专题03 精选 阅读理解20篇【考题猜想】-2024-2025学年高二英语上学期期末考点大串讲（外研版2019）

高二上学期期末考点大串讲 精选阅读理解20篇 1 （24-25高二上·陕西咸阳·期中）Red pandas live in high-altitude, mild forests where they prefer to be near water and have access to bamboo. They are mostly active at dusk and dawn, and they sleep during most of the day. They rely on the trees for shelter, to escape from predators (捕食者), and to sunbathe in the winter. About 98% of a red panda’s diet is bamboo. They need a lot of it to survive — around 2 kilograms each day. However, finding enough bamboo is difficult as the red panda’s habitat becomes smaller. When people move into the red panda’s area, they clear forests for housing and commercial development, farming and mining. Natural disasters such as landslides, floods; heavy snow and rainfall have also destroyed their habitats. Forest fires, invasive (侵入的) plant species, and issues with bamboo flowering (including the death of the plant) have similarly had effects on the red panda’s habitat. Species of bamboo are affected by forest fires and other environmental changes. As people move into the area, they often collect bamboo, leaving less for red pandas to eat. Although the red panda is endangered, steps are being made to save the species and its habitat. According to the IUCN, China has 46 protected areas, covering about 65% of the species’ habitat in the country. There are at least 19 protected areas in India, five in Bhutan and three in Myanmar. The Red Panda Network is a nonprofit organization that protects red pandas and their habitat. They work with local community groups to establish wildlife feeding centers, train forest protectors to raise awareness about red pandas, and work with villagers to establish protected areas. The WWF is also working to protect red pandas and their habitats. Because more than a third of the potential habitat is in Nepal, the group works with yak herders (牦牛牧民) and other groups there to lower their effect on the red panda’s habitat. 1．Why is it challenging for red pandas to find enough food? A．Bamboo is not good enough. B．They are not active hunters. C．Their habitats are becoming smaller. D．There is a lack of water in their habitat. 2．What do the data in paragraph 4 mainly show? A．Global efforts to protect red pandas. B．Serious situations faced by red pandas. C．India’s deep protection of rare wildlife. D．China’s advantage in keeping red pandas. 3．What does the Red Panda Network do to protect red pandas? A．Force yak herders to move away. B．Advocate people to adopt them. C．Cooperate with local experts to do research. D．Work with communities to build wildlife feeding centers. 4．What’s a suitable title for this text? A．The Key Points of Red Pandas’ Survival. B．The Influence of Natural Disasters on Bamboo. C．The Threat and Protection of Red Pandas. D．The Reason for the Disappearance of Bamboo. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍的是红熊猫面对的严峻形式以及各个国家和组织对它的保护 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“About 98% of a red panda’s diet is bamboo. They need a lot of it to survive — around 2 kilograms each day. However, finding enough bamboo is difficult as the red panda’s habitat becomes smaller. (大约98%的红熊猫的食物是竹子。它们需要大量的水才能生存——每天大约2公斤。然而，由于红熊猫的栖息地越来越小，找到足够的竹子变得很困难。)”可知，由于红熊猫的栖息地越来越小，使得它们找到竹子变得很困难。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Although the red panda is endangered, steps are being made to save the species and its habitat. (虽然红熊猫濒临灭绝，但人们正在采取措施拯救这个物种及其栖息地。)”可知，人们现在正在采取措施拯救濒临灭绝的红熊猫及其栖息地，结合下文的“According to the IUCN, China has 46 protected areas, covering about 65% of the species’ habitat in the country. There are at least 19 protected areas in India, five in Bhutan and three in Myanmar. (据世界自然保护联盟称，中国有46个保护区，覆盖了该国约65%的物种栖息地。印度至少有19个保护区，不丹有5个，缅甸有3个。)”可知，此处列举的数据显示了世界各地为保护红熊猫所付出的努力。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据尾段中的“They work with local community groups to establish wildlife feeding centers, train forest protectors to raise awareness about red pandas, and work with villagers to establish protected areas. (他们与当地社区团体合作建立野生动物喂养中心，培训森林保护者提高对红熊猫的认识，并与村民合作建立保护区。)”可知，Red Panda Network通过与当地社群合作建立野生动物饲养中心来保护红熊猫。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“However, finding enough bamboo is difficult as the red panda’s habitat becomes smaller. When people move into the red panda’s area, they clear forests for housing and commercial development, farming and mining. (然而，由于红熊猫的栖息地越来越小，找到足够的竹子变得很困难。当人们搬到红熊猫的栖息地时，他们会为了住房、商业开发、农业和采矿而砍伐森林。)”以及第三段中的“Natural disasters such as landslides, floods; heavy snow and rainfall have also destroyed their habitats. ( 山体滑坡、洪水等自然灾害；大雪和暴雨也破坏了它们的栖息地。)”可知，由于人类的行为和自然灾害导致了红熊猫的栖息地减少，使得它们找到足够的竹子都很难；结合第四段中的“Although the red panda is endangered, steps are being made to save the species and its habitat. ( 虽然红熊猫濒临灭绝，但人们正在采取措施拯救这个物种及其栖息地。)”以及下文中列举的数据和尾段中的“The Red Panda Network is a nonprofit organization that protects red pandas and their habitat. (红熊猫网络是一个保护红熊猫及其栖息地的非营利组织。)”可知，针对人类行为和自然灾难导致红熊猫栖息地减少的情况，世界各地以及一些非营利性组织为保护红熊猫开始采取措施，综合以上信息可知，本文主要介绍的是红熊猫面对的严峻形式以及各个国家和组织对它的保护，所以题目“红熊猫的威胁及保护”概括了本文的主题，适合作为最佳标题。故选C项。 2 （24-25高二上·山东·期中）For three days in mid-­September, wildfires rapidly tore through parts of Portugal, turning the sky a smoky red against the rolling green hills in the north. In central Portugal, a big fire destroyed a highway, cutting off the top half of the country from the bottom and nine people were killed. Few people would have realized that some of their everyday products may have played a role in making these fires worse. Certain toilet paper, tissue and office paper brands are made with materials from eucalyptus trees, a non-­native species to Portugal. The eucalyptus tree is an ideal tree for commercial cultivation because it’s faster growing, has a larger amount of fiber and produces more pulp (纸浆) than most other species. That means it can be made into high quality paper and tissue in an efficient and economical way. The problem is that eucalyptus trees are particularly flammable. Domingos Patacho, a forest engineer with Quercus, a Portuguese environmental group, said one of the reasons is that their leaves and branches break down very slowly in Portuguese soil, which hasn’t adapted to the species, leaving them lying on the forest floor. Wildfires burning eucalyptus spread more quickly and jump more easily to other areas, he said. That’s especially dangerous as the planet heats up from nearly two centuries of humans burning fossil fuels at an industrial scale. A debate over the role of eucalyptus in wildfires in Portugal is going on, with some studies showing they have little influence in making fires worse. Yet some experts warn these trees — especially their bark, twigs and leaves — burn more easily than other species. Quercus — the scientific name for the oak tree — wants to dial back the spread of eucalyptus trees and encourage more growth of the native oak. But whether planting it or not in the future, environmental protection should be the top priority. 1．What is the purpose of writing this text? A．To report a serious wildfire. B．To discuss a serious problem. C．To present a research finding. D．To introduce a dangerous tree. 2．Why does the author mention toilet paper? A．To argue against people’s bad living habits. B．To demonstrate the process of paper­making. C．To explain the popularity of eucalyptus trees. D．To prove the research value of eucalyptus trees. 3．What does the underlined word “flammable” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Well received. B．Hard to break down. C．Easily burnt. D．Widely grown. 4．What does the last paragraph focus on? A．Quercus’ efforts in saving native plants. B．An appeal for environmental protection. C．A debate over the cause of the wildfires. D．People’s concern about eucalyptus trees. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了葡萄牙野火与桉树种植之间的关系及环保争议。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“For three days in mid-September, wildfires rapidly tore through parts of Portugal, turning the sky a smoky red against the rolling green hills in the north. In central Portugal, a big fire destroyed a highway, cutting off the top half of the country from the bottom and nine people were killed.(9月中旬的三天里，野火迅速席卷了葡萄牙的部分地区，将北部连绵起伏的绿色山丘衬托成一片烟红色的天空。在葡萄牙中部，一场大火摧毁了一条高速公路，切断了该国上半部分与底部的联系，造成9人死亡。)”、第三段中的“Wildfires burning eucalyptus spread more quickly and jump more easily to other areas, he said. That’s especially dangerous as the planet heats up from nearly two centuries of humans burning fossil fuels at an industrial scale. (他说，燃烧桉树的野火蔓延得更快，更容易跳到其他区域。随着地球因近两个世纪以来人类大规模工业燃烧化石燃料而变暖，这种情况尤其危险)”以及全文内容可知，文章通过阐述葡萄牙山火的严重性，指出一些日常用品可能在使这些火灾恶化方面发挥了作用，讨论了商业种植的理想树种桉树在葡萄牙野火中的作用及其对环境的影响；由此可知，写这篇文章的目的是讨论一个严肃的问题。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“Certain toilet paper, tissue and office paper brands are made with materials from eucalyptus trees, a non-native species to Portugal. The eucalyptus tree is an ideal tree for commercial cultivation because it’s fastergrowing, has a larger amount of fiber and produces more pulp (纸浆) than most other species. That means it can be made into highquality paper and tissue in an efficient and economical way. (某些卫生纸、纸巾和办公用纸品牌的材料来自桉树，这是葡萄牙的一种非本地物种。桉树是一种理想的商业栽培树种，因为它的生长速度更快，纤维含量更高，产生的纸浆比大多数其他树种都要多。这意味着它可以高效且经济地制成高质量的纸张和面巾纸)”可知，作者提到卫生纸是说明桉树因为生长速度更快、纤维含量更高、产生的纸浆比大多数其他树种多而被广泛种植，从而解释桉树的流行。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段中“The problem is that eucalyptus trees are particularly (问题在于桉树特别容易)”、“one of the reasons is that their leaves and branches break down very slowly in Portuguese soil, which hasn’t adapted to the species, leaving them lying on the forest floor.(其中一个原因是它们的叶子和树枝在葡萄牙的土壤中分解得很慢，而葡萄牙的土壤还没有适应它们，所以它们只能躺在森林的地面上。)”以及“Wildfires burning eucalyptus spread more quickly and jump more easily to other areas, he said.(他说，燃烧桉树的野火蔓延得更快，更容易跳到其他区域) ”可知，桉树因其易燃性而加剧火灾。划线词flammable意为“易燃的”。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段中的“Yet some experts warn these trees — especially their bark, twigs and leaves — burn more easily than other species. Quercus — the scientific name for the oak tree — wants to dial back the spread of eucalyptus trees and encourage more growth of the native oak. But whether planting it or not in the future, environmental protection should be the top priority.(然而，一些专家警告说，这些树木——尤其是它们的树皮、小枝和叶子——比其他树种更容易燃烧。Quercus——橡树的学名——希望减少桉树的扩散，并鼓励更多本地橡树的生长。但无论是未来是否继续种植，环境保护都应成为首要任务)”可知，专家们希望减少桉树的种植，鼓励种植本地橡树，并强调环境保护应是首要任务；由此可知，最后一段主要是呼吁保护环境。故选B。 3 （24-25高二上·湖南·期中）The Iberian lynx, which, as the name suggests, is resident in the Iberian Peninsula, is a beautiful medium-sized cat noted for its spotted coat, short tail and long, pointy ears. Feeding on rabbits and other small animals, the lynx lives in the Mediterranean bushes of southern Spain’s Doñana National Park and the Sierra Morena, although it has now also been seen in other parts of Andalucia as well as Portugal Just over 20 years ago, there were only 92 of them left, which made it one of the rarest cats in the world. But now, thanks to successful programs, the population has now risen to about 2,021. There are several reasons as to why the Iberian lynx was on the brink (边缘) of extinction. During Spain’s Franco era, the ruler asked people to kill the lynx, saying that they were pests. Further things impacting the numbers have been general habitat destruction and lynx being hit by vehicles when they try to cross roads. The most important reason for their decline, though, is that rabbits, which make up 90 percent of a lynx’s diet, were in trouble themselves with diseases such as myxomatoses, leading to a massive decline in European rabbit populations, which in turn meant that lynx were starving to death. In order to rebuild the lynx population conservation (保护), efforts for this keystone species have focused on increasing the rabbits, protecting and restoring Mediterranean bush and forest habitat, and reducing deaths caused by human activities. Since 2010, more than 400 Iberian lynx have been seen in Portugal and Spain. The Iberian lynx now occupies at least 3,320 km2, an increase from 449 km2 in 2005. “The significant recovery of the Iberian lynx shows that even the most threatened species can be brought back from the brink of extinction through committed, science-based conservation actions and provides hope for those working to protect wildlife across the globe,” said Sarah Durant, professor at ZSL’s Institute of Zoology in reaction to the news. 1．Which of the following makes the Iberian lynx famous according to the text? A．Its appearance. B．Its small population. C．Its large size. D．Its habitat. 2．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The characteristics of the Iberian lynx. B．The existing number of the Iberian lynx. C．The main food of the Iberian lynx. D．The factors causing the decline of the Iberian lynx. 3．What do Sarah Durant’s words show? A．It is high time to protect wildlife all over the world. B．The efforts to recover the Iberian lynx are meaningful. C．Science-based programs matter most to animal conservation. D．Species that are in great danger will be easily saved from extinction. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．The History of the Iberian Lynx B．Human Activities Influence the Iberian Lynx C．The Iberian Lynx Makes a Remarkable Recovery D．The Damage to Habitat of the Iberian Lynx 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是伊比利亚猞猁（Iberian lynx）从濒临灭绝到数量显著回升的过程。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The Iberian lynx, which, as the name suggests, is resident in the Iberian Peninsula, is a beautiful medium-sized cat noted for its spotted coat, short tail and long, pointy ears.(Iberian猞猁，顾名思义，生活在伊比利亚半岛，是一种美丽的中型猫科动物，以其斑点皮毛、短尾巴和长而尖的耳朵而闻名。)”可知，Iberian猞猁以其外观出名。故选A。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段“There are several reasons as to why the Iberian lynx was on the brink (边缘) of extinction. During Spain’s Franco era, the ruler asked people to kill the lynx, saying that they were pests. Further things impacting the numbers have been general habitat destruction and lynx being hit by vehicles when they try to cross roads. The most important reason for their decline, though, is that rabbits, which make up 90 percent of a lynx’s diet, were in trouble themselves with diseases such as myxomatoses, leading to a massive decline in European rabbit populations, which in turn meant that lynx were starving to death.(伊比利亚猞猁濒临灭绝有几个原因。在西班牙的Franco时代，统治者要求人们杀死猞猁，说它们是害虫。影响猞猁数量的进一步因素是栖息地的普遍破坏，以及猞猁在试图过马路时被车辆撞到。然而，它们数量减少的最重要原因是，占猞猁食物90%的兔子自己也患有粘液瘤病等疾病，导致欧洲兔子数量大幅下降，这反过来意味着猞猁饿死。)”可知，第二段主要讲的是导致伊比利亚猞猁数量减少的因素。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The significant recovery of the Iberian lynx shows that even the most threatened species can be brought back from the brink of extinction through committed, science-based conservation actions and provides hope for those working to protect wildlife across the globe(伊比利亚猞猁的显著恢复表明，即使是最受威胁的物种也可以通过坚定的、基于科学的保护行动从灭绝的边缘恢复过来，并为那些致力于保护全球野生动物的人提供了希望)”可知，Sarah Durant的话说明了恢复伊比利亚猞猁的努力是有意义的。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“Just over 20 years ago, there were only 92 of them left, which made it one of the rarest cats in the world. But now, thanks to successful programs, the population has now risen to about 2,021.(就在20多年前，它们只剩下92只，这使它成为世界上最稀有的猫科动物之一。但现在，由于成功的项目，它的数量已经上升到2021只左右。)”和第三段“In order to rebuild the lynx population conservation (保护), efforts for this keystone species have focused on increasing the rabbits, protecting and restoring Mediterranean bush and forest habitat, and reducing deaths caused by human activities.(为了重建猞猁的种群保护，对这一关键物种的努力集中在增加兔子，保护和恢复地中海灌木和森林栖息地，减少人类活动造成的死亡。)”可知，本文主要讲的是伊比利亚猞猁（Iberian lynx）从濒临灭绝到数量显著回升的过程，因此最好的标题是C选项“The Iberian Lynx Makes a Remarkable Recovery(伊比利亚猞猁的数量显著恢复)”。故选C。 4 （24-25高二上·安徽·期中）There’s no doubt that cats love to play. While some pet parents settle for having their kitties run around the house, others like to tend their cat friends with specialized furniture. Luckily, more and more companies are offering designs with a stylish, minimalist edge that almost doesn’t even look like cat furniture. One such design is Nami, a multifunctional fixture created by Mau. On its own, Nami looks like an abstract artwork— half sculpture, half wall decoration. But once your cat comes across it, you’ll see it transform into a wooden house for your cat. The clever design is inspired by the fluent elegance of ocean movements, taking its name from the Japanese word for “wave”. “The finely sanded, butter-smooth wooden beds are complemented (相得益彰) by gradual wave-like steps, offering your cats a comfortable and stylish place to relax and unwind,” May explains. “Even when unoccupied, it stands as a remarkable decorative addition to your space.”   The company’s mission to marry form and function shines through Nami’s design. “Adapt an extraordinary connection of art and comfort, and transform what it means to be a cat lover with this exceptional piece.”                   Nami is also easy to fix thanks to its French cleat (防滑钉) system. With a width of 27.25 inches and height of 32.75 inches, its proportions (比例) are similar to those of a large poster. As for the kitties, Nami can comfortably hold cats weighing up to 18 pounds, with its wooden beds and wave-like steps offering a considerate space for catnaps. Since it’s still a piece of cat furniture, designers have also made it easy to clean with a damp cloth. If this sounds perfect for your cat, you can now order Nami on Mau’s website. To explore more of the company’s stylish cat furniture ideas, you can follow Mau on Instagram. 1．What’s the purpose of the author telling people’s treating cats? A．To introduce the topic to be discussed. B．To tell people’s feeling to their cats. C．To explain the right attitudes to cats. D．To advise people to make room for cats. 2．What’s the characteristic of Nami? A．It provides large living space. B．It can float on the ocean waves. C．It integrates art and practicality. D．It’s easy to remove when unoccupied. 3．What does paragraph 5 intend to tell us about Nami? A．Its cost. B．Its materials. C．Its size. D．Its convenience. 4．The whole text is intended to ______. A．tell the development of technology B．advertise a product C．tell people’s love for their cats D．inform the inspiration from the ocean 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款名为Nami的猫家具，它结合了艺术和实用性，为猫提供了一个舒适的休息空间。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“While some pet parents settle for having their kitties run around the house, others like to tend their cat friends with specialized furniture. Luckily, more and more companies are offering designs with a stylish, minimalist edge that almost doesn’t even look like cat furniture. One such design is Nami, a multifunctional fixture created by Mau.(虽然有些宠物主人让他们的猫咪在家里跑来跑去，但其他人喜欢用专门的家具来照顾他们的猫朋友。