专题04 精选 七选五20篇【考题猜想】-2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期末考点大串讲（外研版2019）

高二上学期期末考点大串讲 精选七选五20 篇 1 （24-25高二上·四川内江·期中）Making good eye contact is a surprisingly difficult yet important part of good communication skills. If you want to improve your ability to look people in the eye, you can practice making eye contact on your own to give the right impression in conversations. 1 Try to relax as much as possible. The more you think about what you’re doing, the more awkward you’ll feel. Your nervousness can then be misinterpreted as dishonesty. 2 If you’re going into an important meeting or interview, do some breathing exercises. A few big, full, deep breaths can do a lot to calm you down. 3 It’s actually physically somewhat difficult to keep your eyes locked on both of another person’s eyes. It’s more common to focus on one, or on a spot on the face, rather than trying to look at both eyes at once. If it helps, try moving back and forth between the two eyes. Break your gaze (凝视) to make other gestures while listening. 4 This looks natural as well as providing you with a needed break if necessary. Try to keep your eyes focused while you talk as well as listen. It’s one thing to look while you’re listening. 5 Don’t be afraid if you have to break your gaze occasionally, but try to keep your face and eyes forward and up as you’re talking. A．Focus on one eye. B．Practice other good listening skills. C．So staying relaxed is of particular importance. D．Try to keep your eyes open as much as possible. E．Doing so can make you a better listener and a more effective speaker. F．It’s good to break eye contact when you’re laughing, or to nod and smile. G．But it’s more difficult to keep eye contact while you’re also trying to say something. 【答案】1．E 2．C 3．A 4．F 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何在交流中做好眼神交流，包括放松自己、专注于一只眼睛、在倾听时移开视线以及说话和倾听时都要尽量保持眼神专注等技巧。 1．由上文“Making good eye contact is a surprisingly difficult yet important part of good communication skills. If you want to improve your ability to look people in the eye, you can practice making eye contact on your own to give the right impression in conversations. (良好的眼神交流是良好沟通技巧中非常困难却又重要的一部分。如果你想提高与人对视的能力，你可以自己练习眼神交流，以便在对话中给人留下正确的印象。)”可知，本空要说跟“练习眼神交流的好处”有关的话题，故E选项“Doing so can make you a better listener and a more effective speaker. (这样做可以让你成为一个更好的倾听者和更有效的演讲者)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选E。 2．由上文“Try to relax as much as possible. The more you think about what you’re doing, the more awkward you’ll feel. Your nervousness can then be misinterpreted as dishonesty. (尽量放松。你越想自己在做什么，你就会觉得越尴尬。你的紧张可能会被误解为不诚实。)”可知，本空应谈论“不要紧张，要放松”有关的话题，故C选项“So staying relaxed is of particular importance. (因此，保持放松尤为重要。)”能承接上文，符合语境。故选C。 3．由下文“It’s actually physically somewhat difficult to keep your eyes locked on both of another person’s eyes. It’s more common to focus on one, or on a spot on the face, rather than trying to look at both eyes at once. If it helps, try moving back and forth between the two eyes. (实际上，从生理上讲，你很难同时盯着另一个人的眼睛。更常见的做法是盯着一只眼睛，或者盯着脸上的某个地方，而不是同时盯着两只眼睛。如果有帮助的话，试着在两只眼睛之间来回移动。)”可知，本空应谈论与“专注于一只眼睛”有关的话题，故A选项“Focus on one eye. (专注于一只眼睛。)”能引起下文，符合语境。故选A。 4．由上文“Break your gaze (凝视) to make other gestures while listening. (在倾听的时候，把目光移开，做出其他手势。)”可知，本空应谈论与“把目光移开，做出其他手势”有关的话题，故F选项“It’s good to break eye contact when you’re laughing, or to nod and smile. (当你笑的时候，或者点头微笑的时候，移开视线是好的)”能承接上文，符合语境，该选项中的“break eye contact”与上文“Break your gaze”相呼应。故选F。 5．由上文“Try to keep your eyes focused while you talk as well as listen. It’s one thing to look while you’re listening. (当你说话和听的时候，尽量让你的眼睛集中。)”可知，在说话和倾听时都要尽量保持眼神专注，且由下文“Don’t be afraid if you have to break your gaze occasionally, but try to keep your face and eyes forward and up as you’re talking. (如果你不得不偶尔打断你的目光，不要害怕，但在你说话的时候，试着让你的脸和眼睛向前和向上。)”可知，本空要谈论“保持眼神专注的困难”有关的话题，故G选项“But it’s more difficult to keep eye contact while you’re also trying to say something (但是当你也想说些什么的时候，保持眼神交流就更难了)”能承上启下，符合语境，该选项中的“keep eye contact”与上文“keep your eyes focused”相呼应，且“more difficult”与上文形成转折关系，突出了说话的同时保持眼神交流更难。故选G。 2 （24-25高二上·河北沧州·阶段练习）On the whole, the fashion industry as we know it is an environmental nightmare (噩梦). In 2018, it was responsible for 2.31 billion tons of greenhouse gas emissions (排放物), as well as serious water pollution. 1 . But we can be more thoughtful in our shopping practices and reduce our own footprints with some small but impactful changes. Go second-hand 2 . But you don’t have to search through the offerings at your local second-hand store. Newer online platforms (平台) like Depop, and luxury resellers The Real Real and Vestiaire Collective — along with more established marketplaces like eBay and Etsy — make the treasure hunt easy at home. Rent instead of buying Renting clothes for everyday occasions, once an unfamiliar idea, has now become widely accepted. 3 , according to market research firm IMARC Group, and is projected to hit $2.08 billion by 2025. Choose slow fashion Much of the waste in the clothing industry results from the rise of fast fashion. Brands (品牌) like Zara and H&M use speedy production methods and cheap labor to keep stores freshly supplied with enormous amounts of cheaply made products. 4 . They often produce fewer collections and prioritize (优先考虑) sustainable production practices. 5 Before buying something, research the brand online to find out more about its sourcing and producing practices, as well as its social responsibility efforts. However, be aware that some brands are open to this while others are not. A．Ask the right questions. B．Wash your clothes safely. C．We can’t shop our way out of the climate crisis. D．Some brands are slowly changing their practices. E．If you prefer to buy new clothes, consider choosing “slow” fashion brands. F．Shopping second-hand is a great way to give a second life to a piece of clothing. G．The global clothing renting market was estimated to be worth $1.26 billion in 2019. 【答案】1．C 2．F 3．G 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些可以减少我们对环境影响的购物方式。 1．上文“On the whole, the fashion industry as we know it is an environmental nightmare (噩梦). In 2018, it was responsible for 2.31 billion tons of greenhouse gas emissions (排放物), as well as serious water pollution.(总的来说，我们所知的时尚业是环境噩梦。2018年，它排放了23.1亿吨温室气体，并造成了严重的水污染)”说明时尚业对环境造成了严重破坏，C选项“We can’t shop our way out of the climate crisis.(我们无法通过购物摆脱气候危机)”承接上文，进一步指出我们无法通过购物来解决时尚业带来的环境问题，句中“shop our way”照应上文“the fashion industry”，上下文语意衔接自然。故选C项。 2．根据小标题“Go second-hand (买二手商品)”可知，本段建议买二手商品。F选项“Shopping second-hand is a great way to give a second life to a piece of clothing.(购买二手商品是给一件衣服第二次生命的好方法)”承接上文，说明原因，下文“But you don’t have to search through the offerings at your local second-hand store.(但你不必在当地的二手商店里搜索商品)”就具体做法作出说明，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。 3．下文“according to market research firm IMARC Group, and is projected to hit 2.03 billion by 2025.(据市场研究公司IMARC集团的数据，预计到2025年将达到20.3亿美元)”提供了关于服装租赁市场规模的数据，G选项“The global clothing renting market was estimated to be worth 1.26 billion in 2019.(据估计，2019年全球服装租赁市场的价值为12.6亿美元)”也提供了相关数据，与下文构成并列关系，共同说明服装租赁市场的规模和发展趋势。故选G项。 4．上文“Much of the waste in the clothing industry results from the rise of fast fashion. Brands like Zara and H&M use speedy production methods and cheap labor to keep stores freshly supplied with enormous amounts of cheaply made products.(服装业的大部分浪费都源于快时尚的兴起。像Zara和H&M这样的品牌使用快速的生产方式和廉价劳动力，使商店不断有大量廉价产品供应)”说明快时尚品牌造成了大量浪费，D选项“Some brands are slowly changing their practices.(一些品牌正在慢慢改变他们的做法)”与上文构成转折关系，指出并非所有品牌都如此，有些品牌正在改变做法，下文“They often produce fewer collections and prioritize sustainable production practices.(他们通常生产的系列更少，并优先考虑可持续的生产方式)”是对这些品牌的具体做法的说明，上下文衔接自然。故选D项。 5．设空处是段首小标题。根据下文“Before buying something, research the brand online to find out more about its sourcing and producing practices, as well as its social responsibility efforts.(在购买之前，先在网上研究一下这个品牌，以了解更多关于它的采购和生产方式，以及它的社会责任努力)”可知，本段建议在购买前对品牌进行深入了解。A选项“Ask the right questions.(问正确的问题)”是对下文建议的概括，即要通过问问题来了解品牌信息。故选A项。 3 （24-25高二上·陕西渭南·阶段练习）How to Protect Wildlife Wildlife faces threats from habitat destruction (毁坏栖息地), pollution, and other human actions. Although protecting wildlife may seem too hard at times, even small actions can help protect many different animals. Protecting wildlife from being endangered is every family’s duty. 1 ●Create wildlife friendly areas. When trying to make your garden more beautiful, choose plants that can provide food and shelter to native wildlife. 2 Build bird houses to your garden or yard to attract and shelter these species. ● 3 By using less water and fewer fuels (燃料), you will be helping to protect the wildlife around you. Take buses or the subway when you can and turn off electric products when you’re not using them. ●Buy products that are wildlife-friendly. 4 Keep in mind that some endangered animals are killed by traps, catches or hunters who are after other wildlife within the same habitat. ● 5 Population growth is one of the major reasons in habitat destruction. With the rapidly growing population, more and more habitats for wildlife are used by humans. — Each family should be limited two children per family. In this way, the Earth’s population will stabilize (稳定) and native habitats can be protected. A．Limit family size. B．Live a greener life. C．Write letters to a local newspaper. D．Donate money to organizations. E．Here are some instructions. F．This will also help cut down on pollution. G．Avoid products that are made from endangered animals. 【答案】1．E 2．F 3．B 4．G 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了野生动物面临着来自栖息地破坏、污染和人类其他活动的威胁，保护野生动物是每个家庭的责任，然后通过罗列要点的方式，详细地说明了保护野生动物的具体方法。 1．根据上文“Protecting wildlife from being endangered is every family’s duty. (保护野生动物免受威胁是每个家庭的职责。)”可知，下文会讲述保护野生动物的方法，与E项“Here are some instructions. (这里有一些指导。)”上下文一致，承上启下，故选E项。 2．根据上文“Create wildlife friendly areas. When trying to make your garden more beautiful, choose plants that can provide food and shelter to native wildlife. (创建野生动物友好区。当你试图让你的花园更美丽时，请选择可以为本地野生动物提供食物和住所的植物。)”可知，创建野生动物友好区对野生动物有好处，与F项“This will also help cut down on pollution. (这也将有助于减少污染。)”表示创建野生动物友好区的另外的好处，上下文一致，符合文意，故选F项。 3．根据下文“By using less water and fewer fuels (燃料), you will be helping to protect the wildlife around you. Take buses or the subway when you can and turn off electric products when you’re not using them. (通过使用更少的水和燃料，你将有助于保护你周围的野生动物。在可能的情况下乘坐公共汽车或地铁，并且在不使用电器产品时将其关闭。)”可知，本段内容主要是关于通过节约用水、节约燃料、乘坐公共交通、及时关闭电器等方式来保护环境，B项“Live a greener life. (过上更环保的生活。)”总领下文，主旨一致。故选B项。 4．根据上文“Buy products that are wildlife-friendly. (购买对野生动物友好的产品。)”可知，应避免使用濒危动物制成的产品，与G项“Avoid products that are made from endangered animals. (避免使用由濒危动物制成的产品。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选G项。 5．根据下文“Population growth is one of the major reasons in habitat destruction. With the rapidly growing population, more and more habitats for wildlife are used by humans. —Each family should be limited two children per family. In this way, the Earth’s population will stabilize (稳定) and native habitats can be protected. (人口增长是栖息地破坏的主要原因之一。随着人口的快速增长，越来越多的野生动物栖息地被人类利用。—每个家庭应该限制两个孩子。这样，地球的人口就会稳定下来，自然栖息地也会得到保护。)”可知，应限制每个家庭的生育数量，与A项“Limit family size. (限制家庭规模。)”上下文一致，符合文意，故选A项。 4 （24-25高二上·广东佛山·阶段练习）The idea of Leave No Trace (痕迹) might seem unimportant until you consider the combined effects-of millions of outdoor visitors. One poorly located campsite may have little significance. 1 . Leaving no trace is everyone’s responsibility, and here are some Leave No Trace tips for visitors to lessen their impact as much as possible. Plan ahead and prepare. Arranging an-outdoor activity is necessary for leaving no trace and it makes the trip more enjoyable. 2 . For example, if you weren’t prepared for rain while camping, you might need to construct a structure out of natural materials, thereby impacting the landscape. Leave what you find. Allow others a sense of discovery, and preserve (保护) the past. Leave rocks, plants, animals, and other objects as you find them. You especially shouldn’t touch or move native species away from the location, or you may possibly harm their habitats or spread them to non-native locations. 3 Respect wildlife. Quick movements and loud noises cause stress for animals. 4 They observe wildlife distantly to avoid disturbing (打扰) them. Keep garbage and food away from animals so they will not develop bad habits. They know the importance of keeping wildlife wild. 5 . Pack it in; pack it out. This simple yet effective saying encourages visitors to take their rubbish home with them. It makes sense to carry out of the wilderness the extra materials taken there by your group or others. Examine your campsite and accept the challenge of packing out all the rubbish and leftover food. A．Deal with waste properly. B．Take care of other visitors. C．They drive animals sway from their habitats. D．Thoughtful campers usually know the do’s and don’ts well. E．Leave nature be and take photos or appreciate it in the distance. F．Poor planning may cause unexpected damage to the environment. G．Thousands of such cases, however, affect the outdoor experience for all. 【答案】1．G 2．F 3．E 4．D 5．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要阐述了“不留痕迹”（Leave No Trace）的户外活动理念，并提出相关建议。 1．根据上文“The idea of Leave No Trace ( 痕迹) might seem unimportant until you consider the combined effects-of millions of outdoor visitors. One poorly located campsite may have little significance.(在考虑数百万户外游客的综合影响之前，“不留痕迹”的想法似乎并不重要。一个位置不佳的露营地可能没什么大不了的。)”和下文“Leaving no trace is everyone’s responsibility(不留痕迹是每个人的责任)”可以推断出这里需要一个转折，表示虽然一个露营地影响不大，但多个露营地的影响却是巨大的。G项：Thousands of such cases, however, affect the outdoor experience for all.(然而，成千上万这样的案例影响了所有人的户外体验。)符合语境。故选G。 2．根据下文“For example, if you weren’t prepared for rain while camping, you might need to construct a structure out of natural materials, thereby impacting the landscape.(例如，如果你露营时没有为雨天做好准备，你可能需要用天然材料建造一个结构，从而破坏景观。)”可知，计划不周会导致环境问题。F项：Poor planning may cause unexpected damage to the environment.(拙劣的规划可能会对环境造成意想不到的破坏。)符合语境。故选F。 3．根据上文“You especially shouldn’t touch or move native species away from the location, or you may possibly harm their habitats or spread them to non-native locations.(你尤其不应该触摸或移动当地的物种，否则你可能会破坏它们的栖息地或把它们传播到非原生地。)”可知，我们应该尊重并保护自然。E项：Leave nature be and take photos or appreciate it in the distance.