Unit5Working the Land-2025届高考英语重点知识背诵及真题专项练习（人教版2019选择性必修第一册）

UNIT 5　WORKING THE LAND 一、背单词 背课标单词 阅读单词一遍过 1.be regarded as "Father of Hybrid Rice" 被视为是“杂交水稻之父” 2. tackle future challenges 应对未来挑战 3.face a financial crisis 面临财政危机 4. conventional approaches 传统方法 5.generate electricity 发电 6.intense competition 激烈的竞争 7.sweep with a broom 用扫帚扫地 8.America’s grain exports美国的谷物出口 9.a railway tunnel 一条铁路隧道 10.chemical fertilizer 化学肥料 11.alleviate loneliness 减轻孤独 12.chemical pesticide 化学农药 13.kill the bacterium杀死细菌 14.run a small grocery store 经营一家小食品杂货店 核心单词三遍熟 1.tackle vt. 解决（难题）；应付（局面）；处理 2.boost v 使增长；使兴旺 n. 增长 ；提高；激励 3.yield n. 产量 ；产出 vt. 出产 （作物）；产生（收益、效益等） vi. 屈服 ；让步 4. attain vt. （通常经过努力）获得；得到 5.intense adj. 热切 的；十分强烈的；激烈的 6. overcome vt. (overcame, overcome) 克服；解决；战胜 7.output n. 产量 ；输出；输出量 vt. （output，output）输出 9.generate vt. 产生 ；引起 10.leisure n.闲暇；休闲 11soil n. 泥土；土壤；国土；领土 12.vision n. 想象；视力；视野；影像 13.widespread adj. 分布广的；普遍的；广泛的 14.digest vt.&.vi. 消化 vt.领会；领悟 n.摘要；文摘 15.essential adj.完全必要的；及其重要的 16.mineral n.矿物；矿物质 17.instance n.例子；实例；事例 18. alternative n.可供选择的事物adj.可供替代的；非传统的 19.root n.根；根茎；根部；根源 20.aspect n.方面；层面 拓展单词寻规记 1．devote vt．把......献（给）；把......专用于；专心于→devotion n.奉献；忠诚；挚爱 2．shortage n．不足；缺少；短缺→short adj．短的；矮的；缺乏的；简略的→shorten v.（使）变短；缩短 3．convince vt．使相信；使确信；说服→convincing adj．有说服力的；使人信服的→convinced adj.确信的；坚信的 4． assumption n．假定；设定；（责任的）承担；（权力的）获得→assume v.假定；设想→assuming conj.假定；假设 5．expand vt．＆vi．扩大；增加 vt．扩展；发展（业务）→expansion n.扩大；扩张；扩充 6．consumption n．消耗；消耗量；消费→consume vt．消耗；消费；吃；喝→consumer n.消费者；用户；客户 7．salty adj．含盐的；咸的→salt n．盐 8．extension n．扩建部分；扩大；电话分机→extend vt．伸开；展开；延伸 9．chemical adj．与化学有关的；化学的 n．化学制品；化学品→chemistry n.化学→chemically adv.化学上地→chemist n.化学家；药剂师 10．nutritional adj．营养（物）的→nutritious adj．有营养的；营养丰富的→nutrition n.营养；滋养 11．depth n．向下（或向里）的距离；深（度）→deep adj．深的→deeply adv.深深地；强烈地→deepen vt.加深；（使）变深 12．entirely adv．全部地；完整地；完全地→entire adj．全部的；完全的 新高考词汇·规则速记 规则 例词 形容词后缀­y表示口感、味道或环境等 ①salt食盐→salty含盐的；咸的　　②taste味道→tasty美味的　　　③juice果汁→juicy多汁的 ④smell味道→smelly难闻的 ⑤dust灰尘→dusty布满灰尘的 ⑥noise噪音→noisy吵闹的 ⑦dirt尘土→dirty脏的 ⑧mess凌乱→messy凌乱的 ⑨mud泥→muddy泥泞的 ⑩sand沙→sandy铺满沙子的；含沙的 背热考单词 1．devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于 背重点 背写作佳句 1)devote one's time/energies/life to (doing) sth. 　　　　　把某人的时间/精力/生命奉献于(做)某事 devote oneself to (doing) sth. 献身于(做)某事；致力于(做)某事 2)be devoted to (doing) sth. 专心于(做)某事；奉献于(做)某事 3)devotion n. 奉献；忠诚；挚爱 devoted adj. 挚爱的；全心全意的；忠诚的 ①Responsible and devoted to community work, he is praised by the people around. 他负责任，致力于社区工作，受到了周围人的称赞。 ②I still remember what you have devoted to improving my oral English and writing skills. 我仍然记得您为提高我的英语口语和写作能力所付出的努力。 2.convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服 背重点 背写作佳句 1)convince sb. to do sth.　　　　说服某人做某事 convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事 convince sb. that ... 使某人相信…… 2)be convinced of sth./that ... 确信(某事)…… ①I want to convince them of my enthusiasm for the job. 我想使他们相信我对这份工作的热爱。 ②I am convinced that with our joint efforts we can undoubtedly get good results.我相信，在我们的共同努力下，我们无疑能够取得好的结果。 3.assumption n.假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得 背重点 背写作佳句 1)make an assumption　　　作出臆断 on the assumption that ... 假定…… 2)assume sb./sth.(to be/as)＋adj./n. 假定/认为某人/某事为…… It is generally assumed that ... 人们普遍认为…… assuming (that) ... 假设…… Assuming/On the assumption that I am elected chairman, I will organize more colorful after­class activities to enrich our school life. 假设我当选主席，我将组织更多丰富多彩的课外活动来丰富我们的学校生活。(申请信) 4.estimate vt.估计；估价；估算　n．估计；估算 背重点 背写作佳句 be estimated to be/have 　　　估计是/有 estimate that 估计…… It is estimated that ... 据估计…… Windy though it was that day, we arrived at the castle which was estimated to be 700 years old.尽管那天风很大，我们还是到达了这座估计有700年历史的城堡。(短文) 5.expand vt.& vi.扩大；增加　vt. 扩展；发展(业务) 背重点 背写作佳句 expand into 　　　　　　　　发展成；扩展到 expand on/upon 详细阐述；详述 expand one's knowledge/horizons 拓展知识/开阔视野 We took part in a voluntary activity last Friday, which expanded our horizons． 我们上周五参加了一个志愿者活动，该活动开阔了我们的视野。(活动介绍) 6.alternative n. 可供选择的事物　adj.可供替代的；非传统的 背重点 背写作佳句 1)have no alternative/choice but to do sth. 　 　　　　　除做……外，别无选择；只能做…… an alternative to ... ……的替代品 2)alternatively adv. 或者；作为另外选择(或可能) From my point of view, we have no alternative/choice but to face failure bravely and learn from it. 就我个人看来， 我们只能勇敢地直面失败并从中吸取教训。(读后续写主旨升华) 二、背词块 第一组　核心短语 　　　　　　　　　　 1．devote...to 把……用于；献身；致力；专心于 2．be comprised of 包括；包含；由……组成(或构成) 3．deep down 在内心深处；本质上；实际上 4．in turn 相应地；转而；依次；轮流 5．for instance 例如；比如 6．fulfil one's dreams 实现某人的梦想 7．focus on 关注 8．turn to 转向；求助于 第二组　课文词块 1．work the land 在田间工作 2．nowhere near 完全没有，远不及 3．be rich in nutrition 富有营养 4．pursue a dream 追求梦想 5．a serious shortage of food 食物严重短缺 6．receive an education 接受教育 7．tackle this crisis 解决这场危机 8．overcome enormous technical difficulties 克服巨大的技术困难 9．