幸运的是，越来越多的公司开始提供时尚、极简主义的设计，甚至看起来都不像猫的家具。Nami就是这样一种设计，它是由Mau设计的多功能家具。)”可知，作者通过描述人们对待猫的方式来引入讨论的话题。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The company’s mission to marry form and function shines through Nami’s design. (公司的使命是将形式和功能结合在一起，这在Nami的设计中得到了体现。)”可知，Nami的特点是结合了艺术和实用性。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“Nami is also easy to fix thanks to its French cleat (防滑钉) system (由于其防滑钉系统Nami很容易安装)”以及“Since it’s still a piece of cat furniture, designers have also made it easy to clean with a damp cloth.(由于它仍然是一件猫家具，设计师们也让它很容易用湿布清洁)”可知，第五段主要介绍了Nami的方便性。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章整体内容，尤其是最后一段“If this sounds perfect for your cat, you can now order Nami on Mau’s website. (如果这听起来很适合你的猫，你现在可以在Mau的网站上订购Nami。)”可知，整篇文章的目的是为了宣传一款产品。故选B。 5（24-25高二上·安徽·期中）Do fish have a home? European bass, an important fish in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean, spend a lot of time in coastal areas like estuaries (港湾) and sheltered bays. However, these coastal areas are at high risk from human activities. It takes baby European bass a long time to grow into adults and they tend to stay in the estuary they live in until they are fully grown. So if their habitat gets damaged, they don’t just move to another estuary. How and when baby European bass use different coastal areas? We hope our results can help dentify areas that will protect these fish, which contribute to the whole population increase. We caught 146 European bass in three protected nursery sites in the Southwest UK. We placed an acoustic (听觉的) tag inside each fish and then released it. We placed 78 receiver instruments throughout the nursery sites. Whenever a fish got close to a receiver, it recorded the time, date, and fish ID．We tracked fish movement like this for a year. We used our data to determine how much time fish spent at the protected nursery site they were originally caught in, or when they moved into other unprotected coastal areas. We also calculated if these movements were related to fish size. Seasonal differences between the various nursery sites were clear. We found all fish had wider movements at some point. Some visited neighboring estuaries. The most adventurous individuals traveled to Wales, over 300 km (200 mi) away. 45% of wider movements were in the winter. Many of these fish were from the Dart Estuary. Most of them returned to their original nursery by the end of our study. 55% of fish stayed in their original nursery during the winter. We also found that residence time varied between nursery sites, but it was not related to fish size. Our study showed that European bass generally like to stay close to coastal nursery sites. Even most fish that had long coastal movements tended to return to their original nursery. These patterns were not related to fish size. This means coastal nursery habitats are important for them at lots of different ages. It also means they are important year-round. If we want to help fish populations, we need to protect these nursery habitats. 1．Why did the author do the research? A．To find out the route of the fish movement. B．To work out more ways to protect the fish. C．To figure out the importance of protecting the coastal area. D．To check out the differences between different nursery sites. 2．What is the function of receiver instruments? A．Protecting the fish. B．Tracking the presence of the fish. C．Showing the moving track of the fish. D．Measuring the protected nursery area. 3．What can we conclude from the result? A．The bigger the fish is, the longer the residence time. B．The residence time has no difference in different nursery sites. C．Coastal nursery habitats are only important for the fish at a young age. D．Even most fish having voyages farther tended to return to their original nursery. 4．What will be talked about after the last paragraph? A．Other studies about the coastal nursery habitats. B．The reasons to protect the coastal nursery habitats. C．The measures to protect the coastal nursery habitats. D．Other factors influencing the coastal nursery habitats. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是说明文，讲述在科研人员实施实验研究欧洲鲈鱼在港湾运动的路线以及时间。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“How and when baby European bass use different coastal areas?(欧洲鲈鱼宝宝是如何以及何时使用不同的沿海地区的？)”可知，研究目的是弄清鲈鱼运动的路线。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Whenever a fish got close to a receiver, it recorded the time, date, and fish ID. We tracked fish movement like this for a year.(每当一条鱼靠近接收器时，它就会记录下时间、日期和鱼的ID。我们这样跟踪了一年的鱼类活动)”可知，该仪器的功能是追踪鱼的行踪，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Even most fish that had long coastal movements tended to return to their original nursery.(即使是大多数长时间向海岸移动的鱼类也倾向于回到它们原来的繁殖场地)”可知，即使大多数游得更远的鱼也倾向于返回它们原来的栖息地。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“If we want to help fish populations, we need to protect these nursery habitats.(如果我们想帮助鱼类种群，我们需要保护这些繁殖栖息地)”可知，下文会提及保护栖息地的措施。故选C。 6 （24-25高二上·广东·期中）While many animal populations seem to be dwindling, one species that is moving in the opposite direction is America’s native wood stork (林鹳). The wood stork is the only stork that breeds in North America. In 1984, it was declared an endangered species after its population fell to just 5,000 mating pairs. At the time, scientists predicted that the bird would be completely wiped out by 2000．Today, it numbers 10,000 mating pairs, and US Fish and Wildlife Service is proposing a deletion of the wood stork as an endangered species. So how did the population bounce back? The success is in part down to the resourcefulness (智谋) of the wood stork. The wood stork’s native home was in the Everglades in Florida, but it migrated north as the Everglades were being destroyed by development. In 1987, former Savannah National Wildlife Refuge biologist John Robinette noticed stork nests in Georgia as stork populations moved to safer wetlands. According to Stephanie Kurose, a senior policy specialist at the Centre for Biological Diversity, the Endangered Species Act is also the key factor to this recovery. In an email to National Public Radio, she said, “The act saved the wood stork and it helped preserve and rebuild vital habitats throughout the southeast, which has improved water quality and benefited countless other species that call the area home.” The Endangered Species Act has saved many of the species that were on the list since 1973. A hundred types of plants and animals have been delisted (从表上剔除) as their populations become stable again. According to some local environmentalists, if the wood stork is delisted in the future, it will remain protected by other laws and a monitoring plan will be put in place to ensure the population remains stable. 1．What does the underlined word “dwindling” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Ageing. B．Dropping. C．Updating. D．Developing. 2．How did the scientists find wood stork’s situation in 1984? A．Amazing. B．Satisfying. C．Worrying. D．Boring. 3．How many reasons for the increase of wood stork are mentioned in the text? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 4．What can we know about the Endangered Species Act? A．It is harmful. B．It is costly. C．It is original. D．It is effective. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了美国本土的林鹳数量的增长及其原因，以及提议将林鹳从濒危物种名单中除名的背景。 1．词句猜测题。根据下文“one species that is moving in the opposite direction is America’s native wood stork (林鹳).(有一种物种正朝着相反的方向移动，那就是美国本土的木鹳)”以及第二段“Today, it numbers 10,000 mating pairs, and US Fish and Wildlife Service is proposing a deletion of the wood stork as an endangered species.(如今，它的交配数量达到了1万对，美国鱼类和野生动物管理局正提议将木鹳从濒危物种中删除)”可知，许多动物种群数量在减少，而林鹳数量却在增加，由此推测“dwindling”意为“Dropping（减少），故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“In 1984, it was declared an endangered species after its population fell to just 5,000 mating pairs. At the time, scientists predicted that the bird would be completely wiped out by 2000.”（1984年，在其种群数量下降到只有5000对之后，它被宣布为濒危物种。当时，科学家预测到2000年这种鸟会完全灭绝）可知，1984年科学家认为林鹳的情况非常令人担忧，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“The success is in part down to the resourcefulness of the wood stork.（这种成功部分归功于林鹳的智谋）”以及第四段“According to Stephanie Kurose...the Endangered Species Act is also the key factor to this recovery.(根据Stephanie Kurose的说法……濒危物种法案也是这种复苏的关键因素)”可知，文中提到了两个林鹳种群增加的原因。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段“The Endangered Species Act has saved many of the species that were on the list since 1973.”（濒危物种法案自1973年以来拯救了许多濒临灭绝的物种。）可知，濒危物种法案是有效的。故选D。 7 （24-25高二上·广东汕头·期中）Watching the behaviour and body language of zoo animals could be the key to understanding and improving their welfare, new research suggests. Traditionally, zoos have focused on more straightforward measures such as whether animals are eating and sleeping. The new review, by the University of Exeter and the University of Winchester, says zoos have made great improvements in recent years, but closer observation of animal behaviour - a method called Qualitative Behavioural Assessment, developed in farming - could show even more about their state of mind. An animal’s positioning of its body, facial movements and activity levels are among the things that might tell whether it is excited, calm, interested, nervous, relaxed, etc. “Zookeepers are knowledgeable about their animals, and they will often recognise an animal’s state of mind by its behaviour and body language,” said Dr. Paul Rose, of the University of Exeter. “What we are suggesting is a more scientific method of this, carried out over time. “Certain behaviours will show certain moods (情绪) in an animal, and we should build our knowledge of this for different animals that live in zoos. For example, lions have a lot of facial expressions, and research on these expressions could help zoos understand the animals’ state of mind. This information could then be used to improve welfare by changing diets, feeding times or any number of other aspects of the way animals are kept.” Dr. Rose carries out much of his research at WWT Slimbridge Wetland Centre, and is now examining how the swans (天鹅) there might show their state of mind through their behavioural expression. “We’re looking at how much time they spend exploring their habitat, which could show what they’re feeling.” he said. “When they’re unsure, they appear to move less and be more careful, and draw their feathers (羽毛) close to their bodies.” The study suggests research opportunities for Qualitative Behavioural Assessment and practices that could be used by zoos. “Animal welfare in zoos has improved greatly in the last 10 or 20 years, and this method gives zoos another way to recognise and improve the welfare of animals,” Dr. Rose said. 1．How to improve zoos animal’s welfare? A．More focus on animals’eating and sleep. B．Closer observation of zoo animals’ behaviours. C．More attention to zoo animals’state of mind. D．Adoption of more straightforward measure. 2．What is the function of lions as an example? A．To show body language vary from animal to animal. B．To show the significance of animal body language. C．To show lions are rich in their facial expressions. D．To show lions are treated well in zoos. 3．What dose Dr Rose research of swans suggests? A．They usually explore their habitat. B．They always draw their feather close to their body. C．They move little in fearful situations. D．They spend little time in their habitat. 4．What can we know from the last paragraph? A．Animal welfare in zoos is decreasing. B．Qualitative Behavioural Assessment is meaningful. C．Farm animals enjoy greater welfare than zoo animals. D．Zoos do a good job in recognising animal body language. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了新的研究表明，观察动物园动物的行为和肢体语言可能是了解和改善它们福利的关键。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Watching the behaviour and body language of zoo animals could be the key to understanding and improving their welfare, new research suggests. (新的研究表明，观察动物园动物的行为和肢体语言可能是了解和改善它们福利的关键。)”可知，提高动物园动物的福利的方法是仔细观察动物的行为和肢体语言。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第六段“Certain behaviours will show certain moods (情绪) in an animal, and we should build our knowledge of this for different animals that live in zoos. For example, lions have a lot of facial expressions, and research on these expressions could help zoos understand the animals’ state of mind. (某些行为会表现出动物的某些情绪，我们应该为生活在动物园的不同动物建立这方面的知识。例如，狮子有很多面部表情，对这些表情的研究可以帮助动物园了解动物的心态。)”可知，将狮子作为例子，是为了展示对动物肢体语言的研究可以帮助动物园了解动物的心态，即展示动物肢体语言的意义。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“When they’re unsure, they appear to move less and be more careful, and draw their feathers (羽毛) close to their bodies. (当它们不确定时，它们似乎行动更少，更小心，把羽毛靠近身体。)”可知，天鹅会在感觉不确定时行动更少更小心，即天鹅会在害怕的情况下很少行动。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The study suggests research opportunities for Qualitative Behavioural Assessment and practices that could be used by zoos. “Animal welfare in zoos has improved greatly in the last 10 or 20 years, and this method gives zoos another way to recognise and improve the welfare of animals,” Dr. Rose said. (这项研究为定性行为评估和动物园可以使用的实践提供了研究机会。罗斯博士说：“在过去的10年或20年里，动物园的动物福利得到了极大的改善，这种方法为动物园提供了另一种认识和改善动物福利的方法。”)”可知，定性行为评估有助于改善动物园动物福利，为动物园提供了另一种认识和改善动物福利的方法，即定性行为评估是有意义的。故选B。 8（24-25高二上·辽宁·期中）Farmer in the Classroom During the season when outdoor field trips aren’t possible, and you get uneasy as the days are shorter, Oxbow’s farm educators bring the farm to you with one of several interactive lessons. Ages: Preschool-8th grade; Minimum age:4 Participants: Max.30 students per lesson (4 lessons per day) Period: 60 minutes (length can be adjusted) Time: Monday—Thursday, January 8—March 28,2025 Price: $300 per lesson (Add-on lessons $200. Max.4 in a day) Lesson 1: Wonder Worms! What makes healthy soil? We dig into soil, study worms, and hang out with them in our worm bin. We show how, in nature, there’s no waste, and worms are the clean-up team in this circle of life. Suggested Grade Levels: PreK to 8th gradeLesson 2: The Buzz on Pollination (授粉)   Animals need plants to survive, but do plants need animals? We explore the magic of pollination through the role of pollinators we play in growing the fruits we know and love. Suggested Grade Levels: PreK to 8th grade. Lesson 3: Calling All Birds What makes beaks (鸟喙) unique? Students become scientists as we discover how birds have adapted to their environment to feed themselves. Suggested Grade Levels: 2nd to 8th grade. Ready to attend? Email us at education@abc.org with the following information: · Detailed information of your school/organization. · Lesson of choice. · Ideal times: What time do you want the lesson(s) to start? · Number of lessons you would like to schedule Please list at least two or three time choices to allow our team to plan ahead. 1．What can be changed to suit the participants? A．The fees. B．The educators. C．The whole class time. D．The topic for each class. 2．What do Lesson 2 and 3 have in common? A．They focus on explaining facts. B．They use role-playing activities. C．They ask students to do experiments. D．They bring live animals into the class. 3．What’s a must for signing up for the class? A．Paying fees in advance. B．Offering three topic choices. C．Providing flexible times. D．Listing parental information. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Oxbow农场教育项目在冬季为4岁至8年级的学生提供的互动课程的相关信息。 1．细节理解题。根据Period部分“60 minutes (length can be adjusted)(60分钟（长度可调）)”可知，课程的时长可根据参与者的需求进行调整。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据Lesson 2: The Buzz on Pollination (授粉)下的“We explore the magic of pollination through the role of pollinators we play in growing the fruits we know and love.(我们通过传粉者在种植我们所熟悉和喜爱的水果中所扮演的角色来探索授粉的魔力)”以及Lesson 3: Calling All Birds下的“Students become scientists as we discover how birds have adapted to their environment to feed themselves.(当我们发现鸟类如何适应环境来养活自己时，学生们就成了科学家)”可知，Lesson 2通过扮演授粉者的角色来探索授粉的奥秘；Lesson 3通过扮演科学家来发现鸟类是如何适应环境以达到自我喂养。可见，这两种课程的教学方式都使用了角色扮演。故选B项。 3． 细节理解题。根据最后一部分“Please list at least two or three time choices to allow our team to plan ahead.(请列出至少两到三个时间选择，以便我们的团队提前计划)”可知，参与者需至少报两至三个时间段，以便团队提前规划。换言之，参与者报名时，必须要提供灵活的时间段以供团队规划。故选C项。 9 （24-25高二上·海南·期中）Scientists say the drying Great Salt Lake in Utah is now becoming a significant contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions (排放) that are causing the climate lo warm, according to a new study. The Great Salt Lake has reduced in area by almost half in recent years. “Human-caused desiccation (干涸) of the Great Salt Lake is making huge areas of the lake bed come into sight and giving off large quantities of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere,” said Soren Brothers, the museum’s climate change curator. The researchers found that the drying lake bed gave off 4.1 million tons of CO2 and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, which would translate to a 7% increase in Utah’s human-caused emissions. According to scientists, 4 million tons of CO2 is equal to the total annual emissions of 140 passenger planes. Scientists say the state is as dry as it’s been in 1,200 years. The drought has been made worse by climate change. Agriculture has also played a huge role in the lake’s present situation. Upstream water diversions (改道) for farms and dairies have resulted in less lows into the lake. Utah’s rapid population growth is also a reason. The loss of water has serious impacts on the lives of animals and people. Researchers in Utah have begun to discover sharp reductions in shorebird populations as a result of brine shrimp dying out. Dust storms and air pollution, born out of a dried-up lake bed, are also a major concern for Utah residents. That’s worrisome for the majority of Utah’s 3.3 million population who live near the lake. The Great Salt Lake’s levels have rebounded (回升) slightly in recent years due to the last two snowy winters. Utah Gov. Spencer Cox promised to prevent the lake from drying up on his watch. “For generations, the lake was seen as kind of this dead thing that just happens to be there and will always be there,” Cox told NPR in April. “And now that people are realizing there’s a possibility that it might not always be here, that has reminded people and attracted their attention in a positive way.” 1．Why does the author mention passenger planes? A．To present the promising future of travelling by plane. B．To stress much CO2 has been given off by the drying lake. C．To show they are a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. D．To compare the amounts of CO2 given off by different human activities. 2．What’s the function of the fourth paragraph? A．To explain reasons. B．To provide evidence. C．To appeal for immediate action. D．To list possible results. 3．What is a positive reminder according to Spencer Cox? A．