(不要去打扰大自然，可以拍照或从远处欣赏。)符合语境，建议人们以非破坏性的方式欣赏自然。故选E。 4．根据下文“They observe wildlife distantly to avoid disturbing (打扰) them.(他们从远处观察野生动物以避免打扰它们。)”可知，此处表示这些露营者知道如何尊重野生动物。下文中的“they”指代D项中的“Thoughtful campers”。D项：Thoughtful campers usually know the do’s and don’ts well.(有思想的露营者通常知道什么该做，什么不该做。)符合语境。故选D。 5．空处为段落主旨句。根据下文“Pack it in; pack it out. This simple yet effective saying encourages visitors to take their rubbish home with them.(“带上它，带走它。”这句简单却有效的话语鼓励游客把自己的垃圾带回家。)”可知，本段主要讨论的是如何处理垃圾的问题。A项：Deal with waste properly.(妥善处理垃圾。)符合语境。故选A。 5 （24-25高二上·山东滨州·阶段练习）The environment has never been more in need of a helping hand from us. It’s important that we all do our bit to help the environment. Schools, in particular, are in a great position to educate future generations and make sure that good environmental habits are learned and adopted from an early age. 1 Turn off the lights and fit energy-efficient lights. Saving energy used for lighting is one of the easiest things that we can do. 2 Turn off lights when they’re not needed. Signage (标志) asking people to turn off the lights can act as a useful reminder. Go paperless! The world is becoming ever more digital, with paper now being seen as outdated (过时的) in many cases. 3 However, it sometimes needs people to change how they do things. Think twice before printing or photocopying all those A4 pages, for example. Reject plastic water bottles. It is easy for everyone to make a difference to the environment with very little effort. 4 One effective change is to stop buying water bottles that are only used once and then recycled. Instead, reuse existing bottles and containers. This small change not only reduces waste but also helps to protect our environment in the long run. 5 Sending waste to landfills (垃圾填埋场) isn’t the best use of the world’s resources. Besides, the space available for landfills is rapidly running out. Instead, promote recycling by providing proper and appealing facilities with clear signage. This is the key to preventing pollution of different waste streams. A．Get everyone included in it. B．Encourage and enable recycling. C．This is good news for the environment. D．Try to use natural light as much as possible. E．Here are some tips to make your school more eco-friendly. F．By making a simple change in our daily habits, we can have a healthier campus. G．Carrying out recycling programs throughout the campus can reduce waste. 【答案】1．E 2．D 3．C 4．F 5．B 【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了学校在教育年轻一代和保护环境方面的重要作用，并给出了一些使学校更加环保的建议。 1．根据前文“Schools, in particular, are in a great position to educate future generations and make sure that good environmental habits are learned and adopted from an early age.(特别是学校，在教育后代和确保良好的环境习惯从早期学习和采用方面处于有利地位)”这句话强调了学校在环境保护教育方面的重要作用。下文则给出了一些具体的建议，以帮助学校变得更加环保。因此，此处需要一个过渡句来引出下文，选项E“以下是一些让你的学校更加环保的建议”起到了承上启下的作用，符合语境。故选E项。 2．根据前文“Saving energy used for lighting is one of the easiest things that we can do.(节约用于照明的能源是我们能做的最简单的事情之一)”以及下文“Turn off lights when they’re not needed. Signage (标志) asking people to turn off the lights can act as a useful reminder.(不需要灯的时候把灯关掉。要求人们关灯的标志可以作为一个有用的提醒)”可知，本段主要讲述和灯有关的环境保护方法，所以选项D“尽量多地使用自然光”也是和灯有关的环境保护方法，符合语境。故选D项。 3．根据前文“The world is becoming ever more digital, with paper now being seen as outdated (过时的) in many cases.(世界正变得越来越数字化，在许多情况下，纸张现在被视为过时了)”强调了数字化的发展趋势和纸张的过时。下文提到“However, it sometimes needs people to change how they do things. Think twice before printing or photocopying all thoseA4 pages, for example.(然而，它有时需要人们改变他们做事的方式。例如，在打印或复印所有这些页面之前要三思而后行)”这句话建议人们在打印或复印之前要慎重考虑，以减少纸张的使用。选项C“这对环境来说是个好消息”承接上文，指出了数字化发展对环境带来的积极影响，同时引出下文对减少纸张使用的建议，符合语境。故选C项。 4．根据前文“It is easy for everyone to make a difference to the environment with very little effort.(每个人都很容易在几乎不费力的情况下对环境产生影响)”强调了每个人都可以对环境产生影响，下文“One effective change is to stop buying water bottles that are only used once and then recycled.(一个有效的改变是停止购买只使用一次然后回收的水瓶)”给出了一个具体的环保行动建议（该建议强调要去改变），该空内容应与学生做出有益于环境的改变相关，选项F“通过改变我们的日常习惯，我们可以拥有一个更健康的校园”与上下文相呼应，强调了个人改变对环境的益处，符合语境。故选F项。 5．根据下文“Sending waste to landfills isn’t the best use of the world’s resources. Besides, the space available for landfills is rapidly running out. Instead, promote recycling by providing proper and appealing facilities with clear signage.(将垃圾送往垃圾填埋场并不是世界上最好的资源利用方式。此外，可用于垃圾填埋的空间正在迅速减少。相反，应该通过提供适当且吸引人的设施以及清晰的标志来促进回收)”强调了回收的重要性，并给出了具体的建议。选项B“鼓励和支持回收”概括了下文的主要内容，符合语境。故选B项。 6 （24-25高二上·四川巴中·开学考试）Rock climbing has become a mainstream pleasure enjoyed by many. The natural world offers a thrilling adventure through beautiful environments filled with wildlife. However, rock climbing happens in places that are generally hard to access and unsuitable for agricultural expansion and urbanization. As a result, they have generally suffered less human impact and the areas tend to be important sites for biodiversity. 1 With the sport booming, the amazing biodiversity sustained by cliff ecosystems is under pressure. 2 Giving nesting birds some place is what climbers can do. The presence of climbers at the cliff where birds are nesting tends to cause them to abandon their chicks to starvation. Climbers should check in advance if there are any bird nesting restrictions. This information is usually available on climbing guidebooks. 3 If climbers spot a nest, try to leave a note and find a way to communicate this to the rest of the local climbing community. Some cliff- specialist plant species have very narrow ranges. If a suitable habitat is rare, they have few opportunities to grow elsewhere. However, climbers can remove vegetation and soil when establishing a route that has not been climbed before. 4 So climbers should keep the impact on vegetation in mind when developing new climbing routes. Even they can work with other route developers and conservationists to understand the potential impact on the plants. The number of climbers heading out to these cliffs is increasing at an astonishing pace. It is essential for climbers to know what they can do for the protection of the cliff ecosystem. 5 Please help those with less experience and knowledge by sharing the information about climbing and biodiversity damage! A．This can wipe out the cliff ecosystem that was there previously. B．And some organizations have an online database offered to check. C．Therefore, every climber is responsible for protecting the cliff ecosystem. D．Even climbers can ask the climbing gym to organise a discussion about this topic. E．Seemingly a straightforward way is to spread the word about these good practices. F．These data can then be accessed by scientists to avoid environmental issues on cliffs. G．For example, 40% of sport climbing areas in Spain are found in nature protection areas. 【答案】1．G 2．B 3．E 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕“攀岩运动对悬崖生态系统及生物多样性的影响”这一主题展开，通过阐述攀岩活动对鸟类、植物等生物的影响，以及攀岩者可以采取的保护措施，来提醒和呼吁攀岩者关注并保护悬崖生态系统。 1．根据上文的“However, rock climbing happens in places that are generally hard to access and unsuitable for agricultural expansion and urbanization. As a result, they have generally suffered less human impact and the areas tend to be important sites for biodiversity. (然而，攀岩活动通常发生在交通不便、不适合农业扩张和城市化的地方。因此，它们通常受到较少的人类影响，而且这些地区往往是生物多样性的重要地点。)”可知，本空应继续谈论攀岩活动发生的地区。选项G“For example, 40% of sport climbing areas in Spain are found in nature protection areas. (例如，西班牙40%的运动攀岩区位于自然保护区。)”能承接上文，符合语境。故选G。 2．根据下文的“Giving nesting birds some place is what climbers can do. The presence of climbers at the cliff where birds are nesting tends to cause them to abandon their chicks to starvation. Climbers should check in advance if there are any bird nesting restrictions. This information is usually available on climbing guidebooks. (给筑巢的鸟一些地方是攀登者能做的。在鸟类筑巢的悬崖上，登山者的出现往往会导致它们把雏鸟饿死。攀登者应事先查询有关雀鸟筑巢的限制。这些信息通常可以在登山指南书上找到。)”可知，这里需要一个提供信息来源的选项。选项B“And some organizations have an online database offered to check (一些组织有一个在线数据库可供查询。)”能引起下文，符合语境。故选B。 3．根据下文的“If climbers spot a nest, try to leave a note and find a way to communicate this to the rest of the local climbing community. (如果登山者发现了一个巢穴，试着留下一张纸条，并找到一种方法与当地攀岩社区的其他人交流。)”可知，下文举例进行了说明应该如何处理这些数据，选项应该提出正确的方法。选项E“Seemingly a straightforward way is to spread the word about these good practices. (似乎一个简单的方法是传播这些良好做法。)”能引起下文，符合语境。故选E。 4．根据上文的“Some cliff- specialist plant species have very narrow ranges. If a suitable habitat is rare, they have few opportunities to grow elsewhere. However, climbers can remove vegetation and soil when establishing a route that has not been climbed before. (一些悬崖特有的植物种类分布范围很窄。如果合适的栖息地很少，它们就没有机会在其他地方生长。然而，登山者在建立以前没有攀登过的路线时可以清除植被和土壤。)”可知，这里需要一个说明这种行为对崖生态系统造成坏的结果的选项。选项A“This can wipe out the cliff ecosystem that was there previously. (这可能会摧毁以前存在的悬崖生态系统。)”能承接上文，符合语境。故选A。 5．根据下文的“Please help those with less experience and knowledge by sharing the information about climbing and biodiversity damage! (请通过分享攀岩和生物多样性破坏的信息来帮助那些经验和知识较少的人！)”可知，本空应谈论登山者的责任。选项C“Therefore, every climber is responsible for protecting the cliff ecosystem. (因此，每个登山者都有责任保护悬崖生态系统。)”能引起下文，符合语境。故选C。 7 （23-24高二下·四川遂宁·阶段练习）How to Make Your Garden Pet-Friendly? Whether you have a dog, cat or a host of different animals to spend your time with, have you ever thought of providing your pet with a comfortable garden? 1 And it’s crucial that they have a safe environment in which to play in the open air. 2 This could stretch the whole breadth of your garden, or just a section if you’d prefer to keep a part of your space as a human-only zone. When choosing what to have underfoot, grass is a clear winner and paved pathways are also safe for paws to pad about on. Try to avoid loose materials such as small stones since they can get stuck and injure your pet. Meanwhile, some flowers such as Daffodils, English Ivy and Mistletoe can be harmful to dogs. 3 Can you imagine spending summer in a fur coat without a break? Apparently, finding shade for an animal is vital. Be sure to provide areas where pets can rest and retreat from the sun. 4 Since animals aren’t known for their lavatorial (入厕的) manners, you will be left to clear up their business. 5 Other than being an eyesore for your much-loved landscape, not clearing up after your pets could lead to health problems for humans and other animals. A．Our furry companions definitely love the outdoors. B．So you’d better research what flowers your pet like. C．However annoying the chore, it’s an important one. D．Start with a strong, firm fence to assign their boundaries. E．It is also a polite behavior for the pet-owner in public places. F．Leaving water in these spaces can encourage them to visit. G．Thus, knowing what plants could be potentially poisonous is important. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．G 4．F 5．C 【导语】本文是说明文，介绍了怎样布置一个适合宠物的花园。 1．根据上文“Whether you have a dog, cat or a host of different animals to spend your time with, have you ever thought of providing your pet with a comfortable garden? (无论你是养狗、养猫还是养一群不同的动物，你有没有想过给你的宠物提供一个舒适的花园?)”和下文“And it’s crucial that they have a safe environment in which to play in the open air. (给它们一个安全的户外玩耍环境是很重要的)”可知，前文提到问题是不是想要给自己的宠物提供一个舒适的花园，下文说明户外玩耍环境对动物很重要，A项“Our furry companions definitely love the outdoors.(我们毛茸茸的伙伴喜欢户外活动) ”符合语境，承上启下。故选A。 2．此处为段落主题句。根据下文“This could stretch the whole breadth of your garden, or just a section if you’d prefer to keep a part of your space as a human-only zone. (这可以延伸整个花园的宽度，或者如果你想保留一部分空间作为人类专用区域，也可以只是一小部分。) ”可以看出本段是讲空间布置， D项“Start with a strong, firm fence to assign their boundaries.(用一个坚固的栅栏来划分他们的界限。) ”符合语境，下文的This指代选项中的 a strong, firm fence。故选D。 3．根据上文“Try to avoid loose materials such as small stones since they can get stuck and injure your pet. Meanwhile, some flowers such as Daffodils, English Ivy and Mistletoe can be harmful to dogs. (尽量避免像小石头这样松散的东西，因为它们会卡住并伤害你的宠物。与此同时，水仙花、英国常春藤和槲寄生等一些花可能对狗有害。)”可知，此处讲述知道哪些植物可能有毒，这一点非常重要。G项“Thus, knowing what plants could be potentially poisonous is important.( 因此，了解哪些植物可能有毒是很重要的。)”选项中的 poisonous对应上文的harmful。故选G。 4．前文“Apparently, finding shade for an animal is vital. Be sure to provide areas where pets can rest and retreat from the sun.(显然，为动物寻找荫凉处是至关重要的。一定要提供宠物可以休息和躲避阳光的地方。)”说了要考虑宠物在阳光下应有一个遮阴的地方，F选项“Leaving water in these spaces can encourage them to visit.(把水留在这些地方就足够鼓励它们来这里了。)”符合语境。 areas对应these spaces。说明在这些阴凉处摆放一些水能鼓励他们来躲避阳光，故选F。 5．前文“Since animals aren’t known for their lavatorial(入厕的) manners, you will be left to clear up their business.(因为动物们不知道它们的厕所礼仪，你将留下清理它们的东西。)”说你可能要清理宠物的粪便，后面“Other than being an eyesore for your much-loved landscape, not clearing up after your pets could lead to health problems for humans and other animals.(除了对你心爱的风景造成伤害外，不清理宠物的粪便还会导致人类和其他动物的健康问题。)”说不清理会对人或其他动物产生不良影响，所以这个活不管多么艰难，讨厌，都必须做。故C选项“However annoying the chore, it’s an important one.(不管这项工作有多烦人，它都是很重要的)”切题。clear up their business对应the chore。故选C。 8 （23-24高二下·北京丰台·期末）What Came First, the Chicken or the Egg? Chickens are one of the most economically important animals in the world today. 1 , Recent advancements in archaeological methodologies have unveiled that numerous bone discoveries, once believed to be evidence of early chickens, actually belong to wild birds. Now, in a new publication, an international team of archaeologists, historians, and biomolecular scientists present the earliest clear evidence for the raising of chickens for egg production. Using eggshell fragments collected from 12 archaeological sites covering roughly 1500 years, the researchers show that chickens were widely raised in Central Asia from approximately 400 BCE to 1000 CE and were likely spread along the ancient Silk Road. 2 . It was this trait of productive egg laying, the researchers argue, that made the domestic chicken so attractive to ancient peoples 3 . They collected tens of thousands of eggshell fragments from sites located along the main Central Asian corridor of the Silk Road. They then used a method of biomolecular analysis called ZooMS to identify the source of the eggs.  The identification of these shell fragments as chickens, and their abundance at each site, led the researchers to an important conclusion. 4 . In the wild, this kind of bird nests once per year and typically lays six eggs per clutch (窝). This is the earliest evidence for the loss of seasonal egg laying yet identified in the archaeological record. Meanwhile, it is an important clue for better understanding the mutualistic (共生的) relationships between humans and animals that resulted in domestication Taken together, the new study suggests an answer to the age-old riddle of the chicken and the egg. 5 . A．