receive numerous awards both in China and abroad 在国内外获奖无数 10．a life of leisure 悠闲的生活 11．far from the case 远非如此 12．care little for celebrity or money 不关心名利或金钱 13．make large donations to support agricultural research 捐款支持农业研究 14．fulfil his dreams 实现他的梦想 15．switch to organic farming 转向有机农业 16．keep their soil rich and free of disease 保持土壤肥沃，远离疾病三、背好句好段——增分写作 1．句型公式：given that...考虑到…… 教材原句：Given that Yuan's hybrids made him quite wealthy, one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure. 考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。 经典佳句：Given that we students need more exercise, our school organized a cross­country running race last Sunday. 考虑到我们学生需要更多的锻炼，我校上周日组织了一次越野赛跑。 2.句型公式：not only...but also 教材原句：For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones. 例如，农药在杀死有害细菌和昆虫的同时，也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。 经典佳句：A positive attitude towards entertaining English activities beyond classroom not only enables them to improve English learning effectively, but also relieves them from the study burden. 对课外英语娱乐活动持积极的态度，不仅可以使他们有效地提高英语学习，而且可以减轻学习负担。[2022·全国乙卷书面表达] 3.句型公式：what引导主语从句 教材原句：However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. 然而，他最担忧的是农民们的收成不好，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。 经典佳句：What impresses me most is that my uncle will always motivate me to stick to my dream whenever I come across difficulties. 给我留下深刻印象的是，每当我遇到困难，我的叔叔都会激励我坚持我的梦想。 基础练习 Ⅰ词形转换 1.（2023·全国乙卷）However， we did not mark the route so we ended up almost missing the sunset 　entirely　 （entire）. 2.Finally， her childhood dream had become a 　reality　 （real），and Catalina knew that nothing was impossible as long as she kept chasing her dreams. 3.Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different 　depths　 （deep） of soil to help keep it rich. 4.　Devoting　 all his life to educating his 　devoted　 students， the old teacher was admired for his 　devotion　 to the education cause.（devote） Ⅱ动词的形式变化和固定用法 1.Tom adjusted to his new school and 　overcame　 （overcome） his shyness， thus 　boosting　 （boost） his confidence. 2.As the educator puts it， 　expanding　 （expand） your knowledge by reading more books is a wise choice. 3.It 　is estimated　 （estimate） that the project will last four years， 　generating　 （generate） a lot of interest. 4.It is essential that he 　（should） get　 （get） some reliable information before making inferences. 5.　What　 was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality. Ⅲ熟词新义 1.For those who hunger for some peace and quiet， sound can now create silence.　　vi.渴望　 2.I will never yield to the temporary difficulties I am facing now.　　vi.屈服；让步　 3.Her parents were overcome with great sadness at the funeral.　　vt.受到……的极大影响　 Ⅳ应用文写作——祝贺信——祝贺机器人制作比赛获奖 练单句： 1.得知你在全国机器人制作比赛（the National Robot-Making Competition）中获得第一名，我很高兴，我迫不及待地向你表示衷心的祝贺。 　Glad to learn you have won first place in the National Robot-Making Competition， I can’t wait to offer my sincere congratulations to you.　 2.你的机器人太神奇了，它对农民有很大的帮助。 　So amazing is your robot that it can be of great help to farmers.　（so ...that ...； 倒装句） 3.假设你的机器人投入使用，农民将无需在收获期解决工人短缺的问题。 　Assuming your robot is put into use， farmers will not have to tackle a shortage of workers during the harvest.　（assuming； tackle； shortage） 4.它可以在不同的天气条件下工作，从而使农民完全摆脱疲劳和担忧。 　It can work under different weather conditions， thus keeping farmers entirely free of tiredness and worries.　（entirely；分词作状语） 5.我相信它将提高效率和产量。 　I am convinced that the robot will boost efficiency and yields.　（convinced； boost） 6.你应该获得这个奖。希望你取得更大的进步。 　You deserve to attain the prize.Hope you’ll make greater progress.　（attain） 组语篇： Dear Paul， 　Glad to learn you have won first place in the National Robot-Making Competition， I can’t wait to offer my sincere congratulations to you.　 　So amazing is your robot that it can be of great help to farmers.Assuming your robot is put into use， farmers will not have to tackle a shortage of workers during the harvest.Better still， it can work under different weather conditions， thus keeping farmers entirely free of tiredness and worries.I am convinced that the robot will boost efficiency and yields. 　You deserve to attain the prize.Hope you’ll make greater progress.　 Yours， Li Hua Ⅴ读后续写——父亲看到安妮回到家，困惑地上下打量着她…… 按要求完成下列句子： 1.安妮的父亲听到门把手转动的声音，向门那边看去。 　Anne’s father turned his eyes to the door　 when he heard the handle turning. 2.看到安妮进来，他困惑地上下打量着她。 　Eyeing Anne come in， he eyed her up and down， confused.　 （eye用作动词，形容词作状语） 3.他眯起眼睛，思忖着她发生了什么事。 　He narrowed his eyes　， wondering what had happened to her. 4.她蓝色的眼睛里满是泪水，却留意着父亲的神情。 　Though her blue eyes were full of/filled with tears， she kept an eye on her father’s expression.　（让步状语从句） 5.安妮直视父亲的眼睛，告诉了他真相。 　Anne looked her father in the eye and told him the truth.　 6.得知真相后他紧闭双眼，咬了咬嘴唇，泪水滑下脸颊。 　