The belief that the lake will always be there. B．The promise that the lake will be under protection. C．The fact that the lake has stopped reducing in area. D．The realization that the lake is likely to disappear. 4．What would be the most suitable title for the text? A．What Makes the Great Salt Lake Dry Up? B．How Does the Great Salt Lake Recover Its Water? C．The Drying Great Salt Lake Causes Climate Change D．The Drying Great Salt Lake Affects Utah People’s Lives 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了犹他州的大盐湖因干旱而干涸，成为温室气体排放的重要来源，对环境和人类生活产生了严重影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段“The researchers found that the drying lake bed gave off 4.1 million tons of CO2 and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, which would translate to a 7% increase in Utah’s human-caused emissions. According to scientists, 4 million tons of CO2 is equal to the total annual emissions of 140 passenger planes. (研究人员发现，干涸的湖床向大气中释放了410万吨的二氧化碳和其他温室气体，这相当于增加了犹他州人为排放量的7%。据科学家称，400万吨的二氧化碳相当于140架客机的年排放总量)”可知，这里提到140架客机的年排放量是为了突出大盐湖干涸释放的二氧化碳量之大。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“Scientists say the state is as dry as it’s been in 1,200 years. The drought has been made worse by climate change. Agriculture has also played a huge role in the lake’s present situation. Upstream water diversions for farms and dairies have resulted in less lows into the lake. Utah’s rapid population growth is also a reason. (科学家们表示，该州的干旱程度达到了1200年来最严重的水平。气候变化加剧了干旱。农业也在湖泊目前的状况中发挥了重要作用。上游为农场和奶牛场改道的水资源导致流入湖泊的水量减少。犹他州的人口快速增长也是一个原因)”可知，本段详细解释了大盐湖水位下降的原因，包括气候变化、农业用水改道、人口增长等。因此，这一段的主要功能是解释原因。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Spencer Cox promised to prevent the lake from drying up on his watch. “For generations, the lake was seen as kind of this dead thing that just happens to be there and will always be there,” Cox told NPR in April. “And now that people are realizing there’s a possibility that it might not always be here, that has reminded people and attracted their attention in a positive way.” (Spencer Cox 承诺在他的任期内防止湖泊干涸。“长期以来，湖泊被视为一种死物，只是碰巧在那里，而且会一直存在，”Cox 在4月份接受NPR采访时说，“现在人们意识到它有可能不再存在，这提醒了人们并以积极的方式吸引了他们的注意”)”可知，现在人们意识到大盐湖有可能不再存在，这提醒了人们并以积极的方式吸引了他们的注意。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容以及第一段“Scientists say the drying Great Salt Lake in Utah is now becoming a significant contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions that are causing the climate lo warm, according to a new study. (科学家们根据一项新研究表示，犹他州正在干涸的大盐湖现在已成为导致气候变暖的全球温室气体排放的重要来源)”可知，本文主要讨论了大盐湖干涸对环境的影响，特别是其成为温室气体排放的重要来源，从而加剧了气候变化。故选C。 10 （24-25高二上·辽宁·期中）The idea of turning Mars into a livable world for humans is a common element of science fiction. But could such an action be done in real life? There are many issues that need to be solved before humans can successfully live on Mars. They include a lack of breathable oxygen, harmful ultraviolet (紫外线) radiation, salty soil, and dust storms that sometimes cover much of the planet. And the average Martian surface temperature is about minus (零下) 65℃. With its thin atmosphere, solar heat on the Martian surface easily escapes into space. Scientists are now proposing a new method to warm up Mars. The idea involves putting engineered particles made of iron or aluminum (铝) into the atmosphere at a rate of about 30 liters per second for years. The goal is to trap escaping heat and direct sunlight towards the Martian surface. The proposal would aim to permit liquid water to exist on the surface of Mars, which has water in the form of ice at its polar areas and its subsurface. The proposed idea would be to increase the natural greenhouse effect on Mars and raise its surface temperature by around 28℃ over ten years. Such a change alone would not make Mars livable for people. But the scientists see it as a possible first step. Scientist Kite described the process of changing a planet’s environment to be more like Earth. “For Mars, warming the planet is a necessary, but not enough, first step. Previous concepts have focused on releasing greenhouse gases, but these require large amounts of resources that are rare on Mars,” he said. Kite added that climate modeling suggests the new idea of using engineered particles to warm Mars’ atmosphere could work better than previous ideas and that the work is important because it presents a possible method that could help future exploration plans. Kite suggested that the costs and benefits of releasing particles are uncertain. For example, he said if Mars’ soil has compounds that are harmful to life from Earth, then the benefit of warming Mars is zero. 1．What’s the function of the question mentioned in paragraph 1? A．To prove the untruth of sci-fi. B．To expect readers’ clear answers. C．To express people’s strong doubts. D．To introduce the theme of the text. 2．What does the author intend to explain in paragraph 2? A．The challenges for human settling on Mars. B．The variety of natural environments on Mars. C．The possibility of solid ice existence on Mars. D．The reason for the year-long darkness on Mars. 3．What does Kite’s words about the new idea convey? A．It’s perfect. B．It’s practical. C．It’s dangerous. D．It’s traditional. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．Scientists Help People Move to Mars B．Scientists Make Mars a Second Home C．Scientists Propose an Idea to Warm Mars D．Scientists Change the Atmosphere of Mars 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了科学家提出的一种帮火星升温的新方法——通过向火星大气中释放工程粒子来提高火星的表面温度，使其更适合人类居住。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“The idea of turning Mars into a livable world for humans is a common element of science fiction. But could such an action be done in real life?(把火星变成人类宜居世界的想法是科幻小说的常见元素。但这样的动作在现实生活中可以实现吗)”，第二段“With its thin atmosphere, solar heat on the Martian surface easily escapes into space.(由于火星大气层稀薄，火星表面的太阳热量很容易逃逸到太空中)”和第三段“Scientists are now proposing a new method to warm up Mars.(科学家们现在提出了一种使火星变暖的新方法)”可知，作者在第一段提问题是为了引出本文的主题，即，科学家们现在提出了一种使火星变暖的新方法。故选D。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段“There are many issues that need to be solved before humans can successfully live on Mars. They include a lack of breathable oxygen, harmful ultraviolet (紫外线) radiation, salty soil, and dust storms that sometimes cover much of the planet. And the average Martian surface temperature is about minus (零下) 65℃. With its thin atmosphere, solar heat on the Martian surface easily escapes into space.(在人类成功地在火星上生活之前，有许多问题需要解决。它们包括缺乏可呼吸的氧气、有害的紫外线辐射、土壤盐碱化以及有时覆盖地球大部分地区的沙尘暴。火星表面的平均温度约为零下65℃。由于火星大气层稀薄，火星表面的太阳热量很容易逃逸到太空中)”可知，第二段中列举了在火星上建立人类定居点所面临的多种挑战：缺乏可呼吸的氧气、有害的紫外线辐射、盐碱土壤和尘暴等。而这些问题都是人类在火星上生存必须要解决的实际困难。由此推断，这一段主要阐述了人类在火星上定居面临的各种挑战。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Kite added that climate modeling suggests the new idea of using engineered particles to warm Mars’ atmosphere could work better than previous ideas and that the work is important because it presents a possible method that could help future exploration plans.(Kite补充说，气候模型表明，使用工程颗粒来加热火星大气的新想法可能比以前的想法更有效，这项工作很重要，因为它提供了一种可能有助于未来探索计划的方法)”可知，Kite认为这个新想法比之前的想法更好，且为未来探索计划提供了一种可能性。由此推知，这个新想法是可行的。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段“Scientists are now proposing a new method to warm up Mars. The idea involves putting engineered particles made of iron or aluminum (铝) into the atmosphere at a rate of about 30 liters per second for years. The goal is to trap escaping heat and direct sunlight towards the Martian surface. The proposal would aim to permit liquid water to exist on the surface of Mars, which has water in the form of ice at its polar areas and its subsurface.(科学家们现在提出了一种使火星变暖的新方法。这个想法包括将由铁或铝制成的工程颗粒以每秒30升的速度放入大气中，持续数年。其目标是捕获逸出的热量，并将阳光直射到火星表面。该提案旨在允许液态水存在于火星表面，火星的极地和地下都有冰形式的水)”可知，本文主要讲述了科学家提出的一种帮火星升温的新方法——通过向火星大气中释放工程粒子来提高火星的表面温度，使其更适合人类居住，因此最好的题目是C选项“Scientists Propose an Idea to Warm Mars(科学家提出了一个温暖火星的想法)”。故选C。 11 （24-25高二上·辽宁·期中）Scientists worldwide worked on an experiment to discover the role of trees in cloud formation and to understand pre-industrial climate patterns. When solid or liquid aerosol particles (气溶胶颗粒物) between 0.1-10 micrometers combine with water steam, they experience a process called New Particle Formation (NPF). The new molecule (分子) acts as a “cloud seed” that combines with other molecules, growing until they form a cloud. They come from human sources like steam released from burning fossil fuels and natural sources like sand or salt. Since the Industrial Revolution, about half of the clouds have been seeded from a fossil fuel pollutant. The other half comes from natural sources like trees, volcanoes, and dust from various places. To further study how nature contributes to cloud formation, an experiment called Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets (CLOUD) Project is being conducted. The tests are conducted in a giant metal container that can copy various ecosystems around the globe, such as ancient rainforests and mountain regions. Different compounds are introduced into the environment, which allows researchers to observe how the virtual atmosphere reacts. CLOUD determined that volatile organic compounds (挥发性有机化合物) released by trees called terpenes, play a large role in cloud formation, forming ten times as many “cloud seeds” as the other compounds tested! Additionally, trees produce more sesquiterpenes when they suffer environmental stress, which occurs more frequently because of climate change. One aim of CLOUD is to discover what compounds seeded cloud formation during the original pre-industrial era. This will allow scientists to ascertain the environmental results of human behavior since that time. Because clouds directly affect rainfall, and can either cool the earth or protect it, understanding the principles of their formation is crucial to predicting our future climate. The climate is affecting the cloud formation, and the clouds are affecting the climate. This study is a huge step in the right direction and has shown scientists ways to close gaps in their research to ensure more exact climate modeling results. Let’s hope the research continues allowing us to explain more mysteries about our environment! 1．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The formation of clouds. B．The sources of fossil fuels. C．The floating particles in the sky. D．The effect of the Industrial Revolution. 2．What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A．Trees have their emotions of stress in the wild. B．Cloud seeds can be widely used for many times. C．Climate affects trees’ cloud-forming contribution. D．Ecosystems in ancient locations remain unchanged. 3．What does the underlined word “ascertain” mean in paragraph 5? A．Accept. B．Confirm. C．Ignore. D．Suffer. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards the study? A．Unconcerned. B．Unclear. C．Doubtful. D．Favourable. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 【点睛】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了全球科学家通过实验研究树木在云形成中的作用及前工业时代的气候模式。CLOUD项目揭示了树木释放的化合物对云的形成影响重大，该研究对理解气候及预测未来气候意义重大。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“When solid or liquid aerosol particles between 0.1-10 micrometers combine with water steam, they experience a process called New Particle Formation (NPF). The new molecule acts as a “cloud seed” that combines with other molecules, growing until they form a cloud. They come from human sources like steam released from burning fossil fuels and natural sources like sand or salt. Since the Industrial Revolution, about half of the clouds have been seeded from a fossil fuel pollutant. The other half comes from natural sources like trees, volcanoes, and dust from various places. (当0.1-10微米之间的固体或液体气溶胶颗粒与水蒸气结合时，它们会经历一个称为新粒子形成（NPF）的过程。这种新分子充当“云种子”，与其他分子结合，不断生长，直到形成云。它们来自人类资源，如燃烧化石燃料释放的蒸汽，以及沙子或盐等自然资源。自工业革命以来，大约一半的云是由化石燃料污染物播种的。另一半来自自然资源，如树木、火山和各地的灰尘。)”可知，第二段主要介绍了云的形成过程。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段内容“CLOUD determined that volatile organic compounds released by trees called terpenes, play a large role in cloud formation, forming ten times as many “cloud seeds” as the other compounds tested! Additionally, trees produce more sesquiterpenes when they suffer environmental stress, which occurs more frequently because of climate change. ( CLOUD确定，树木释放的挥发性有机化合物萜烯在云的形成中起着重要作用，形成的“云种子”是其他测试化合物的十倍！此外，当树木遭受环境压力时，它们会产生更多的倍半萜烯，这种情况由于气候变化而更频繁地发生。)”可知，气候变化会使树木在环境压力下产生更多的倍半萜烯，而倍半萜烯又与云的形成有关。由此推断，气候会影响树木对云形成的贡献。故选C。 3．词义猜测题。根据画线单词前文“One aim of CLOUD is to discover what compounds seeded cloud formation during the original pre-industrial era. ( CLOUD的目标之一是发现在原始的前工业时代，是什么化合物促成了云的形成。)”可知，CLOUD的一个目的是查明在最初的前工业时代是什么化合物引发了云的形成。This指代前文提到的事情，因此推断这让科学家可引用该结果来查明、弄清人类行为对环境的影响。所以推测画线词应意为“弄清、查明”，与Confirm意思相近。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“This study is a huge step in the right direction and has shown scientists ways to close gaps in their research to ensure more exact climate modeling results. Let’s hope the research continues allowing us to explain more mysteries about our environment! (这项研究是朝着正确方向迈出的一大步，并向科学家展示了缩小研究差距的方法，以确保更精确的气候建模结果。让我们希望研究继续让我们解释更多关于我们环境的谜团！)”由此推知，作者对这项研究持支持态度。故选D。 12 （24-25高二上·湖北·期中）Heat impacts on food production now regularly present themselves. “We have been worried about this for years, saying the issue was going to get worse —now it is,” says Zitouni Ould-Dada, deputy director in the Office of Climate Change, Biodiversity and Environment at the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). “Crops need a norm (常态); any changes or disturbance to cycles will lead to negative impacts. Some crops simply won’t grow in certain areas any more. Drought affects the quality of the soil, the minerals, and the productivity of the plant.” Research shows that yields of some crops, such as maize and wheat in many lower-latitude regions, have already been affected by climate change. However, yields of maize, wheat and sugar beet in higher latitudes have been affected positively in recent decades. “Some crops are more tolerant of heat but, over time, if these temperatures become the norm, and are followed by extremely high heat on occasion, all crops eventually get affected.” Ould-Dada warns. Heat impacts are not only limited to food production. Smaller yields and changing growing zones could lead to greater use of fertilisers and water, and the further loss of biodiversity. Domestic animals are just as vulnerable (易受……伤害的) to heat stress, with knock-on impacts on cattle raised for meat and dairy animals. Meanwhile, fisheries and aquaculture (水产养殖业) face issues around warmer waters and acidification. “A heating world,” says Ould-Dada, “is forcing us to rethink how we produce food, process it and store it.” The key message, argues Ould-Dada, is for farmers to exchange best practice and diversify: if one crop falls to heat, another may grow. Besides, Farmers could be creative, for example, by installing solar panels in fields; plants benefit from shade and the panels generate electricity and gather rainwater. “Food production itself will cause the emission of CO. We have to do this in a way that benefits nature, the livelihoods of farmers and local communities,” adds Ould-Dada. 1．What effect does heat have on food production according to the passage? A．The overall yields of food have not been affected. B．The output of certain crops in lower latitudes has increased. C．Some crops are not likely to adapt to certain areas any more. D．Some crops more tolerant of heat won’t get affected over time. 2．What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph? A．Further heat impacts. B．Heat impacts on food production. C．The loss of biodiversity. D．Issues on fisheries and aquaculture. 3．What is the key to coping with heat impacts on food production? A．Creating new plant species. B．Processing and storing food. C．Installing solar panels in fields. D．Sharing methods and varying crops. 4．What can be inferred from Ould-Dada’s words in the last paragraph? A．Farmers need to put theory into practice in time. B．We had better take environment-friendly measures. C．A heating world is pushing us to produce healthy food. D．Food production is merely to blame for climate change. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全球变暖对农业生产的影响及应对策略。 1．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“Crops need a norm (常态); any changes or disturbance to cycles will lead to negative impacts. Some crops simply won’t grow in certain areas any more. Drought affects the quality of the soil, the minerals, and the productivity of the plant. (作物需要有一个常态；任何变化或周期的干扰都会导致负面影响。有些作物在某些地区根本无法再生长。干旱会影响土壤质量、矿物质和植物生产力。)”可知，由于高温，某些作物已无法再适应某些地区的生长条件。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。由文章第四段“Heat impacts are not only limited to food production. Smaller yields and changing growing zones could lead to greater use of fertilisers and water, and the further loss of biodiversity. Domestic animals are just as vulnerable (易受……伤害的) to heat stress, with knock-on impacts on cattle raised for meat and dairy animals. Meanwhile, fisheries and aquaculture (水产养殖业) face issues around warmer waters and acidification. (热效应不仅限于粮食生产。产量减少和种植区的变化可能导致肥料和水的更多使用，以及生物多样性的进一步丧失。家畜同样容易受到热应激的影响，这对饲养用于肉类和奶制品的牲畜产生连锁反应。与此同时，渔业和水产养殖业也面临着水温升高和酸化的问题。)”可知，本段主要讲述热效应对除粮食生产外其他方面的广泛影响，即热效应的进一步的影响。故选A。 3．细节理解题。由文章最后一段中“The key message, argues Ould-Dada, is for farmers to exchange best practice and diversify: if one crop falls to heat, another may grow. (Ould-Dada认为，关键信息是农民应该分享最佳实践并多样化种植：如果一种作物因热而受损，另一种作物可能还能生长。)”可知，应对热效应的关键在于农民之间分享方法和多样化种植。故选D。 4．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“Besides, Farmers could be creative, for example, by installing solar panels in fields; plants benefit from shade and the panels generate electricity and gather rainwater. “Food production itself will cause the emission of CO. We have to do this in a way that benefits nature, the livelihoods of farmers and local communities,” adds Ould-Dada. (此外，农民可以更具创造性，例如在田地里安装太阳能板；植物可以从阴凉中受益，而太阳能板可以发电并收集雨水。“食品生产本身会导致二氧化碳排放。我们必须以一种有利于自然、农民生计和当地社区的方式来实现这一点，”Ould-Dada补充道。)”可知，从Ould-Dada最后一段的话中可以推断出我们最好采取环保措施。故选B。 