To reach these conclusions, the team did a lot of work. B．The abundance of eggshells further suggests that the birds were laying out of season. C．Yet, the story of how they originated and spread throughout the ancient world remains largely unclear. D．Research shows chickens were bred throughout southern Central Asia, and were spread along the ancient Silk Road. E．The birds must have been laying more frequently than their wild ancestor, the red jungle fowl F．They argue that the loss of seasonal egg laying was the main drive for the spread of domestic chickens across Eurasia and northeast Africa G．As the evidence in Central Asia suggests, the ability to lay a large number of eggs is what made the chicken the chicken we know today. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．E 5．G 【导语】本文属于说明文。文章探讨了关于鸡与鸡蛋的经典问题，并通过介绍一项新的考古研究成果，阐述了家鸡驯化史中关于鸡蛋生产的重要发现，以及这些发现对理解家鸡起源和传播的意义。 1．由下文的“Recent advancements in archaeological methodologies have unveiled that numerous bone discoveries, once believed to be evidence of early chickens, actually belong to wild birds. (考古学方法的最新进展揭示了许多曾经被认为是早期鸡的证据的骨头发现，实际上属于野生鸟类，)”可知，下文则提到了关于鸡的考古新发现，说明对于鸡如何起源和传播的故事并不清晰。因此，C选项“Yet, the story of how they originated and spread throughout the ancient world remains largely unclear (然而，它们如何起源并在古代世界中传播的故事仍很大程度上不清楚)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选C。 2．由上文的“Now, in a new publication, an international team of archaeologists, historians, and biomolecular scientists present the earliest clear evidence for the raising of chickens for egg production. Using eggshell fragments collected from 12 archaeological sites covering roughly 1500 years, the researchers show that chickens were widely raised in Central Asia from approximately 400 BCE to 1000 CE and were likely spread along the ancient Silk Road. (现在，在一份新的出版物中，一个由考古学家、历史学家和生物分子科学家组成的国际团队提出了最早的明确证据，证明养鸡是为了产蛋。研究人员从12个考古遗址收集了大约1500年的蛋壳碎片，研究人员表明，从公元前400年到公元1000年，鸡在中亚被广泛饲养，并可能沿着古丝绸之路传播。)”可知，科学家发现大量的蛋壳，本空继续谈论这些蛋壳的发现的意义。B选项“The abundance of eggshells further suggests that the birds were laying out of season. (大量蛋壳进一步表明，这些鸟是在淡季产卵的。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选B。 3．根据下文的“They collected tens of thousands of eggshell fragments from sites located along the main Central Asian corridor of the Silk Road. They then used a method of biomolecular analysis called ZooMS to identify the source of the eggs.   The identification of these shell fragments as chickens, and their abundance at each site, led the researchers to an important conclusion. (他们从丝绸之路中亚主要走廊沿线的遗址收集了数以万计的蛋壳碎片。然后，他们使用一种称为ZooMS的生物分子分析方法来确定卵子的来源。这些壳碎片被鉴定为鸡，以及它们在每个地点的丰度，使研究人员得出了一个重要的结论。)”可知，下文谈论了团队做的工作，故本空也与团队做的工作有关。A选项“To reach these conclusions, the team did a lot of work (为了得出这些结论，团队做了大量工作)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选A。 4．根据上文的“The identification of these shell fragments as chickens, and their abundance at each site, led the researchers to an important conclusion. (这些壳碎片被鉴定为鸡，以及它们在每个地点的丰度，使研究人员得出了一个重要的结论。)”可知，本空要阐述这一结论，根据下文的“In the wild, this kind of bird nests once per year and typically lays six eggs per clutch (窝). (在野外，这种鸟每年筑巢一次，通常每窝产六个蛋)”可知，这种鸟下蛋更多，E选项“The birds must have been laying more frequently than their wild ancestor, the red jungle fowl (这些鸟一定比它们的野生祖先红原鸡更频繁地下蛋)”是对研究结果的直接阐述，能承上启下，符合题意。故选E。 5．根据上文的“Taken together, the new study suggests an answer to the age-old riddle of the chicken and the egg. (总的来说，这项新研究为古老的鸡生蛋还是蛋生鸡之谜提供了答案。)”可知，最后一个空格要求总结全文，总结研究的核心发现。G选项“As the evidence in Central Asia suggests, the ability to lay a large number of eggs is what made the chicken the chicken we know today. (正如中亚的证据所表明的那样，大量产蛋的能力使鸡成为我们今天所知道的鸡。)”既回应了文章开头的问题，也总结了研究的核心发现，大量产蛋的能力使鸡成为我们今天所知道的鸡，能承接上文，符合题意。故选G。 9 （23-24高二下·全国·期末）World Environment Day, celebrated annually on June 5th, is a global event that encourages action for the protection of our environment. Established by the United Nations in1974, it has become a platform for the public in over 100 countries. 1 Here are four simple ways you can care for your environment. ●Reduce, Reuse, Recycle The principle “reduce, reuse, recycle” is important. 2 Reduce: Be mindful of your consumption. Use products with minimal packaging and consider if you truly need that new item. Reuse: Think of creative ways to repurpose items. Recycle: Make sure to recycle paper, plastics, metals, and electronics. ●Conserve water Water is a precious resource, and conserving it helps ensure its availability for future generations. A dripping faucet can waste gallons of water over time so ensure all taps, pipes, and toilets are leak-free. 3 ●Choose sustainable transportation Transportation is a significant source of greenhouse gases. Opting for more sustainable modes of transport can make a big difference. 4 Also consider buses, trains, or carpooling to reduce the vehicles on the road. Consider investing in an electric vehicle, which has a lower environmental impact compared to traditional cars. ● 5 This step helps reduce your carbon footprint and promotes sustainable agriculture. Local products travel shorter distances to reach you, reducing transportation emissions. Plus, organic farming practices reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers, promoting soil health. Small, consistent actions can lead to significant benefits. Remember, every action counts ,and together we can create a more sustainable future. A．Support local and organic products B．For short distances, consider walking or cycling. C．Improve air quality and provide habitats for wildlife. D．This year, we focus on everyday steps that anyone can take. E．Use water-efficient appliances, for example, low-flow shower heads. F．It reminds us of the reasoning behind minimizing waste and conserving resources. G．They include these simple practices into your daily life and contribute to our planet. 【答案】1．D 2．F 3．E 4．B 5．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些日常环保的方法。 1．根据上文“World Environment Day, celebrated annually on June 5th, is a global event that encourages action for the protection of our environment. Established by the United Nations in1974, it has become a platform for the public in over 100 countries.(每年的6月5日是世界环境日，这是一个鼓励采取行动保护环境的全球性活动。它由联合国于1974年建立，已成为100多个国家的公众平台)”以及后文“Here are four simple ways you can care for your environment.(这里有四种保护环境的简单方法)”可知，上文主要介绍了世界环境日的一些背景知识，结合后文主要论述的是日常环保方法，故D选项“今年，我们关注的是每个人都可以采取的日常步骤”符合语境，故选D。 2．根据上文“The principle “reduce, reuse, recycle” is important.(“减量、再利用、再循环”的原则很重要)”可知，本句承接上文，说明三原则重要的原因。故F选项“它提醒我们减少浪费和节约资源背后的原因”符合语境，故选F。 3．根据上文“Water is a precious resource, and conserving it helps ensure its availability for future generations. A dripping faucet can waste gallons of water over time so ensure all taps, pipes, and toilets are leak-free.(水是一种宝贵的资源，保护它有助于确保子孙后代可以获得水。随着时间的推移，滴水的水龙头会浪费大量的水，所以要确保所有的水龙头、管道和厕所都没有漏水)”可知，本段主要提出节水的方法。故E选项“使用节水器具，例如低流量淋浴喷头”符合语境，故选E。 4．根据后文“Also consider buses, trains, or carpooling to reduce the vehicles on the road. Consider investing in an electric vehicle, which has a lower environmental impact compared to traditional cars.(还可以考虑乘坐公共汽车、火车或拼车，以减少路上的车辆。考虑投资电动汽车，与传统汽车相比，电动汽车对环境的影响更小)”可知，本句主要是在针对交通方式的选择提出建议。故B选项“对于短距离，可以考虑步行或骑自行车”符合语境，故选B。 5．根据本段内容“This step helps reduce your carbon footprint and promotes sustainable agriculture. Local products travel shorter distances to reach you, reducing transportation emissions. Plus, organic farming practices reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers, promoting soil health.(这一步有助于减少你的碳足迹，促进可持续农业。本地产品到达您手中的距离更短，从而减少了运输排放。此外，有机农业减少了农药和化肥的使用，促进了土壤健康)”可知，本段的主旨是支持购买本地产品，A选项中local对应后文Local products。故A选项“支持本地和有机产品”符合语境，故选A。 10 （23-24高二下·四川南充·期末）First-aid kits are most commonly used for minor injuries like cuts, but they can also help you in less-common emergency situations, such as heart attacks or life-threatening bleeding. 1 Buy the right container Your first-aid items should be kept in a waterproof bag or an airtight container with clear separate sections that allow you to quickly see what's inside the kit. 2 . A good quality ready-made first-aid kit should have most, if not all, of the things recommended on the official website of the Red Cross. 3 Add notice to your calendar to remind you to check and make sure any medications in the kit are valid. “That also reminds you why you have a first-aid kit, and it may also help you recall any we've had, ”Dr. Charlton says. Get some training There's no better way to prepare yourself for emergencies than by taking a course. Organizations like the Red Cross offer basic first aid and CPR certifications that can be completed over a weekend. 4 , some in pocket size that you can keep in your kit. These guides can help you through a range of situations—from panic attacks to spinal(脊柱)injuries—with pictograms. Know when to get help 5 . If a wound is large or deep, or doesn't stop bleeding after 10 minutes of pressure, call 911 or head to the nearest hospital emergency room. Also seek help if you or someone else has trouble breathing, or experiences sudden or severe pain or any other potential medical emergency. A．Keep items separate B．Check validity period C．They also publish handbooks D．The first aid videos are also provided by the Red Cross E．Any cut longer than l inch will need medical assistance F．That way you needn't dig around it to find what you need G．Here are the important basics you can prepare for any emergency 【答案】1．G 2．F 3．B 4．C 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了急救包在应对紧急情况下的重要性，并提供了一些关于购买和使用急救包的建议。 1．根据上文“First-aid kits are most commonly used for minor injuries like cuts, but they can also help you in less-common emergency situations, such as heart attacks or life-threatening bleeding. (急救包最常用于处理割伤等轻伤，但在心脏病发作或危及生命的出血等不太常见的紧急情况下也能提供帮助。)”可知，作者接下来会介绍如何应对紧急情况，与G项“Here are the important basics you can prepare for any emergency (以下是你可以为任何紧急情况准备的重要基本知识)”表达的含义一致，故选G项。 2．根据上文“Your first-aid items should be kept in a waterproof bag or an airtight container with clear separate sections that allow you to quickly see what's inside the kit. (你的急救物品应该放在防水袋或密封容器中，容器内有清晰的分隔区域，让你能快速看到急救包内的物品。)”可知，这样的设计可以让你快速找到需要的物品，与F项“That way you needn't dig around it to find what you need (这样你就不用翻找就能找到你需要的东西)”表达的含义一致，故选F项。 3．根据下文“Add notice to your calendar to remind you to check and make sure any medications in the kit are valid. (在你的日历上添加提醒，确保检查急救包中的所有药物是否有效。)”可知，作者建议定期检查急救包中的药物是否有效，与B项“Check validity period (检查有效期)”表达的含义一致，故选B项。 4．根据下文“some in pocket size that you can keep in your kit. These guides can help you through a range of situations—from panic attacks to spinal(脊柱)injuries—with pictograms. (有些手册只有口袋大小，你可以放在急救包中。这些指南可以通过图解帮助你应对从恐慌发作到脊柱损伤等一系列情况。)”可知，红十字会除了提供认证课程外，还出版了一些手册，与C项“They also publish handbooks (他们还出版手册)”表达的含义一致，故选C项。 5．根据下文“If a wound is large or deep, or doesn't stop bleeding after 10 minutes of pressure, call 911 or head to the nearest hospital emergency room. (如果伤口很大或很深，或者在施压10分钟后仍未止血，请拨打911或前往最近的医院急诊室。)”可知，作者在这里列举了一些需要寻求医疗帮助的情况，与E项“Any cut longer than l inch will need medical assistance (任何超过一英寸的伤口都需要医疗援助)”表达的含义一致，故选E项。 11 （23-24高二下·湖南郴州·期末）Whether it’s gas, food, clothing, cars, furniture, water, toys, electronics or other goods, we are all consumers. The key is not to stop consuming, but to start being mindful of our consumption habits and how each purchase or action affects the ecosystem. 1 . Consume less Limiting consumption can have a huge impact on the environment. The three “Rs” — reduce, reuse and recycle — get a lot of attention. However, the planet could benefit from some focus on the most important and most underrepresented “R”: refuse. When you refuse, you say “no”, which is not always easy. 2 , think about whether it would truly improve your life. If not, it’s OK to just say, “No, thanks! ” Walk, bike or carpool According to the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a typical passenger vehicle emits about 4. 6 metric tons of carbon dioxide per year. Any amount of that we can cut back on will help. 3 . If travelling on foot or two wheels isn’t feasible (可行的), try carpooling with a friend, neighbor or coworker to a mutual destination. 4 Get creative with your useless or unwanted items by upcycling — basically, turning trash into treasure. Creating something new such as artwork, toys or jewelry is both satisfying and one of the best ways to protect the environment. Not only does it keep items out of the trash, it can prevent having to purchase new items, which require lots of resources to produce. Children love making things; so instead of heading to the craft store, check out your recycle bin first and let their imaginations soar! Use your purchasing power for good The positive thing about being a consumer is that we have the power to choose where we spend our hard-earned dollars. 5 . Spend it wisely on goods, services and experiences that leave a smaller carbon footprint. Choose to do business with companies that support sustainability efforts, utilize renewable energy sources and walk the walk when it comes to protecting the environment. A．Upcycle more B．Recycle properly C．If you want to consume less or recycle a used item D．Here are several ways you can start to protect the environment E．Think of your money as your voice and your vote for a cleaner planet F．Next time you’re tempted to purchase or accept a non-essential item G．For short trips, try walking or biking — you’ll also get a healthy dose of exercise in 【答案】1．D 2．F 3．G 4．A 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了教育和引导读者采取更环保的生活方式。 1．从下文给定的小标题“Consume less(少消费)”和“Walk, bike or carpool(步行、自行车或拼车)”可知，这些都是可以保护环境的办法。选项D. Here are several ways you can start to protect the environment(这里有一些你可以开始保护环境的方法)统领下文，并且下面这几个小标题指的就是“several ways”。故选D项。 2．上文提到“When you refuse, you say “no”, which is not always easy. (当你拒绝时，你是在说“不”，而这并不总是容易的)”拒绝并不总是容易，选项F. Next time you’re tempted to purchase or accept a non-essential item(下次当你想要购买或接受一件非必需品时)写到当你想要购买或接受一件非必需品时，然后下文写到“think about whether it would truly improve your life. If not, it’s OK to just say, “No, thanks! ”(想它是否真的能改善你的生活。如果没有，可以直接说：“不，谢谢！”)”整句就是对上句的进一步说明。F项在本空起到承上启下的功能，并且下文的“it ”指的就是F项中的“a non-essential item”。故选F。 3．