Learning the truth， he squeezed his eyes shut　 and bit his lip， with tears running/rolling/streaming/flowing down his cheeks.（分词作状语） 将以上各句合并成小短文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇： 　　　Anne’s father turned his eyes to the door when he heard the handle turning.Eyeing Anne come in， he eyed her up and down， confused.Then， he narrowed his eyes， wondering what had happened to her.Though her blue eyes were full of/filled with tears， she kept an eye on her father’s expression.Anne looked her father in the eye and told him the truth.Learning the truth， he squeezed his eyes shut and bit his lip， with tears running/rolling/streaming/flowing down his cheeks.　 能力提高 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A [2024·河北省衡水中学高三上学期四调]On the day he almost died，Kimbal Musk had food on the brain. The Internet startup talent and restaurateur had just arrived in Jackson Hole from a conference where chef Jamie Oliver had spoken about the benefits of healthy eating. This made Musk think a lot—how he might make a difference to the food industry—but beyond expanding his farm­to­table movement along with his restaurant，Musk hadn't yet broken the code. Then he went sailing down a snowy slope(坡) and fell over，breaking his neck. The left side of his body was paralyzed(不能活动的). Musk eventually made a full recovery， but it involved spending two months on his back， which gave him plenty of time to come up with a plan. Since then，he has launched an initiative to put “learning gardens” in public schools across America，and attracted Generation Z to the farming profession by changing shipping containers into high­tech，data­driven，year­round farms； and this year， he is kicking off a new campaign to create one million at­home gardens. Aimed at reaching low­income families， the Million Gardens Movement was inspired by the pandemic(流行病)，as both a desire to feel more connected to nature and food insecurity have been at the forefront of so many people's lives. “We were getting a lot of inquiries about gardening from people that had never gardened before，” says Musk. “People were looking to gardens for a bunch of reasons： to supplement their budget， to improve the nutritional quality of their diets，or just to cure the boredom that came with the lockdown.” The program offers free garden kits that can be grown indoors or outdoors，and will be distributed through schools that Musk's non­profit， Big Green，has already partnered with. It also offers free courses on how to get the garden growing and fresh seeds and materials for the changing growing seasons. “I grew up in the projects when I was young，in what we now call food deserts，” says EVE，one of the many celebrities who have teamed up with the organization to encourage people to pick up a free garden. “What I love about this is that it's not difficult. We are all able to grow something.” 1．What inspired Musk to be devoted to food industry？ A．An accident. B．Jamie Oliver's speech. C．The pandemic. D．The farm­to­table movement. 2．What can we learn about the Million Gardens Movement？ A．It has mainly attracted young generations. B．It has just accomplished its target. C．It may be stimulated by a lack of food security. D．It increases economic burdens for the poor. 3．Which of the following best describes Musk？ A．Charitable. B．Honest. C．Flexible. D．Strict. 4．Why is EVE taken as an example？ A．To demonstrate the program to be non­profit. B．To share his experience in a food desert. C．To encourage people to start a free garden. D．To clarify the reason why he loves a garden. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Musk在受到Jamie Oliver的启发后，启动百万菜园活动，鼓励和教授人们自己种植食物，从而吃得更健康。 1.答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段“The Internet startup talent and restaurateur had just arrived in Jackson Hole from a conference where chef Jamie Oliver had spoken about the benefits of healthy eating. This made Musk think a lot”可知，Jamie Oliver激发了Musk投身于食品行业的想法。 2.答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段“the Million Gardens Movement was inspired by the pandemic， as both a desire to feel more connected to nature and food insecurity have been at the forefront of so many people's lives”可知，这个运动可能是由食品安全问题推动的。 3.答案与解析：A　推理判断题。根据全文可知，Musk为低收入家庭创立免费的家庭菜园项目，表明他具有慈善精神。 4.答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据最后一段“says EVE， one of the many celebrities who have teamed up with the organization to encourage people to pick up a free garden. ‘What I love about this is that it's not difficult. We are all able to grow something.’”可知，用EVE作为例子是为了鼓励人们开始种植免费菜园。 