13 （24-25高二上·辽宁·期中）“I can’t wait for it to go dark,” says Sylvester. We’re minutes away from a total solar eclipse (日全食), and I’m writing in my notebook, trying to record my impressions of a family trip in search of wonder, a once-in-a-generation event. So rare and special that Sylvester is missing a day of fifth grade. I tell myself that he’s being schooled in the science of the universe, the movement of planets. He can’t learn that in a classroom. Actually, he can, and he did already. But here we are, lying on a town common in Waterbury, Vermont. And we’re not the only ones skipping school. Sylvester looks into my lap. “Will you be able to write in the dark?” he asks. Sure, I tell him. But when the eclipse happens, I can’t. Words fail me. Nothing will measure up to the dizzying feeling of day becoming not-night, not-day. Sylvester turns to me again, “The moon is covering the sun! Take a photo of it, Dad.” But I keep my phone in my bag. I just want to watch and share the moment with Sylvester and Jenn, my wife. You can’t put a price on memories. At least, that’s how we justified our last-minute decision to book the last hotel room in town at peak eclipse price. On our way to the common, I told him how the Aztecs viewed solar eclipses. They believed a total eclipse meant a monster was trying to eat the sun god Tonatiuh, causing humanity to fall into darkness. Ceremonies were needed to prevent this. Sylvester is quiet at first. But later, as we sit watching the moon cover the sun, I joke that the monster is taking bigger bites of the sun. He laughs, and suggests we offer a sacrifice to save the sun god. After the sun reappears, the crowd starts to leave. We are also ready to move on. The next total solar eclipse in August 2026 won’t be observable from North America. It will, however, pass over Iceland. We know a family who is already planning housing there. Maybe we should join them. Sylvester won’t even need to miss school. 1．What made the author a little regretful about the trip? A．Sylvester’s lack of interest in space. B．Sylvester’s annoyance at taking notes. C．Sylvester’s taking a day off from school. D．Sylvester’s impatience in the observation. 2．What led the author to finally reserve the hotel? A．The cheapest local hotel to live in. B．The family’s bond and memories. C．The sense of learning about planets. D．The experience of shared excitement. 3．Why did the author tell Sylvester about the Aztecs? A．To explain the wonder of eclipses. B．To prove their lack of scientific knowledge. C．To inspire Sylvester to explore space more. D．To offer a different interpretation on eclipses. 4．How does the author like their family trip at last? A．Expensive. B．Adventurous. C．Meaningful. D．Tiresome. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一家观看日全食的独特体验。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“So rare and special that Sylvester is missing a day of fifth grade.(如此罕见和特别以至于Sylvester五年级缺课一天)”及第二段中的“I tell myself that he’s being schooled in the science of the universe, the movement of planets. He can’t learn that in a classroom. Actually, he can, and he did already.(我告诉自己，他学的是宇宙科学，行星的运行。他在教室里学不到这些。事实上，他可以，而且他已经做到了。”可知，为了观看日全食，Sylvester缺课一天。尽管作者认为这是值得的，但是Sylvester已经在学校学过相关知识，所以作者对Sylvester缺课一天有些许遗憾。最后一段中的最后一句话“Sylvester won’t even need to miss school.(Sylvester甚至不用缺课)”也体现了这一点。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段“You can’t put a price on memories. At least, that’s how we justified our last-minute decision to book the last hotel room in town at peak eclipse price.(你无法用金钱来衡量记忆。至少，这就是为什么我们在最后一刻决定以最高的日全食价格预订镇上最后一家酒店的理由)”可知，作者想与家人分享这一独特的时刻，创造美好的回忆。这致使作者在最后一刻以日全食最高价预订了最后一间房间。可见，是家庭的纽带和回忆促使作者最终在酒店预订了房间。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“On our way to the common, I told him how the Aztecs viewed solar eclipses. They believed a total eclipse meant a monster was trying to eat the sun god Tonatiuh, causing humanity to fall into darkness. Ceremonies were needed to prevent this.(在去公共用地的路上，我告诉他Aztecs是如何观察日食的。他们相信日全食意味着一个怪物试图吃掉太阳神Tonatiuh，导致人类陷入黑暗。需要举行仪式来防止这种情况)”可知，作者要告诉Sylvester关于Aztecs的事是为了为日全食提供一种不同的解释。故选D。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第五段“You can’t put a price on memories. At least, that’s how we justified our last-minute decision to book the last hotel room in town at peak eclipse price.(你无法用金钱来衡量记忆。至少，这就是为什么我们在最后一刻决定以最高的日全食价格预订镇上最后一家酒店的理由)”及最后一段“The next total solar eclipse in August 2026 won’t be observable from North America. It will, however, pass over Iceland. We know a family who is already planning housing there. Maybe we should join them. Sylvester won’t even need to miss school.(2026年8月的下一次日全食将无法在北美观测到。然而，它将经过冰岛。我们知道有一个家庭已经计划在那里住了。也许我们应该加入他们。Sylvester甚至不用缺课)”可知，作者很珍视与家人在一起的时光，并决定与家人去冰岛看下次日全食。由此推知，作者认为这次家庭旅行是有意义的。故选C。 14 （24-25高二上·湖北·期中）While humans may think of agriculture as a uniquely human achievement, ants have been farming their own food for millions of years, a new study has revealed. Researchers found that ants began farming fungi (真菌) 66 million years ago, around the time an asteroid (小行星) struck Earth and caused a global mass extinction. While the mass extinction was destructive for many species, including dinosaurs, it presented an opportunity for fungi. With plentiful rotten plant matter on the ground, ants developed an evolutionary partnership with fungi that still endures today. Over time, this relationship grew stronger, with ants improving their agricultural practices and developing advanced methods 27 million years ago, a process similar to the domestication of crops by humans. “Ants have been practicing agriculture and fungus farming for much longer than humans have existed,” Ted Schultz, lead author of the new paper, said in a statement. “We could probably learn something from the agricultural success of these ants over the past 66 million years.” Fungi-farming ants are particularly diverse in the Americas and the Caribbean, with nearly 250 different species engaged in this practice. The research, published in the journal Science, analyzed genetic data from hundreds of ant and fungi species to create detailed evolutionary trees. These genetic timelines played an important role in revealing the evolution of ants’ agricultural techniques. The study builds on Schultz’s 35 years of research into ant-fungus relationships, during which he and his team collected thousands of genetic samples from Central and South America. By comparing wild fungal species with ants’ domesticated fungus, the researchers determined that ants have been farming fungi since shortly after the asteroid impact. The ants have bacteria that can produce antibiotics (抗生素) to fight off diseases attacking their fungi. “Somehow, over the course of 66 million years, they’ve been able to continue to control crop disease and develop antibiotics that continue to be effective,” Schultz told Newsweek. “We’ve only been using antibiotics for less than100 years and we have major problems keeping up with resistance and developing new antibiotics.” 1．What can be inferred from paragraph 2? A．Ants began to co-exist with fungi 27 million years ago. B．Around 250 species of ants worldwide took part in fungi farming. C．Ants used more advanced ways of practicing agriculture than humans. D．Dead plant matter provided conditions for fungi to expand. 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly focus on? A．The methods in the research process. B．The research findings on fungi farming. C．The analysis of the genetic timeline. D．The impact of the asteroid event. 3．Which statement would Schultz probably agree with? A．Human history is much longer than that of ant agriculture. B．The antibiotics produced by ants could be used to treat humans. C．Further study could be focused on how to keep antibiotics effective. D．It’s meaningless for humans to follow ants’ success story in farming. 4．What’s the best title for this text? A．Ants are smarter than humans B．Agriculture isn’t unique to humans C．Ants provided solutions for human farming D．Ants mastered agriculture long before humans 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过一个最新研究展开，主要讲述了蚂蚁比人类更早种植“庄稼”。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“While the mass extinction was destructive for many species, including dinosaurs, it presented an opportunity for fungi. With plentiful rotten plant matter on the ground, ants developed an evolutionary partnership with fungi that still endures today. (虽然大灭绝对包括恐龙在内的许多物种都是毁灭性的，但它为真菌提供了机会。由于地面上有大量腐烂的植物，蚂蚁与真菌形成了一种进化伙伴关系，这种关系一直持续到今天。)”可知，大灭绝让土地上出现了很多腐烂的植物，这却给真菌大量繁殖提供了条件。故选D。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The research, published in the journal Science, analyzed genetic data from hundreds of ant and fungi species to create detailed evolutionary trees. These genetic timelines played an important role in revealing the evolution of ants’ agricultural techniques. The study builds on Schultz’s 35 years of research into ant-fungus relationships, during which he and his team collected thousands of genetic samples from Central and South America. By comparing wild fungal species with ants’ domesticated fungus, the researchers determined that ants have been farming fungi since shortly after the asteroid impact. (这项研究发表在《科学》杂志上，分析了数百种蚂蚁和真菌的基因数据，创造了详细的进化树。这些遗传时间线在揭示蚂蚁农业技术的进化过程中发挥了重要作用。这项研究建立在舒尔茨35年来对抗真菌关系的研究基础上，在此期间，他和他的团队从中美洲和南美洲收集了数千份基因样本。通过比较野生真菌和蚂蚁的驯化真菌，研究人员确定蚂蚁在小行星撞击后不久就开始种植真菌。)”可知第三段作者主要介绍了实验中用到的实验方法 , 包括collecting , analyzing, comparing等。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Somehow, over the course of 66 million years, they’ve been able to continue to control crop disease and develop antibiotics that continue to be effective,” Schultz told Newsweek. “We’ve only been using antibiotics for less than100 years and we have major problems keeping up with resistance and developing new antibiotics.” (不知何故，在6600万年的时间里，他们能够继续控制作物疾病，开发出仍然有效的抗生素，”舒尔茨告诉《新闻周刊》。“我们使用抗生素才不到100年，我们在跟上耐药性和开发新抗生素方面存在重大问题。”)”可知, Schultz认为，人类在保持抗生素的持续有效性方面不如蚂蚁，因此以后的研究集中在这一领域，Schultz可能会同意这一观点。故选C。 4．主旨大意题，通读全文，尤其第一段“While humans may think of agriculture as a uniquely human achievement, ants have been farming their own food for millions of years, a new study has revealed. Researchers found that ants began farming fungi (真菌) 66 million years ago, around the time an asteroid (小行星) struck Earth and caused a global mass extinction. (一项新的研究显示，虽然人类可能认为农业是人类独有的成就，但蚂蚁已经自己耕种了数百万年。研究人员发现，蚂蚁在6600万年前开始种植真菌，大约是一颗小行星撞击地球并导致全球大灭绝的时候。)”可知第一段就提出观点：蚂蚁很早就开始种植“粮食”，围绕这一观点，展开全文，所以D选项“蚂蚁早在人类之前就掌握了农业”符合题意。故选D。 15 （24-25高二上·山东德州·期中）Today, trees face a serious threat from human activity. Over the past 300 years,1.5 billion hectares of forest have been lost, resulting in the loss of biodiversity, desertification, and increased flood risks. Deforestation is also linked to a higher likelihood of disease outbreaks due to increased contact between humans and animals. In his book Treewilding, ecologist Jake Robinson explores how to best protect and restore forests. He argues that merely planting trees is not enough to fight deforestation. Tree-planting projects have increased dramatically in recent decades. Although trees help prevent soil degradation and fight climate change by capturing carbon, poorly planned tree-planting projects can harm ecosystems. Monoculture, where only one type of tree is planted, reduces biodiversity and makes forests easier to suffer diseases. Robinson advocates for a more informed approach to forest restoration. Regulators must understand the complex connections between trees, people, animals, and even microorganisms. For instance, native people often rely on forests for farming and raising livestock. Therefore, tree-planting projects should take into account local knowledge and the needs of communities to avoid displacing them unfairly. Robinson highlights several forest restoration projects. The Great Green Wall project aims to grow a line of trees across the Sahara Desert to prevent desert expansion and improve local livelihoods. Another project, Western Australia’s Gondwana Link, seeks to reconnect broken forest areas to protect endangered species. These projects emphasize the importance of understanding local ecosystems and investing in the long-term care of young trees. Robinson concludes that natural regeneration— allowing forests to heal themselves— is one of the best methods of restoration. He compares it to a phoenix(凤凰) rising from its ashes, pointing out that a forest can regenerate from its own leftovers. His descriptions and thought-provoking questions add depth to his narrative. He explores how to understand the environment’s fundamental state and examines how animals contribute to forest regeneration. His balanced perspective encourages researchers to develop more effective methods for forest restoration. 1．What does Robinson argue in his book Treewilding? A．Planting trees can pose risks to ecosystems. B．Deforestation has led to a complete biodiversity loss. C．Forests can only be restored via human intervention. D．Planting more trees is the best way to fight deforestation. 2．What does monoculture refer to based on the text? A．A natural process of forest growth. B．A method for restoring ecosystems. C．A practice that enhances forest health. D．A phenomenon harmful to biodiversity. 3．Why does Robinson emphasize the role of communities in tree-planting projects? A．To ensure the projects are cost-effective. B．To make tree-planting projects more digital. C．To protect communities from unjust displacement. D．To encourage modern technology in restoration efforts. 4．Which is the best approach for forest restoration according to Robinson? A．Planting diverse species of trees. B．Encouraging natural regeneration. C．Promoting extensive artificial planting. D．Helping animals tackle forest’s leftovers. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了生态学家杰克・罗宾逊在《Treewilding》一书中关于森林保护与恢复的观点及相关探讨。旨在说明面对当前树木因人类活动受到严重威胁的状况，仅靠种树难以有效恢复森林，应采取更周全、更符合生态规律的方法，如考虑社区因素、注重自然再生等，同时通过列举具体项目展示不同森林恢复实践，以引发人们对森林保护与恢复工作的深入思考及重视。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“He argues that merely planting trees is not enough to fight deforestation. Tree-planting projects have increased dramatically in recent decades. Although trees help prevent soil degradation and fight climate change by capturing carbon, poorly planned tree-planting projects can harm ecosystems. (他认为仅仅种树不足以对抗森林砍伐。近几十年来，植树项目急剧增加。虽然树木通过吸收碳有助于防止土壤退化并对抗气候变化，但规划不当的植树项目可能会损害生态系统。)”可知，Robinson认为仅仅种树是不足以对抗森林砍伐的，规划不当的植树项目可能会损害生态系统，故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Monoculture, where only one type of tree is planted, reduces biodiversity and makes forests easier to suffer diseases. (单一栽培，即只种植一种类型的树，会降低生物多样性，并使森林更容易遭受疾病。)”，可知，单一种植会减少生物多样性并且使森林更容易患病，单一栽培指的是一种对生物多样性有害的现象，故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Therefore, tree-planting projects should take into account local knowledge and the needs of communities to avoid displacing them unfairly. (因此，植树项目应考虑当地知识和社区的需求，以避免不公平地取代他们。)”可知，Robinson强调社区在植树项目中的作用是为了避免社区居民被不公平地迁移，故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Robinson concludes that natural regeneration— allowing forests to heal themselves— is one of the best methods of restoration. (Robinson得出结论，自然再生——让森林自我修复——是最好的恢复方法之一。)”Robinson认为自然再生是森林恢复的最佳方法之一，故选B项。 16 （24-25高二上·浙江·期中）Two small white dogs appeared as I arrived at a ranch house a few miles off the highway in Hempstead, followed by John Mendola, a retired police officer. He introduced me to the dogs, Princess Ariel and Princess Jasmine. They were named for a deceased dog named Princess to whom they are similar in every detail. And they should be: they are Princess’s clones. It has now been nearly thirty years since cloning mammals (哺乳动物) became possible. The technology has mainly been used to produce cattle, sheep, and pigs. However, since 2005, more than two thousand dogs have been successfully cloned. Biologically, it is not very different from that of cloned cows or sheep, but in other respects the cloning of pets raises a host of ethical (伦理的) and identity issues. There are issues of exploitation (剥削) — both of grieving owners who hope to bring back their lost pets, and of the unseen animals whose bodies are used in making a clone. There’s the issue of supply: the production of tailored dogs in a society when so many good, naturally born ones in shelters are in need of adoption. Finally, there’s an existential issue: who, exactly, is produced when a dog is cloned? Dogs are seen by most owners as a species of individuals, with distinct personalities. We keep them for companionship. As a result, we have placed our ideas of selfhood onto them, giving them preferences, fears, and moods. But, if it is dogs’ individuality that we value, how can we accept the idea that their unique and unreproducible selves can, in fact, be reproduced? As a matter of fact, among the people who have cloned their dogs, many struggled to say exactly what it was about the original animal that they had wanted to reproduce, especially in contrast to other dogs they had loved but hadn’t felt like cloning. Many spoke of the original as simply “special” — but the specific nature of that specialness seemed almost impossible to be explained. Perhaps the desire was less about re-creating the original dog than about bringing back the unique relationship that had been established with the animal. 1．What can we learn about the two white dogs in the first paragraph? A．They were named after a princess. B．They were clones of a late dog. C．They were distinct from each other. D．They were naturally produced by Princess. 2．How is the cloning of dogs different from that of other mammals? A．It has higher success rates. B．It raises more moral concerns. C．It is technically more challenging. D．It stirs greater public curiosity. 3．Which word best describes the author’s attitude to the cloning of dogs? A．Unclear. B．Objective. C．Favourable. D．Disapproving. 4．Why do people desire to clone their dogs? A．To deal with the identity issue. B．To reproduce the original animal. C．To recreate a distinctive emotional bond. D．To find out the specialness of the original dog. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了克隆狗早已有之，但会引发一系列伦理和身份问题，作者也表达了观点。 1．细节理解题。由第一段中“He introduced me to the dogs, Princess Ariel and Princess Jasmine. They were named for a deceased dog named Princess to whom they are similar in every detail. And they should be: they are Princess’s clones. (他把我介绍给狗狗们，爱丽儿公主和茉莉公主。它们以一只名叫公主的已故的狗命名，在每个细节上都与公主相似。它们应该是：它们是公主的克隆体)”可知，第一段中的两只白狗，是一只已故狗的克隆体。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。由第二段中“Biologically, it is not very different from that of cloned cows or sheep, but in other respects the cloning of pets raises a host of ethical (伦理的) and identity issues. (从生物学上讲，它与克隆的奶牛或绵羊没有太大区别，但在其他方面，克隆宠物会引发一系列伦理和身份问题)”可知，克隆狗与其他哺乳动物的不同之处在于它们会引发更多的道德问题。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。由第三段讲对狗的克隆产生的伦理问题和身份问题的分析和最后一段中“As a matter of fact, among the people who have cloned their dogs, many struggled to say exactly what it was about the original animal that they had wanted to reproduce, especially in contrast to other dogs they had loved but hadn’t felt like cloning. (事实上，在克隆狗的人中，许多人很难准确说出他们想要繁殖的原始动物是什么，尤其是与他们喜欢的狗相比，他们并不想克隆)”可知，作者对此持不赞成的态度。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。由最后一段中“Perhaps the desire was less about re-creating the original dog than about bringing back the unique relationship that had been established with the animal. (也许这种愿望与其说是为了重新创造原始的狗，不如说是为了恢复与动物建立的独特关系)”可知，人们渴望克隆狗是为了重建与原有动物独特的情感联系。故选C项。 