本段下文提到“If travelling on foot or two wheels isn’t feasible (可行的), try carpooling with a friend, neighbor or coworker to a mutual destination.(如果步行或两轮旅行不可行，可以尝试与朋友、邻居或同事拼车前往共同目的地)”，本空应填入一个提到步行或两轮旅行的句子做铺垫，选项G.For short trips, try walking or biking — you’ll also get a healthy dose of exercise in(对于短途旅行，尝试步行或骑自行车——同时你也能得到健康的锻炼)的内容符合语境。并且“walking or biking”即下文的“travelling on foot or two wheels”。故选G。 4．根据下文的“Get creative with your useless or unwanted items by upcycling — basically, turning trash into treasure.(通过升级再造，用创意处理无用或不需要的物品——基本上，就是把垃圾变成宝物)”可知，本段在讲用升级改造的办法来保护环境。那么，选项A. Upcycle more(升级更多)作为小标题，符合语境。故选A。 5．根据下文的“Spend it wisely on goods, services and experiences that leave a smaller carbon footprint.(明智地将其用于留下较小碳足迹的商品、服务和体验)”可知，作者建议我们买一些环保的商品、服务和体验。选项E. Think of your money as your voice and your vote for a cleaner planet(将你的钱视为你的声音和对一个更清洁星球的投票)的含义就是倡议大家把钱花在环保的，对星球友好的事物上，并且下文的“it”指的就是选项F中的“money”。故选E。 12 （23-24高二下·陕西渭南·阶段练习）Animals deserve to live a safe and healthy life as much as humans do. Sadly, this does not have universal acceptance. Some people try to get profit from everything and sometimes animals become victims. It is vital that we take action to protect animals. 1 Spread awareness. One way to protect endangered animals is to create awareness about them. You can create local community groups that work for this cause. Having seminars (研讨会) is another way of creating awareness. 2 Our routine activities directly or indirectly influence their lifestyle. 3 It is important to watch the road when you are going through roads in forest areas. Many animals die while trying to cross the road because people do not pay attention to them. So we can save their lives by being more careful. Avoid plastic items. Do you know what happens to a plastic bag thrown into a river? 4 Plastic is a big threat to wildlife. And we have to reduce the overconsumption of life-threatening products to protect the endangered species. Prevent plastic items such as bags and containers. Shop in a handmade woven bag and recycle the boxes. Spend time rescuing animals in your locality. As a volunteer, you can offer support to animal rescue teams in your area. 5 Spending a portion of your daily or weekly schedule is one step towards saving wildlife and protecting endangered species. A．Change your regular routine. B．Such organizations are always short of funds and are looking for animal lovers to support the cause. C．So, we highly suggest careful use of water. D．Drive carefully in forest areas. E．Below are some simple ways in which we can all contribute towards the protection of endangered animals. F．Also, familiarize people around you with the importance of the animals in your surroundings. G．It is probably eaten by an adult turtle, choking it to death. 【答案】1．E 2．F 3．D 4．G 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章倡议保护动物，指出它们应享有安全健康的生活，并列举了四种保护濒危动物的方法。 1．上文“It is vital that we take action to protect animals.(我们采取行动保护动物是至关重要的)”指出保护动物的重要性，而下文四个段落则列举了一些保护濒危动物的具体方法。E选项“Below are some simple ways in which we can all contribute towards the protection of endangered animals.(下面是一些简单的方法，我们都可以用这些方法为保护濒危动物做出贡献)”承上启下，引出了下文关于如何保护动物的具体建议。故选E项。 2．上文“You can create local community groups that work for this cause. Having seminars (研讨会) is another way of creating awareness. (你可以创建当地的社区团体，为这一目标而努力。举办研讨会是提高人们意识的另一种方式)”列举了两个提高人们保护濒危动物意识的方法，F选项“Also, familiarize people around you with the importance of the animals in your surroundings.(同时，让你周围的人熟悉你周围动物的重要性)”列举了第三个方法，与上文构成并列关系，同时句中“the animals in your surroundings”与下文“Our routine activities directly or indirectly influence their lifestyle.(我们的日常活动直接或间接地影响着他们的生活方式)”相照应。故选F项。 3．设空句是段首主题句。下文“It is important to watch the road when you are going through roads in forest areas. Many animals die while trying to cross the road because people do not pay attention to them. So we can save their lives by being more careful.(当你穿过森林地区的道路时，注意路况是很重要的。许多动物在试图过马路时死亡，因为人们没有注意到它们。所以我们可以通过更加小心来挽救他们的生命)”建议在森林地区行驶时要小心，以免撞到动物，故D项“Drive carefully in forest areas.(在森林地区开车要小心)”是本段内容的概括，是最佳主题句。故选D项。 4．上文“Do you know what happens to a plastic bag thrown into a river?(你知道把塑料袋扔进河里会发生什么吗?)”抛出问题，G选项“It is probably eaten by an adult turtle, choking it to death.(它很可能被一只成年海龟吃掉，导致它窒息而死)”给出答案，说明塑料是野生动物的一大威胁，照应本段主题句“Avoid plastic items.(避免塑料制品)”。故选G项。 5．上文“As a volunteer, you can offer support to animal rescue teams in your area.(作为志愿者，你可以为你所在地区的动物救援队提供支持)”提到“动物救援队”，B项“Such organizations are always short of funds and are looking for animal lovers to support the cause.(这些组织总是缺乏资金，正在寻找动物爱好者来支持这项事业)”承接上文，介绍这些动物保护组织的情况，句中“Such organizations”照应上文中“animal rescue teams”，上下文语意连贯。故选B项。 13 （23-24高二下·山西晋城·开学考试）Why don’t birds on a wire get a shock?? Now how is that possible? The fact is, for a living creature to get a shock there has to be a substantial flow of currents through the body. 1 Firstly, the bird not only forms a circuit with the wire, but it also offers high resistance to currents, so currents pass through the wire instead of the bird. It’s a bit like this, would you prefer going on a smooth road or a road full of holes? The answer is obvious. 2 All objects offer some amount of resistance to the flow of currents, depending on the material. 3 However, the most important reason why currents don’t pass through the bird is, there is barely any voltage (电压) difference across the bird. Current flow is actually just a flow of minute charged particles (粒子). These charged particles need an energy input in order for them to move. The amount of energy needed to move the charges from one point to another is measured in terms of the potential difference between the two points. A bird sitting on high-tension wires has both its feet placed firmly on the same wire. 4 In order for currents to flow through the bird, there must be a sizeable difference in voltage across the body. The potential difference between the bird’s two feet is tiny and so a very small current flows through the bird which can barely be registered. 5 On the other hand if it were to touch the wire and some other object connected to the ground, it would receive a deadly shock. A．Currents travel like water. B．There are differences in birds’ shapes. C．Just like you, the current prefers taking the easier path. D．This is just one of the reasons why birds don’t get a shock. E．However, there’s barely any current running through the bird’s body for two reasons. F．Therefore, the net potential difference from one end of the bird to the other is almost zero. G．If the bird were to touch the wire and another wire at the same time, it would receive a mild shock. 【答案】1．E 2．C 3．D 4．F 5．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章解释了为什么鸟站在电线上不会被电击的原因。 1．由下文“Firstly, the bird not only forms a circuit with the wire, but it also offers high resistance to currents, so currents pass through the wire instead of the bird.(首先，鸟不仅与电线形成电路，而且对电流具有高电阻，因此电流通过电线而不是鸟。)”可知，这里解释了为什么电流不通过鸟的原因。而E项“However, there’s barely any current running through the bird’s body for two reasons.(然而，由于两个原因，几乎没有电流流过这只鸟的身体。)”符合语境，其中reasons与下文的解释对应，有启下作用。故选E项。 2．由上文“It’s a bit like this, would you prefer going on a smooth road or a road full of holes? The answer is obvious.(有点像这样，你更喜欢走平坦的路还是满是凹凸不平的路？答案是显而易见的。)”可知，这里提出问题，显而易见，你会选择平坦的路。而C项“Just like you, the current prefers taking the easier path.(和你一样，电流更喜欢走更容易的路。)”符合语境，其中you与上文对应，path与上文 road对应，有承上作用。故选C项。 3．由下文“However, the most important reason why currents don’t pass through the bird is, there is barely any voltage (电压) difference across the bird.(然而，电流不能通过鸟的最重要原因是，鸟身上几乎没有任何电压差。)”可知，这里在讲另外的原因，而D项“This is just one of the reasons why birds don’t get a shock(这只是鸟类不会受到电击的原因之一)”符合语境，其中This指代上文的解释，just one of the reasons也与后文the most important reason 对应，所以本句有承上启下作用。故选D项。 4．由上文“A bird sitting on high-tension wires has both its feet placed firmly on the same wire.(一只鸟坐在高压电线上，双脚牢牢地放在同一根电线上。)”可知，这里讲述鸟的双脚是放在同一根电线上，而F项“Therefore, the net potential difference from one end of the bird to the other is almost zero(因此，从鸟的一端到另一端的净电势差几乎为零。)”符合语境，针对上一句的现象解释了鸟不被点击的原因。所以有承上作用。故选F项。 5．由下文“On the other hand if it were to touch the wire and some other object connected to the ground, it would receive a deadly shock.(另一方面，如果它接触到电线和其它连接到地面的物体，它会受到致命的电击)”可知，这里讲述了鸟会被电击的一种情况，而G项“If the bird were to touch the wire and another wire at the same time, it would receive a mild shock(如果这只鸟同时接触电线和另一根电线，它会受到轻微的电击)”符合语境，也讲了鸟被电击的一种情况，If与后文对应，有启下作用。故选G项。 14 （23-24高二下·江苏南京·期末）There’s a belief that it is inadvisable to have plants in the bedroom. The concern is about how plants breathe. While plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen in the day, at night this is the opposite. 1 But to tell whether sharing our bedroom with our plants is a risk to health, we have to consider three things. 2 This is tricky to answer as it depends on everything from species to light levels and even room temperature, Also, there’s not much research on the exact measurements in indoor settings. Thankfully, in 2015, researchers at Turkey’s Kastamonu University found that houseplants like ficus (榕树) and yuccas (丝兰), when sealed (密封) in glass boxes, absorb between six and eight times as much CO2 in the day as they emit at night. This results in a significant net reduction over a full day. Secondly, we should compare the impact of plants on air quality with that of other potential competitors, such as a partner, A single human breath contains around 40,000 ppm of CO2, more than 10 times the effect a plant could have in 8 hours. 3 Also, consider this. Indoor plants grow in less light than they would ideally get in nature. So, they photosynthesize (光合作用) at a lower rate. This further reduces their impact on air quality. Finally, it is obvious that we don’t live in the sealed boxes in which these studies are carried out. 4 Even our movements can influence its flow. In conclusion, the plant effect in our homes is very small in many ways. 5 If sleeping near plants were bad for your health, camping in a forest would be definitely deadly. A．Firstly, how do plants breathe at night? B．So enjoy houseplants whenever you like. C．Firstly, do plants emit more CO2 at night? D．Camping can be a good escape if you are worried. E．This means they compete with us for air when we sleep. F．Indoor air is constantly exchanged through doors and windows. G．So you might want to send your partner away before your plants. 【答案】1．E 2．C 3．G 4．F 5．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就植物晚上是否会影响人类的问题进行了解释说明。 1．根据上文“There’s a belief that it is inadvisable to have plants in the bedroom. The concern is about how plants breathe. While plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen in the day, at night this is the opposite.(有一种观点认为卧室里不宜种植植物。人们担心的是植物如何呼吸。白天，植物吸收二氧化碳，释放氧气，而到了晚上，情况却恰恰相反)”可知，上文提到植物晚上需要氧气，呼出二氧化碳。由此可知，本句是说明植物晚上对人的影响。故E选项“这意味着它们在我们睡觉时与我们争夺空气”符合语境，故选E。 2．根据后文“This is tricky to answer as it depends on everything from species to light levels and even room temperature, Also, there’s not much research on the exact measurements in indoor settings. Thankfully, in 2015, researchers at Turkey’s Kastamonu University found that houseplants like ficus (榕树) and yuccas (丝兰), when sealed (密封) in glass boxes, absorb between six and eight times as much CO2 in the day as they emit at night. This results in a significant net reduction over a full day.(这个问题很难回答，因为它取决于各种因素，从物种到光照水平，甚至是室温。此外，关于室内环境中精确测量的研究也不多。值得庆幸的是，2015年，土耳其Kastamonu大学的研究人员发现，榕树和丝兰等室内植物被密封在玻璃盒中，白天吸收的二氧化碳是夜间排放的6到8倍。这导致在一整天中显著的净减少)”可知，本段主要介绍了关于植物夜间排放二氧化碳量多少的研究，故C选项“首先，植物在夜间排放更多的二氧化碳吗？”符合语境，故选C。 3．根据上文“Secondly, we should compare the impact of plants on air quality with that of other potential competitors, such as a partner, A single human breath contains around 40,000 ppm of CO2, more than 10 times the effect a plant could have in 8 hours.(其次，我们应该比较植物对空气质量的影响与其他潜在的竞争对手，如合作伙伴，一个人的呼吸含有大约40000 ppm的二氧化碳，比植物在8小时内产生的影响的10倍还多)”可知，本句与上文构成因果关系，指出伴侣对人的影响比植物更大。故G选项“所以你可能想在你的植物之前把你的伴侣打发走”符合语境，故选G。 4．根据上文“Finally, it is obvious that we don’t live in the sealed boxes in which these studies are carried out.(最后，很明显，我们并不是生活在进行这些研究的封闭盒子里)”可知，本句承接上文，说明不是生活在封闭盒子中的原因是存在气体交换的通道，故F选项“室内空气通过门窗不断交换”符合语境，故选F。 5．根据上文“In conclusion, the plant effect in our homes is very small in many ways.(总之，在很多方面，我们家中的植物效应是非常小的)”可知，本句与上文构成因果关系，指出植物对人的影响小。故B选项“所以只要你喜欢，随时都可以欣赏室内植物”符合语境，故选B。 15 （24-25高二上·福建福州·阶段练习）Pollution is one of the biggest problems in the world today. In many places, rubbish is thrown into lakes and rivers. 1 In some cities, the air is filled with pollution. 2 If it is not cleaned up, more people will be hurt. 3 Land and water pollution kill many animals every year. If we do not act to improve the environment, more living things will be killed by pollution! 4 There are some actions. We should separate rubbish into different groups. In this way, it can be recycled and reused. We had better plant more trees. 5 What’s more, we shouldn’t put the waste into lakes or rivers. If we can do these, we will make the world a better place to live in and we can be much healthier. A．This makes some people ill. B．Besides, animals are also hurt by pollution. C．Human beings can make the environment cleaner and cleaner. D．It’s time for us to take actions right away! E．Because of this, these places have already been polluted. F．Trees can reduce dust and help keep the air clean. G．Nobody should protect the environment. 【答案】1．E 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了污染的危害以及如何保护环境。 1．根据上文“Pollution is one of the biggest problems in the world today. In many places, rubbish is thrown into lakes and rivers.(污染是当今世界最大的问题之一。在许多地方，垃圾被扔进湖泊和河流)”可知，本句与上文构成因果关系，指出垃圾被扔进湖泊和河流导致这些地方被污染。故E选项“因此，这些地方已经被污染了”符合语境，故选E。 2．根据上文“In some cities, the air is filled with pollution.(在一些城市，空气中充满了污染)”可知，上文提到了城市中的空气污染，推测本句承接上文，说明空气污染带来的危害。故A选项“这使一些人生病”符合语境，故选A。 3．根据后文“Land and water pollution kill many animals every year.(土地和水污染每年杀死许多动物)”可知，后文提到土地和水污染每年杀死许多动物，说明动物也受到了污染的伤害。故B选项“此外，动物也受到污染的伤害”符合语境，故选B。 4．根据后文“There are some actions. We should separate rubbish into different groups. In this way, it can be recycled and reused. We had better plant more trees.(有一些行动。我们应该把垃圾分成不同的组。这样，它就可以被回收再利用。我们最好种更多的树)”可知，后文提到了一些保护环境的行动，即建议采取行动保护环境，故D选项“是我们马上采取行动的时候了！”符合语境，故选D。 5．根据上文“We had better plant more trees.(我们最好种更多的树)”可知，本句承接上文，说明应该种树的原因。故F选项“树木可以减少灰尘，帮助保持空气清洁”符合语境，故选F。 