B [2024·湖南省名校联合体高三第二次联考]At Sho Farm in northern Vermont，farmers Melissa Hoffman and Shawn Smith work hand in hand with the land and its inhabitants，and among them are hundreds of ducks. The ducks at Sho Farm are not being raised to be killed for food. Rather，they are naturally involved in farming operations，helping to manage pests and add fertilizer (肥料) to the soil. In the beginning，Hoffman，who has a background in organic farming and ecology action， worked with ecologists and biologists to survey the plants and wildlife all around the area. This was “to understand who was living here，so that everything we did was in relationship to the life already here，” he says. So，at Sho Farm，focus is placed on living harmoniously alongside other life and working with traditional ecological knowledge. Food is seen not as a commodity (商品) but as a relationship with land and life. The methods of food production at Sho Farm，as well as the farmers' philosophy of working with rather than against nature，are in sharp contrast to most modern agricultural systems. And that's the point. “We've been talking a lot about the broken food system and the consequences of it to the environment， wildlife，to the animals in animal agriculture and to human health，” says Hoffman，adding that it's not just the food system that's broken. “It's the relationship between humans，non­human animals，land and nature.” The ducks play a vital，integrated role on the farm，explains Hoffman，by naturally providing pest control，fertilizer and (fuel­free) land maintenance (维护)，just as by­products of their existence. “We noticed that where we summered groups of ducks and parts of the food system were not doing very well. The following year，the food system was efficiently improved，” he says. It's a symbiotic relationship that works well. “Animals don't have to be part of a farm in a commodity sense. They can be part of the farm as a partner，” Hoffman says. “They are wonderful partners.” 5．Why did Hoffman do a survey in the beginning？ A．To get familiar with the surroundings. B．To have a good relationship with other people. C．To live in harmony with other life on the farm. D．To have a good understanding of organic farming. 6．What does the author intend to explain in Paragraph 4？ A．The causes of the broken food system. B．The reasons for Hoffman's farming methods. C．The changes in modern agricultural systems. D．The process of food production at Sho Farm. 7．What does “a symbiotic relationship” in the last paragraph imply？ A．Animals are treated well at Sho Farm. B．Animals are not to be sold for money. C．People and animals play the same role in organic farming. D．People and animals work together and benefit each other. 8．Which of the following best describes the farming at Sho Farm？ A．Efficient. B．Modern. C．Natural. D．Economical. B 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是在佛蒙特州北部的Sho Farm的一种农业经营方式，该农场里的鸭子自然地参与农业经营之中。 5.答案与解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This was ‘to understand who was living here， so that everything we did was in relationship to the life already here，’ he says.”可知，一开始Hoffman做调查的目的是了解谁住在这里，他们所做的一切与这里的生命相关，也就是说他们是为了与农场上的其他生命和谐相处。 6.答案与解析：B　主旨大意题。根据第四段可知，Sho Farm的食品生产方法与现代的农业体系形成对比，这就是问题的关键，结合下文中所讲述的现代的农业体系中存在的问题可知，本段主要是分析了霍夫曼耕作方法的原因。 7.答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据尾段中的“‘Animals don't have to be part of a farm in a commodity sense. They can be part of the farm as a partner，’ Hoffman says. ‘They are wonderful partners.’” 霍夫曼认为，动物可以作为合作伙伴成为农场的一部分，也就是说人类可以与动物一起合作，互惠互利，这就是共生的意义。 8.答案与解析：C　推理判断题。根据首段中的“The ducks at Sho Farm are not being raised to be killed for food. Rather， they are naturally involved in farming operations， helping to manage pests and add fertilizer (肥料) to the soil.”可知，鸭子参与到农业经营中，帮助管理害虫和向土壤施肥，结合倒数第二段中的“The ducks play a vital， integrated role on the farm， explains Hoffman， by naturally providing pest control， fertilizer and (fuel­free) land maintenance (维护)， just as by­products of their existence.”可知，鸭子在Sho Farm上起着至关重要的作用，他们自然地提供了害虫防治、废料和土地维护，由此可知，“自然的”可以描述在Sho Farm上的农业经营。故选C项。 Ⅱ.完形填空 [2024·衡水中学高三考前冲刺卷]Recently I was very busy and I needed a timeout. So I decided to drive to the supermarket and pick up dinner instead of doing my usual __1__. In the supermarket， I took fat and juicy chicken and some warm cornbread. As the cashier began processing my items， I __2__ my bag for my credit card. However， I realized my wallet was not there. In __3__， I told the cashier I had left my money at home and apologized sincerely， offering to __4__ my items to where I __5__ them. Just at that moment the supermarket owner appeared， saying “Please， take everything home and __6__ the dinner. It's on the house tonight！” I tried to __7__ the lovely offer but he __8__ a dark chocolate bar near the counter and said， “Here！ Take this， too！” His act of __9__ lifted everybody present. I thanked him __10__ for making my day. When I approached home， as I __11__ into my driveway， I saw my next­door neighbor had just mowed my lawn (草坪). He was putting on the finishing touches， clearing the cut grass. Feeling __12__， I jumped out of my car and asked him how much he wanted for his __13__， to which he replied，“Nothing at all. The lawn needed doing.” He __14__ me off summarily as he returned to his home. A second scoop of good __15__ had landed in my lap， which again reminded me kindness is everywhere in the world. 1．A.walking B．cooking C．shopping D．teaching 2．A.reached into B．stared at C．put aside D．watched over 3．A.anger B．amazement C．satisfaction D．embarrassment 4．A.clear B．show C．pack D．return 5．A.bought B．put C．took D．ate 6．A.enjoy B．prepare C．donate D．deliver 7．A.appreciate B．withdraw C．decline D．ensure 8．A.looked at B．picked up C．showed off D．put away 9．A.courage B．generosity C．faith D．bravery 10．A.hurriedly B．curiously C．hesitantly D．sincerely 11．A.searched B．dug C．crashed D．pulled 12．A.regretful B．excited C．nervous D．energetic 13．A.efforts B．talent C．guidance D．goods 14．A.sent B．drove C．waved D．turned 15．A.appetite B．deal C．fortune D．reputation Ⅱ.完形填空 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者开车到超市去买晚饭，结账时作者发现自己没有带钱。超市的老板让作者把东西带走，不让作者付钱。当作者回到家，作者又看到邻居刚刚修剪了他的草坪。这一切让作者知道善良无处不在。 1.答案与解析：B　句意：所以我决定开车去超市买晚饭，而不是像往常一样做饭。根据空格前的“So I decided to drive to the supermarket ”可知，作者决定开车去超市买晚饭，而不再像往常一样做饭。 2.答案与解析：A　句意：当收银员开始处理我的物品时，我把手伸进包里拿信用卡。根据空格后的“my bag for my credit card”可知，作者一定是把手伸进包里拿信用卡。 3.答案与解析：D　句意：尴尬中，我告诉收银员我把钱落在家里了，并真诚地道歉，提出要把我拿的东西放回到原来的地方。根据上一句“However， I realized my wallet was not there. ”可知，作者没有带钱包，所以作者一定感到尴尬。 4.答案与解析：D　根据句意和下文的“my items to where I．..”可知，因为没带卡作者一定是提出把自己拿的商品放回原处。 5.答案与解析：C　根据空格前的“offering to __4__ my items to where I．..”可知，作者一定是提出把自己拿的商品放回原处。 6.答案与解析：A　根据第一段的“So I decided to drive to the supermarket and pick up dinner”和空格前的“Please， take everything home”可知，作者在超市买的就是晚餐，所以超市老板一定是让作者把东西带回家，好好享用晚餐。 7.答案与解析：C　根据空格前的tried to和空格后的but可知，作者一定是想拒绝老板的好意。 8.答案与解析：B　句意：我试图拒绝这个美好的提议，但他拿起柜台附近的一块黑巧克力说：“给！ 把这个也拿去！”根据下文的“Here！ Take this， too！”可知，老板一定是把巧克力拿起来递给作者。 9.答案与解析：B　根据上文的内容可知，作者没有带钱包，老板不让作者付钱就带走商品，所以老板很慷慨。 10.答案与解析：D　根据空格后的“making my day”可知，老板的慷慨让作者很开心，作者真诚地感谢老板。 11.答案与解析：D　句意：当我回到家，把车开进车道时，我看到我隔壁的邻居刚刚修剪了我的草坪。根据空格后的“into my driveway”可知，作者把车开进车道。 12.答案与解析：B　根据上文的句子“I saw my next­door neighbor had just mowed my lawn”可知，作者的邻居帮助作者修剪了草坪，作者肯定为此感到兴奋。 13.答案与解析：A　根据上文的句子“I saw my next­door neighbor had just mowed my lawn”可知，作者的邻居帮助作者修剪了草坪，所以作者想为邻居付出的努力付钱。 14.答案与解析：C　根据空格后的off和“as he returned to his home”可知，邻居和作者挥手告别。 15.答案与解析：C　句意：又一好运落在我身上，这再次提醒我，善良无处不在。根据上文的内容可知，作者接连遇到了两件好事——超市老板让他免费把食物带回家，邻居无偿为他修剪草坪。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ UNIT 5　WORKING THE LAND 一、背单词 背课标单词 阅读单词一遍过 1.be regarded as "Father of Hybrid Rice" 被视为是“杂交水稻之父” 2. tackle future challenges 应对未来挑战 3.face a financial crisis 面临财政危机 4. conventional approaches 传统方法 5.generate electricity 发电 6.intense competition 激烈的竞争 7.sweep with a broom 用扫帚扫地 8.America’s grain exports美国的谷物出口 9.a railway tunnel 一条铁路隧道 10.chemical fertilizer 化学肥料 11.alleviate loneliness 减轻孤独 12.chemical pesticide 化学农药 13.kill the bacterium杀死细菌 14.run a small grocery store 经营一家小食品杂货店 核心单词三遍熟 1.tackle vt. 解决（难题）；应付（局面）；处理 2.boost v 使增长；使兴旺 n. 增长 ；提高；激励 3.yield n. 产量 ；产出 vt. 出产 （作物）；产生（收益、效益等） vi. 屈服 ；让步 4. attain vt. （通常经过努力）获得；得到 5.intense adj. 热切 的；十分强烈的；激烈的 6. overcome vt. (overcame, overcome) 克服；解决；战胜 7.output n. 产量 ；输出；输出量 vt. （output，output）输出 9.generate vt. 产生 ；引起 10.leisure n.闲暇；休闲 11soil n. 泥土；土壤；国土；领土 12.vision n. 想象；视力；视野；影像 13.widespread adj. 分布广的；普遍的；广泛的 14.digest vt.&.vi. 消化 vt.领会；领悟 n.摘要；文摘 15.essential adj.完全必要的；及其重要的 16.mineral n.矿物；矿物质 17.instance n.例子；实例；事例 18. alternative n.可供选择的事物adj.可供替代的；非传统的 19.root n.根；根茎；根部；根源 20.aspect n.方面；层面 拓展单词寻规记 1．devote vt．把......献（给）；把......专用于；专心于→devotion n.奉献；忠诚；挚爱 2．shortage n．不足；缺少；短缺→short adj．短的；矮的；缺乏的；简略的→shorten v.（使）变短；缩短 3．convince vt．使相信；使确信；说服→convincing adj．有说服力的；使人信服的→convinced adj.确信的；坚信的 4． assumption n．假定；设定；（责任的）承担；（权力的）获得→assume v.假定；设想→assuming conj.假定；假设 5．expand vt．＆vi．扩大；增加 vt．扩展；发展（业务）→expansion n.扩大；扩张；扩充 6．consumption n．消耗；消耗量；消费→consume vt．消耗；消费；吃；喝→consumer n.消费者；用户；客户 7．salty adj．含盐的；咸的→salt n．盐 8．extension n．扩建部分；扩大；电话分机→extend vt．伸开；展开；延伸 9．chemical adj．与化学有关的；化学的 n．化学制品；化学品→chemistry n.化学→chemically adv.化学上地→chemist n.化学家；药剂师 10．nutritional adj．营养（物）的→nutritious adj．有营养的；营养丰富的→nutrition n.营养；滋养 11．depth n．向下（或向里）的距离；深（度）→deep adj．深的→deeply adv.深深地；强烈地→deepen vt.加深；（使）变深 12．entirely adv．全部地；完整地；完全地→entire adj．全部的；完全的 新高考词汇·规则速记 规则 例词 形容词后缀­y表示口感、味道或环境等 ①salt食盐→salty含盐的；咸的　　②taste味道→tasty美味的　　　③juice果汁→juicy多汁的 ④smell味道→smelly难闻的 ⑤dust灰尘→dusty布满灰尘的 ⑥noise噪音→noisy吵闹的 ⑦dirt尘土→dirty脏的 ⑧mess凌乱→messy凌乱的 ⑨mud泥→muddy泥泞的 ⑩sand沙→sandy铺满沙子的；含沙的 背热考单词 1．devote vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于 背重点 背写作佳句 1)devote one's time/energies/life to (doing) sth. 　　　　　把某人的时间/精力/生命奉献于(做)某事 devote oneself to (doing) sth. 献身于(做)某事；致力于(做)某事 2)be devoted to (doing) sth. 专心于(做)某事；奉献于(做)某事 3)devotion n. 