17 （24-25高二上·陕西西安·期中）Using AI, a group of researchers from Dalhousie University have begun the surprisingly complicated work of translating the language of chickens. This groundbreaking study about chicken vocalizations (发声) could have positive effects on chicken welfare. Chicken “speech” is actually a lot more complex than one might think-they squawk, cluck, and even purr. And the way they communicate with one another can be affected by their environment, age, and level of domestication (驯化) . In addition, according to The Debrief, chickens also communicate via visual cues such as body language and facial expressions. Luckily, the researchers were able to use new AI technologies to help interpret what chickens are saying. According to The Conversation, AI can process and analyze huge amounts of audio (音频的) data. It can recognize patterns and types of vocalizations. Using this information and an AI technique called Natural Language Processing, the researchers have begun to interpret the emotional states of chickens. In addition, the researchers also used data from video and thermal imaging (热成像) , tracking the chickens’ expressions and facial temperatures. This can be used to track how chickens respond to stressors. Neethirajan, an expert in stock farming (畜牧业) , and the lead researcher of the study, told The Conversation that his team’s interest in chicken communication is not just academic. The researchers hope that this could be a turning point in terms of stock farming. “Farmers can use this knowledge to create better living conditions, leading to healthier and happier chickens, This, in turn, can impact the quality of produce, animal health and overall farm efficiency,” he said. Additionally, he advocates for the use of this information to influence animal welfare policies. The more people understand animals, the more likely they are to care about their well-being. 1．The underlined word “welfare” is closest in meaning to _________. A．social security B．happiness C．communication D．domestication 2．What can we know about chicken “speech”? A．It is easy to understand. B．It is similar to other animals’. C．It follows the same pattern. D．It is influenced by multiple factors. 3．What role does AI play in the research? A．It deals with audio data. B．It tracks chickens’ expressions. C．It makes chickens speak more. D．It records chickens temperatures. 4．What would be a suitable title for the text? A．The Belief in Chicken Intelligence. B．AI and the Future of Farming. C．The Emotional World of Chickens. D．Chicken Language Understood. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了达尔豪西大学的一组研究人员利用人工智能开始翻译鸡的语言，以及这项研究对鸡的幸福可能产生的积极影响。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“This groundbreaking study about chicken vocalizations (发声) could have positive effects on chicken welfare.(这项关于鸡发声的开创性研究可能对鸡的welfare产生积极影响)”和最后一段中“Farmers can use this knowledge to create better living conditions, leading to healthier and happier chickens(农民可以利用这些知识创造更好的生活条件，让鸡更健康、更快乐)”可推知，农民利用研究鸡的语言所得出的知识，可以让鸡生活的更健康、更快乐，这对鸡的幸福产生影响。画线词welfare与“happiness(快乐，幸福)”意思接近。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Chicken ‘speech’ is actually a lot more complex than one might think-they squawk, cluck, and even purr. And the way they communicate with one another can be affected by their environment, age, and level of domestication (驯化). (鸡‘说话’实际上比人们想象的要复杂得多——它们会吱吱叫、咯咯叫，甚至咕噜叫。它们相互交流的方式会受到环境、年龄和驯化程度的影响)”可知，鸡的“语言”很复杂，它们之间的交流方式会受到环境、年龄和驯化程度等多种因素的影响。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Luckily, the researchers were able to use new AI technologies to help interpret what chickens are saying. According to The Conversation, AI can process and analyze huge amounts of audio (音频的) data. It can recognize patterns and types of vocalizations.(幸运的是，研究人员能够利用新的人工智能技术来帮助解读鸡的语言。据《对话》杂志报道，人工智能可以处理和分析大量的音频数据。它可以识别发声的模式和类型)”可知，人工智能在处理和分析大量的音频数据，识别发声的模式和类型方面发挥了作用，即人工智能在处理音频数据方面发挥了作用。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Using AI, a group of researchers from Dalhousie University have begun the surprisingly complicated work of translating the language of chickens.(达尔豪西大学的一组研究人员利用人工智能，开始了翻译鸡的语言这一令人惊讶的复杂工作)”可知，文章主要介绍的是研究人员利用人工智能理解鸡的语言，以及这一研究可能带来的积极影响。D项“Chicken Language Understood(理解鸡的语言)”符合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 18 （24-25高二上·山东青岛·期中）Sixty-six years ago, there was only one human-built object in Earth’s orbit (天体轨道). It was the world’s first satellite. Try to guess how many human-made objects are circling the planet now. Ready? Your answer is wrong, unless you guessed 100 trillion (万亿). That’s a jaw-dropping number. For years, the junk has formed an ever-growing mass near the Earth. The researchers are calling for a global agreement to limit the number of satellites and the amount of rubbish in space. There are 9,000 active satellites in orbit. That could grow to more than 60,000 by 2030. The rest of that 100 trillion figure includes debris—everything from old rockets to accidentally dropped tools, and even paint chips (碎片). Don’t think a paint chip is harmless. Traveling at 17,500 miles per hour, it can strike a spacecraft hard; causing dents (凹痕) and holes. All of the debris will eventually fall to the Earth and burn up in the atmosphere. But we’re replacing the junk more quickly than its falling. Heather Koldewey, an ocean biologist, says, “Cleaning up space has a lot in common with the challenges of addressing environmental issues in the ocean.” Heather and her coauthors see hope for space. They look to the effort to clean up the oceans. In March 2022, nearly 200 countries signed a global plastics treaty at the United Nations. This is an agreement to throw less plastic in the ocean and deal with what’s already there. There could be similar rules for how much debris a launch (发射) can create. And technologies could be developed for cleaning up the rubbish. Years ago, scientists on the International Space Station tested the Remove Debris satellite. Tracking the location and speed of floating debris, it used a net to catch the junk, which fell and burned up in the Earth’s atmosphere. The test was a success. It may have brought the world a step closer to a safer orbit. 1．What does the underlined word “jaw-dropping” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Correct. B．Specific. C．Shocking. D．Declining. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The makeup of space debris. B．The whole description of space scenery. C．The reasons for dealing with space junk. D．The number of satellites circling the Earth. 3．Why does the author mention plastic pollution in the ocean? A．To compare the junk in space with that in the ocean. B．To prove space debris could eventually reach Earth’s oceans. C．To show the space cleanup can be inspired by the ocean cleanup. D．To argue that the ocean cleanup is harder than the space cleanup. 4．What do we know about the Remove Debris satellite? A．It indicated the possibility of reducing space debris. B．It provided data on the size and speed of space debris. C．It effectively removed a good deal of space debris from orbit. D．It encouraged international cooperation on launching satellites. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．C 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了随着绕地球运行物体的增加，太空垃圾越来越多，我们应该重视这个问题并采取办法解决。 1．词义猜测题。根据画线单词上句“Your answer is wrong, unless you guessed 100 trillion (万亿). (除非你猜对了100万亿，否则你的答案是错误的。)”可知，现在有约100万亿人造物体在绕地球运行，这是一个令人震惊的数字，由此可知，画线单词所在句指这是一个令人震惊的数字，“Shocking”意为“令人震惊的”，能够表达画线单词在句中所要表达的意思。故选C项。 2．主旨大意题。根据第三段关键句“The rest of that 100 trillion figure includes debris—everything from old rockets to accidentally dropped tools, and even paint chips (碎片). Don’t think a paint chip is harmless. Traveling at 17,500 miles per hour, it can strike a spacecraft hard; causing dents (凹痕) and holes. All of the debris will eventually fall to the Earth and burn up in the atmosphere. (这100万亿中的其余部分包括碎片——从旧火箭到意外掉落的工具，甚至是油漆碎片。不要以为油漆碎片是无害的。它以每小时17500英里的速度飞行，可以猛烈撞击航天器；导致凹痕和孔洞。所有的碎片最终都会落到地球上，并在大气层中燃烧。)”可知，本段内容告诉我们油漆碎片等太空垃圾是有害的，例如它们可以猛烈撞击航天器；导致凹痕和孔洞，我们需要合理地处理它们，由此可知，第3段的主要内容是告诉我们处理太空垃圾的原因。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段关键句“Heather Koldewey, an ocean biologist, says, “Cleaning up space has a lot in common with the challenges of addressing environmental issues in the ocean.”(海洋生物学家Heather Koldewey说：“清理太空与解决海洋环境问题的挑战有很多共同之处。”)”和“This is an agreement to throw less plastic in the ocean and deal with what’s already there. There could be similar rules for how much debris a launch (发射) can create. (这是一项减少向海洋中丢弃塑料并处理现有塑料的协议。对于一次发射会产生多少碎片，可能也有类似的规则。)”可知，清理太空与解决海洋环境问题的挑战有很多共同之处，太空清理可以从海洋清理中获得灵感，由此可知，作者提到海洋中的塑料污染是为了展示太空清理可以从海洋清理中获得灵感。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Tracking the location and speed of floating debris, it used a net to catch the junk, which fell and burned up in the Earth’s atmosphere. The test was a success. It may have brought the world a step closer to a safer orbit. (通过追踪漂浮碎片的位置和速度，它使用了一张网来捕捉落下并在地球大气层中燃烧的垃圾。测试成功了。它可能使世界更接近一个更安全的轨道。)”可知，“清除碎片”卫星试成功捕捉落下并在地球大气层中燃烧的垃圾，这项成功说明我们可以减少太空碎片，由此可知，“清除碎片”卫星表明了减少太空碎片的可能性。故选A项。 19 （24-25高二上·陕西西安·期中）Researchers have observed Florida carpenter ants biting off the injured legs of their companions. These surgeries are the first known example of non-human animals performing amputations(截肢) to improve a fellow animal’s chances of recovering, the researchers say. “Not only can they do this, but they are even able to check the wounds and, depending on the location, adapt the treatment accordingly,” says Erik Frank, an ant researcher. The ants are territorial (有领土意识的) and might sustain injuries while defending their homes. So, the researchers wondered if the species had methods for dealing with infected wounds. They discovered that when a worker ant injured its leg’s upper part, companions would perform amputations. These other ants would then spend about six minutes on average biting at the upper part until it came off. “I find it striking to what extent they take concerted (同心协力的) action in this amputation event,” Frank says. “You can see it presenting the injured leg, and the other ant, for many minutes at a time, is biting it violently and the injured ant doesn’t seem to complain.” The researchers wondered if the amputations could serve to prevent infections. To test this, they wounded some ants’ legs. They isolated(隔离) some, ensuring they would receive no care, performed their own amputations on others and returned a third group to the colony. The experiments showed ants with upper-leg injuries that were isolated died about 60% of the time, while ants that received surgeries, either from the researchers or from fellow ants, almost always lived. The experiments also confirmed the ants didn’t perform amputations for those with lower-leg injuries. But the others would lick (舔舐) the wounds. They had an approximately 75% survival rate, compared to a 15% survival rate for isolated ants with lower-leg injuries. Florida carpenter ants have muscles responsible for blood circulation in their upper legs, so upper-leg injuries could reduce circulation. Lower circulation would, in turn, reduce the spread of infection, buying the ants time to perform amputations. The researchers found amputations for lower-leg wounds only improved survival chances if they were performed immediately. The ants don’t perform blanket amputation on any injury-they only do so when it’d make sense. 1．Why do the ants bite off the injured legs of their companions? A．To save their lives. B．To compete for territory. C．To check their injuries. D．To force them to work. 2．What’s Frank’s opinion about the injured ants receiving an amputation? A．They’re unwilling. B．They know nothing about it. C．They enjoy it so much. D．They’re cooperative. 3．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about concerning the amputation? A．Different roles ants play in it. B．Actions each ant makes for it. C．The various death rates it causes. D．The experiments about its function. 4．What can be inferred about the ants’ amputations to their companions? A．They often fail to achieve their goals. B．They amputate the lower part of the leg. C．They perform them with strong targeting. D．They often injure themselves while doing so. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。研究人员发现，佛罗里达州木匠蚂蚁对受伤的同伴进行截肢，以提高同伴的生存率。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“These surgeries are the first known example of non-human animals performing amputations (截肢) to improve a fellow animal’s chances of recovering, the researchers say.(研究人员说，这些手术是第一个已知的非人类动物通过截肢来提高同伴动物恢复的机会的例子)”可知，蚂蚁会咬掉同伴受伤的腿是为了挽救对方的生命。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段““I find it striking to what extent they take concerted (同心协力的) action in this amputation event,” Frank says. “You can see it presenting the injured leg, and the other ant, for many minutes at a time, is biting it violently and the injured ant doesn’t seem to complain.”(弗兰克说：“我发现他们在截肢事件中采取一致行动的程度令人震惊。你可以看到它拿出受伤的腿，另一只蚂蚁猛烈地咬了它好几分钟，而受伤的蚂蚁似乎没有抱怨。”)”可知，Frank认为受伤的蚂蚁进行截肢手术是十分配合的。故选D。 3．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“They isolated(隔离) some, ensuring they would receive no care, performed their own amputations on others and returned a third group to the colony. The experiments showed ants with upper-leg injuries that were isolated died about 60% of the time, while ants that received surgeries, either from the researchers or from fellow ants, almost always lived. The experiments also confirmed the ants didn’t perform amputations for those with lower-leg injuries. But the others would lick (舔舐) the wounds. They had an approximately 75% survival rate, compared to a 15% survival rate for isolated ants with lower-leg injuries.(他们隔离了一些蚂蚁，确保它们不接受任何治疗，对其他蚂蚁进行了截肢手术，并将第三组蚂蚁送回了隔离区。实验表明，被隔离的上肢受伤的蚂蚁有60%的几率死亡，而无论是从研究人员那里还是从其他蚂蚁那里接受手术的蚂蚁，几乎都能活下来。实验还证实，蚂蚁不会对下肢受伤的蚂蚁进行截肢手术。但其他蚂蚁会舔舐伤口。它们大约有75%的存活率，相比之下，孤立的蚂蚁下肢受伤的存活率为15%)”可知，文章第四段讲述了关于蚂蚁截肢功能性的实验。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The ants don’t perform blanket amputation on any injury-they only do so when it’d make sense.(蚂蚁不会对任何损伤进行“地毯式截肢”——它们只会在有意义的时候这样做)”可知，蚂蚁对受伤的同伴截肢有很强的针对性。故选C。 20 （24-25高二上·山西晋城·期中）When Sarah was a child, she loved visiting the beach near her home, collecting seashells and observing ocean life. She was fascinated by the bright colors and various forms of life she found in the tide pools. As she grew older, Sarah began to wonder if she could help protect these important ecosystems from environmental damage. After studying ocean biology and environmental science in college, Sarah returned to her childhood love for the ocean, now with new questions in mind. How can we reduce plastic waste in the sea? What measures can protect endangered ocean animals? With the right research and protection efforts, she thought, maybe she could make a difference. She decided to focus her career on protecting the ocean. Sarah’s first major project was to start a program to clean up plastic waste from local beaches. She organized a team of volunteers, worked with the local government, set up recycling bins, and held educational workshops. After months of effort, the beaches were noticeably cleaner, and the community became more aware of the importance of recycling. Over the years, Sarah has successfully led many projects. She started a project to protect coral reefs by promoting eco-friendly tourism practices and established a care center for injured sea turtles. One of her most challenging projects was a partnership with an international group to reduce ocean acid (酸性的) levels through creative methods. “Environmental care” is what Sarah calls her approach. “The ocean is a valuable resource that supports life on Earth,” she says. “By working together and using science and education, we can protect it for future generations.” 1．What can be inferred about Sarah’s early interest in ocean life? A．It delayed her decision to choose a career path. B．It was just for fun and had no long-term impact. C．It made her interested in tourism and ocean animals. D．It led her to seek a career focused on ocean conservation. 2．What was one of Sarah’s most difficult projects? A．Lowering ocean acid levels. B．Starting a sea turtle care center. C．Promoting eco-friendly tourism. D．Reducing plastic waste on beaches. 3．What does Sarah believe is key for ocean protection? A．Individual efforts. B．Science and education. C．Advanced technology. D．New laws and regulations. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Sarah’s childhood hobbies and interests. B．Different methods of cleaning up ocean pollution. C．Sarah’s career in ocean tourism and beach activities. D．The importance of protecting sea life and ecosystems. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本篇是记叙文。文章讲述了 Sarah从小对海洋生物充满好奇，通过学习海洋生物学和环境科学，投身于海洋保护事业中，领导了许多成功的保护项目。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“As she grew older, Sarah began to wonder if she could help protect these important ecosystems from environmental damage.(随着年龄的增长，Sarah开始想知道她是否可以帮助保护这些重要的生态系统免受环境破坏)”可知，Sarah童年时对海洋生物的兴趣逐渐引导她去思考如何保护这些生态系统，最终推动了她走上海洋保护的职业道路，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“One of her most challenging projects was a partnership with an international group to reduce ocean acid (酸性的) levels through creative methods.(她最具挑战性的项目之一是与一个国际组织合作，通过创造性的方法降低海洋中的酸含量)”可知，降低海洋酸化水平是她最具挑战性的项目之一，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中““Environmental care” is what Sarah calls her approach. “The ocean is a valuable resource that supports life on Earth,” she says. “By working together and using science and education, we can protect it for future generations.”(Sarah称她的方法为“环境保护”。“海洋是支持地球上生命的宝贵资源，”她说。“通过共同努力，利用科学和教育，我们可以为子孙后代保护它。”)”可知，Sarah认为科学和教育是保护海洋的关键，故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“When Sarah was a child, she loved visiting the beach near her home, collecting seashells and observing ocean life. She was fascinated by the bright colors and various forms of life she found in the tide pools. As she grew older, Sarah began to wonder if she could help protect these important ecosystems from environmental damage.(当Sarah还是个孩子的时候，她喜欢去她家附近的海滩，收集贝壳，观察海洋生物。她被在潮池中发现的鲜艳的色彩和各种各样的生命形式所吸引。随着年龄的增长，莎拉开始想知道她是否可以帮助保护这些重要的生态系统免受环境破坏)”以及纵观全文可知，文章描述了 Sarah从小时候对海洋生物的兴趣，逐渐发展到成年后致力于保护海洋生态系统的职业选择，强调了保护海洋生物和生态环境的重要性，故选D。