16 （22-23高二上·江西九江·期末）What Your Dog Is Really Thinking Reading a pup’s body language requires experience and expert guidance. Zazie Todd, a dog trainer and founder of the blog Companion Animal Psychology, considers how to figure out the dogs’ behaviour. If your dog licks their mouth They’re stressed. Recently, two European studies have highlighted the meaning of this licking. One found that it was a dogs’ response to seeing an angry or aggressive human face on a computer screen. 1 . If you spot this sign, try reducing your dog’s stress levels. It could be as simple as giving them more physical space. If there are fireworks and your dog is shaking The noises are frightening. 2 . But a surprising number of people don’t realize that shaking and trembling (and hiding or seeking out people) are signs of fear. Whereas only a quarter of owners say their dog is afraid of loud noises, half report these behavioural signs. 3 They’re anxious. Obvious signs of an unhappy dog include hiding or trying to leave the exam room, but commonly missed signs range from a tucked tail and lowered ears to trembling. If your dog gets stressed at appointments, ask what can be done. Many vets now use food to make the experience more fun. If your dog leans into you during a petting session. 4 . If you’re unsure that a dog is enjoying being petted, stop, then watch their reaction. If they choose to wander of, the session is over. Other signs of discomfort include smelling the floor, looking away and breathing heavily. However, if they lean on you or scratch at you to get more hugs, continue! 5 . A．They hate it B．They like it C．This is a common reaction D．If you’re at the vet and your dog’s tail is down E．If your dog looks guilty when you walk in the door and see a mess F．Preferred spots on their bodies are to either side of the chest and under the chin G．The other determined that dogs lick their mouths—and also look away—in response to a mild threat 【答案】1．G 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了狗的四种肢体代表的含义。 1．根据上文“They’re stressed. Recently, two European studies have highlighted the meaning of this licking. One found that it was a dogs’ response to seeing an angry or aggressive human face on a computer screen.”（他们紧张。最近，两项欧洲研究强调了这种舔的意义。其中一项研究发现，这是狗在电脑屏幕上看到愤怒或咄咄逼人的人脸时的反应。）可知，上文提到了一项研究发现，可知本句是在说明另一项研究的发现。结合选项G项The other determined that dogs lick their mouths—and also look away—in response to a mild threat.（另一项研究确定，狗在受到轻微威胁时，会舔自己的嘴，同时也会把目光移开。）符合此推断，为对上文内容的语意递进，符合语境。故选G项。 2．根据上文“The noises are frightening.”（噪音太吓人了。）以及下文“But a surprising number of people don’t realize that shaking and trembling (and hiding or seeking out people) are signs of fear. Whereas only a quarter of owners say their dog is afraid of loud noises, half report these behavioural signs.”（但令人惊讶的是，很多人没有意识到颤抖和颤抖(以及躲起来或寻找别人)是恐惧的表现。虽然只有四分之一的主人说他们的狗害怕大声的噪音，但有一半的人报告了这些行为迹象。）可知，上文提到噪音吓人，且后文提到很多人没有意识到发抖和颤抖(以及躲起来或寻找别人)是恐惧的表现，说明狗听到噪音并发抖是一个常见的反应，很多人没有意识到这恐惧的表现。结合选项C项This is a common reaction.（这是一种常见的反应。）可知，和上下文内容相关，起到上下文的承上启下作用，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。 3．由该题为段落小标题可知，为总结该段内容。该段下文“They’re anxious. Obvious signs of an unhappy dog include hiding or trying to leave the exam room, but commonly missed signs range from a tucked tail and lowered ears to trembling. If your dog gets stressed at appointments, ask what can be done. Many vets now use food to make the experience more fun.”（他们焦虑。狗狗不开心的明显迹象包括躲起来或试图离开检查室，但通常被忽略的迹象包括夹起尾巴、垂下耳朵、颤抖。如果你的狗在约会时感到压力，问问能做些什么。许多兽医现在用食物来增加体验的乐趣。）可知，本段主要说明狗焦虑时的一些外在表现。结合选项D项If you’re at the vet and your dog’s tail is down（如果你在兽医那里，你的狗的尾巴是下垂的。）意思一致，为总结该段内容，选项中的tail is down对应下文中的a tucked tail。故选D项。 4．根据下文“If you’re unsure that a dog is enjoying being petted, stop, then watch their reaction.  If they choose to wander of, the session is over. Other signs of discomfort include smelling the floor, looking away and breathing heavily. However, if they lean on you or scratch at you to get more hugs, continue!”（如果你不确定狗狗是否喜欢被抚摸，停下来，然后观察它们的反应。如果它们选择闲逛，那么就结束了。其他不舒服的迹象还包括闻地板的气味、转移视线和呼吸沉重。然而，如果它们靠在你身上或抓你来得到更多的拥抱，继续！）可知，说明狗在爱抚你的时候倾身靠近你是说明它们喜欢这种爱抚。结合选项B项They like it.（它们喜欢。）可知，上下文紧密连接，符合语境。故选B项。 5．根据上文“However, if they lean on you or scratch at you to get more hugs, continue!”（然而，如果它们靠在你身上或抓你来得到更多的拥抱，继续！）可知上文提到建议继续抚摸狗，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明应该抚摸狗的哪些部位。结合选项F项Preferred spots on their bodies are to either side of the chest and under the chin.（它们身体上的首选位置是胸部两侧和下巴下方。）符合此推断，承接上文内容，上下文紧密连接，符合语境。故选F项。 17 （23-24高二上·河北邯郸·期中）There’s a reason why dogs are called man’s best friend. Dogs and cats make wonderful companions and provide many emotional and physical benefits. The most obvious benefits of pet ownership are love and companionship. We feel especially secure with dogs and cats because of the unconditional love they provide. 1 Taking care of a dog or a cat can provide a sense of purpose and a feeling of being accepted. 2 When you feel securely attached to this living being, there are biological brain effects that reduce stress response, so it may affect your breathing rate or blood pressure or anxiety level. It’s not always easy caring for pets, however. Sometimes having them in the home poses safety threats for older adults. If you have problems with walking and stability and your pet can get under your feet or jump up and knock you over, then falls and broken bones are a real danger. 3 Animals carry all kinds of bacteria that can be transferred to humans. Dogs and cats can also cause allergic (过敏的) reactions in some pet owners. Before getting a pet, consider if you’re physically and mentally able to care for it. 4 Do you have the energy and strength to feed it, play with it, and in the case of dogs, take it for daily walks? Do you have the financial means to pay for pet food and visits to the veterinarian (兽医)? If you feel you have the mental, physical, and financial means to care for a pet, take the pet’s size into consideration — not too big and not too small. And consider the animal’s personality. 5 A．Avoid dogs with a lot of separation anxiety. B．Whatever you do or say, your pet always loves you. C．Do your parents help look after your pet? D．There are also health risks associated with pet ownership. E．The emotional benefits can translate into physical ones as well. F．They’re cute, but pets aren’t always appropriate for older adults. G．Do you have the memory skills to remember to feed the animal? 【答案】1．B 2．E 3．D 4．G 5．A 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了狗为什么称作人类最好的朋友，以及养狗的带来的身体和情感上的好处。 1．根据空前“We feel especially secure with dogs and cats because of the unconditional love they provide. (我们和猫狗在一起感到非常安全，是因为它们给我们的无条件的爱。)”可知，空前提到宠物给我们提供无条件的爱，故B项“无论你做什么，说什么，它们总是爱着你的。”符合，与空前的“unconditional love”相呼应，故选B项。 2．根据空后“When you feel securely attached to this living being, there are biological brain effects that reduce stress response, so it may affect your breathing rate or blood pressure or anxiety level. (当你感到与这种生物有着安全的联系时，大脑的生物效应会减少压力反应，因此它可能会影响你的呼吸频率、血压或者焦虑水平。)”可知，空后提到养宠物减少压力，降低血压或者减少焦虑，故E项“情感好处也能转变为身体上的好处。”符合，引出后文养宠物带来的情感好处和身体好处，故选E项。 3．根据空前“If you have problems with walking and stability and your pet can get under your feet or jump up and knock you over, then falls and broken bones are a real danger. (如果你行走和稳定性有问题，而你的宠物可能会钻到你的脚下或者跳起来把你撞倒，那么摔倒和骨折可能是一个真正的风险。)”可知，空前提到了宠物可能导致你摔伤或者骨折，再根据空后“Animals carry all kinds of bacteria that can be transferred to humans. (动物携带各种可以传染给人类的细菌。)”可知，空后又提到了宠物可能会传给人类细菌，故D项“饲养宠物也有着健康风险。”符合，引出后文宠物给人类带来细菌，故选D项。 4．根据空前“Before getting a pet, consider if you’re physically and mentally able to care for it. (在养宠物之前，考虑一下你的身体和精神是否有能力照顾它。)”以及空后“Do you have the energy and strength to feed it, play with it, and in the case of dogs, take it for daily walks? Do you have the financial means to pay for pet food and visits to the veterinarian (兽医)? (你是否有精力和力量喂养它，和它玩耍？如果是狗，每天带它散步吗？你是否有经济能力来支付食物以及看兽医的费用？)”可知，空前提出了要考虑自己是否有精力来照顾宠物，空后分别提出了两个问题，故G项“你是否能记住要给它们喂食？”符合，用空后构成并列，提出三个问题，故选G项。 5．根据空前“If you feel you have the mental, physical, and financial means to care for a pet, take the pet’s size into consideration—not too big and not too small. And consider the animal’s personality. (如果你觉得你有精神和财力去养宠物，那应该考虑一下宠物的大小——不要太大，也不能太小。并且要考虑动物的性格。)”可知，空前提到了养宠物时选择宠物的建议，故A项“避免喂养有分离焦虑的狗。”符合，继续提出相关建议，不要喂养有分离焦虑的狗，故选A项。 18 （23-24高二上·山东枣庄·期中）Helping the environment and protecting our resources are very important activities. 1 There are several ways that you can help protect this planet we call home. Use reusable bags. Plastic bags that get thrown out end up in landfills or in other parts of the environment. 2 Also, it takes decades for the bags to decompose (分解). Therefore, whether you are shopping for food, clothes or books, use a reusable bag. This cuts down on litter and prevents animals from getting hold of them. Use reusable drink containers. Instead of buying individually packaged drinks, consider buying a reusable water bottle. 3 A lot of coffee shops, Starbucks, for example, even offer a discount to customers who use a reusable container for their drinks. Save electricity. Use energy-efficient light bulbs (灯泡) instead of regular bulbs. They last longer, which will save you a bit of money. What’s more, make sure you turn off lights, the TV, and other devices when you are not using them. Turn off your air conditioning or heat when it’s not necessary. 4 Open your windows in the early fall or put on more clothes in the early winter. Save water. More water is wasted than we realize. Turn off the water tap when you are brushing your teeth. Don’t turn your shower on until you’re ready to get in and wash your hair. Limit your water usage as you wash dishes. 5 A．This is especially true as the seasons change. B．And students without doubt can make a difference. C．They last longer, which will save you a bit of money. D．Everyone should take measures to fight against the water pollution. E．These can kill animals who get stuck in them or mistake them for food. F．Not only will this help protect the environment, but help you save money. G．Developing these habits will be good for both the environment and your wallet. 【答案】1．B 2．E 3．F 4．A 5．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了几种如何帮助环境和保护我们的资源的方法和建议。 1．根据上文“Helping the environment and protecting our resources are very important activities.”（帮助环境和保护我们的资源是非常重要的活动。）可知，此处应该是讲谁来保护环境和资源，结合选项B项And students without doubt can make a difference.（毫无疑问，学生可以发挥作用。）符合语境，并且下文提出了一些保护环境和资源的方法，起到上下文的承上启下作用。故选B项。 2．根据下文“Also, it takes decades for the bags to decompose (分解). Therefore, whether you are shopping for food, clothes or books, use a reusable bag. This cuts down on litter and prevents animals from getting hold of them.”（而且，塑料袋需要几十年的时间才能分解。因此，无论你是购买食物、衣服还是书籍，都要使用可重复使用的袋子。这样可以减少垃圾，防止动物抓住它们。）可推断此处也在说使用塑料袋的坏处，结合选项E项These can kill animals who get stuck in them or mistake them for food.（它们可以杀死被困在里面的动物，或者把它们误认为食物。）符合题意，该句中的These指的就是上文的Plastic bags，上下文紧密连接，符合语境。故选E项。 3．根据上文“Instead of buying individually packaged drinks, consider buying a reusable water bottle.”（与其购买单独包装的饮料，不如考虑购买可重复使用的水瓶。）提到购买可重复使用的水瓶，以及下文“A lot of coffee shops, Starbucks, for example, even offer a discount to customers who use a reusable container for their drinks.”（许多咖啡店，例如星巴克，甚至为使用可重复使用的容器装饮料的顾客提供折扣。）说明使用可重复使用的容器的优点。结合选项F项Not only will this help protect the environment, but help you save money.（这不仅有助于保护环境，还能帮你省钱。）可知，承接上文内容，同时引起下文，起到上下文的承上启下作用，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。 4．根据上文“Turn off your air conditioning or heat when it’s not necessary.”（不需要的时候关掉空调或暖气。）提到关掉空调或暖气可以节约用电，以及下文“Open your windows in the early fall or put on more clothes in the early winter.”（在初秋打开窗户或在初冬多穿些衣服。）提到季节变化时可以做的节约用电的方式。结合选项A项This is especially true as the seasons change.（随着季节的变化，这一点尤其正确。）可知，承接上文内容，同时引起下文，上下文紧密连接，符合语境。故选A项。 5．由设空处为段尾句可知，为总结上文内容或与上文内容相关。根据上文“More water is wasted than we realize. Turn off the water tap when you are brushing your teeth. Don’t turn your shower on until you’re ready to get in and wash your hair. Limit your water usage as you wash dishes.”（被浪费的水比我们意识到的要多。刷牙的时候把水龙头关掉。在你准备好进屋洗头之前，不要打开淋浴器。当你洗碗的时候，限制你的用水量。）可知，本段主要讲的都是关于怎样节约用水的，结合选项G项Developing these habits will be good for both the environment and your wallet.（养成这些习惯对环境和你的钱包都有好处。）是对上文的内容总结，上下文紧密连接，符合语境。故选G项。 19 （23-24高二上·云南曲靖·阶段练习）When you’re heading out for a day at the beach, sunscreen (防晒霜) is a must. You diligently apply it to every bit of your exposed (暴露) skin. But what about your fur baby? 1 Here’s how to protect your dog and prevent the serious consequences of long-lasting sun exposure. The sun’s UV rays can be harmful to both people and pets. 2 So, do you need to apply dog sunscreen to your dog before every walk? It depends on the breed (品种) of your dog and specific situations, but in most cases, no. Most dogs can play outside without sun protection, but dogs with thin coats and hairless dogs need extra protection every time. The best way is to watch the clock and time for walks appropriately. 3 And keep your pet inside during these times. If you cannot keep your pet inside during these hours, it is best to apply sunscreen to exposed skin areas. 4 Surprisingly, yes. Most human sunscreen is safe for dogs, but there are a few ingredients you should watch out for. Do not use sunscreen containing octyl salicylate and zinc. 5 There are also dog-specific sunscreen available but you should seek advice from a veterinarian before buying one. A．In fact, it applies to all dogs. B．Believe it or not, your dog needs sunscreen too. C．Try to avoid the sun between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. D．But can your dog use sunscreen made for humans? E．You should apply sunscreen to your kids’ skin as well. F．Constant sun exposure can cause skin cancers in dogs. G．The best choice would be sunscreen that is safe for babies. 【答案】1．B 2．F 3．C 4．D 5．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章对宠物狗的防晒提供了一些建议。 1．上文“You diligently apply it to every bit of your exposed (暴露) skin. But what about your fur baby? (你孜孜不倦地把它涂在每一块暴露在外的皮肤上。但是你的毛皮宠物宝宝怎么办？)”说明毛皮宠物也需要防晒，选项B“信不信由你，你的狗也需要防晒霜。”承接上文，具体提出宠物狗也需要使用防晒霜。故选B项。 2．上文“The sun’s UV rays can be harmful to both people and pets. (太阳的紫外线对人和宠物都是有害的。)”说明太阳紫外线对宠物也有害，选项F “长期暴露在阳光下会导致狗患皮肤癌。”承接上文，具体说明太阳对宠物狗的伤害，引出下文“So, do you need to apply dog sunscreen to your dog before every walk? (所以，你需要在每次遛狗之前给你的狗涂狗防晒霜吗？)”和上文存在因果关系。故选F项。 3．