奉献；忠诚；挚爱 devoted adj. 挚爱的；全心全意的；忠诚的 ①Responsible and devoted to community work, he is praised by the people around. 他负责任，致力于社区工作，受到了周围人的称赞。 ②I still remember what you have devoted to improving my oral English and writing skills. 我仍然记得您为提高我的英语口语和写作能力所付出的努力。 2.convince vt.使相信；使确信；说服 背重点 背写作佳句 1)convince sb. to do sth.　　　　说服某人做某事 convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事 convince sb. that ... 使某人相信…… 2)be convinced of sth./that ... 确信(某事)…… ①I want to convince them of my enthusiasm for the job. 我想使他们相信我对这份工作的热爱。 ②I am convinced that with our joint efforts we can undoubtedly get good results.我相信，在我们的共同努力下，我们无疑能够取得好的结果。 3.assumption n.假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得 背重点 背写作佳句 1)make an assumption　　　作出臆断 on the assumption that ... 假定…… 2)assume sb./sth.(to be/as)＋adj./n. 假定/认为某人/某事为…… It is generally assumed that ... 人们普遍认为…… assuming (that) ... 假设…… Assuming/On the assumption that I am elected chairman, I will organize more colorful after­class activities to enrich our school life. 假设我当选主席，我将组织更多丰富多彩的课外活动来丰富我们的学校生活。(申请信) 4.estimate vt.估计；估价；估算　n．估计；估算 背重点 背写作佳句 be estimated to be/have 　　　估计是/有 estimate that 估计…… It is estimated that ... 据估计…… Windy though it was that day, we arrived at the castle which was estimated to be 700 years old.尽管那天风很大，我们还是到达了这座估计有700年历史的城堡。(短文) 5.expand vt.& vi.扩大；增加　vt. 扩展；发展(业务) 背重点 背写作佳句 expand into 　　　　　　　发展成；扩展到 expand on/upon 详细阐述；详述 expand one's knowledge/horizons 拓展知识/开阔视野 We took part in a voluntary activity last Friday, which expanded our horizons． 我们上周五参加了一个志愿者活动，该活动开阔了我们的视野。(活动介绍) 6.alternative n. 可供选择的事物　adj.可供替代的；非传统的 背重点 背写作佳句 1)have no alternative/choice but to do sth. 　 　　　　　除做……外，别无选择；只能做…… an alternative to ... ……的替代品 2)alternatively adv. 或者；作为另外选择(或可能) From my point of view, we have no alternative/choice but to face failure bravely and learn from it. 就我个人看来， 我们只能勇敢地直面失败并从中吸取教训。(读后续写主旨升华) 二、背词块 第一组　核心短语 　　　　　　　　　　 1．devote...to 把……用于；献身；致力；专心于 2．be comprised of 包括；包含；由……组成(或构成) 3．deep down 在内心深处；本质上；实际上 4．in turn 相应地；转而；依次；轮流 5．for instance 例如；比如 6．fulfil one's dreams 实现某人的梦想 7．focus on 关注 8．turn to 转向；求助于 第二组　课文词块 1．work the land 在田间工作 2．nowhere near 完全没有，远不及 3．be rich in nutrition 富有营养 4．pursue a dream 追求梦想 5．a serious shortage of food 食物严重短缺 6．receive an education 接受教育 7．tackle this crisis 解决这场危机 8．overcome enormous technical difficulties 克服巨大的技术困难 9．receive numerous awards both in China and abroad 在国内外获奖无数 10．a life of leisure 悠闲的生活 11．far from the case 远非如此 12．care little for celebrity or money 不关心名利或金钱 13．make large donations to support agricultural research 捐款支持农业研究 14．fulfil his dreams 实现他的梦想 15．switch to organic farming 转向有机农业 16．keep their soil rich and free of disease 保持土壤肥沃，远离疾病三、背好句好段——增分写作 1．句型公式：given that...考虑到…… 教材原句：Given that Yuan's hybrids made him quite wealthy, one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure. 考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。 经典佳句：Given that we students need more exercise, our school organized a cross­country running race last Sunday. 考虑到我们学生需要更多的锻炼，我校上周日组织了一次越野赛跑。 2.句型公式：not only...but also 教材原句：For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones. 例如，农药在杀死有害细菌和昆虫的同时，也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。 经典佳句：A positive attitude towards entertaining English activities beyond classroom not only enables them to improve English learning effectively, but also relieves them from the study burden. 对课外英语娱乐活动持积极的态度，不仅可以使他们有效地提高英语学习，而且可以减轻学习负担。[2022·全国乙卷书面表达] 3.句型公式：what引导主语从句 教材原句：However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. 然而，他最担忧的是农民们的收成不好，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。 经典佳句：What impresses me most is that my uncle will always motivate me to stick to my dream whenever I come across difficulties. 给我留下深刻印象的是，每当我遇到困难，我的叔叔都会激励我坚持我的梦想。 基础练习 Ⅰ词形转换 1.（2023·全国乙卷）However， we did not mark the route so we ended up almost missing the sunset _____________ （entire）. 2.Finally， her childhood dream had become a _____________ （real），and Catalina knew that nothing was impossible as long as she kept chasing her dreams. 3.Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different ___________ （deep） of soil to help keep it rich. 4._____________ all his life to educating his __________ students， the old teacher was admired for his ____________ to the education cause.（devote） Ⅱ动词的形式变化和固定用法 1.Tom adjusted to his new school and ___________ （overcome） his shyness， thus __________ （boost） his confidence. 2.As the educator puts it， ____________ （expand） your knowledge by reading more books is a wise choice. 3.It _____________ （estimate） that the project will last four years， ____________ （generate） a lot of interest. 4.It is essential that he _____________ （get） some reliable information before making inferences. 5.