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 高二上学期期末考点大串讲 精选阅读理解20篇 1 （24-25高二上·陕西咸阳·期中）Red pandas live in high-altitude, mild forests where they prefer to be near water and have access to bamboo. They are mostly active at dusk and dawn, and they sleep during most of the day. They rely on the trees for shelter, to escape from predators (捕食者), and to sunbathe in the winter. About 98% of a red panda’s diet is bamboo. They need a lot of it to survive — around 2 kilograms each day. However, finding enough bamboo is difficult as the red panda’s habitat becomes smaller. When people move into the red panda’s area, they clear forests for housing and commercial development, farming and mining. Natural disasters such as landslides, floods; heavy snow and rainfall have also destroyed their habitats. Forest fires, invasive (侵入的) plant species, and issues with bamboo flowering (including the death of the plant) have similarly had effects on the red panda’s habitat. Species of bamboo are affected by forest fires and other environmental changes. As people move into the area, they often collect bamboo, leaving less for red pandas to eat. Although the red panda is endangered, steps are being made to save the species and its habitat. According to the IUCN, China has 46 protected areas, covering about 65% of the species’ habitat in the country. There are at least 19 protected areas in India, five in Bhutan and three in Myanmar. The Red Panda Network is a nonprofit organization that protects red pandas and their habitat. They work with local community groups to establish wildlife feeding centers, train forest protectors to raise awareness about red pandas, and work with villagers to establish protected areas. The WWF is also working to protect red pandas and their habitats. Because more than a third of the potential habitat is in Nepal, the group works with yak herders (牦牛牧民) and other groups there to lower their effect on the red panda’s habitat. 1．Why is it challenging for red pandas to find enough food? A．Bamboo is not good enough. B．They are not active hunters. C．Their habitats are becoming smaller. D．There is a lack of water in their habitat. 2．What do the data in paragraph 4 mainly show? A．Global efforts to protect red pandas. B．Serious situations faced by red pandas. C．India’s deep protection of rare wildlife. D．China’s advantage in keeping red pandas. 3．What does the Red Panda Network do to protect red pandas? A．Force yak herders to move away. B．Advocate people to adopt them. C．Cooperate with local experts to do research. D．Work with communities to build wildlife feeding centers. 4．What’s a suitable title for this text? A．The Key Points of Red Pandas’ Survival. B．The Influence of Natural Disasters on Bamboo. C．The Threat and Protection of Red Pandas. D．The Reason for the Disappearance of Bamboo. 2 （24-25高二上·山东·期中）For three days in mid-­September, wildfires rapidly tore through parts of Portugal, turning the sky a smoky red against the rolling green hills in the north. In central Portugal, a big fire destroyed a highway, cutting off the top half of the country from the bottom and nine people were killed. Few people would have realized that some of their everyday products may have played a role in making these fires worse. Certain toilet paper, tissue and office paper brands are made with materials from eucalyptus trees, a non-­native species to Portugal. The eucalyptus tree is an ideal tree for commercial cultivation because it’s faster growing, has a larger amount of fiber and produces more pulp (纸浆) than most other species. That means it can be made into high quality paper and tissue in an efficient and economical way. The problem is that eucalyptus trees are particularly flammable. Domingos Patacho, a forest engineer with Quercus, a Portuguese environmental group, said one of the reasons is that their leaves and branches break down very slowly in Portuguese soil, which hasn’t adapted to the species, leaving them lying on the forest floor. Wildfires burning eucalyptus spread more quickly and jump more easily to other areas, he said. That’s especially dangerous as the planet heats up from nearly two centuries of humans burning fossil fuels at an industrial scale. A debate over the role of eucalyptus in wildfires in Portugal is going on, with some studies showing they have little influence in making fires worse. Yet some experts warn these trees — especially their bark, twigs and leaves — burn more easily than other species. Quercus — the scientific name for the oak tree — wants to dial back the spread of eucalyptus trees and encourage more growth of the native oak. But whether planting it or not in the future, environmental protection should be the top priority. 1．What is the purpose of writing this text? A．To report a serious wildfire. B．To discuss a serious problem. C．To present a research finding. D．To introduce a dangerous tree. 2．Why does the author mention toilet paper? A．To argue against people’s bad living habits. B．To demonstrate the process of paper­making. C．To explain the popularity of eucalyptus trees. D．To prove the research value of eucalyptus trees. 3．What does the underlined word “flammable” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Well received. B．Hard to break down. C．Easily burnt. D．Widely grown. 4．What does the last paragraph focus on? A．Quercus’ efforts in saving native plants. B．An appeal for environmental protection. C．A debate over the cause of the wildfires. D．People’s concern about eucalyptus trees. 3 （24-25高二上·湖南·期中）The Iberian lynx, which, as the name suggests, is resident in the Iberian Peninsula, is a beautiful medium-sized cat noted for its spotted coat, short tail and long, pointy ears. Feeding on rabbits and other small animals, the lynx lives in the Mediterranean bushes of southern Spain’s Doñana National Park and the Sierra Morena, although it has now also been seen in other parts of Andalucia as well as Portugal Just over 20 years ago, there were only 92 of them left, which made it one of the rarest cats in the world. But now, thanks to successful programs, the population has now risen to about 2,021. There are several reasons as to why the Iberian lynx was on the brink (边缘) of extinction. During Spain’s Franco era, the ruler asked people to kill the lynx, saying that they were pests. Further things impacting the numbers have been general habitat destruction and lynx being hit by vehicles when they try to cross roads. The most important reason for their decline, though, is that rabbits, which make up 90 percent of a lynx’s diet, were in trouble themselves with diseases such as myxomatoses, leading to a massive decline in European rabbit populations, which in turn meant that lynx were starving to death. In order to rebuild the lynx population conservation (保护), efforts for this keystone species have focused on increasing the rabbits, protecting and restoring Mediterranean bush and forest habitat, and reducing deaths caused by human activities. Since 2010, more than 400 Iberian lynx have been seen in Portugal and Spain. The Iberian lynx now occupies at least 3,320 km2, an increase from 449 km2 in 2005. “The significant recovery of the Iberian lynx shows that even the most threatened species can be brought back from the brink of extinction through committed, science-based conservation actions and provides hope for those working to protect wildlife across the globe,” said Sarah Durant, professor at ZSL’s Institute of Zoology in reaction to the news. 1．Which of the following makes the Iberian lynx famous according to the text? A．Its appearance. B．Its small population. C．Its large size. D．Its habitat. 2．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The characteristics of the Iberian lynx. B．The existing number of the Iberian lynx. C．The main food of the Iberian lynx. D．The factors causing the decline of the Iberian lynx. 3．What do Sarah Durant’s words show? A．It is high time to protect wildlife all over the world. B．The efforts to recover the Iberian lynx are meaningful. C．Science-based programs matter most to animal conservation. D．Species that are in great danger will be easily saved from extinction. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．The History of the Iberian Lynx B．Human Activities Influence the Iberian Lynx C．The Iberian Lynx Makes a Remarkable Recovery D．The Damage to Habitat of the Iberian Lynx 4 （24-25高二上·安徽·期中）There’s no doubt that cats love to play. While some pet parents settle for having their kitties run around the house, others like to tend their cat friends with specialized furniture. Luckily, more and more companies are offering designs with a stylish, minimalist edge that almost doesn’t even look like cat furniture. One such design is Nami, a multifunctional fixture created by Mau. On its own, Nami looks like an abstract artwork— half sculpture, half wall decoration. But once your cat comes across it, you’ll see it transform into a wooden house for your cat. The clever design is inspired by the fluent elegance of ocean movements, taking its name from the Japanese word for “wave”. “The finely sanded, butter-smooth wooden beds are complemented (相得益彰) by gradual wave-like steps, offering your cats a comfortable and stylish place to relax and unwind,” May explains. “Even when unoccupied, it stands as a remarkable decorative addition to your space.”   The company’s mission to marry form and function shines through Nami’s design. “Adapt an extraordinary connection of art and comfort, and transform what it means to be a cat lover with this exceptional piece.”                   Nami is also easy to fix thanks to its French cleat (防滑钉) system. With a width of 27.25 inches and height of 32.75 inches, its proportions (比例) are similar to those of a large poster. As for the kitties, Nami can comfortably hold cats weighing up to 18 pounds, with its wooden beds and wave-like steps offering a considerate space for catnaps. Since it’s still a piece of cat furniture, designers have also made it easy to clean with a damp cloth. If this sounds perfect for your cat, you can now order Nami on Mau’s website. To explore more of the company’s stylish cat furniture ideas, you can follow Mau on Instagram. 1．What’s the purpose of the author telling people’s treating cats? A．To introduce the topic to be discussed. B．To tell people’s feeling to their cats. C．To explain the right attitudes to cats. D．To advise people to make room for cats. 2．What’s the characteristic of Nami? A．It provides large living space. B．It can float on the ocean waves. C．It integrates art and practicality. D．It’s easy to remove when unoccupied. 3．What does paragraph 5 intend to tell us about Nami? A．Its cost. B．Its materials. C．Its size. D．Its convenience. 4．The whole text is intended to ______. A．tell the development of technology B．advertise a product C．tell people’s love for their cats D．inform the inspiration from the ocean 5（24-25高二上·安徽·期中）Do fish have a home? European bass, an important fish in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean, spend a lot of time in coastal areas like estuaries (港湾) and sheltered bays. However, these coastal areas are at high risk from human activities. It takes baby European bass a long time to grow into adults and they tend to stay in the estuary they live in until they are fully grown. So if their habitat gets damaged, they don’t just move to another estuary. How and when baby European bass use different coastal areas? We hope our results can help dentify areas that will protect these fish, which contribute to the whole population increase. We caught 146 European bass in three protected nursery sites in the Southwest UK. We placed an acoustic (听觉的) tag inside each fish and then released it. We placed 78 receiver instruments throughout the nursery sites. Whenever a fish got close to a receiver, it recorded the time, date, and fish ID．We tracked fish movement like this for a year. We used our data to determine how much time fish spent at the protected nursery site they were originally caught in, or when they moved into other unprotected coastal areas. We also calculated if these movements were related to fish size. Seasonal differences between the various nursery sites were clear. We found all fish had wider movements at some point. Some visited neighboring estuaries. The most adventurous individuals traveled to Wales, over 300 km (200 mi) away. 45% of wider movements were in the winter. Many of these fish were from the Dart Estuary. Most of them returned to their original nursery by the end of our study. 55% of fish stayed in their original nursery during the winter. We also found that residence time varied between nursery sites, but it was not related to fish size. Our study showed that European bass generally like to stay close to coastal nursery sites. Even most fish that had long coastal movements tended to return to their original nursery. These patterns were not related to fish size. This means coastal nursery habitats are important for them at lots of different ages. It also means they are important year-round. If we want to help fish populations, we need to protect these nursery habitats. 1．Why did the author do the research? A．To find out the route of the fish movement. B．To work out more ways to protect the fish. C．To figure out the importance of protecting the coastal area. D．To check out the differences between different nursery sites. 2．What is the function of receiver instruments? A．Protecting the fish. B．Tracking the presence of the fish. C．Showing the moving track of the fish. D．Measuring the protected nursery area. 3．What can we conclude from the result? A．The bigger the fish is, the longer the residence time. B．The residence time has no difference in different nursery sites. C．Coastal nursery habitats are only important for the fish at a young age. D．Even most fish having voyages farther tended to return to their original nursery. 4．What will be talked about after the last paragraph? A．Other studies about the coastal nursery habitats. B．The reasons to protect the coastal nursery habitats. C．The measures to protect the coastal nursery habitats. D．Other factors influencing the coastal nursery habitats. 6 （24-25高二上·广东·期中）While many animal populations seem to be dwindling, one species that is moving in the opposite direction is America’s native wood stork (林鹳). The wood stork is the only stork that breeds in North America. In 1984, it was declared an endangered species after its population fell to just 5,000 mating pairs. At the time, scientists predicted that the bird would be completely wiped out by 2000．Today, it numbers 10,000 mating pairs, and US Fish and Wildlife Service is proposing a deletion of the wood stork as an endangered species. So how did the population bounce back? The success is in part down to the resourcefulness (智谋) of the wood stork. The wood stork’s native home was in the Everglades in Florida, but it migrated north as the Everglades were being destroyed by development. In 1987, former Savannah National Wildlife Refuge biologist John Robinette noticed stork nests in Georgia as stork populations moved to safer wetlands. According to Stephanie Kurose, a senior policy specialist at the Centre for Biological Diversity, the Endangered Species Act is also the key factor to this recovery. In an email to National Public Radio, she said, “The act saved the wood stork and it helped preserve and rebuild vital habitats throughout the southeast, which has improved water quality and benefited countless other species that call the area home.” The Endangered Species Act has saved many of the species that were on the list since 1973. A hundred types of plants and animals have been delisted (从表上剔除) as their populations become stable again. According to some local environmentalists, if the wood stork is delisted in the future, it will remain protected by other laws and a monitoring plan will be put in place to ensure the population remains stable. 1．What does the underlined word “dwindling” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Ageing. B．Dropping. C．Updating. D．Developing. 2．How did the scientists find wood stork’s situation in 1984? A．Amazing. B．Satisfying. C．Worrying. D．Boring. 3．How many reasons for the increase of wood stork are mentioned in the text? A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four. 4．What can we know about the Endangered Species Act? A．It is harmful. B．It is costly. C．It is original. D．It is effective. 7 （24-25高二上·广东汕头·期中）Watching the behaviour and body language of zoo animals could be the key to understanding and improving their welfare, new research suggests. Traditionally, zoos have focused on more straightforward measures such as whether animals are eating and sleeping. The new review, by the University of Exeter and the University of Winchester, says zoos have made great improvements in recent years, but closer observation of animal behaviour - a method called Qualitative Behavioural Assessment, developed in farming - could show even more about their state of mind. An animal’s positioning of its body, facial movements and activity levels are among the things that might tell whether it is excited, calm, interested, nervous, relaxed, etc. “Zookeepers are knowledgeable about their animals, and they will often recognise an animal’s state of mind by its behaviour and body language,” said Dr. Paul Rose, of the University of Exeter. “What we are suggesting is a more scientific method of this, carried out over time. “Certain behaviours will show certain moods (情绪) in an animal, and we should build our knowledge of this for different animals that live in zoos. For example, lions have a lot of facial expressions, and research on these expressions could help zoos understand the animals’ state of mind. This information could then be used to improve welfare by changing diets, feeding times or any number of other aspects of the way animals are kept.” Dr. Rose carries out much of his research at WWT Slimbridge Wetland Centre, and is now examining how the swans (天鹅) there might show their state of mind through their behavioural expression. “We’re looking at how much time they spend exploring their habitat, which could show what they’re feeling.” he said. “When they’re unsure, they appear to move less and be more careful, and draw their feathers (羽毛) close to their bodies.” The study suggests research opportunities for Qualitative Behavioural Assessment and practices that could be used by zoos. “Animal welfare in zoos has improved greatly in the last 10 or 20 years, and this method gives zoos another way to recognise and improve the welfare of animals,” Dr. Rose said. 1．How to improve zoos animal’s welfare? A．More focus on animals’eating and sleep. B．Closer observation of zoo animals’ behaviours. C．More attention to zoo animals’state of mind. D．Adoption of more straightforward measure. 2．What is the function of lions as an example? A．To show body language vary from animal to animal. B．To show the significance of animal body language. C．To show lions are rich in their facial expressions. D．To show lions are treated well in zoos. 3．What dose Dr Rose research of swans suggests? A．They usually explore their habitat. B．They always draw their feather close to their body. C．They move little in fearful situations. D．