上文“The best way is to watch the clock and time for walks appropriately. (最好的方法是适当地观察时钟和散步的时间)”建议选择合适的出门散步时间，选项“C上午10点到下午4点之间尽量避免晒太阳。”承接上文，具体建议出门散步的时间，避免太阳暴晒。故选C项。 4．下文“Surprisingly, yes. Most human sunscreen is safe for dogs, but there are a few ingredients you should watch out for. (令人惊讶的是，是的。大多数人类防晒霜对狗是安全的，但有一些成分你应该注意)”肯定回答了一般问句，说明宠物狗也能使用人类防晒霜，选项D“但是你的狗能用人类专用的防晒霜吗？”是一般疑问句，提问宠物狗能不能使用人类防晒霜。故选D项。 5．上文“Most human sunscreen is safe for dogs, but there are a few ingredients you should watch out for. (大多数人类防晒霜对狗是安全的，但有一些成分你应该注意。不要使用含有水杨酸辛酯和锌的防晒霜)”提出使用人类防晒霜时的注意事项，要注意安全，选项G“最好的选择是对婴儿安全的防晒霜。”承接上文，建议使用安全的防晒霜。故选G项。 20 （23-24高二上·四川达州·单元测试Break Your Bad Habits Nowadays in real life, many people have all kinds of bad habits, but getting rid of them takes a bit more effort. Whether they’re “traditional (like biting your nails, snacking on junk food, gossiping, or twirling your hair) or more hi-tech (like texting), bad habits all have one thing in common: They’re hard to break. You can do it, though. So if you’re ready, gather your willpower, follow these steps, and wave goodbye to that bad habit forever! Step 1 1 Make a note every time you engage in your habit. Write down the time and where you are, as well as how you’re feeling. Are you bored, angry, or sad? The more you understand the reason behind your habit, the more control you’ll have over it. Step 2 Pay attention to when your bad habit pops up. Do you see any patterns in your journal? Do you always bite your nails before a test? Are you more likely to eat junk food, like chips or candy, when you’re doing your homework? If you notice a pattern of your habit, 2 For example, if you bite your nails when you’re stressed, try to find other ways to calm yourself, like taking slow, deep breaths. Step 3 Replace your bad habit with a good. Instead of biting your nails or twirling your hair, keep your fingers busy drawing or knitting. If gossip is your problem, challenge yourself to say nice things about people. Each time you substitute your new activity for your old one, 3 Step 4 Stay focused. Write down a promise to yourself: “I will stop biting my nails” or “I will stop texting so much”. Make a list of the days of the week, and place a gold star next to each day that you don’t engage in your habit. If you can’t get through a whole day at first, 4 Before you know it, you’ll have a whole page of gold stars! Step 5 Keep at it. Maybe you’ve heard the expression “Old habits die hard”? Well, it’s true! It usually takes three weeks to a month to break a bad habit. So if you mess up one day, don’t give up! 5 Eventually you’ll have more successes than failures. Remember, if you put your mind to it, you can do anything—even break that bad, bad habit! A．Keep a journal for a day (or two). B．He has the bad habit of biting his nails. C．Just go right back to trying again the next day. D．I want to stop, and sometimes I even quit for a day. E．you’ll be one step closer to breaking that bad habit. F．break each day down into smaller segments of time. G．start thinking about ways you can change the pattern. 【答案】1．A 2．G 3．E 4．F 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了改掉不良习惯的几种方法。 1．设空处小标题句。根据下文“Make a note every time you engage in your habit. Write down the time and where you are, as well as how you’re feeling. Are you bored, angry, or sad? The more you understand the reason behind your habit, the more control you’ll have over it. (每次养成习惯的时候都做个笔记。写下你的时间和地点，以及你的感受。你是否感到无聊、愤怒或悲伤?你越了解你的习惯背后的原因，你就越能控制它。)”可知是本段主要关于写日记，从 Step 2 部分的第一句中的“in your journal”也可以推断出是关于写日记的，A选项“坚持写一天(或两天)日记。”符合题意，故选 A 项。 2． 根据上文“Are you more likely to eat junk food, like chips or candy, when you’re doing your homework? If you notice a pattern of your habit (你考试前总是咬指甲吗?当你做作业的时候，你是否更容易吃垃圾食品，比如薯片或糖果?如果你注意到你的习惯模式)”可推测，如果你发现了习惯的模式，那么就开始思考改变这种模式，G选项“开始思考你可以改变这种模式的方法。”符合题意，并且引出下文的例子“例如，如果你在压力大的时候咬指甲，试着找其他方法让自己平静下来，比如慢慢地深呼吸。”也是对改变模式的进一步说明，故选G项。 3． 根据上文“Instead of biting your nails or twirling your hair, keep your fingers busy drawing or knitting. If gossip is your problem, challenge yourself to say nice things about people. Each time you substitute your new activity for your old one (不要咬指甲或捻头发，让你的手指忙于画画或编织。如果八卦是你的问题，挑战自己说别人的好话。每次用新活动代替旧习惯时，)”可知本段主要介绍用好的习惯替代不良的习惯，E选项“你离改掉这个坏习惯又近了一步。”正是上文的结果，并且紧密连接上文，符合本段主旨，故选E项。 4．根据空前“If you can’t get through a whole day at first (如果你一开始不能坚持一整天)”可推测下文应该是调整时间，比如可以把每天的时间分成小段。F选项中“把每天分成更小的时间段。”符合题意，并且上文的“a whole day”和选项中的“smaller segments of time”相对应，故选 F 项。 5． 本段主要讲坚持，不放弃。根据上文“So if you mess up one day, don’t give up! (所以如果有一天你搞砸了，不要放弃!)”和下文“Eventually you’ll have more successes than failures. (最终你的成功会比失败多。)”可推测，设空处也和坚持有关。C选项“第二天再试一次。”承上启下，符合本段主旨，并且选项中的“trying again”呼应上文的“don’t give up”，故选C 项。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！42 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 高二上学期期末考点大串讲 精选七选五20 篇 1 （24-25高二上·四川内江·期中）Making good eye contact is a surprisingly difficult yet important part of good communication skills. If you want to improve your ability to look people in the eye, you can practice making eye contact on your own to give the right impression in conversations. 1 Try to relax as much as possible. The more you think about what you’re doing, the more awkward you’ll feel. Your nervousness can then be misinterpreted as dishonesty. 2 If you’re going into an important meeting or interview, do some breathing exercises. A few big, full, deep breaths can do a lot to calm you down. 3 It’s actually physically somewhat difficult to keep your eyes locked on both of another person’s eyes. It’s more common to focus on one, or on a spot on the face, rather than trying to look at both eyes at once. If it helps, try moving back and forth between the two eyes. Break your gaze (凝视) to make other gestures while listening. 4 This looks natural as well as providing you with a needed break if necessary. Try to keep your eyes focused while you talk as well as listen. It’s one thing to look while you’re listening. 5 Don’t be afraid if you have to break your gaze occasionally, but try to keep your face and eyes forward and up as you’re talking. A．Focus on one eye. B．Practice other good listening skills. C．So staying relaxed is of particular importance. D．Try to keep your eyes open as much as possible. E．Doing so can make you a better listener and a more effective speaker. F．It’s good to break eye contact when you’re laughing, or to nod and smile. G．But it’s more difficult to keep eye contact while you’re also trying to say something. 2 （24-25高二上·河北沧州·阶段练习）On the whole, the fashion industry as we know it is an environmental nightmare (噩梦). In 2018, it was responsible for 2.31 billion tons of greenhouse gas emissions (排放物), as well as serious water pollution. 1 . But we can be more thoughtful in our shopping practices and reduce our own footprints with some small but impactful changes. Go second-hand 2 . But you don’t have to search through the offerings at your local second-hand store. Newer online platforms (平台) like Depop, and luxury resellers The Real Real and Vestiaire Collective — along with more established marketplaces like eBay and Etsy — make the treasure hunt easy at home. Rent instead of buying Renting clothes for everyday occasions, once an unfamiliar idea, has now become widely accepted. 3 , according to market research firm IMARC Group, and is projected to hit $2.08 billion by 2025. Choose slow fashion Much of the waste in the clothing industry results from the rise of fast fashion. Brands (品牌) like Zara and H&M use speedy production methods and cheap labor to keep stores freshly supplied with enormous amounts of cheaply made products. 4 . They often produce fewer collections and prioritize (优先考虑) sustainable production practices. 5 Before buying something, research the brand online to find out more about its sourcing and producing practices, as well as its social responsibility efforts. However, be aware that some brands are open to this while others are not. A．Ask the right questions. B．Wash your clothes safely. C．We can’t shop our way out of the climate crisis. D．Some brands are slowly changing their practices. E．If you prefer to buy new clothes, consider choosing “slow” fashion brands. F．Shopping second-hand is a great way to give a second life to a piece of clothing. G．The global clothing renting market was estimated to be worth $1.26 billion in 2019. 3 （24-25高二上·陕西渭南·阶段练习）How to Protect Wildlife Wildlife faces threats from habitat destruction (毁坏栖息地), pollution, and other human actions. Although protecting wildlife may seem too hard at times, even small actions can help protect many different animals. Protecting wildlife from being endangered is every family’s duty. 1 ●Create wildlife friendly areas. When trying to make your garden more beautiful, choose plants that can provide food and shelter to native wildlife. 2 Build bird houses to your garden or yard to attract and shelter these species. ● 3 By using less water and fewer fuels (燃料), you will be helping to protect the wildlife around you. Take buses or the subway when you can and turn off electric products when you’re not using them. ●Buy products that are wildlife-friendly. 4 Keep in mind that some endangered animals are killed by traps, catches or hunters who are after other wildlife within the same habitat. ● 5 Population growth is one of the major reasons in habitat destruction. With the rapidly growing population, more and more habitats for wildlife are used by humans. — Each family should be limited two children per family. In this way, the Earth’s population will stabilize (稳定) and native habitats can be protected. A．Limit family size. B．Live a greener life. C．Write letters to a local newspaper. D．Donate money to organizations. E．Here are some instructions. F．This will also help cut down on pollution. G．Avoid products that are made from endangered animals. 4 （24-25高二上·广东佛山·阶段练习）The idea of Leave No Trace (痕迹) might seem unimportant until you consider the combined effects-of millions of outdoor visitors. One poorly located campsite may have little significance. 1 . Leaving no trace is everyone’s responsibility, and here are some Leave No Trace tips for visitors to lessen their impact as much as possible. Plan ahead and prepare. Arranging an-outdoor activity is necessary for leaving no trace and it makes the trip more enjoyable. 2 . For example, if you weren’t prepared for rain while camping, you might need to construct a structure out of natural materials, thereby impacting the landscape. Leave what you find. Allow others a sense of discovery, and preserve (保护) the past. Leave rocks, plants, animals, and other objects as you find them. You especially shouldn’t touch or move native species away from the location, or you may possibly harm their habitats or spread them to non-native locations. 3 Respect wildlife. Quick movements and loud noises cause stress for animals. 4 They observe wildlife distantly to avoid disturbing (打扰) them. Keep garbage and food away from animals so they will not develop bad habits. They know the importance of keeping wildlife wild. 5 . Pack it in; pack it out. This simple yet effective saying encourages visitors to take their rubbish home with them. It makes sense to carry out of the wilderness the extra materials taken there by your group or others. Examine your campsite and accept the challenge of packing out all the rubbish and leftover food. A．Deal with waste properly. B．Take care of other visitors. C．They drive animals sway from their habitats. D．Thoughtful campers usually know the do’s and don’ts well. E．Leave nature be and take photos or appreciate it in the distance. F．Poor planning may cause unexpected damage to the environment. G．Thousands of such cases, however, affect the outdoor experience for all. 5 （24-25高二上·山东滨州·阶段练习）The environment has never been more in need of a helping hand from us. It’s important that we all do our bit to help the environment. Schools, in particular, are in a great position to educate future generations and make sure that good environmental habits are learned and adopted from an early age. 1 Turn off the lights and fit energy-efficient lights. Saving energy used for lighting is one of the easiest things that we can do. 2 Turn off lights when they’re not needed. Signage (标志) asking people to turn off the lights can act as a useful reminder. Go paperless! The world is becoming ever more digital, with paper now being seen as outdated (过时的) in many cases. 3 However, it sometimes needs people to change how they do things. Think twice before printing or photocopying all those A4 pages, for example. Reject plastic water bottles. It is easy for everyone to make a difference to the environment with very little effort. 4 One effective change is to stop buying water bottles that are only used once and then recycled. Instead, reuse existing bottles and containers. This small change not only reduces waste but also helps to protect our environment in the long run. 5 Sending waste to landfills (垃圾填埋场) isn’t the best use of the world’s resources. Besides, the space available for landfills is rapidly running out. Instead, promote recycling by providing proper and appealing facilities with clear signage. This is the key to preventing pollution of different waste streams. A．Get everyone included in it. B．Encourage and enable recycling. C．This is good news for the environment. D．Try to use natural light as much as possible. E．Here are some tips to make your school more eco-friendly. F．By making a simple change in our daily habits, we can have a healthier campus. G．Carrying out recycling programs throughout the campus can reduce waste. 6 （24-25高二上·四川巴中·开学考试）Rock climbing has become a mainstream pleasure enjoyed by many. The natural world offers a thrilling adventure through beautiful environments filled with wildlife. However, rock climbing happens in places that are generally hard to access and unsuitable for agricultural expansion and urbanization. As a result, they have generally suffered less human impact and the areas tend to be important sites for biodiversity. 1 With the sport booming, the amazing biodiversity sustained by cliff ecosystems is under pressure. 