1930s was restored to its original form, with some additions providing it for modern use. In 2019, Shanghai welcomed Tank Shanghai, an arts center built in renovated（重修的）oil tanks. What does the underlined word “it” in Para. 4 refer to? A．All original form. B．A new addition. C．A cinema. D．A temple. 2.（2024·湖北黄冈·一模）French children 15 and under will no longer be allowed to bring smart devices to school. Lawmakers in France voted recently to ban all phones, tablets, and other Internet-connected devices from school grounds. The ban will start in September, “These days, the children don't play at break time anymore,” Jean-Michel Blanquer, France's education minister, said. “They are just all in front of their smartphones, and from an educational point of view, that's a problem. Some strict measures must be taken immediately.” A 2010 law bad already banned smartphones during "all teaching activity" in France. But the new rules say smartphones and tablets are not allowed even during breaks. Students who bring these digital devices to school have to keep them in their backpacks and turned off, If they want to call their parents, schools will help. However, the new law doesn’t forbid students to turn to them during extra-curricular activities. It also makes an exception for disabled students. What does the underlined word "them" in paragraph 1 refer to? A．Disabled students. B．Digital devices. C．Backpacks. D．Students' parents. 3. （2023年湖北武汉校考练习）Cory’s shearwaters are long-lived, rarely producing young successfully before age nine. This leaves an opening for learning and practice to develop their migration patterns. Researchers call this the “exploration-refinement”, and until now it has been hypothetical (假设的) because of difficulties in tracking migratory animals’ movements. What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．The opening for learning and practice. B．The unique living habit of Cory’s shearwaters. C．The way Cory’s shearwaters form their migration patterns. D．The process scientists track Cory’s shearwaters’ movements. 1. 3.真题练习 1. 名校模拟 1.（2024·江西省重点中学·模拟） The 36-year-old from Shanghai has broken the glass ceiling to become one of China’s first two female rescue helicopter pilots who respond to search and rescue missions involving cargo ship snags(货船遇险), vessel accidents, medical emergencies and special marine operations. The demanding nature of the profession had always favored male candidates until the rules were changed for the first and only time. She says, “Rescue at sea can be both challenging and terrifying. If you don’t think and act fast, people may die.” What do the underlined words “broken the glass ceiling” probably mean? A．Winning wide praise. B．Making a personal breakthrough. C．Disobeying rules of her career. D．Breaking barriers preventing women’s advancement. 2.（2024·重庆沙坪坝·模拟） To avoid conflicts, organizers have fenced in beaver-related projects. The beavers are not permitted to wander freely beyond the fences. The government has also put together a beaver management strategy framework, which advises communication and listening, in an effort to clear up misunderstandings and concerns. When beavers do cause issues, available options will be provided, including modifying the dams, reducing water levels, or relocating the animals. What does the underlined word “concerns” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．Worries about related costs. B．Doubts about beavers’ safety. C．Fears for species extinction. D．Anxieties over river pollution. 3. （2024·江苏省兴化中学·模拟） “Children are affected by the same time crunch that affects their parents,” says Sandra Hofferth, who headed the recent study of children’s timetable. A chief reason, she says, is that more mothers are working outside the home. (Nevertheless, children in both double-income and “male breadwinner” households spent comparable amounts of time interacting with their parents 19 hours and 22 hours respectively. In contrast, children spent only 9 hours with their single mothers.) What does the underlined phrase “the same time crunch” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Children have little time to play with their parents. B．Both parents and children suffer from lack of leisure time. C．Children are not taken good care of by their working parents. D．Both parents and children have trouble managing their time. 4.（2024高三·全国·专题练习） Allcove provides fully staffed safe spaces for teens and young adults to discuss and deal with their health, both mental and physical. Dr. Steven Adelsheim, a psychiatrist, who created the Allcove in 2014, said, “There is a crying need in the U.S. to reach kids with early intervention and help.” Sometimes a kid may come in with a physical complaint, and only after a few visits is the mental suffering brought out into the open. When that happens, Alcove can make a “warm handoff” to a mental health specialist onsite. Success, say Adelsheim and Cox, would mean the establishment of hundreds of Allcove centers up and down the state and, eventually, around the country. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph mean? A．The sense of mental suffering. B．Involvement of health experts. C．Complaints about physical suffering. D．The pressing call for assistance. 5. （2024·江苏高三·模拟预测）Despite public health campaigns to highlight the many problems with sugary drinks, we drink them by the liters, about 42 liters per person a year. But, not everyone consumes them. Two new studies throw light on the fact that some of us are more vulnerable to the harms of sugary drinks than others. “Some of us are more vulnerable” underlined in paragraph 1 refers to people who ______. A．never drink soft drinks B．drink less soft drinks C．drink more soft drinks D．produce soft drinks 6. （2024·北京·三模） Modem technology has changed this. Either man will abolish war, or war will abolish man. For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may, before long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will never be done until we have succeeded in abolishing war. To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way, not as contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is most skillful in killing people, but by arbitration (通过仲裁) in accordance with agreed principles of law. It is not easy to change very old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Men, as well as war, will have to make the ultimate choice between the two. B．Modern technology has empowered man to choose whether to have war or not. C．At least 6,000 years later, man has finally decided to abandon war once and for all. D．People will eventually destroy themselves if they choose to go to war at modern times. 