They spend little time in their habitat. 4．What can we know from the last paragraph? A．Animal welfare in zoos is decreasing. B．Qualitative Behavioural Assessment is meaningful. C．Farm animals enjoy greater welfare than zoo animals. D．Zoos do a good job in recognising animal body language. 8（24-25高二上·辽宁·期中）Farmer in the Classroom During the season when outdoor field trips aren’t possible, and you get uneasy as the days are shorter, Oxbow’s farm educators bring the farm to you with one of several interactive lessons. Ages: Preschool-8th grade; Minimum age:4 Participants: Max.30 students per lesson (4 lessons per day) Period: 60 minutes (length can be adjusted) Time: Monday—Thursday, January 8—March 28,2025 Price: $300 per lesson (Add-on lessons $200. Max.4 in a day) Lesson 1: Wonder Worms! What makes healthy soil? We dig into soil, study worms, and hang out with them in our worm bin. We show how, in nature, there’s no waste, and worms are the clean-up team in this circle of life. Suggested Grade Levels: PreK to 8th gradeLesson 2: The Buzz on Pollination (授粉)   Animals need plants to survive, but do plants need animals? We explore the magic of pollination through the role of pollinators we play in growing the fruits we know and love. Suggested Grade Levels: PreK to 8th grade. Lesson 3: Calling All Birds What makes beaks (鸟喙) unique? Students become scientists as we discover how birds have adapted to their environment to feed themselves. Suggested Grade Levels: 2nd to 8th grade. Ready to attend? Email us at education@abc.org with the following information: · Detailed information of your school/organization. · Lesson of choice. · Ideal times: What time do you want the lesson(s) to start? · Number of lessons you would like to schedule Please list at least two or three time choices to allow our team to plan ahead. 1．What can be changed to suit the participants? A．The fees. B．The educators. C．The whole class time. D．The topic for each class. 2．What do Lesson 2 and 3 have in common? A．They focus on explaining facts. B．They use role-playing activities. C．They ask students to do experiments. D．They bring live animals into the class. 3．What’s a must for signing up for the class? A．Paying fees in advance. B．Offering three topic choices. C．Providing flexible times. D．Listing parental information. 9 （24-25高二上·海南·期中）Scientists say the drying Great Salt Lake in Utah is now becoming a significant contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions (排放) that are causing the climate lo warm, according to a new study. The Great Salt Lake has reduced in area by almost half in recent years. “Human-caused desiccation (干涸) of the Great Salt Lake is making huge areas of the lake bed come into sight and giving off large quantities of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere,” said Soren Brothers, the museum’s climate change curator. The researchers found that the drying lake bed gave off 4.1 million tons of CO2 and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, which would translate to a 7% increase in Utah’s human-caused emissions. According to scientists, 4 million tons of CO2 is equal to the total annual emissions of 140 passenger planes. Scientists say the state is as dry as it’s been in 1,200 years. The drought has been made worse by climate change. Agriculture has also played a huge role in the lake’s present situation. Upstream water diversions (改道) for farms and dairies have resulted in less lows into the lake. Utah’s rapid population growth is also a reason. The loss of water has serious impacts on the lives of animals and people. Researchers in Utah have begun to discover sharp reductions in shorebird populations as a result of brine shrimp dying out. Dust storms and air pollution, born out of a dried-up lake bed, are also a major concern for Utah residents. That’s worrisome for the majority of Utah’s 3.3 million population who live near the lake. The Great Salt Lake’s levels have rebounded (回升) slightly in recent years due to the last two snowy winters. Utah Gov. Spencer Cox promised to prevent the lake from drying up on his watch. “For generations, the lake was seen as kind of this dead thing that just happens to be there and will always be there,” Cox told NPR in April. “And now that people are realizing there’s a possibility that it might not always be here, that has reminded people and attracted their attention in a positive way.” 1．Why does the author mention passenger planes? A．To present the promising future of travelling by plane. B．To stress much CO2 has been given off by the drying lake. C．To show they are a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. D．To compare the amounts of CO2 given off by different human activities. 2．What’s the function of the fourth paragraph? A．To explain reasons. B．To provide evidence. C．To appeal for immediate action. D．To list possible results. 3．What is a positive reminder according to Spencer Cox? A．The belief that the lake will always be there. B．The promise that the lake will be under protection. C．The fact that the lake has stopped reducing in area. D．The realization that the lake is likely to disappear. 4．What would be the most suitable title for the text? A．What Makes the Great Salt Lake Dry Up? B．How Does the Great Salt Lake Recover Its Water? C．The Drying Great Salt Lake Causes Climate Change D．The Drying Great Salt Lake Affects Utah People’s Lives 10 （24-25高二上·辽宁·期中）The idea of turning Mars into a livable world for humans is a common element of science fiction. But could such an action be done in real life? There are many issues that need to be solved before humans can successfully live on Mars. They include a lack of breathable oxygen, harmful ultraviolet (紫外线) radiation, salty soil, and dust storms that sometimes cover much of the planet. And the average Martian surface temperature is about minus (零下) 65℃. With its thin atmosphere, solar heat on the Martian surface easily escapes into space. Scientists are now proposing a new method to warm up Mars. The idea involves putting engineered particles made of iron or aluminum (铝) into the atmosphere at a rate of about 30 liters per second for years. The goal is to trap escaping heat and direct sunlight towards the Martian surface. The proposal would aim to permit liquid water to exist on the surface of Mars, which has water in the form of ice at its polar areas and its subsurface. The proposed idea would be to increase the natural greenhouse effect on Mars and raise its surface temperature by around 28℃ over ten years. Such a change alone would not make Mars livable for people. But the scientists see it as a possible first step. Scientist Kite described the process of changing a planet’s environment to be more like Earth. “For Mars, warming the planet is a necessary, but not enough, first step. Previous concepts have focused on releasing greenhouse gases, but these require large amounts of resources that are rare on Mars,” he said. Kite added that climate modeling suggests the new idea of using engineered particles to warm Mars’ atmosphere could work better than previous ideas and that the work is important because it presents a possible method that could help future exploration plans. Kite suggested that the costs and benefits of releasing particles are uncertain. For example, he said if Mars’ soil has compounds that are harmful to life from Earth, then the benefit of warming Mars is zero. 1．What’s the function of the question mentioned in paragraph 1? A．To prove the untruth of sci-fi. B．To expect readers’ clear answers. C．To express people’s strong doubts. D．To introduce the theme of the text. 2．What does the author intend to explain in paragraph 2? A．The challenges for human settling on Mars. B．The variety of natural environments on Mars. C．The possibility of solid ice existence on Mars. D．The reason for the year-long darkness on Mars. 3．What does Kite’s words about the new idea convey? A．It’s perfect. B．It’s practical. C．It’s dangerous. D．It’s traditional. 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．Scientists Help People Move to Mars B．Scientists Make Mars a Second Home C．Scientists Propose an Idea to Warm Mars D．Scientists Change the Atmosphere of Mars 11 （24-25高二上·辽宁·期中）Scientists worldwide worked on an experiment to discover the role of trees in cloud formation and to understand pre-industrial climate patterns. When solid or liquid aerosol particles (气溶胶颗粒物) between 0.1-10 micrometers combine with water steam, they experience a process called New Particle Formation (NPF). The new molecule (分子) acts as a “cloud seed” that combines with other molecules, growing until they form a cloud. They come from human sources like steam released from burning fossil fuels and natural sources like sand or salt. Since the Industrial Revolution, about half of the clouds have been seeded from a fossil fuel pollutant. The other half comes from natural sources like trees, volcanoes, and dust from various places. To further study how nature contributes to cloud formation, an experiment called Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets (CLOUD) Project is being conducted. The tests are conducted in a giant metal container that can copy various ecosystems around the globe, such as ancient rainforests and mountain regions. Different compounds are introduced into the environment, which allows researchers to observe how the virtual atmosphere reacts. CLOUD determined that volatile organic compounds (挥发性有机化合物) released by trees called terpenes, play a large role in cloud formation, forming ten times as many “cloud seeds” as the other compounds tested! Additionally, trees produce more sesquiterpenes when they suffer environmental stress, which occurs more frequently because of climate change. One aim of CLOUD is to discover what compounds seeded cloud formation during the original pre-industrial era. This will allow scientists to ascertain the environmental results of human behavior since that time. Because clouds directly affect rainfall, and can either cool the earth or protect it, understanding the principles of their formation is crucial to predicting our future climate. The climate is affecting the cloud formation, and the clouds are affecting the climate. This study is a huge step in the right direction and has shown scientists ways to close gaps in their research to ensure more exact climate modeling results. Let’s hope the research continues allowing us to explain more mysteries about our environment! 1．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The formation of clouds. B．The sources of fossil fuels. C．The floating particles in the sky. D．The effect of the Industrial Revolution. 2．What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A．Trees have their emotions of stress in the wild. B．Cloud seeds can be widely used for many times. C．Climate affects trees’ cloud-forming contribution. D．Ecosystems in ancient locations remain unchanged. 3．What does the underlined word “ascertain” mean in paragraph 5? A．Accept. B．Confirm. C．Ignore. D．Suffer. 4．What’s the author’s attitude towards the study? A．Unconcerned. B．Unclear. C．Doubtful. D．Favourable. 12 （24-25高二上·湖北·期中）Heat impacts on food production now regularly present themselves. “We have been worried about this for years, saying the issue was going to get worse —now it is,” says Zitouni Ould-Dada, deputy director in the Office of Climate Change, Biodiversity and Environment at the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). “Crops need a norm (常态); any changes or disturbance to cycles will lead to negative impacts. Some crops simply won’t grow in certain areas any more. Drought affects the quality of the soil, the minerals, and the productivity of the plant.” Research shows that yields of some crops, such as maize and wheat in many lower-latitude regions, have already been affected by climate change. However, yields of maize, wheat and sugar beet in higher latitudes have been affected positively in recent decades. “Some crops are more tolerant of heat but, over time, if these temperatures become the norm, and are followed by extremely high heat on occasion, all crops eventually get affected.” Ould-Dada warns. Heat impacts are not only limited to food production. Smaller yields and changing growing zones could lead to greater use of fertilisers and water, and the further loss of biodiversity. Domestic animals are just as vulnerable (易受……伤害的) to heat stress, with knock-on impacts on cattle raised for meat and dairy animals. Meanwhile, fisheries and aquaculture (水产养殖业) face issues around warmer waters and acidification. “A heating world,” says Ould-Dada, “is forcing us to rethink how we produce food, process it and store it.” The key message, argues Ould-Dada, is for farmers to exchange best practice and diversify: if one crop falls to heat, another may grow. Besides, Farmers could be creative, for example, by installing solar panels in fields; plants benefit from shade and the panels generate electricity and gather rainwater. “Food production itself will cause the emission of CO. We have to do this in a way that benefits nature, the livelihoods of farmers and local communities,” adds Ould-Dada. 1．What effect does heat have on food production according to the passage? A．The overall yields of food have not been affected. B．The output of certain crops in lower latitudes has increased. C．Some crops are not likely to adapt to certain areas any more. D．Some crops more tolerant of heat won’t get affected over time. 2．What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph? A．Further heat impacts. B．Heat impacts on food production. C．The loss of biodiversity. D．Issues on fisheries and aquaculture. 3．What is the key to coping with heat impacts on food production? A．Creating new plant species. B．Processing and storing food. C．Installing solar panels in fields. D．Sharing methods and varying crops. 4．What can be inferred from Ould-Dada’s words in the last paragraph? A．Farmers need to put theory into practice in time. B．We had better take environment-friendly measures. C．A heating world is pushing us to produce healthy food. D．Food production is merely to blame for climate change. 13 （24-25高二上·辽宁·期中）“I can’t wait for it to go dark,” says Sylvester. We’re minutes away from a total solar eclipse (日全食), and I’m writing in my notebook, trying to record my impressions of a family trip in search of wonder, a once-in-a-generation event. So rare and special that Sylvester is missing a day of fifth grade. I tell myself that he’s being schooled in the science of the universe, the movement of planets. He can’t learn that in a classroom. Actually, he can, and he did already. But here we are, lying on a town common in Waterbury, Vermont. And we’re not the only ones skipping school. Sylvester looks into my lap. “Will you be able to write in the dark?” he asks. Sure, I tell him. But when the eclipse happens, I can’t. Words fail me. Nothing will measure up to the dizzying feeling of day becoming not-night, not-day. Sylvester turns to me again, “The moon is covering the sun! Take a photo of it, Dad.” But I keep my phone in my bag. I just want to watch and share the moment with Sylvester and Jenn, my wife. You can’t put a price on memories. At least, that’s how we justified our last-minute decision to book the last hotel room in town at peak eclipse price. On our way to the common, I told him how the Aztecs viewed solar eclipses. They believed a total eclipse meant a monster was trying to eat the sun god Tonatiuh, causing humanity to fall into darkness. Ceremonies were needed to prevent this. Sylvester is quiet at first. But later, as we sit watching the moon cover the sun, I joke that the monster is taking bigger bites of the sun. He laughs, and suggests we offer a sacrifice to save the sun god. After the sun reappears, the crowd starts to leave. We are also ready to move on. The next total solar eclipse in August 2026 won’t be observable from North America. It will, however, pass over Iceland. We know a family who is already planning housing there. Maybe we should join them. Sylvester won’t even need to miss school. 1．What made the author a little regretful about the trip? A．Sylvester’s lack of interest in space. B．Sylvester’s annoyance at taking notes. C．Sylvester’s taking a day off from school. D．Sylvester’s impatience in the observation. 2．What led the author to finally reserve the hotel? A．The cheapest local hotel to live in. B．The family’s bond and memories. C．The sense of learning about planets. D．The experience of shared excitement. 3．Why did the author tell Sylvester about the Aztecs? A．To explain the wonder of eclipses. B．To prove their lack of scientific knowledge. C．To inspire Sylvester to explore space more. D．To offer a different interpretation on eclipses. 4．How does the author like their family trip at last? A．Expensive. B．Adventurous. C．Meaningful. D．Tiresome. 14 （24-25高二上·湖北·期中）While humans may think of agriculture as a uniquely human achievement, ants have been farming their own food for millions of years, a new study has revealed. Researchers found that ants began farming fungi (真菌) 66 million years ago, around the time an asteroid (小行星) struck Earth and caused a global mass extinction. While the mass extinction was destructive for many species, including dinosaurs, it presented an opportunity for fungi. With plentiful rotten plant matter on the ground, ants developed an evolutionary partnership with fungi that still endures today. Over time, this relationship grew stronger, with ants improving their agricultural practices and developing advanced methods 27 million years ago, a process similar to the domestication of crops by humans. “Ants have been practicing agriculture and fungus farming for much longer than humans have existed,” Ted Schultz, lead author of the new paper, said in a statement. “We could probably learn something from the agricultural success of these ants over the past 66 million years.” Fungi-farming ants are particularly diverse in the Americas and the Caribbean, with nearly 250 different species engaged in this practice. The research, published in the journal Science, analyzed genetic data from hundreds of ant and fungi species to create detailed evolutionary trees. These genetic timelines played an important role in revealing the evolution of ants’ agricultural techniques. The study builds on Schultz’s 35 years of research into ant-fungus relationships, during which he and his team collected thousands of genetic samples from Central and South America. By comparing wild fungal species with ants’ domesticated fungus, the researchers determined that ants have been farming fungi since shortly after the asteroid impact. The ants have bacteria that can produce antibiotics (抗生素) to fight off diseases attacking their fungi. “Somehow, over the course of 66 million years, they’ve been able to continue to control crop disease and develop antibiotics that continue to be effective,” Schultz told Newsweek. “We’ve only been using antibiotics for less than100 years and we have major problems keeping up with resistance and developing new antibiotics.” 