2 Giving nesting birds some place is what climbers can do. The presence of climbers at the cliff where birds are nesting tends to cause them to abandon their chicks to starvation. Climbers should check in advance if there are any bird nesting restrictions. This information is usually available on climbing guidebooks. 3 If climbers spot a nest, try to leave a note and find a way to communicate this to the rest of the local climbing community. Some cliff- specialist plant species have very narrow ranges. If a suitable habitat is rare, they have few opportunities to grow elsewhere. However, climbers can remove vegetation and soil when establishing a route that has not been climbed before. 4 So climbers should keep the impact on vegetation in mind when developing new climbing routes. Even they can work with other route developers and conservationists to understand the potential impact on the plants. The number of climbers heading out to these cliffs is increasing at an astonishing pace. It is essential for climbers to know what they can do for the protection of the cliff ecosystem. 5 Please help those with less experience and knowledge by sharing the information about climbing and biodiversity damage! A．This can wipe out the cliff ecosystem that was there previously. B．And some organizations have an online database offered to check. C．Therefore, every climber is responsible for protecting the cliff ecosystem. D．Even climbers can ask the climbing gym to organise a discussion about this topic. E．Seemingly a straightforward way is to spread the word about these good practices. F．These data can then be accessed by scientists to avoid environmental issues on cliffs. G．For example, 40% of sport climbing areas in Spain are found in nature protection areas. 7 （23-24高二下·四川遂宁·阶段练习）How to Make Your Garden Pet-Friendly? Whether you have a dog, cat or a host of different animals to spend your time with, have you ever thought of providing your pet with a comfortable garden? 1 And it’s crucial that they have a safe environment in which to play in the open air. 2 This could stretch the whole breadth of your garden, or just a section if you’d prefer to keep a part of your space as a human-only zone. When choosing what to have underfoot, grass is a clear winner and paved pathways are also safe for paws to pad about on. Try to avoid loose materials such as small stones since they can get stuck and injure your pet. Meanwhile, some flowers such as Daffodils, English Ivy and Mistletoe can be harmful to dogs. 3 Can you imagine spending summer in a fur coat without a break? Apparently, finding shade for an animal is vital. Be sure to provide areas where pets can rest and retreat from the sun. 4 Since animals aren’t known for their lavatorial (入厕的) manners, you will be left to clear up their business. 5 Other than being an eyesore for your much-loved landscape, not clearing up after your pets could lead to health problems for humans and other animals. A．Our furry companions definitely love the outdoors. B．So you’d better research what flowers your pet like. C．However annoying the chore, it’s an important one. D．Start with a strong, firm fence to assign their boundaries. E．It is also a polite behavior for the pet-owner in public places. F．Leaving water in these spaces can encourage them to visit. G．Thus, knowing what plants could be potentially poisonous is important. 8 （23-24高二下·北京丰台·期末）What Came First, the Chicken or the Egg? Chickens are one of the most economically important animals in the world today. 1 , Recent advancements in archaeological methodologies have unveiled that numerous bone discoveries, once believed to be evidence of early chickens, actually belong to wild birds. Now, in a new publication, an international team of archaeologists, historians, and biomolecular scientists present the earliest clear evidence for the raising of chickens for egg production. Using eggshell fragments collected from 12 archaeological sites covering roughly 1500 years, the researchers show that chickens were widely raised in Central Asia from approximately 400 BCE to 1000 CE and were likely spread along the ancient Silk Road. 2 . It was this trait of productive egg laying, the researchers argue, that made the domestic chicken so attractive to ancient peoples 3 . They collected tens of thousands of eggshell fragments from sites located along the main Central Asian corridor of the Silk Road. They then used a method of biomolecular analysis called ZooMS to identify the source of the eggs.  The identification of these shell fragments as chickens, and their abundance at each site, led the researchers to an important conclusion. 4 . In the wild, this kind of bird nests once per year and typically lays six eggs per clutch (窝). This is the earliest evidence for the loss of seasonal egg laying yet identified in the archaeological record. Meanwhile, it is an important clue for better understanding the mutualistic (共生的) relationships between humans and animals that resulted in domestication Taken together, the new study suggests an answer to the age-old riddle of the chicken and the egg. 5 . A．To reach these conclusions, the team did a lot of work. B．The abundance of eggshells further suggests that the birds were laying out of season. C．Yet, the story of how they originated and spread throughout the ancient world remains largely unclear. D．Research shows chickens were bred throughout southern Central Asia, and were spread along the ancient Silk Road. E．The birds must have been laying more frequently than their wild ancestor, the red jungle fowl F．They argue that the loss of seasonal egg laying was the main drive for the spread of domestic chickens across Eurasia and northeast Africa G．As the evidence in Central Asia suggests, the ability to lay a large number of eggs is what made the chicken the chicken we know today. 9 （23-24高二下·全国·期末）World Environment Day, celebrated annually on June 5th, is a global event that encourages action for the protection of our environment. Established by the United Nations in1974, it has become a platform for the public in over 100 countries. 1 Here are four simple ways you can care for your environment. ●Reduce, Reuse, Recycle The principle “reduce, reuse, recycle” is important. 2 Reduce: Be mindful of your consumption. Use products with minimal packaging and consider if you truly need that new item. Reuse: Think of creative ways to repurpose items. Recycle: Make sure to recycle paper, plastics, metals, and electronics. ●Conserve water Water is a precious resource, and conserving it helps ensure its availability for future generations. A dripping faucet can waste gallons of water over time so ensure all taps, pipes, and toilets are leak-free. 3 ●Choose sustainable transportation Transportation is a significant source of greenhouse gases. Opting for more sustainable modes of transport can make a big difference. 4 Also consider buses, trains, or carpooling to reduce the vehicles on the road. Consider investing in an electric vehicle, which has a lower environmental impact compared to traditional cars. ● 5 This step helps reduce your carbon footprint and promotes sustainable agriculture. Local products travel shorter distances to reach you, reducing transportation emissions. Plus, organic farming practices reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers, promoting soil health. Small, consistent actions can lead to significant benefits. Remember, every action counts ,and together we can create a more sustainable future. A．Support local and organic products B．For short distances, consider walking or cycling. C．Improve air quality and provide habitats for wildlife. D．This year, we focus on everyday steps that anyone can take. E．Use water-efficient appliances, for example, low-flow shower heads. F．It reminds us of the reasoning behind minimizing waste and conserving resources. G．They include these simple practices into your daily life and contribute to our planet. 10 （23-24高二下·四川南充·期末）First-aid kits are most commonly used for minor injuries like cuts, but they can also help you in less-common emergency situations, such as heart attacks or life-threatening bleeding. 1 Buy the right container Your first-aid items should be kept in a waterproof bag or an airtight container with clear separate sections that allow you to quickly see what's inside the kit. 2 . A good quality ready-made first-aid kit should have most, if not all, of the things recommended on the official website of the Red Cross. 3 Add notice to your calendar to remind you to check and make sure any medications in the kit are valid. “That also reminds you why you have a first-aid kit, and it may also help you recall any we've had, ”Dr. Charlton says. Get some training There's no better way to prepare yourself for emergencies than by taking a course. Organizations like the Red Cross offer basic first aid and CPR certifications that can be completed over a weekend. 4 , some in pocket size that you can keep in your kit. These guides can help you through a range of situations—from panic attacks to spinal(脊柱)injuries—with pictograms. Know when to get help 5 . If a wound is large or deep, or doesn't stop bleeding after 10 minutes of pressure, call 911 or head to the nearest hospital emergency room. Also seek help if you or someone else has trouble breathing, or experiences sudden or severe pain or any other potential medical emergency. A．Keep items separate B．Check validity period C．They also publish handbooks D．The first aid videos are also provided by the Red Cross E．Any cut longer than l inch will need medical assistance F．That way you needn't dig around it to find what you need G．Here are the important basics you can prepare for any emergency 11 （23-24高二下·湖南郴州·期末）Whether it’s gas, food, clothing, cars, furniture, water, toys, electronics or other goods, we are all consumers. The key is not to stop consuming, but to start being mindful of our consumption habits and how each purchase or action affects the ecosystem. 1 . Consume less Limiting consumption can have a huge impact on the environment. The three “Rs” — reduce, reuse and recycle — get a lot of attention. However, the planet could benefit from some focus on the most important and most underrepresented “R”: refuse. When you refuse, you say “no”, which is not always easy. 2 , think about whether it would truly improve your life. If not, it’s OK to just say, “No, thanks! ” Walk, bike or carpool According to the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a typical passenger vehicle emits about 4. 6 metric tons of carbon dioxide per year. Any amount of that we can cut back on will help. 3 . If travelling on foot or two wheels isn’t feasible (可行的), try carpooling with a friend, neighbor or coworker to a mutual destination. 4 Get creative with your useless or unwanted items by upcycling — basically, turning trash into treasure. Creating something new such as artwork, toys or jewelry is both satisfying and one of the best ways to protect the environment. Not only does it keep items out of the trash, it can prevent having to purchase new items, which require lots of resources to produce. Children love making things; so instead of heading to the craft store, check out your recycle bin first and let their imaginations soar! Use your purchasing power for good The positive thing about being a consumer is that we have the power to choose where we spend our hard-earned dollars. 5 . Spend it wisely on goods, services and experiences that leave a smaller carbon footprint. Choose to do business with companies that support sustainability efforts, utilize renewable energy sources and walk the walk when it comes to protecting the environment. A．Upcycle more B．Recycle properly C．If you want to consume less or recycle a used item D．Here are several ways you can start to protect the environment E．Think of your money as your voice and your vote for a cleaner planet F．Next time you’re tempted to purchase or accept a non-essential item G．For short trips, try walking or biking — you’ll also get a healthy dose of exercise in 12 （23-24高二下·陕西渭南·阶段练习）Animals deserve to live a safe and healthy life as much as humans do. Sadly, this does not have universal acceptance. Some people try to get profit from everything and sometimes animals become victims. It is vital that we take action to protect animals. 1 Spread awareness. One way to protect endangered animals is to create awareness about them. You can create local community groups that work for this cause. Having seminars (研讨会) is another way of creating awareness. 2 Our routine activities directly or indirectly influence their lifestyle. 3 It is important to watch the road when you are going through roads in forest areas. Many animals die while trying to cross the road because people do not pay attention to them. So we can save their lives by being more careful. Avoid plastic items. Do you know what happens to a plastic bag thrown into a river? 4 Plastic is a big threat to wildlife. And we have to reduce the overconsumption of life-threatening products to protect the endangered species. Prevent plastic items such as bags and containers. Shop in a handmade woven bag and recycle the boxes. Spend time rescuing animals in your locality. As a volunteer, you can offer support to animal rescue teams in your area. 5 Spending a portion of your daily or weekly schedule is one step towards saving wildlife and protecting endangered species. A．Change your regular routine. B．Such organizations are always short of funds and are looking for animal lovers to support the cause. C．So, we highly suggest careful use of water. D．Drive carefully in forest areas. E．Below are some simple ways in which we can all contribute towards the protection of endangered animals. F．Also, familiarize people around you with the importance of the animals in your surroundings. G．It is probably eaten by an adult turtle, choking it to death. 13 （23-24高二下·山西晋城·开学考试）Why don’t birds on a wire get a shock?? Now how is that possible? The fact is, for a living creature to get a shock there has to be a substantial flow of currents through the body. 1 Firstly, the bird not only forms a circuit with the wire, but it also offers high resistance to currents, so currents pass through the wire instead of the bird. It’s a bit like this, would you prefer going on a smooth road or a road full of holes? The answer is obvious. 