____________ was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality. Ⅲ熟词新义 1.For those who hunger for some peace and quiet， sound can now create silence.　___________ 2.I will never yield to the temporary difficulties I am facing now.　______________________ 3.Her parents were overcome with great sadness at the funeral.　_______________________ Ⅳ应用文写作——祝贺信——祝贺机器人制作比赛获奖 练单句： 1.得知你在全国机器人制作比赛（the National Robot-Making Competition）中获得第一名，我很高兴，我迫不及待地向你表示衷心的祝贺。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.你的机器人太神奇了，它对农民有很大的帮助。 __________________________________________________________（so ...that ...； 倒装句） 3.假设你的机器人投入使用，农民将无需在收获期解决工人短缺的问题。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________（assuming； tackle； shortage） 4.它可以在不同的天气条件下工作，从而使农民完全摆脱疲劳和担忧。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________（entirely；分词作状语） 5.我相信它将提高效率和产量。 ______________________________________________________________（convinced； boost） 6.你应该获得这个奖。希望你取得更大的进步。 ____________________________________________________________________（attain） 组语篇： Dear Paul， _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua Ⅴ读后续写——父亲看到安妮回到家，困惑地上下打量着她…… 按要求完成下列句子： 1.安妮的父亲听到门把手转动的声音，向门那边看去。 _________________________________________ when he heard the handle turning. 2.看到安妮进来，他困惑地上下打量着她。 ____________________________________________________（eye用作动词，形容词作状语） 3.他眯起眼睛，思忖着她发生了什么事。 ___________________________， wondering what had happened to her. 4.她蓝色的眼睛里满是泪水，却留意着父亲的神情。 _______________________________________________________________________________（让步状语从句） 5.安妮直视父亲的眼睛，告诉了他真相。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 6.得知真相后他紧闭双眼，咬了咬嘴唇，泪水滑下脸颊。 ____________________________________________________ and bit his lip， with tears running/rolling/streaming/flowing down his cheeks.（分词作状语） 将以上各句合并成小短文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇： 　　__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 能力提高 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A [2024·河北省衡水中学高三上学期四调]On the day he almost died，Kimbal Musk had food on the brain. The Internet startup talent and restaurateur had just arrived in Jackson Hole from a conference where chef Jamie Oliver had spoken about the benefits of healthy eating. This made Musk think a lot—how he might make a difference to the food industry—but beyond expanding his farm­to­table movement along with his restaurant，Musk hadn't yet broken the code. Then he went sailing down a snowy slope(坡) and fell over，breaking his neck. The left side of his body was paralyzed(不能活动的). Musk eventually made a full recovery， but it involved spending two months on his back， which gave him plenty of time to come up with a plan. Since then，he has launched an initiative to put “learning gardens” in public schools across America，and attracted Generation Z to the farming profession by changing shipping containers into high­tech，data­driven，year­round farms； and this year， he is kicking off a new campaign to create one million at­home gardens. Aimed at reaching low­income families， the Million Gardens Movement was inspired by the pandemic(流行病)，as both a desire to feel more connected to nature and food insecurity have been at the forefront of so many people's lives. “We were getting a lot of inquiries about gardening from people that had never gardened before，” says Musk. “People were looking to gardens for a bunch of reasons： to supplement their budget， to improve the nutritional quality of their diets，or just to cure the boredom that came with the lockdown.” The program offers free garden kits that can be grown indoors or outdoors，and will be distributed through schools that Musk's non­profit， Big Green，has already partnered with. It also offers free courses on how to get the garden growing and fresh seeds and materials for the changing growing seasons. “I grew up in the projects when I was young，in what we now call food deserts，” says EVE，one of the many celebrities who have teamed up with the organization to encourage people to pick up a free garden. “What I love about this is that it's not difficult. We are all able to grow something.” 1．What inspired Musk to be devoted to food industry？ A．An accident. B．Jamie Oliver's speech. C．The pandemic. D．The farm­to­table movement. 2．What can we learn about the Million Gardens Movement？ A．It has mainly attracted young generations. B．It has just accomplished its target. C．It may be stimulated by a lack of food security. D．It increases economic burdens for the poor. 3．Which of the following best describes Musk？ A．Charitable. B．Honest. C．Flexible. D．Strict. 4．Why is EVE taken as an example？ A．To demonstrate the program to be non­profit. B．To share his experience in a food desert. C．To encourage people to start a free garden. D．