1．What can be inferred from paragraph 2? A．Ants began to co-exist with fungi 27 million years ago. B．Around 250 species of ants worldwide took part in fungi farming. C．Ants used more advanced ways of practicing agriculture than humans. D．Dead plant matter provided conditions for fungi to expand. 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly focus on? A．The methods in the research process. B．The research findings on fungi farming. C．The analysis of the genetic timeline. D．The impact of the asteroid event. 3．Which statement would Schultz probably agree with? A．Human history is much longer than that of ant agriculture. B．The antibiotics produced by ants could be used to treat humans. C．Further study could be focused on how to keep antibiotics effective. D．It’s meaningless for humans to follow ants’ success story in farming. 4．What’s the best title for this text? A．Ants are smarter than humans B．Agriculture isn’t unique to humans C．Ants provided solutions for human farming D．Ants mastered agriculture long before humans 15 （24-25高二上·山东德州·期中）Today, trees face a serious threat from human activity. Over the past 300 years,1.5 billion hectares of forest have been lost, resulting in the loss of biodiversity, desertification, and increased flood risks. Deforestation is also linked to a higher likelihood of disease outbreaks due to increased contact between humans and animals. In his book Treewilding, ecologist Jake Robinson explores how to best protect and restore forests. He argues that merely planting trees is not enough to fight deforestation. Tree-planting projects have increased dramatically in recent decades. Although trees help prevent soil degradation and fight climate change by capturing carbon, poorly planned tree-planting projects can harm ecosystems. Monoculture, where only one type of tree is planted, reduces biodiversity and makes forests easier to suffer diseases. Robinson advocates for a more informed approach to forest restoration. Regulators must understand the complex connections between trees, people, animals, and even microorganisms. For instance, native people often rely on forests for farming and raising livestock. Therefore, tree-planting projects should take into account local knowledge and the needs of communities to avoid displacing them unfairly. Robinson highlights several forest restoration projects. The Great Green Wall project aims to grow a line of trees across the Sahara Desert to prevent desert expansion and improve local livelihoods. Another project, Western Australia’s Gondwana Link, seeks to reconnect broken forest areas to protect endangered species. These projects emphasize the importance of understanding local ecosystems and investing in the long-term care of young trees. Robinson concludes that natural regeneration— allowing forests to heal themselves— is one of the best methods of restoration. He compares it to a phoenix(凤凰) rising from its ashes, pointing out that a forest can regenerate from its own leftovers. His descriptions and thought-provoking questions add depth to his narrative. He explores how to understand the environment’s fundamental state and examines how animals contribute to forest regeneration. His balanced perspective encourages researchers to develop more effective methods for forest restoration. 1．What does Robinson argue in his book Treewilding? A．Planting trees can pose risks to ecosystems. B．Deforestation has led to a complete biodiversity loss. C．Forests can only be restored via human intervention. D．Planting more trees is the best way to fight deforestation. 2．What does monoculture refer to based on the text? A．A natural process of forest growth. B．A method for restoring ecosystems. C．A practice that enhances forest health. D．A phenomenon harmful to biodiversity. 3．Why does Robinson emphasize the role of communities in tree-planting projects? A．To ensure the projects are cost-effective. B．To make tree-planting projects more digital. C．To protect communities from unjust displacement. D．To encourage modern technology in restoration efforts. 4．Which is the best approach for forest restoration according to Robinson? A．Planting diverse species of trees. B．Encouraging natural regeneration. C．Promoting extensive artificial planting. D．Helping animals tackle forest’s leftovers. 16 （24-25高二上·浙江·期中）Two small white dogs appeared as I arrived at a ranch house a few miles off the highway in Hempstead, followed by John Mendola, a retired police officer. He introduced me to the dogs, Princess Ariel and Princess Jasmine. They were named for a deceased dog named Princess to whom they are similar in every detail. And they should be: they are Princess’s clones. It has now been nearly thirty years since cloning mammals (哺乳动物) became possible. The technology has mainly been used to produce cattle, sheep, and pigs. However, since 2005, more than two thousand dogs have been successfully cloned. Biologically, it is not very different from that of cloned cows or sheep, but in other respects the cloning of pets raises a host of ethical (伦理的) and identity issues. There are issues of exploitation (剥削) — both of grieving owners who hope to bring back their lost pets, and of the unseen animals whose bodies are used in making a clone. There’s the issue of supply: the production of tailored dogs in a society when so many good, naturally born ones in shelters are in need of adoption. Finally, there’s an existential issue: who, exactly, is produced when a dog is cloned? Dogs are seen by most owners as a species of individuals, with distinct personalities. We keep them for companionship. As a result, we have placed our ideas of selfhood onto them, giving them preferences, fears, and moods. But, if it is dogs’ individuality that we value, how can we accept the idea that their unique and unreproducible selves can, in fact, be reproduced? As a matter of fact, among the people who have cloned their dogs, many struggled to say exactly what it was about the original animal that they had wanted to reproduce, especially in contrast to other dogs they had loved but hadn’t felt like cloning. Many spoke of the original as simply “special” — but the specific nature of that specialness seemed almost impossible to be explained. Perhaps the desire was less about re-creating the original dog than about bringing back the unique relationship that had been established with the animal. 1．What can we learn about the two white dogs in the first paragraph? A．They were named after a princess. B．They were clones of a late dog. C．They were distinct from each other. D．They were naturally produced by Princess. 2．How is the cloning of dogs different from that of other mammals? A．It has higher success rates. B．It raises more moral concerns. C．It is technically more challenging. D．It stirs greater public curiosity. 3．Which word best describes the author’s attitude to the cloning of dogs? A．Unclear. B．Objective. C．Favourable. D．Disapproving. 4．Why do people desire to clone their dogs? A．To deal with the identity issue. B．To reproduce the original animal. C．To recreate a distinctive emotional bond. D．To find out the specialness of the original dog. 17 （24-25高二上·陕西西安·期中）Using AI, a group of researchers from Dalhousie University have begun the surprisingly complicated work of translating the language of chickens. This groundbreaking study about chicken vocalizations (发声) could have positive effects on chicken welfare. Chicken “speech” is actually a lot more complex than one might think-they squawk, cluck, and even purr. And the way they communicate with one another can be affected by their environment, age, and level of domestication (驯化) . In addition, according to The Debrief, chickens also communicate via visual cues such as body language and facial expressions. Luckily, the researchers were able to use new AI technologies to help interpret what chickens are saying. According to The Conversation, AI can process and analyze huge amounts of audio (音频的) data. It can recognize patterns and types of vocalizations. Using this information and an AI technique called Natural Language Processing, the researchers have begun to interpret the emotional states of chickens. In addition, the researchers also used data from video and thermal imaging (热成像) , tracking the chickens’ expressions and facial temperatures. This can be used to track how chickens respond to stressors. Neethirajan, an expert in stock farming (畜牧业) , and the lead researcher of the study, told The Conversation that his team’s interest in chicken communication is not just academic. The researchers hope that this could be a turning point in terms of stock farming. “Farmers can use this knowledge to create better living conditions, leading to healthier and happier chickens, This, in turn, can impact the quality of produce, animal health and overall farm efficiency,” he said. Additionally, he advocates for the use of this information to influence animal welfare policies. The more people understand animals, the more likely they are to care about their well-being. 1．The underlined word “welfare” is closest in meaning to _________. A．social security B．happiness C．communication D．domestication 2．What can we know about chicken “speech”? A．It is easy to understand. B．It is similar to other animals’. C．It follows the same pattern. D．It is influenced by multiple factors. 3．What role does AI play in the research? A．It deals with audio data. B．It tracks chickens’ expressions. C．It makes chickens speak more. D．It records chickens temperatures. 4．What would be a suitable title for the text? A．The Belief in Chicken Intelligence. B．AI and the Future of Farming. C．The Emotional World of Chickens. D．Chicken Language Understood. 18 （24-25高二上·山东青岛·期中）Sixty-six years ago, there was only one human-built object in Earth’s orbit (天体轨道). It was the world’s first satellite. Try to guess how many human-made objects are circling the planet now. Ready? Your answer is wrong, unless you guessed 100 trillion (万亿). That’s a jaw-dropping number. For years, the junk has formed an ever-growing mass near the Earth. The researchers are calling for a global agreement to limit the number of satellites and the amount of rubbish in space. There are 9,000 active satellites in orbit. That could grow to more than 60,000 by 2030. The rest of that 100 trillion figure includes debris—everything from old rockets to accidentally dropped tools, and even paint chips (碎片). Don’t think a paint chip is harmless. Traveling at 17,500 miles per hour, it can strike a spacecraft hard; causing dents (凹痕) and holes. All of the debris will eventually fall to the Earth and burn up in the atmosphere. But we’re replacing the junk more quickly than its falling. Heather Koldewey, an ocean biologist, says, “Cleaning up space has a lot in common with the challenges of addressing environmental issues in the ocean.” Heather and her coauthors see hope for space. They look to the effort to clean up the oceans. In March 2022, nearly 200 countries signed a global plastics treaty at the United Nations. This is an agreement to throw less plastic in the ocean and deal with what’s already there. There could be similar rules for how much debris a launch (发射) can create. And technologies could be developed for cleaning up the rubbish. Years ago, scientists on the International Space Station tested the Remove Debris satellite. Tracking the location and speed of floating debris, it used a net to catch the junk, which fell and burned up in the Earth’s atmosphere. The test was a success. It may have brought the world a step closer to a safer orbit. 1．What does the underlined word “jaw-dropping” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Correct. B．Specific. C．Shocking. D．Declining. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The makeup of space debris. B．The whole description of space scenery. C．The reasons for dealing with space junk. D．The number of satellites circling the Earth. 3．Why does the author mention plastic pollution in the ocean? A．To compare the junk in space with that in the ocean. B．To prove space debris could eventually reach Earth’s oceans. C．To show the space cleanup can be inspired by the ocean cleanup. D．To argue that the ocean cleanup is harder than the space cleanup. 4．What do we know about the Remove Debris satellite? A．It indicated the possibility of reducing space debris. B．It provided data on the size and speed of space debris. C．It effectively removed a good deal of space debris from orbit. D．It encouraged international cooperation on launching satellites. 19 （24-25高二上·陕西西安·期中）Researchers have observed Florida carpenter ants biting off the injured legs of their companions. These surgeries are the first known example of non-human animals performing amputations(截肢) to improve a fellow animal’s chances of recovering, the researchers say. “Not only can they do this, but they are even able to check the wounds and, depending on the location, adapt the treatment accordingly,” says Erik Frank, an ant researcher. The ants are territorial (有领土意识的) and might sustain injuries while defending their homes. So, the researchers wondered if the species had methods for dealing with infected wounds. They discovered that when a worker ant injured its leg’s upper part, companions would perform amputations. These other ants would then spend about six minutes on average biting at the upper part until it came off. “I find it striking to what extent they take concerted (同心协力的) action in this amputation event,” Frank says. “You can see it presenting the injured leg, and the other ant, for many minutes at a time, is biting it violently and the injured ant doesn’t seem to complain.” The researchers wondered if the amputations could serve to prevent infections. To test this, they wounded some ants’ legs. They isolated(隔离) some, ensuring they would receive no care, performed their own amputations on others and returned a third group to the colony. The experiments showed ants with upper-leg injuries that were isolated died about 60% of the time, while ants that received surgeries, either from the researchers or from fellow ants, almost always lived. The experiments also confirmed the ants didn’t perform amputations for those with lower-leg injuries. But the others would lick (舔舐) the wounds. They had an approximately 75% survival rate, compared to a 15% survival rate for isolated ants with lower-leg injuries. Florida carpenter ants have muscles responsible for blood circulation in their upper legs, so upper-leg injuries could reduce circulation. Lower circulation would, in turn, reduce the spread of infection, buying the ants time to perform amputations. The researchers found amputations for lower-leg wounds only improved survival chances if they were performed immediately. The ants don’t perform blanket amputation on any injury-they only do so when it’d make sense. 1．Why do the ants bite off the injured legs of their companions? A．To save their lives. B．To compete for territory. C．To check their injuries. D．To force them to work. 2．What’s Frank’s opinion about the injured ants receiving an amputation? A．They’re unwilling. B．They know nothing about it. C．They enjoy it so much. D．They’re cooperative. 3．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about concerning the amputation? A．Different roles ants play in it. B．Actions each ant makes for it. C．The various death rates it causes. D．The experiments about its function. 4．What can be inferred about the ants’ amputations to their companions? A．They often fail to achieve their goals. B．They amputate the lower part of the leg. C．They perform them with strong targeting. D．They often injure themselves while doing so. 20 （24-25高二上·山西晋城·期中）When Sarah was a child, she loved visiting the beach near her home, collecting seashells and observing ocean life. She was fascinated by the bright colors and various forms of life she found in the tide pools. As she grew older, Sarah began to wonder if she could help protect these important ecosystems from environmental damage. After studying ocean biology and environmental science in college, Sarah returned to her childhood love for the ocean, now with new questions in mind. How can we reduce plastic waste in the sea? What measures can protect endangered ocean animals? With the right research and protection efforts, she thought, maybe she could make a difference. She decided to focus her career on protecting the ocean. Sarah’s first major project was to start a program to clean up plastic waste from local beaches. She organized a team of volunteers, worked with the local government, set up recycling bins, and held educational workshops. After months of effort, the beaches were noticeably cleaner, and the community became more aware of the importance of recycling. Over the years, Sarah has successfully led many projects. She started a project to protect coral reefs by promoting eco-friendly tourism practices and established a care center for injured sea turtles. One of her most challenging projects was a partnership with an international group to reduce ocean acid (酸性的) levels through creative methods. “Environmental care” is what Sarah calls her approach. “The ocean is a valuable resource that supports life on Earth,” she says. “By working together and using science and education, we can protect it for future generations.” 1．What can be inferred about Sarah’s early interest in ocean life? A．It delayed her decision to choose a career path. B．It was just for fun and had no long-term impact. C．It made her interested in tourism and ocean animals. D．It led her to seek a career focused on ocean conservation. 2．What was one of Sarah’s most difficult projects? A．Lowering ocean acid levels. B．Starting a sea turtle care center. C．Promoting eco-friendly tourism. D．Reducing plastic waste on beaches. 3．What does Sarah believe is key for ocean protection? A．Individual efforts. B．Science and education. C．Advanced technology. D．New laws and regulations. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Sarah’s childhood hobbies and interests. B．Different methods of cleaning up ocean pollution. C．Sarah’s career in ocean tourism and beach activities. D．The importance of protecting sea life and ecosystems. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！28 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$