7. （2024·北京师大附中·模拟）Don’t put it off, do it now! Overcoming procrastination finally comes down to planning, which, if you’re not careful, becomes procrastination in itself. But it is worth making sure you have everything in place. “Successful people don’t pretend they don’t procrastinate,” Dr. Steel says. “People who pretend they have willpower are less successful.” Instead, plan for procrastination: make your work environment a temple of productivity by cutting out what stops you paying your attention, so you can really focus on moving forward. What does the author do by saying the underlined sentence? A．Encourage the reader to develop plans effectively. B．Advise the reader to deal with complex tasks quickly. C．Warn the reader against spending too long getting organized. D．Remind the reader to take the time to focus properly on a task. 8. （2024高三·全国·专题练习）Last year, after a winter of practicing skiing on the green tracks for beginners each week, Alicia was french-frying her way down blues and even attempted her first black. That month also witnessed me visiting the mountain more times than in the 15 years combined and I’ve got myself a partner for life. ...... What does the father imply by saying “I’ve got myself a partner for life.”? A．It is rewarding to learn new skills. B．Skiing has become his lifelong hobby. C．He will explore more with his daughter. D．His daughter will accompany him forever. 9. （2024·河北·一模）California’s Water Resources Control Board recently approved new regulations in a unanimous (一致同意的) vote — toilet or shower wastewater will be recycled and pumped into the public drinking water system. In 2023, more than 97% of California has been in moderate to severe drought, while water suppliers are struggling to keep up. A 2022 water supply and demand report indicated that around 18% of water suppliers were at risk of facing potential shortages. “The reality is that anyone out there on Mississippi River and on Colorado River, and anyone out there taking drinking water downstream is already drinking ‘toilet to tap’,” said Esquivel, a director of the Board. Early in the 1990s, the state was struggling to overcome the distaste its residents had toward drinking recycled water. Their efforts fizzled out when the phrase “toilet to tap” caught on and met with fierce resistance. The idea became too unpopular to be implemented. Despite the negative name, the regulations are the key to ensuring the supply of drinking water. California’s new regulations would let water agencies to treat wastewater, and then put it back into the drinking water system. It has taken officials more than 10 years to develop these regulations, a process that included several studies by independent groups of scientists. To put the scheme into effect and build huge water recycling plants, however, water agencies say they will need to prove to people that recycled water is not only safe to drink but also under monitoring. The new regulations require the wastewater be treated for all bacteria and viruses. In fact, the treatment is so intense that it removes all of the minerals that make fresh drinking water taste good. That means the minerals need to be added back at the end of the process. “What we have here are standards, science, and importantly monitoring that allow us to have safe pure water, and probably better in many instances,” said Esquivel. He added that it takes time and money to build these treatment centers. So, they will only be available for bigger cities at first. 1．What is the purpose of paragraph 2? A．To highlight the current severe climate crisis in California. B．To describe the role of California’s new water regulations. C．To reveal the distribution of water resources in California. D．To show the urgency of water supply reform in California. 2．What does the underlined phrase “fizzled out” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Failed. B．Worked. C．Stood out. D．Paid off. 3．What is critical for water agencies to conduct the recycling wastewater project? A．Policies from the government. B．The recognition by the public. C．Scientific research on wastewater. D．The construction of recycling plants. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The minerals will be preserved in the treatment. B．The treatment centers will be built in rural areas. C．The recycled water seems to be of better quality. D．Bacteria will be produced in the treating process. 10（2024高三·全国·专题练习）The mission lifted off from China on Nov. 23 and landed on the moon on Dec. l. Videos from Chinese media showed the lander’s robotic arm hard at work during its short shift on another world. During its stay, Chang'e 5 also sent back images of a lunar plain of relatively young volcanic moon rock. The image shows both distant hills and how the feet of the lander dug into the soft surface of the moon as it touched down. Enlarging the foot of the lander in particular providers a real sense of the dry, desert-like lunar surface. When the samples were collected, they have been the first pieces of the moon to be returned to our planet since the 1970s. What do the underlined words "another world" in paragraph 4 refer to? A．The Earth. B．A spaceship. C．Chang'e 5. D．The Moon 2. 真题练习 1. （2024年新高考I卷C篇）When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice. 2. （2023年全国甲卷B篇） Terri Boltonis a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1? A．An artist. B．A winner. C．A specialist. D．A pioneer. 3. （2023年浙江卷1月B篇） Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon. What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph? A．Share an apartment with you. B．Join you in what you’re doing. C．Transform your way of living. D．Help you to make the decision. 4. （2022年全国乙卷C篇） That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Personnel safety. B．Assistance from drones. C．Inspection and repair. D．Construction of infrastructure. 5. （2020年新高考I卷C篇） In the mid­1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea. His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24­year­old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Developing a serious mental disease. B．Taking a guided tour in Central Asia. C．Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. D．Writing an article about the Aral Sea. 6. （2024年全国甲卷B篇）Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it! Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3? A. Perform appropriately. B. Move faster. C. Act strangely. D. Do better. 7. （2024年新高考II卷D篇）Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. If read by someone poorly educated. B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C. If written by someone less competent. D. If translated by someone unacademic. ( 18 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$