To clarify the reason why he loves a garden. B [2024·湖南省名校联合体高三第二次联考]At Sho Farm in northern Vermont，farmers Melissa Hoffman and Shawn Smith work hand in hand with the land and its inhabitants，and among them are hundreds of ducks. The ducks at Sho Farm are not being raised to be killed for food. Rather，they are naturally involved in farming operations，helping to manage pests and add fertilizer (肥料) to the soil. In the beginning，Hoffman，who has a background in organic farming and ecology action， worked with ecologists and biologists to survey the plants and wildlife all around the area. This was “to understand who was living here，so that everything we did was in relationship to the life already here，” he says. So，at Sho Farm，focus is placed on living harmoniously alongside other life and working with traditional ecological knowledge. Food is seen not as a commodity (商品) but as a relationship with land and life. The methods of food production at Sho Farm，as well as the farmers' philosophy of working with rather than against nature，are in sharp contrast to most modern agricultural systems. And that's the point. “We've been talking a lot about the broken food system and the consequences of it to the environment， wildlife，to the animals in animal agriculture and to human health，” says Hoffman，adding that it's not just the food system that's broken. “It's the relationship between humans，non­human animals，land and nature.” The ducks play a vital，integrated role on the farm，explains Hoffman，by naturally providing pest control，fertilizer and (fuel­free) land maintenance (维护)，just as by­products of their existence. “We noticed that where we summered groups of ducks and parts of the food system were not doing very well. The following year，the food system was efficiently improved，” he says. It's a symbiotic relationship that works well. “Animals don't have to be part of a farm in a commodity sense. They can be part of the farm as a partner，” Hoffman says. “They are wonderful partners.” 5．Why did Hoffman do a survey in the beginning？ A．To get familiar with the surroundings. B．To have a good relationship with other people. C．To live in harmony with other life on the farm. D．To have a good understanding of organic farming. 6．What does the author intend to explain in Paragraph 4？ A．The causes of the broken food system. B．The reasons for Hoffman's farming methods. C．The changes in modern agricultural systems. D．The process of food production at Sho Farm. 7．What does “a symbiotic relationship” in the last paragraph imply？ A．Animals are treated well at Sho Farm. B．Animals are not to be sold for money. C．People and animals play the same role in organic farming. D．People and animals work together and benefit each other. 8．Which of the following best describes the farming at Sho Farm？ A．Efficient. B．Modern. C．Natural. D．Economical. Ⅱ.完形填空 [2024·衡水中学高三考前冲刺卷]Recently I was very busy and I needed a timeout. So I decided to drive to the supermarket and pick up dinner instead of doing my usual __1__. In the supermarket， I took fat and juicy chicken and some warm cornbread. As the cashier began processing my items， I __2__ my bag for my credit card. However， I realized my wallet was not there. In __3__， I told the cashier I had left my money at home and apologized sincerely， offering to __4__ my items to where I __5__ them. Just at that moment the supermarket owner appeared， saying “Please， take everything home and __6__ the dinner. It's on the house tonight！” I tried to __7__ the lovely offer but he __8__ a dark chocolate bar near the counter and said， “Here！ Take this， too！” His act of __9__ lifted everybody present. I thanked him __10__ for making my day. When I approached home， as I __11__ into my driveway， I saw my next­door neighbor had just mowed my lawn (草坪). He was putting on the finishing touches， clearing the cut grass. Feeling __12__， I jumped out of my car and asked him how much he wanted for his __13__， to which he replied，“Nothing at all. The lawn needed doing.” He __14__ me off summarily as he returned to his home. A second scoop of good __15__ had landed in my lap， which again reminded me kindness is everywhere in the world. 1．A.walking B．cooking C．shopping D．teaching 2．A.reached into B．stared at C．put aside D．watched over 3．A.anger B．amazement C．satisfaction D．embarrassment 4．A.clear B．show C．pack D．return 5．A.bought B．put C．took D．ate 6．A.enjoy B．prepare C．donate D．deliver 7．A.appreciate B．withdraw C．decline D．ensure 8．A.looked at B．picked up C．showed off D．put away 9．A.courage B．generosity C．faith D．bravery 10．A.hurriedly B．curiously C．hesitantly D．sincerely 11．A.searched B．dug C．crashed D．pulled 12．A.regretful B．excited C．nervous D．energetic 13．A.efforts B．talent C．guidance D．goods 14．A.sent B．drove C．waved D．turned 15．A.appetite B．deal C．fortune D．reputation 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$