2 All objects offer some amount of resistance to the flow of currents, depending on the material. 3 However, the most important reason why currents don’t pass through the bird is, there is barely any voltage (电压) difference across the bird. Current flow is actually just a flow of minute charged particles (粒子). These charged particles need an energy input in order for them to move. The amount of energy needed to move the charges from one point to another is measured in terms of the potential difference between the two points. A bird sitting on high-tension wires has both its feet placed firmly on the same wire. 4 In order for currents to flow through the bird, there must be a sizeable difference in voltage across the body. The potential difference between the bird’s two feet is tiny and so a very small current flows through the bird which can barely be registered. 5 On the other hand if it were to touch the wire and some other object connected to the ground, it would receive a deadly shock. A．Currents travel like water. B．There are differences in birds’ shapes. C．Just like you, the current prefers taking the easier path. D．This is just one of the reasons why birds don’t get a shock. E．However, there’s barely any current running through the bird’s body for two reasons. F．Therefore, the net potential difference from one end of the bird to the other is almost zero. G．If the bird were to touch the wire and another wire at the same time, it would receive a mild shock. 14 （23-24高二下·江苏南京·期末）There’s a belief that it is inadvisable to have plants in the bedroom. The concern is about how plants breathe. While plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen in the day, at night this is the opposite. 1 But to tell whether sharing our bedroom with our plants is a risk to health, we have to consider three things. 2 This is tricky to answer as it depends on everything from species to light levels and even room temperature, Also, there’s not much research on the exact measurements in indoor settings. Thankfully, in 2015, researchers at Turkey’s Kastamonu University found that houseplants like ficus (榕树) and yuccas (丝兰), when sealed (密封) in glass boxes, absorb between six and eight times as much CO2 in the day as they emit at night. This results in a significant net reduction over a full day. Secondly, we should compare the impact of plants on air quality with that of other potential competitors, such as a partner, A single human breath contains around 40,000 ppm of CO2, more than 10 times the effect a plant could have in 8 hours. 3 Also, consider this. Indoor plants grow in less light than they would ideally get in nature. So, they photosynthesize (光合作用) at a lower rate. This further reduces their impact on air quality. Finally, it is obvious that we don’t live in the sealed boxes in which these studies are carried out. 4 Even our movements can influence its flow. In conclusion, the plant effect in our homes is very small in many ways. 5 If sleeping near plants were bad for your health, camping in a forest would be definitely deadly. A．Firstly, how do plants breathe at night? B．So enjoy houseplants whenever you like. C．Firstly, do plants emit more CO2 at night? D．Camping can be a good escape if you are worried. E．This means they compete with us for air when we sleep. F．Indoor air is constantly exchanged through doors and windows. G．So you might want to send your partner away before your plants. 15 （24-25高二上·福建福州·阶段练习）Pollution is one of the biggest problems in the world today. In many places, rubbish is thrown into lakes and rivers. 1 In some cities, the air is filled with pollution. 2 If it is not cleaned up, more people will be hurt. 3 Land and water pollution kill many animals every year. If we do not act to improve the environment, more living things will be killed by pollution! 4 There are some actions. We should separate rubbish into different groups. In this way, it can be recycled and reused. We had better plant more trees. 5 What’s more, we shouldn’t put the waste into lakes or rivers. If we can do these, we will make the world a better place to live in and we can be much healthier. A．This makes some people ill. B．Besides, animals are also hurt by pollution. C．Human beings can make the environment cleaner and cleaner. D．It’s time for us to take actions right away! E．Because of this, these places have already been polluted. F．Trees can reduce dust and help keep the air clean. G．Nobody should protect the environment. 16 （22-23高二上·江西九江·期末）What Your Dog Is Really Thinking Reading a pup’s body language requires experience and expert guidance. Zazie Todd, a dog trainer and founder of the blog Companion Animal Psychology, considers how to figure out the dogs’ behaviour. If your dog licks their mouth They’re stressed. Recently, two European studies have highlighted the meaning of this licking. One found that it was a dogs’ response to seeing an angry or aggressive human face on a computer screen. 1 . If you spot this sign, try reducing your dog’s stress levels. It could be as simple as giving them more physical space. If there are fireworks and your dog is shaking The noises are frightening. 2 . But a surprising number of people don’t realize that shaking and trembling (and hiding or seeking out people) are signs of fear. Whereas only a quarter of owners say their dog is afraid of loud noises, half report these behavioural signs. 3 They’re anxious. Obvious signs of an unhappy dog include hiding or trying to leave the exam room, but commonly missed signs range from a tucked tail and lowered ears to trembling. If your dog gets stressed at appointments, ask what can be done. Many vets now use food to make the experience more fun. If your dog leans into you during a petting session. 4 . If you’re unsure that a dog is enjoying being petted, stop, then watch their reaction. If they choose to wander of, the session is over. Other signs of discomfort include smelling the floor, looking away and breathing heavily. However, if they lean on you or scratch at you to get more hugs, continue! 5 . A．They hate it B．They like it C．This is a common reaction D．If you’re at the vet and your dog’s tail is down E．If your dog looks guilty when you walk in the door and see a mess F．Preferred spots on their bodies are to either side of the chest and under the chin G．The other determined that dogs lick their mouths—and also look away—in response to a mild threat 17 （23-24高二上·河北邯郸·期中）There’s a reason why dogs are called man’s best friend. Dogs and cats make wonderful companions and provide many emotional and physical benefits. The most obvious benefits of pet ownership are love and companionship. We feel especially secure with dogs and cats because of the unconditional love they provide. 1 Taking care of a dog or a cat can provide a sense of purpose and a feeling of being accepted. 2 When you feel securely attached to this living being, there are biological brain effects that reduce stress response, so it may affect your breathing rate or blood pressure or anxiety level. It’s not always easy caring for pets, however. Sometimes having them in the home poses safety threats for older adults. If you have problems with walking and stability and your pet can get under your feet or jump up and knock you over, then falls and broken bones are a real danger. 3 Animals carry all kinds of bacteria that can be transferred to humans. Dogs and cats can also cause allergic (过敏的) reactions in some pet owners. Before getting a pet, consider if you’re physically and mentally able to care for it. 4 Do you have the energy and strength to feed it, play with it, and in the case of dogs, take it for daily walks? Do you have the financial means to pay for pet food and visits to the veterinarian (兽医)? If you feel you have the mental, physical, and financial means to care for a pet, take the pet’s size into consideration — not too big and not too small. And consider the animal’s personality. 5 A．Avoid dogs with a lot of separation anxiety. B．Whatever you do or say, your pet always loves you. C．Do your parents help look after your pet? D．There are also health risks associated with pet ownership. E．The emotional benefits can translate into physical ones as well. F．They’re cute, but pets aren’t always appropriate for older adults. G．Do you have the memory skills to remember to feed the animal? 18 （23-24高二上·山东枣庄·期中）Helping the environment and protecting our resources are very important activities. 1 There are several ways that you can help protect this planet we call home. Use reusable bags. Plastic bags that get thrown out end up in landfills or in other parts of the environment. 2 Also, it takes decades for the bags to decompose (分解). Therefore, whether you are shopping for food, clothes or books, use a reusable bag. This cuts down on litter and prevents animals from getting hold of them. Use reusable drink containers. Instead of buying individually packaged drinks, consider buying a reusable water bottle. 3 A lot of coffee shops, Starbucks, for example, even offer a discount to customers who use a reusable container for their drinks. Save electricity. Use energy-efficient light bulbs (灯泡) instead of regular bulbs. They last longer, which will save you a bit of money. What’s more, make sure you turn off lights, the TV, and other devices when you are not using them. Turn off your air conditioning or heat when it’s not necessary. 4 Open your windows in the early fall or put on more clothes in the early winter. Save water. More water is wasted than we realize. Turn off the water tap when you are brushing your teeth. Don’t turn your shower on until you’re ready to get in and wash your hair. Limit your water usage as you wash dishes. 5 A．This is especially true as the seasons change. B．And students without doubt can make a difference. C．They last longer, which will save you a bit of money. D．Everyone should take measures to fight against the water pollution. E．These can kill animals who get stuck in them or mistake them for food. F．Not only will this help protect the environment, but help you save money. G．Developing these habits will be good for both the environment and your wallet. 19 （23-24高二上·云南曲靖·阶段练习）When you’re heading out for a day at the beach, sunscreen (防晒霜) is a must. You diligently apply it to every bit of your exposed (暴露) skin. But what about your fur baby? 1 Here’s how to protect your dog and prevent the serious consequences of long-lasting sun exposure. The sun’s UV rays can be harmful to both people and pets. 2 So, do you need to apply dog sunscreen to your dog before every walk? It depends on the breed (品种) of your dog and specific situations, but in most cases, no. Most dogs can play outside without sun protection, but dogs with thin coats and hairless dogs need extra protection every time. The best way is to watch the clock and time for walks appropriately. 3 And keep your pet inside during these times. If you cannot keep your pet inside during these hours, it is best to apply sunscreen to exposed skin areas. 4 Surprisingly, yes. Most human sunscreen is safe for dogs, but there are a few ingredients you should watch out for. Do not use sunscreen containing octyl salicylate and zinc. 5 There are also dog-specific sunscreen available but you should seek advice from a veterinarian before buying one. A．In fact, it applies to all dogs. B．Believe it or not, your dog needs sunscreen too. C．Try to avoid the sun between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. D．But can your dog use sunscreen made for humans? E．You should apply sunscreen to your kids’ skin as well. F．Constant sun exposure can cause skin cancers in dogs. G．The best choice would be sunscreen that is safe for babies. 20 （23-24高二上·四川达州·单元测试Break Your Bad Habits Nowadays in real life, many people have all kinds of bad habits, but getting rid of them takes a bit more effort. Whether they’re “traditional (like biting your nails, snacking on junk food, gossiping, or twirling your hair) or more hi-tech (like texting), bad habits all have one thing in common: They’re hard to break. You can do it, though. So if you’re ready, gather your willpower, follow these steps, and wave goodbye to that bad habit forever! Step 1 1 Make a note every time you engage in your habit. Write down the time and where you are, as well as how you’re feeling. Are you bored, angry, or sad? The more you understand the reason behind your habit, the more control you’ll have over it. Step 2 Pay attention to when your bad habit pops up. Do you see any patterns in your journal? Do you always bite your nails before a test? Are you more likely to eat junk food, like chips or candy, when you’re doing your homework? If you notice a pattern of your habit, 2 For example, if you bite your nails when you’re stressed, try to find other ways to calm yourself, like taking slow, deep breaths. Step 3 Replace your bad habit with a good. Instead of biting your nails or twirling your hair, keep your fingers busy drawing or knitting. If gossip is your problem, challenge yourself to say nice things about people. Each time you substitute your new activity for your old one, 3 Step 4 Stay focused. Write down a promise to yourself: “I will stop biting my nails” or “I will stop texting so much”. Make a list of the days of the week, and place a gold star next to each day that you don’t engage in your habit. If you can’t get through a whole day at first, 4 Before you know it, you’ll have a whole page of gold stars! Step 5 Keep at it. Maybe you’ve heard the expression “Old habits die hard”? Well, it’s true! It usually takes three weeks to a month to break a bad habit. So if you mess up one day, don’t give up! 5 Eventually you’ll have more successes than failures. Remember, if you put your mind to it, you can do anything—even break that bad, bad habit! A．Keep a journal for a day (or two). B．He has the bad habit of biting his nails. C．Just go right back to trying again the next day. D．I want to stop, and sometimes I even quit for a day. E．you’ll be one step closer to breaking that bad habit. F．break each day down into smaller segments of time. G．start thinking about ways you can change the pattern. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$